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Lewis JA. Production of volatiles from decomposing plant tissues and effect of these volatiles on Rhizoctonia solani in culture. Can J Microbiol 1976; 22:1300-6. [PMID: 10069 DOI: 10.1139/m76-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatiles, of which NH3 is a major component, were evolved from decomposing immature corn tissue (c:n9) and affected R. solani in culture two ways: they supplied additional nitrogen to the growth medium so that fungal mycelial growth increased; and they raised substrate pH from 5.5 to 8.2 which induced melanization of mycelium. Volatiles increased fungus growth and pigmentation within 2 weeks of amendment addition to soil. Increases were concomitant with NH3 production from corn tissue. More NH3 evolved from decomposing corn tissues of C:N9 and 17 than from those of C-N 33 and 81. More growth and pigmentation occurred in flasks through which volatiles from decomposing corn (C:N9) were passed than in flasks through which volatiles from nonamended soil or decomposing corn (C:N81) were passed. Carbon dioxide from decomposing tissues did not affect growth or pigmentation. Twice as much NH3 evolved from corn tissue (C:N9) which decomposed in saturated soil than from tissue which decomposed in soil at 50% of its water-holding capacity. Pigment production doubled under saturated conditions.
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327
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Petrie JC, Galloway DB, Jeffers TA, Millar HR, Smith MC, Wood RA, Lewis JA, Simpson WT. Methyldopa and propranolol or practolol in moderate hypertension. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 2:137-9. [PMID: 776350 PMCID: PMC1687472 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6028.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a low dose of methyldopa combined with (a) a non-selective and (b) a selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 24 carefully selected patients with moderate hypertension (mean initial lying blood pressure 189/117 mm Hg). Each patient received methyldopa 750 mg/day, propranolol 240 mg/day, practolol 600 mg/day, methyldopa 750 mg/day combined with propranolol 240 mg/day, methyldopa 750 mg/day combined with practolol 600 mg/day, and placebo for four weeks each according to a random sequence. After four weeks of therapy the most effective treatment, methyldopa combined with propranolol, reduced lying and standing blood pressures by 36-5/21-4 mm Hg and 44-7/25 mm Hg respectively. Thic combination had similar effects to those of the combination of methyldopa with the cardioselective agent practolol except that it reduced lying diastolic pressure further. The combination was more effective than either treatment alone. No significant differences were found between the effects of propranolol, practolol, or methyldopa at the doses used.
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328
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Galloway DB, Glover SC, Hendry WG, Logie AW, Petrie JC, Smith MC, Lewis JA, Simpson WT. Propranolol in hypertension: a dose-response study. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 2:140-2. [PMID: 776351 PMCID: PMC1687432 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6028.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of propranolol was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. Each patient received propranolol 60 mg/day, 120 mg/day, 240 mg/day, and placebo for four weeks each according to a randomised sequence. Propranolol 60 mg/day was no better than placebo in reducing blood pressure. The effects of propranolol 120 mg/day and 240 mg/day were not significantly different. Both doses reduced lying blood pressure by about 20/10 mm Hg from an initial level of 173/104 mm Hg. No difference was detected between the effects of the different doses of propranolol and placebo on weight or on the occurrence of adverse reactions.
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329
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Luque J, Lewis JA, Kirsch WM. Minicomputer detection of pain. BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES INSTRUMENTATION 1976; 12:63-8. [PMID: 1084161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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330
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Lewis JA, Clemens MJ, Tata JR. Morphological and biochemical changes in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus of male Xenopus laevis after induction of egg-yolk protein synthesis by oestradiol-17 beta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1976; 4:311-29. [PMID: 181282 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(76)90048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report describes morphological and biochemical changes accompanying oestrogen induced synthesis of the egg-yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin, in male Xenopus liver. Extensive proliferation of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus occurs between 3 and 9 days after administration of oestradiol-17 beta. Subcellular fractionation showed that microsomal fractions have an increased number of ribosomes available for protein synthesis, hormone treatment enhances the in vitro protein synthetic capacity per unit of RNA; both in microsome and ribosome preparations. Polypeptides synthesized in vitro by ribosome preparations show an enrichment in serine content after hormone treatment and an increased proportion of ribosomes can be immunoprecipitated by antibodies directed against vitellogenin. Our data are consistent with the proposal that vitellogenin is synthesized on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and processed and packaged for secretion in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Response to hormonal induction of vitellogenin involves an early phase in which membrane proliferation occurs in order to increase the cellular capacity to synthesize, process and secrete large quantities of egg-yolk protein precursor.
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331
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Abstract
For use in absorption measurements in low-attenuation glass fibers, we calculate the periodic temperature rise at the surface of a glass cylinder heated by a chopped laser beam. Specifically, we give the mean temperature, setting the operating temperature of the experiment, and the peak-to-peak temperature, determining the sensitivity of the measurements.
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332
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Petrie JC, Galloway DB, Webster J, Simpson WT, Lewis JA. Atenolol and bendrofluazide in hypertension. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1975; 4:133-5. [PMID: 1104047 PMCID: PMC1674832 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5989.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of atenolol, a new beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, was studied in a double-blind cross-over trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. After a four-week run-in period on matching placebo each patient received atenolol 200 mg/day, atenolol 400 mg/day, a combination of atenolol 200/mg day with bendrofluazide 5 mg/day, and bendrofluazide 5 mg/day alone, according to a random sequence. Atenolol at either dose produced a significantly greater reduction in all blood pressure levels except standing systolic pressure than bendrofluazide alone. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two atenolol doses on either blood pressure or pulse rate. The addition of bendrofluazide to atenolol resulted in a further significant lowering of the blood pressure. A significant effect of thiazide on weight was noted. The study shows that atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker of similar potency to propranolol in animals but without membrane-stabilizing or partial agonist acitivity, is an effective and well-tolerated hypotensive agent.
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333
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Lewis JA, Karasek M. Proceedings: Partial tonic seizures with fast, focal spike wave discharges. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1975; 39:433. [PMID: 51755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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334
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Lewis JA, Kind D. Proceedings: Transient unilateral delta driving. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1975; 39:432. [PMID: 51750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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335
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Kirsch WM, Lewis JA, Simon RH. Experiences with electrical stimulation devices for the control of chronic pain. MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 1975; 9:217-20. [PMID: 1081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The results of a study involving the treatment of pain syndromes by electrical stimulation in 98 patients are reported. Advantages and disadvantages of three electrostimulation techniques--transcutaneous stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and dorsal cord stimulation--are discussed. Also included is a brief discussion of the possible mechanism of suppression of pain stimuli.
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336
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Lewis JA. Violence and epilepsy. JAMA 1975; 232:1165-7. [PMID: 806713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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337
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Abstract
Deanol, a putative acetylcholine precursor, has been used as a treatment for childhood hyperactivity for years. Efficacy has not been satisfactorily established, however. Seventy-four children referred for problems with learning, including many with hyperactivity, were screened for neurological or psychiatric illness, then given deanol, methylphenidate, or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 months. Maintenance dose for methylphenidate was 40 mg daily; for deanol, 500 mg. Behavior rating forms, reaction time, and a series of standard psychometric tests were given before and after treatment. Both drugs showed significant improvement on a number of tests; the pattern and degree of change differed slightly for the two. In this paradigm, deanol thus appeared to improve performance in children with learning and behavior disorders. The mechanism of action remains speculative; proof that deanol increases acetylcholine is scanty, and there is a theoretical basis for actually assuming an anticholinergic effect. Further clinical studies on deanol are indicated.
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338
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Lewis JA, Baer MT, Laufer MA. Letter: Urinary riboflavin and creatinine excretion in children treated with anticonvulsant drugs. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN (1960) 1975; 129:394. [PMID: 1121974 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120400088028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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339
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Lewis JA. Epilepsy revisited. ROCKY MOUNTAIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 1974; 71:565-9. [PMID: 4419775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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340
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Broome AW, Lewis JA. Activity of levamisole against developmental stages of D. viviparus in experimentally infected calves. Vet Rec 1974; 94:563-6. [PMID: 4279495 DOI: 10.1136/vr.94.24.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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341
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Bowes GW, Lewis JA. Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Evaluation of a Column Technique Applied to Polar Bear and Seal Tissue. J AOAC Int 1974. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/57.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A column extraction procedure was evaluated for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) from polar bear and seal liver and fat tissue. DDE (2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dichloroethylene) was also present in these tissues, and was quantitated for comparative purposes. Two solvent systems were compared: hexane and chloroform-methanol. The chlorinated hydrocarbons were also separated from the liver and fat by digestion of tissue in hot perchloric-glacial acetic acid, and treatment of tissue with acetone and hot isopropanol (considered to be an exhaustive extraction method for lipid). Six replicate extractions were performed for each of the 4 procedures applied to the 4 tissues. The results suggest that the column technique is excellent for extraction of these chlorinated hydrocarbons from animal tissue. Hexane eluted through a sodium sulfate- tissue mixture in a column was as effective in extracting PCB and DDE from polar bear and seal fat as the standard method of comparison (acetone-isopropanol), and slightly less effective (2—4%) in recovering them from liver. These results also indicate that PCB and DDT compounds are associated with the nonpolar lipid component in the cell. A fraction collection study with polar bear liver and fat shows that hexane removes the compounds rapidly from the 2 tissue types. Most of the PCB and DDE is eluted in the first 50 ml.
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342
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Bowes GW, Lewis JA. Industrial chemicals. Extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls: evaluation of a column technique applied to polar bear and seal tissue. JOURNAL - ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS 1974; 57:138-44. [PMID: 4205312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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343
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Lewis JA. Loose vs tight fitting of silastic prosthesis of the MP joint of the hand. THE MEDICAL ANNALS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1974; 43:15-7. [PMID: 4521173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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344
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Lewis JA, Lyttleton JW. An optical pulse modulation system for laser interference studies in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Anal Biochem 1973; 56:52-9. [PMID: 4764696 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(73)90168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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345
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Abstract
Balance-sheet experiments carried out to account for the distribution of endoplasmic reticulum fragments during subcellular fractionation of rat liver showed that a large proportion of these fragments are present in the pellets of low-speed centrifugation. Using glucose-6-phosphatase and RNA as markers we found that approximately 50% of the fragments of endoplasmic reticulum sedimented in the pellet of a 640-g centrifugation, 10% in that of a 6000-g centrifugation and 35% in the pellet of a 105000-g centrifugation. Starvation of the animals before use did not alter this distribution, nor did the use of more vigorous homogenization conditions. We have developed a procedure for removing nuclei and erythrocytes from the material sedimenting at 640g to give a fraction (rapidly sedimenting ER fraction or RS-ER) similar to the standard microsomal preparation. Centrifugation of this RS-ER fraction over 1.3 M sucrose yields subfractions of high and low RNA content analogous to the rough and smooth microsomal fractions. Electron-microscopic studies showed that, whereas the rough microsomal fraction consisted of ribosome-studded vesicles of varying size and content density, the rough RS-ER fraction contained a mixture of mitochondria and double lamellar membranes with ribosomes attached. These double lamellar membranes closely resemble the endoplasmic reticulum of intact rat liver. The double lamellar membranes are frequently observed grouped in stacks and in close association with the mitochondria. The significance of the association between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the RS-ER fraction and the relation between it and the standard microsomal preparation are discussed.
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346
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Chapman HD, Lewis JA, Searle RM. The effect of naturally acquired infections of coccidia in lambs. Res Vet Sci 1973; 14:369-75. [PMID: 4805157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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347
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Lewis JA, Tata JR. Heterogeneous distribution of glucose 6-phosphatase in rat liver microsomal fractions as shown by adaptation of a cytochemical technique. Biochem J 1973; 134:69-78. [PMID: 4353089 PMCID: PMC1177788 DOI: 10.1042/bj1340069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. A novel technique for the subfractionation of rat liver smooth and rough microsomal fractions according to their content of glucose 6-phosphatase is described. This technique, based on the Gomori lead histochemical procedure, involves incubation of smooth and rough microsomal fractions with low concentrations of Pb(NO(3))(2) and glucose 6-phosphate. Control experiments, in which enzyme was assayed in the presence of various amounts of Pb(NO(3))(2) or in which microsomal fractions were reisolated after incubation with low concentrations of Pb(NO(3))(2) and glucose 6-phosphate, showed that lead does not interfere with glucose 6-phosphatase activity. 2. Discontinuous sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of microsomal fractions which had previously been incubated with various amounts of Pb(NO(3))(2) and glucose 6-phosphate showed that it is possible to subfractionate both smooth- and rough-microsomal fractions into several bands, owing to a differential modification of the density of the microsomal vesicles by the trapping of lead phosphate within them. 3. When the material in the bands obtained by density-gradient centrifugation of incubated microsomal fractions was assayed for glucose 6-phosphatase activity, it was found that the modification of the density of the microsomal fractions was directly related to their relative enrichment in glucose 6-phosphatase activity. Control experiments, in which microsomal fractions were incubated with Pb(NO(3))(2) and glucose 6-phosphate and then treated with EDTA, showed that the subfractionation was not due to aggregation of microsomal vesicles, lead and glucose 6-phosphate. Thus the resolution of microsomal preparations into subfractions with different glucose 6-phosphatase activities is interpreted as indicating heterogeneity of glucose 6-phosphatase distribution in the microsomal vesicles. 4. Electron micrographs of both smooth- and rough-microsomal subfractions show deposits of lead phosphate within the microsomal vesicles. The frequency and extent of these deposits correlate with the different amounts of glucose 6-phosphatase activity measured biochemically. 5. The nature of the heterogeneous distribution of glucose 6-phosphatase is discussed and the more general applicability of the technique for studying membrane fractions containing a heterogeneous distribution of phosphatases is indicated.
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348
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Evans DP, Lewis JA, Thomson DS. An automated fluorimetric assay for the rapid determination of histamine in biological fluids. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 2: BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1973; 12:327-36. [PMID: 4121709 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(73)90366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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349
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350
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Lewis JA. Treatment of convulsive disorders. N Engl J Med 1972; 287:105. [PMID: 5031385 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197207132870219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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