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Jin T, Ren J, Bai B, Wu W, Cao Y, Meng J, Zhang L. Effects of Klebsiella michiganensis LDS17 on Codonopsis pilosula growth, rhizosphere soil enzyme activities, and microflora, and genome-wide analysis of plant growth-promoting genes. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0405623. [PMID: 38563743 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04056-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a perennial herbaceous liana with medicinal value. It is critical to promote Codonopsis pilosula growth through effective and sustainable methods, and the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a promising candidate. In this study, we isolated a PGPB, Klebsiella michiganensis LDS17, that produced a highly active 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase from the Codonopsis pilosula rhizosphere. The strain exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting properties. The antagonistic activity of strain LDS17 against eight phytopathogenic fungi was investigated, and the results showed that strain LDS17 had obvious antagonistic effects on Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum camelliae, Cytospora chrysosperma, and Phomopsis macrospore with growth inhibition rates of 54.22%, 49.41%, 48.89%, and 41.11%, respectively. Inoculation of strain LDS17 not only significantly increased the growth of Codonopsis pilosula seedlings but also increased the invertase and urease activities, the number of culturable bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, as well as the functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of the seedlings. Heavy metal (HM) resistance tests showed that LDS17 is resistant to copper, zinc, and nickel. Whole-genome analysis of strain LDS17 revealed the genes involved in IAA production, siderophore synthesis, nitrogen fixation, P solubilization, and HM resistance. We further identified a gene (koyR) encoding a plant-responsive LuxR solo in the LDS17 genome. Klebsiella michiganensis LDS17 may therefore be useful in microbial fertilizers for Codonopsis pilosula. The identification of genes related to plant growth and HM resistance provides an important foundation for future analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant growth promotion and HM resistance of LDS17. IMPORTANCE We comprehensively evaluated the plant growth-promoting characteristics and heavy metal (HM) resistance ability of the LDS17 strain, as well as the effects of strain LDS17 inoculation on the Codonopsis pilosula seedling growth and the soil qualities in the Codonopsis pilosula rhizosphere. We conducted whole-genome analysis and identified lots of genes and gene clusters contributing to plant-beneficial functions and HM resistance, which is critical for further elucidating the plant growth-promoting mechanism of strain LDS17 and expanding its application in the development of plant growth-promoting agents used in the environment under HM stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Jiahong Ren
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Bianxia Bai
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Yongqing Cao
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
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Luo B, Wu Y, Ren X, Li H, Li X, Wang G, Wang M, Dong L, Liu M, Zhou W, Qu L. Novel Pyrazole-4-Carboxamide Derivatives Containing Oxime Ether Group as Potential SDHIs to Control Rhizoctonia solani. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:9599-9610. [PMID: 38646697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In the search for novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides to control Rhizoctonia solani, thirty-five novel pyrazole-4-carboxamides bearing either an oxime ether or an oxime ester group were designed and prepared based on the strategy of molecular hybridization, and their antifungal activities against five plant pathogenic fungi were also investigated. The results indicated that the majority of the compounds containing oxime ether demonstrated outstanding in vitro antifungal activity against R. solani, and some compounds also displayed pronounced antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Particularly, compound 5e exhibited the most promising antifungal activity against R. solani with an EC50 value of 0.039 μg/mL, which was about 20-fold better than that of boscalid (EC50 = 0.799 μg/mL) and 4-fold more potent than fluxapyroxad (EC50 = 0.131 μg/mL). Moreover, the results of the detached leaf assay showed that compound 5e could suppress the growth of R. solani in rice leaves with significant protective efficacies (86.8%) at 100 μg/mL, superior to boscalid (68.1%) and fluxapyroxad (80.6%), indicating promising application prospects. In addition, the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymatic inhibition assay revealed that compound 5e generated remarkable SDH inhibition (IC50 = 2.04 μM), which was obviously more potent than those of boscalid (IC50 = 7.92 μM) and fluxapyroxad (IC50 = 6.15 μM). Furthermore, SEM analysis showed that compound 5e caused a remarkable disruption to the characteristic structure and morphology of R. solani hyphae, resulting in significant damage. The molecular docking analysis demonstrated that compound 5e could fit into the identical binding pocket of SDH through hydrogen bond interactions as well as fluxapyroxad, indicating that they had a similar antifungal mechanism. The density functional theory and electrostatic potential calculations provided useful information regarding electron distribution and electron transfer, which contributed to understanding the structural features and antifungal mechanism of the lead compound. These findings suggested that compound 5e could be a promising candidate for SDHI fungicides to control R. solani, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yuerui Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinran Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xuanru Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Gege Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mengjia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Luqi Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mengxing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- College of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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Soltani Nejad M, Samandari Najafabadi N, Aghighi S, Pakina E, Zargar M. Evaluation of Phoma sp. Biomass as an Endophytic Fungus for Synthesis of Extracellular Gold Nanoparticles with Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:1181. [PMID: 35208971 PMCID: PMC8879160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the different concentrations of AuNPs as a new antimicrobial substance to control the pathogenic activity. The extracellular synthesis of AuNPs performed by using Phoma sp. as an endophytic fungus. Endophytic fungus was isolated from vascular tissue of peach trees (Prunus persica) from Baft, located in Kerman province, Iran. The UltraViolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided the absorbance peak at 526 nm, while the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images released the formation of spherical AuNPs with sizes in the range of 10-100 nm. The findings of inhibition zone test of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a desirable antifungal and antibacterial activity against phytopathogens including Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA (AG1-IA has been identified as the dominant anastomosis group) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The highest inhibition level against sclerotia formation was 93% for AuNPs at a concentration of 80 μg/mL. Application of endophytic fungus biomass for synthesis of AuNPs is relatively inexpensive, single step and environmentally friendly. In vitro study of the antifungal activity of AuNPs at concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL was conducted against rice fungal pathogen R. solani to reduce sclerotia formation. The experimental data revealed that the Inhibition rate (RH) for sclerotia formation was (15, 33, 74 and 93%), respectively, for their corresponding AuNPs concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/mL). Our findings obviously indicated that the RH strongly depend on AuNPs rates, and enhance upon an increase in AuNPs rates. The application of endophytic fungi biomass for green synthesis is our future goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Soltani Nejad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran
| | - Neda Samandari Najafabadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Iran;
| | - Sonia Aghighi
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
| | - Elena Pakina
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran;
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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Chen H, Shan Y, Cao L, Zhao P, Cao C, Li F, Huang Q. Enhanced Fungicidal Efficacy by Co-Delivery of Azoxystrobin and Diniconazole with Cauliflower-Like Metal-Organic Frameworks NH 2-Al-MIL-101. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10412. [PMID: 34638750 PMCID: PMC8509013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of a single fungicide increases the resistance risk and causes adverse effects on natural ecosystems. Controlled release formulations of dual fungicides with different modes of action can afford a new dimension for addressing the current issues. Based on adjustable aperture and superhigh surface area, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal candidates as pesticide release carriers. This study used Al3+ as the metal node and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic chain to prepare aluminum-based metal-organic framework material (NH2-Al-MIL-101) with "cauliflower-like" structure and high surface area of 2359.0 m2/g. Fungicides of azoxystrobin (AZOX) and diniconazole (Dini) were simultaneously encapsulated into NH2-Al-MIL-101 with the loading content of 6.71% and 29.72%, respectively. Dual fungicide delivery system of AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 demonstrated sustained and pH responsive release profiles. When the maximum cumulative release rate of AZOX and Dini both reached about 90%, the release time was 46 and 136 h, respectively. Furthermore, EC50 values as well as the percentage of inhibition revealed that AZOX@Dini@NH2-Al-MIL-101 had enhanced germicidal efficacy against rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), evidenced by the synergistic ratio of 1.83. The present study demonstrates a potential application prospect in sustainable plant protection through co-delivery fungicides with MOFs as a platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Yongpan Shan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 38 Yellow River Avenue, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lidong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Chong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
| | - Qiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.C.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.); (C.C.); (F.L.)
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Chen S, Zhang DL, Ren CL, Zou WQ, Tian XY, Du XH, Tan CX. Novel Pyridyl-Oxazole Carboxamides: Toxicity Assay Determination in Fungi and Zebrafish Embryos. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133883. [PMID: 34202103 PMCID: PMC8271392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight novel pyridyl–oxazole carboxamides were evaluated against fungi and displayed good fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinereal and Rhizoctonia solani. Preliminary bioassay results indicated that at 100 mg/L, compounds 6a–6e, 6g and 6h exhibited 100% fungicidal activities against Botrytis cinerea, and the compound 6b to Rhizoctonia solani at 100%. Then, the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test was performed to assess the toxicity of 6b and 6c. A series of malformations appeared, when the zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6b and 6c, such as delayed yolk sac resorption, significant shortening of body length, pericardial edema, bending spine, lack of melanin, heart hemorrhage, head hemorrhage, delayed swim sac development, yolk malformation and head malformation. In addition, the acute toxicity of 6b to zebrafish embryo is 4.878 mg/L, and 6c is 6.257 mg/L.
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Qi H, Zhu X, Guo F, Lv L, Zhang Z. The Wall-Associated Receptor-Like Kinase TaWAK7D Is Required for Defense Responses to Rhizoctonia cerealis in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115629. [PMID: 34073183 PMCID: PMC8199179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp eyespot, caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a serious fungal disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Certain wall-associated receptor kinases (WAK) mediate resistance to diseases caused by biotrophic/hemibiotrophic pathogens in several plant species. Yet, none of wheat WAK genes with positive effect on the innate immune responses to R. cerealis has been reported. In this study, we identified a WAK gene TaWAK7D, located on chromosome 7D, and showed its positive regulatory role in the defense response to R. cerealis infection in wheat. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that TaWAK7D transcript abundance was elevated in wheat after R. cerealis inoculation and the induction in the stem was the highest among the tested organs. Additionally, TaWAK7D transcript levels were significantly elevated by pectin and chitin treatments. The knock-down of TaWAK7D transcript impaired resistance to R. cerealis and repressed the expression of five pathogenesis-related genes in wheat. The green fluorescent protein signal distribution assays indicated that TaWAK7D localized on the plasma membrane in wheat protoplasts. Thus, TaWAK7D, which is induced by R. cerealis, pectin and chitin stimuli, positively participates in defense responses to R. cerealis through modulating the expression of several pathogenesis-related genes in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Qi
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Xiuliang Zhu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Feilong Guo
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (X.Z.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82108781
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Chen L, Zhang H, Zhao S, Xiang B, Yao Z. Lipopeptide production by Bacillus atrophaeus strain B44 and its biocontrol efficacy against cotton rhizoctoniosis. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1183-1193. [PMID: 33738609 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An assay was conducted to show the comparisons the effects of nine metal ions on antagonistic metabolites (lipopeptides, siderophores and gibberellins) by Bacillus atrophaeus strain B44 using well-diffusion assays, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis, chrome azurol S plus mannitol salt agar (CAS-MSA) tests, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis. This assay is also designed to demonstrate the biocontrol efficacy of B44 against cotton rhizoctoniosis using pot culture tests. RESULTS Both the lipopeptide yield and the antimicrobial activity of B44 increase with the MnSO4, MgSO4, CaCO3, and CuSO4 treatments and either have no effect or decreased lipopeptide yield and antimicrobial activity with the FeSO4, K2HPO4, KCl, KH2PO4 and ZnSO4 treatments. The medium containing MgSO4 has no significant effect on either the lipopeptide yield or antimicrobial activity. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis shows a broad range of m/z peaks, indicating that strain B44 produces a complex mixture of iturin, surfactin, and fengycin lipopeptides. Gibberellin production by strain B44 varies greatly depending on the culture medium, and the siderophore production is not significantly affected by the culture medium. Pot tests show that lipopeptide production affects the disease control efficacy of strain B44. CONCLUSION The biocontrol efficacy of B. atrophaeus strain B44 is related to the lipopeptide yield. Moreover, B. atrophaeus strain B44 significantly increases the size of cotton seedlings, which is related to the GA3 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization/College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization/College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
| | - Benchun Xiang
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization/College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Zhaoqun Yao
- Key Laboratory at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization/College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
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Chen YJ, Liu H, Zhang SY, Li H, Ma KY, Liu YQ, Yin XD, Zhou R, Yan YF, Wang RX, He YH, Chu QR, Tang C. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Cryptolepine Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1259-1271. [PMID: 33496176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the widely antiphytopathogenic application of diversified derivatives from natural sources, cryptolepine and its derivatives were subsequently designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against four agriculturally important fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results obtained from in vitro assay indicated that compounds a1-a24 showed great fungicidal property against B. cinerea (EC50 < 4 μg/mL); especially, a3 presented significantly prominent inhibitory activity with an EC50 of 0.027 μg/mL. In the pursuit of further expanding the antifungal spectrum of cryptolepine, ring-opened compound f1 produced better activity with an EC50 of 3.632 μg/mL against R. solani and an EC50 of 5.599 μg/mL against F. graminearum. Furthermore, a3 was selected to be a candidate to investigate its preliminary antifungal mechanism to B. cinerea, revealing that not only spore germination was effectively inhibited and the normal physiological structure of mycelium was severely undermined but also detrimental reactive oxygen was obviously accumulated and the normal function of the nucleus was fairly disordered. Besides, in vivo curative experiment against B. cinerea found that the therapeutic action of a3 was comparable to that of the positive control azoxystrobin. These results suggested that compound a3 could be regarded as a novel and promising agent against B. cinerea for its valuable potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Yuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ru Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Wei S, Li G, Li P, Qiu C, Jiang C, Liu M, Wu M, Li Z. Molecular level changes during suppression of Rhizoctonia solani growth by humic substances and relationships with chemical structure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111749. [PMID: 33348258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the inhibitory effects of humic substances (HSs) on phytopathogenic fungi and the underlying molecular mechanisms are highly important for improved biocontrol. In this study, we investigated the growth suppression, morphological characteristics, transcriptomic sequence, and radical signals of Rhizoctonia solani following HS addition (50 mg/L). Through mycelial cultured experiment, mycelia growth of R. solani had been suppressed with HS addition, and the inhibition rate was 24.88 ± 0.11% compared to the control. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy showed increased and superimposed branching mycelial growth, with a shriveled appearance. RNA samples of R. solani cultured with or without HSs were both extracted to examine the sequence on molecular level by Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 111 upregulated and 64 downregulated) between the HSs treatment and control. The upregulated unigenes were annotated and significantly enriched to three molecular processes: vitamin B6 metabolism, ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism, while the downregulated unigenes were annotated to carbohydrate metabolism, but not significantly enriched. Real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the unigenes related to hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glutathione synthase, and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased (by 60.03%, 70.70%, 60.33%, and 57.59%, respectively), while those related to glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased (2.66-fold). The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that HSs induced increased the intensity of radical signals of R. solani in a cultured system increased by 59.56% compared to CK (without HSs addition). Network analysis based on DEGs expression and the chemical structure of HSs revealed that the carbonyl moiety in HSs formed the most links with nodes of the DEGs (sum of the links of positive and negative effects = 70), implicating this structure as the active fraction responsible for the inhibitory effect. This study provides molecular and chemical evidence of the biofungicidal activity of HSs with the potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunpu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhongpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Deng RX, Zhang Z, Li HL, Wang W, Hu HB, Zhang XH. Identification of a Novel Bioactive Phenazine Derivative and Regulation of phoP on Its Production in Streptomyces lomondensis S015. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:974-981. [PMID: 33443412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural phenazines are a class of multifunctional secondary metabolites of bacteria that play an important role in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. In this paper, a novel bioactive phenazine derivative was isolated from Streptomyces lomondensis S015 through silica gel chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structure was identified as 1-carboxyl-6-formyl-4,7,9-trihydroxy-phenazine (CFTHP) by NMR spectroscopy in combination with ultraperformance liquid chromatography & mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). CFTHP could inhibit Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria steviae, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16, 32, 16, and 16 μg/mL, respectively. A global regulatory gene phoP could positively regulate CFTHP biosynthesis since its production was 3.0-fold enhanced by phoP overexpression and inhibited by phoP deletion in Streptomyces lomondensis S015. These studies illustrated the potential of CFTHP as a promising biopesticide and provided a reference for phenazine production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xue-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Chlebek D, Pinski A, Żur J, Michalska J, Hupert-Kocurek K. Genome Mining and Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens BRZ63, a New Endophyte of Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.) against Fungal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228740. [PMID: 33228091 PMCID: PMC7699435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria hold tremendous potential for use as biocontrol agents. Our study aimed to investigate the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens BRZ63, a new endophyte of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) against Rhizoctonia solani W70, Colletotrichum dematium K, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum K2291, and Fusarium avenaceum. In addition, features crucial for biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and colonization were assessed and linked with the genome sequences. The in vitro tests showed that BRZ63 significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of all tested pathogens and stimulated germination and growth of oilseed rape seedlings treated with fungal pathogens. The BRZ63 strain can benefit plants by producing biosurfactants, siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and ammonia as well as phosphate solubilization. The abilities of exopolysaccharide production, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation additionally underline its potential to plant colonization and hence biocontrol. The effective colonization properties of the BRZ63 strain were confirmed by microscopy observations of EGFP-expressing cells colonizing the root surface and epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0. Genome mining identified many genes related to the biocontrol process, such as transporters, siderophores, and other secondary metabolites. All analyses revealed that the BRZ63 strain is an excellent endophytic candidate for biocontrol of various plant pathogens and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Chlebek
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (K.H.-K.); Tel.: +48-32-2009-462 (K.H.-K.)
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12
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Zhao Y, Yang N, Deng Y, Tao K, Jin H, Hou T. Mechanism of Action of Novel Pyrazole Carboxamide Containing a Diarylamine Scaffold against Rhizoctonia solani. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11068-11076. [PMID: 32924467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight has resulted in a lot of economic losses in the world. Therefore, many novel pyrazole carboxamide fungicides have been intensively researched and employed to fight against it. In this regard, in recent years, our group reported a novel pyrazole carboxamide containing a diarylamine scaffold with good antifungal activity against rice sheath blight in the pot test and field trial. Following this project, the antifungal mechanism of action of the pyrazole carboxamide has been elucidated in this work. The antifungal result showed that compound SCU2028, N-[2-[(3-chlorophenyl)amino]-phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, was equivalent to the commercial fungicide thifluzamide and its EC50 value was 0.022 mg/L against R. solani. Also, the observation results by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that it could destroy the fungus' cell walls or membranes and result in the leakage of contents and increase of the number of mitochondria and abnormal morphology. Meanwhile, the result on the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) showed that it could decrease R. solani's MMP. Furthermore, the results by label-free quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 1153 proteins were found after R. solani was treated with compound SCU2028, including 212 proteins in the control group and 257 proteins in the treatment group. A total of 142 differential proteins were obtained, of which 92 proteins were upregulated and 50 proteins were downregulated. The differentially expressed proteins affected a series of physiological and biochemical pathways in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, and other related GO and KEGG pathways. In particular, the inhibition of the respiratory chain caused by the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation KEGG pathway indicated that complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) and complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) might be compound SCU2028's main action targets. In addition, multiple experiments of qRT-PCR, enzyme activity detection, and molecular docking confirmed complex II and complex IV as targets. It could be seen that these findings provided a theoretical support for further research and development of the pyrazole carboxamide fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- College of Agroforestry and Health, Sichuan Radio and TV University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610073, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yiming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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13
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Gu Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Xia Z, Wei H. Genomic insights into a plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas koreensis strain with cyclic lipopeptide-mediated antifungal activity. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1092. [PMID: 32537904 PMCID: PMC7520995 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain S150 was isolated from the tobacco rhizosphere as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. It increased plant fresh weight significantly and lateral root development, and it antagonized plant pathogenic fungi but not phytobacteria. Further tests showed that strain S150 solubilized organic phosphate and produced ammonia, siderophore, protease, amylase, and cellulase, but it did not produce indole-3-acetic acid. Using morphology, physiological characteristics, and multi-locus sequence analysis, strain S150 was identified as Pseudomonas koreensis. The complete genome of strain S150 was sequenced, and it showed a single circular chromosome of 6,304,843 bp with a 61.09% G + C content. The bacterial genome contained 5,454 predicted genes that occupied 87.7% of the genome. Venn diagrams of the identified orthologous clusters of P. koreensis S150 with the other three sequenced P. koreensis strains revealed up to 4,167 homologous gene clusters that were shared among them, and 21 orthologous clusters were only present in the genome of strain S150. Genome mining of the bacterium P. koreensis S150 showed that the strain possessed 10 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, which included four clusters of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) involved in the biosynthesis of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs). One of the NRPSs possibly encoded lokisin, a cyclic lipopeptide produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas. Genomic mutation of the lokA gene, which is one of the three structural NRPS genes for lokisin in strain S150, led to a deficiency in fungal antagonism that could be restored fully by gene complementation. The results suggested that P. koreensis S150 is a novel plant growth-promoting agent with specific cyclic lipopeptides and contains a lokisin-encoding gene cluster that is dominant against plant fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and PreservationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Nan Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and PreservationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and PreservationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
| | - Zhenyuan Xia
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural ScienceKunmingChina
| | - Hai‐Lei Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and PreservationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijingChina
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Abstract
The low utilization rate of pesticides causes serious problems such as food safety and environmental pollution. Stimulus-responsive release can effectively improve the utilization rate of pesticides. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, as an early event of plant-pathogen interaction, can stimulate the release of pesticides. In this work, a polymeric micelle with ROS-responsive was prepared and then Validamycin (Vail) was loaded into polymeric micelle to prepare Vail-loaded polymeric micelle. The Vail-loaded polymeric micelle displayed excellent ROS-dependent release kinetics. In vitro and in vivo antifungal experiments confirmed that the Vail-loaded polymeric micelle could improve antifungal efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani than with the Vail reagent. Therefore, as a biostimulation and controlled release system, ROS-responsive polymeric micelles can improve the utilization rate of pesticides and alleviate the problem of food safety and environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongguo Xie
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunguang Zhang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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15
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Tippannanavar M, Verma A, Kumar R, Gogoi R, Kundu A, Patanjali N. Preparation of Nanofungicides Based on Imidazole Drugs and Their Antifungal Evaluation. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4566-4578. [PMID: 32227935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of modern crop protection measures, the overall crop losses due to pests and pathogens are huge. Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum are one of the most devastating soil-borne fungi and cause numerous plant diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically design and develop new nanofungicides based on imidazole drugs, clotrimazole, econazole nitrate, and miconazole nitrate, for effective and efficient management of plant diseases. The assessment of these antifungal medicines for their fungicide likeness using Hao's rule and their enzyme inhibitory potential by molecular docking was helpful in ensuring their utility as antifungal agents in managing phytopathogenic fungi. Nanotechnological strategies were used to develop nanoformulations of test compounds in poly(ethylene glycol) 300 for further augmenting their bioactivity. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the nanosize of the prepared products. Analysis of their in vitro and in vivo antifungal properties revealed their usefulness in controlling the test fungi, R. solani, M. phaseolina, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporum. Excellent in vitro antifungal activities were displayed by the clotrimazole nanoformulation with a median effective dose (ED50) of 1.18 μg/mL against R. solani, the econazole nitrate nanoformulation with an ED50 of 5.25 μg/mL against S. rolfsii, and the miconazole nitrate nanoformulation with an ED50 of 1.49 and 1.82 μg/mL against M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum. Furthermore, in vivo studies against test fungi demonstrated the antifungal potency of all the nanoformulations with disease incidences ranging from 11.11 to 27.38% in plants treated with nanoformulations of test chemicals as compared to the inoculated control (39.68-72.38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Tippannanavar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Ankita Verma
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Robin Gogoi
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Neeraj Patanjali
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
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Zhu JK, Gao JM, Yang CJ, Shang XF, Zhao ZM, Lawoe RK, Zhou R, Sun Y, Yin XD, Liu YQ. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Neocryptolepine Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2306-2315. [PMID: 31995378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neocryptolepine is an alkaloid isolated from traditional African herbal medicine Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, and its broad spectrum of biological activities has been illuminated in past decades. In this study, neocryptolepine and its derivatives (1-49) were designed and synthesized from economical and readily available starting materials. Their structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal profile against six agriculturally important fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), Fusarium graminearum, Mycosphaerella melonis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Magnaporthe oryzae. The results of in vitro assay revealed that compounds 5, 21, 24, 35, 40, 45, and 47 presented remarkable antifungal activity against the fungi tested with EC50 values lower than 1 μg/mL. Significantly, compound 24 displayed the most effective inhibitory potency against B. cinerea (EC50 = 0.07 μg/mL), and the data from in vivo experiments revealed that compound 24 demonstrated comparable protective activity with the positive control boscalid. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that compound 24 showed impressive spore germination inhibitory effectiveness and lower cytotoxicity than azoxystrobin, imparted on normal function of the cell membrane and cell wall, and arrested the normal function of the nucleus. Besides the excellent inhibitory activity against agriculturally important phytopathogenic fungi tested, the designed assemblage possesses several benefits with a high profile of variation in synthesized molecules, the ease of synthesis, and good cost-effectiveness of commercially available synthetic reagents, all of these have highlighted the potential worth of compound 24 as a new and highly efficient agricultural fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Mei Gao
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond Kobla Lawoe
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yin
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
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d’Errico G, Aloj V, Ventorino V, Bottiglieri A, Comite E, Ritieni A, Marra R, Bolletti Censi S, Flematti GR, Pepe O, Vinale F. Methyl t-butyl ether-degrading bacteria for bioremediation and biocontrol purposes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228936. [PMID: 32084150 PMCID: PMC7034917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of fifteen potential methyl t-butyl ether (MtBE)-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated soil. They have been identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Kocuria, Janibacter, Starkeya, Bosea, Mycolicibacterium, and Rhodovarius. Bacillus aryabhattai R1B, S. novella R8b, and M. mucogenicum R8i were able to grow using MtBE as carbon source, exhibiting different growth behavior and contaminant degradation ability. Their biocontrol ability was tested against various fungal pathogens. Both S. novella R8b and B. aryabhattai were effective in reducing the development of necrotic areas on leaves within 48 hours from Botritys cinerea and Alternaria alternata inoculation. Whereas, M. mucogenicum effectively controlled B. cinerea after 72 hours. Similar results were achieved using Pythium ultimum, in which the application of isolated bacteria increased seed germination. Only M. mucogenicum elicited tomato plants resistance against B. cinerea. This is the first report describing the occurrence of bioremediation and biocontrol activities in M. mucogenicum, B. aryabhattai and S. novella species. The production of maculosin and its antibiotic activity against Rhizoctonia solani has been reported for first time from S. novella. Our results highlight the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to achieve a consistent selection of bacterial strains useful for plant protection and bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada d’Errico
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Veronica Aloj
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Assunta Bottiglieri
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Ernesto Comite
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Marra
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | | | - Gavin R. Flematti
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici (NA), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Liu H, Huang J, Yang S, Li J, Zhou L. Chemical Composition, Algicidal, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Taiwania flousiana Gaussen. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040967. [PMID: 32093424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwania flousiana (T. flousiana) Gaussen is a precious wood in the family Taxodiaceae. This study investigated the chemical components of the essential oil from the stem bark of T. flousiana and its algicidal, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Sixty-nine compounds representing 89.70% of the stem bark essential oil were identified by GC-MS. The essential oil showed strong anti-algae, anti-bacteria, and anti-fungus activities against the tested species, and antioxidant activities. The IC50 values of the essential oil against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the total chlorophyll of Spirogyra communis (a species of algae), 24-96 h after the treatment, ranged from 31.77 to 84.92 μg/mL, while the IC50 values of butachlor ranged from 40.24 to 58.09 μg/mL. Ultrastructure changes revealed by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the main algicidal action sites were the chloroplast and cell wall. The essential oil showed antifungal activities on Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 287.94 μg/mL) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioiles (EC50 = 378.90 μg/mL). It also showed bactericidal activities on Ralstonia solanacearum and Staphylococcus aureus, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) being 18.66 and 16.75 mm, respectively at 40 μg/disk. Additionally, the essential oil possessed antioxidant activity estimated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method (IC50 = 33.51 μg/mL; IC50 value of the positive control ascorbic acid was 7.98 μg/mL). Thus, the essential oil of this plant might be used as a possible source of natural bioactive molecules in agrochemical industry as well as in food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Key Lab of Natural Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiguang Huang
- Key Lab of Natural Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Sifan Yang
- Organic Agriculture, Wageningen University and Research, Gelderland, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Lab of Natural Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Lab of Natural Pesticides & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Alsudani AA, Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi G. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) and Fusarium solani (Marti) causing damping-off disease in tomato with Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1456-1461. [PMID: 33274875 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1456.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Damping-off disease is one of the most reasons for low productively of tomato in the world, especially in Iraq. In the current study, two types of bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) were used to evaluate their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani and protecting the seeds of tomato and increasing their germination percentage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dual culture technique and Food poisoning technique were used to study the effect of bacteria on the growth of fungi understudy, and study the effect of bacterial filtrates on germination of tomato seeds. RESULTS A. chroococcum showed the strongest antagonistic activity followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 72.9-77.1 and 69.5-70.3% for R. solani and F. solani respectively after 7 days of incubation. The effect of A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens filtrates were increased and also increased the inhibition of growth of fungi understudy, A. chroococcum filtrate also showed the strongest inhibitory effect followed by P. fluorescens with the percentage of inhibition ranging between 86.0-87.0 and 83.0-83.5% for R. solani and F. solani respectively at 20% concentration of filtrate. The percentage of seeds germination reached 90% in the treatment of A. chroococcum filtrate and 80% in the treatment of P. fluorescens filtrate. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the filtrates of A. chroococcum and P. fluorescens have antifungal properties against R. solani and F. solani and provided a high protection and increasing tomato seeds germination percentage.
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Chávez-Ramírez B, Kerber-Díaz JC, Acoltzi-Conde MC, Ibarra JA, Vásquez-Murrieta MS, Estrada-de Los Santos P. Inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani RhCh-14 and Pythium ultimum PyFr-14 by Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017 and Burkholderia cenocepacia CACua-24: A proposal for biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Microbiol Res 2020; 230:126347. [PMID: 31586859 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol has emerged in recent years as an alternative to pesticides. Given the importance of environmental preservation using biocontrol, in this study two antagonistic bacteria against phytopathogenic fungi were isolated and evaluated. These bacterial strains, identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa NMA1017 and Burkholderia cenocepacia CACua-24, inhibited (70 to 80%) the development of two phytopathogens of economic importance: the fungus Rhizoctonia solani RhCh-14, isolated from chili pepper, and the oomycete Pythium ultimum PyFr-14, isolated from tomato. The spectrum was not limited to the previous pathogens, but also to other phytopathogenic fungus, some bacteria and other oomycetes. Fungi-bacteria microcultures observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed hyphae disintegration and pores formation. The antifungal activity was found also in the supernatant, suggesting a diffusible compound is present. Innocuous tests on tobacco leaves, blood agar, bean seed germination and in Galleria mellonella larvae showed that strain NMA1017 has the potential to be a biocontrol agent. Greenhouse experiments with bean plants inoculated with P. polymyxa exhibited the efficacy to inhibit the growth of R. solani and P. ultimum. Furthermore, P. polymyxa NMA1017 showed plant growth promotion activities, such as siderophore synthesis and nitrogen fixation which can contribute to the crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Chávez-Ramírez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeniffer Chris Kerber-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Marí Carmen Acoltzi-Conde
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María-Soledad Vásquez-Murrieta
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Paulina Estrada-de Los Santos
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tang Y, Hou S, Yang Y, Cheng D, Gao B, Wan Y, Li YC, Yu Z, Yao Y, Xie J. Cu(II)-Based Water-Dispersible Humic Acid: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Antifungal and Growth-Promoting Performances. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12987-13000. [PMID: 31682431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex synthesis process, low utilization, and single function of fungicides have seriously hindered the development of fungicides in resistance to rice sheath blight. Here, an inexpensive and multifunctional Cu(II)-based water-dispersible humic acid (Cu-WH) fungicide with growth-promoting ability was developed with a simple method. A 3D molybdate carbon hierarchical nanosphere (MoO2-C-HN) catalyst was successfully synthesized using a green route and applied in a solid-phase activation of lignite to obtain water-dispersible humic acid. Cu(II)-based water-dispersible humic acid (Cu-WH) was then formed through a simple reaction of Cu(II) and the humic acid. The resultant Cu-WH showed strong antifungal performance against Rhizoctonia solani in laboratory incubation experiments. After being treated with Cu3-WH (0.1 mg L-1), the control efficiency of rice sheath blight at 1, 3, and 5 days after infection was 90.54%, 78.96%, and 66.31%, respectively. It also enhanced the water-holding capacity of the substrate and thus effectively improved the growth of rice seedlings. In comparison to commercial rice seedling substrate, the substrate treated with 8 wt % of Cu3-WH increased plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content by 19.23%, 35.91%, 14.52%, and 42.85%, respectively. The newly developed Cu-WH thus can be used as a novel low-cost efficient fungicide and growth stimulator to treat rice sheath blight as well as to increase rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Shanmin Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yuechao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
- Economic and Technological Development Zone , Baoyuan Bio-Agri Technology Ltd. , Chengdu Street No. 8 , Yantai , Shandong 264006 , China
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS , University of Florida , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Dongdong Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Bin Gao
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Yongshan Wan
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS , University of Florida , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Yuncong C Li
- Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS , University of Florida , Homestead , Florida 33031 , United States
| | - Zhen Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
| | - Jiazhuo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Use of Soil and Fertilizer Resources; National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and Environment , Shandong Agricultural University , Daizong Street No. 61 , Taian , Shandong 271018 , China
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He R, Mai B, Fan J, Jiang Y, Chen G, Guo D, Chen G, Yao X, Gao H, Zhang W. Identification, Quantification, and Stereoselective Degradation of Triazole Fungicide Cyproconazole in Two Matrixes through Chiral Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10782-10790. [PMID: 31490683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Systematic investigation of cyproconazole, including absolute stereochemistry, fungicidal activity, quantification in two matrixes, and stereoselective degradation in cucumber, are conducted in this study. By virtue of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, absolute configurations of four stereoisomers were identified to be (2R,3R)-(+)-, (2R,3S)-(+)-, (2S,3S)-(-)-, and (2S,3R)-(-)-cyproconazoles. Then four stereoisomers exhibited stereoselective fungicidal activities against Fusarium graminearum Schw and Magnaporthe oryzae, and the order of fungicidal activity was (2S,3S)-(-)-stereoisomer > the stereoisomer mixture > (2S,3R)-(-)-stereoisomer > (2R,3R)-(+)-stereoisomer > (2R,3S)-(+)-stereoisomer. Moreover, chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify cyproconazole stereoisomers in soil and cucumber matrixes. Good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99) and recoveries (86.79-92.47%, RSD ≤ 3.94%) for them were achieved, individually. Furthermore, stereoselective degradation of four cyproconazole stereoisomers was observed in cucumber and the order of degradation rate was (2R,3R)-(+)-cyproconazole > (2S,3S)-(-)-cyproconazole > (2R,3S)-(+)-cyproconazole > (2S,3R)-(-)-cyproconazole. We envision that such systematic assessments of chiral fungicides at an enantiomeric level would provide valuable information in future studies involving enantioselective physiological, metabolic, and toxicological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujian He
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Binliang Mai
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Gui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Guangzhou Research & Creativity Biotechnology Co. Ltd. , Guangzhou 510663 , P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China
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Polano C, Martini M, Savian F, Moruzzi S, Ermacora P, Firrao G. Genome Sequence and Antifungal Activity of Two Niche-Sharing Pseudomonas protegens Related Strains Isolated from Hydroponics. Microb Ecol 2019; 77:1025-1035. [PMID: 30088023 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the comparison of the genome sequence and the ability to inhibit fungal growth of two Pseudomonas protegens related strains that were isolated from the same hydroponic culture of lamb's lettuce. The two strains were very similar in their core genome but one strain, Pf4, contained three gene clusters for the production of secondary metabolites, i.e., pyoluteorin (plt), pyrrolnitrin (prn), and rhizoxin (rzx), that were missing in the other strain, Pf11. The difference between the two strains was not due to simple insertion events, but to a relatively complex differentiation focused on the accessory genomes. In dual culture assays, both strains inhibited nearly all tested fungal strains, yet Pf4 exerted a significantly stronger fungal growth inhibition than Pf11. In addition to the differences in the secondary metabolite production associated genes abundance, the genome of Pf4 was more stable, smaller in size and with a lower number of transposons. The preservation of a dynamic equilibrium within natural populations of different strains comprised in the same species but differing in their secondary metabolite repertoire and in their genome stability may be functional to the adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Polano
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Savian
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Serena Moruzzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firrao
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, Rome, Italy.
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Zhang ZJ, Jiang ZY, Zhu Q, Zhong GH. Discovery of β-Carboline Oxadiazole Derivatives as Fungicidal Agents against Rice Sheath Blight. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:9598-9607. [PMID: 30134651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of β-carboline oxadiazoles were synthesized, and their fungicidal activities and mechanism of action against rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani was evaluated. The results showed that all of these compounds exhibited significant in vitro fungicidal activity. Significantly, compound 5i (EC50 = 4.2 μg/mL) displayed the best efficacy and superior fungicidal activity compared to validamycin A (EC50 = 197.6 μg/mL). Moreover, the in vivo test also demonstrated that compound 5i could effectively control rice sheath blight and showed higher in vivo protective and curative activities against R. solani than validamycin A. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that compound 5i caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane destruction, and DNA synthesis interference. These findings indicated that compound 5i displayed superior fungicidal activities against R. solani and could be a potential fungicidal candidate against rice sheath blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Zhao W, Fu R, Fu C, Wang L, Liu H, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Li P, Zheng A. Comparison of gene co-networks reveals the molecular mechanisms of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA infection. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:545-557. [PMID: 29730773 PMCID: PMC6097106 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani causes rice sheath blight, an important disease affecting the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Attempts to control the disease have met with little success. Based on transcriptional profiling, we previously identified more than 11,947 common differentially expressed genes (TPM > 10) between the rice genotypes TeQing and Lemont. In the current study, we extended these findings by focusing on an analysis of gene co-expression in response to R. solani AG1 IA and identified gene modules within the networks through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We compared the different genes assigned to each module and the biological interpretations of gene co-expression networks at early and later modules in the two rice genotypes to reveal differential responses to AG1 IA. Our results show that different changes occurred in the two rice genotypes and that the modules in the two groups contain a number of candidate genes possibly involved in pathogenesis, such as the VQ protein. Furthermore, these gene co-expression networks provide comprehensive transcriptional information regarding gene expression in rice in response to AG1 IA. The co-expression networks derived from our data offer ideas for follow-up experimentation that will help advance our understanding of the translational regulation of rice gene expression changes in response to AG1 IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Rong Fu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chenglin Fu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Huainian Liu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Crop Major Disease, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Song X, Liu C, Chen P, Zhang H, Sun R. Natural Product-Based Pesticide Discovery: Design, Synthesis and Bioactivity Studies of N-Amino-Maleimide Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E1521. [PMID: 29937519 PMCID: PMC6099656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are an important source of pesticide discovery. A series of N-amino-maleimide derivatives containing hydrazone group were designed and synthesized based on the structure of linderone and methyllinderone which were isolated from Lindera erythrocarpa Makino. According to the bioassay results, compounds 2 and 3 showed 60% inhibition against mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens) at 0.25 µg·mL−1. Furthermore, the results of antifungal tests indicated that most compounds exhibited much better antifungal activities against fourteen phytopathogenic fungi than linderone and methyllinderone and some compounds exhibited better antifungal activities than commercial fungicides (carbendazim and chlorothalonil) at 50 µg·mL−1. In particular, compound 12 exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity (>50% inhibitory activities against 11 phytopathogenic fungi) and compounds 12 and 14 displayed 60.6% and 47.9% inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia cerealis at 12.5 µg·mL−1 respectively. Furthermore, compound 17 was synthesized, which lacks N-substituent at maleimide and its poor antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia cerealis at 50 µg·mL−1 showed that the backbone structure of N-amino-maleimide derivatives containing hydrazone group was important to the antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Song
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- School of Chemical & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Peiqi Chen
- School of Chemical & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemical & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Ranfeng Sun
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang C, Liu S, Liao X. Effects and inhibition mechanism of phenazine-1-carboxamide on the mycelial morphology and ultrastructure of Rhizoctonia solani. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 147:32-39. [PMID: 29933990 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) on Rhizoctonia solani and to elucidate its mechanisms of action. The toxicity of PCN to R. solani was measured using a growth rate method. The results indicated that PCN inhibited R. solani with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 9.0934μg/mL. The mycelia of R. solani were then exposed to 18.18μg/mL (2EC50) of PCN. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the effects of PCN on mycelial morphology and ultrastructure. Following the PCN treatment, the optical microscopy observations revealed that the mycelia appeared twisted; the branching mycelia grew, but the main mycelia did not grow following branching; and the mycelial roots possessed more vacuoles. SEM observations revealed that the mycelia were locally swollen and exhibited a sharp decrease in prominence. TEM observations showed that the cell wall became thin and deformed; the mitochondria disappeared; the septum twisted; and most of the organelles were difficult to discern. Conversely, all of the organelles could be clearly observed in the control. We then used real-time quantitative PCR and an enzyme activity testing kit to further explore the effects of PCN on the cell wall and mitochondria. Physiological and biochemical results demonstrated that both the cell wall and mitochondria constitute are PCN targets. PCN inhibited the activities of chitin synthetase and complex I of the mitochondria electron transport chain. Molecular experiments demonstrated that PCN controlled the growth of R. solani mycelia by inhibiting the expression level of chitin synthetase genes. Future research on PCN should investigate its influence on metabolic pathways, thereby aiding in the potential development of novel pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Xiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Science College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Plant Pests, Changsha, China.
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Mookherjee A, Bera P, Mitra A, Maiti MK. Characterization and Synergistic Effect of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by the Geotrichum candidum PF005, an Endophytic Fungus from the Eggplant. Microb Ecol 2018; 75:647-661. [PMID: 28894891 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes are recognized as sources of novel bioactive molecules having diverse applications. In this study, an endophytic yeast-like fungal strain was isolated from the fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and identified as Geotrichum candidum through phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. This endophytic G. candidum isolate PF005 was found to emit fruity scented volatiles. The compositional profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) revealed the presence of 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, 2-phenylethanol, isopentyl acetate, naphthalene, and isobutyl acetate in significant proportion when analyzed on a time-course basis. The VOCs from G. candidum exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition (54%) of phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, besides having mild antifungal activity against a few other fungi. The source of carbon as a nutrient was found to be an important factor for the enhanced biosynthesis of antifungal VOCs. The antifungal activity against phytopathogen R. solani was improved up to 91% by feeding the G. candidum with selective precursors of alcohol and ester volatiles. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of VOCs was enhanced synergistically up to 92% upon the exogenous addition of naphthalene (1.0 mg/plate). This is the first report of G. candidum as an endophyte emitting antifungal VOCs, wherein 2-penylethanol, isopentyl acetate, and naphthalene were identified as important contributors to its antifungal activity. Possible utilization of G. candidum PF005 as a mycofumigant has been discussed based upon its antifungal activity and the qualified presumption of safety status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Mookherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Paramita Bera
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Ibrahim M, Kaushik N, Sowemimo A, Chhipa H, Koekemoer T, van de Venter M, Odukoya OA. Antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:590-595. [PMID: 27937112 PMCID: PMC6130725 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5-7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91-250 μg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC50 was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2 h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL. RESULTS Fungal endophytes Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Syncephalastrum racemosum were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa. Isolated endophytic fungal strains and solvent extracts showed MIC value of 1000 μg/mL against tested pathogenic fungi in the dual culture and poisoning food assays. Methanol fraction of S. racemosum isolate showed the most effective antiproliferative activity with IC50 of 43.56 μg/mL. Minimal feeding deterrent activity against S. litura larvae was also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings showed that the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa harbor strains of endophytic fungi with promising health benefits, and suggest their antifungal and antiproliferative effects against pathogenic fungi and HeLa cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiat Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Abimbola Sowemimo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hemraj Chhipa
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Trevor Koekemoer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Olukemi A. Odukoya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine campus, Lagos, Nigeria
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Niu J, Nie D, Yu D, Wu Q, Yu L, Yao Z, Du X, Li J. Synthesis, fungicidal activity and phloem mobility of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid-alanine conjugates. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 143:8-13. [PMID: 29183614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) is a natural product that has been proven effective against a number of soil-borne fungal phytopathogens and registered for biofungicide against rice sheath blight in China. In order to improve the phloem mobility of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), four PCA derivatives were designed and synthesized by conjugating PCA with l-alanine methyl ester, d-alanine methyl ester, l-alanine and d-alanine respectively. In vitro and planta bioassays results showed that conjugates L-PAM and D-PAM exhibited higher fungicidal activities against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn than PCA while L-PA and D-PA were less active than PCA. The concentration of conjugates in Ricinus communis phloem sap was determined by HPLC. The results showed that only L-PA exhibited phloem mobility among these conjugates, and its concentration in Ricinus communis phloem sap increased with the increase of time (the maximum concentration was 12.69μM within 5h). However, the results of pot experiments showed that L-PA and other conjugates didn't exhibited the inhibition for the growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn in the lower leaves after treatment in the upper leaves of rice seedlings. This may be due to the poor plant absorbility for them or their too little amount of accumulation in the lower leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfan Niu
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Danyue Nie
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Diya Yu
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Qinglai Wu
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Linhua Yu
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Zongli Yao
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Du
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China.
| | - Junkai Li
- Agricultural School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, PR China.
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Liu Y, Hassan S, Kidd BN, Garg G, Mathesius U, Singh KB, Anderson JP. Ethylene Signaling Is Important for Isoflavonoid-Mediated Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Roots of Medicago truncatula. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2017; 30:691-700. [PMID: 28510484 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0057-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The root-infecting necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctoniasolani causes significant disease to all the world's major food crops. As a model for pathogenesis of legumes, we have examined the interaction of R. solani AG8 with Medicago truncatula. RNAseq analysis of the moderately resistant M. truncatula accession A17 and highly susceptible sickle (skl) mutant (defective in ethylene sensing) identified major early transcriptional reprogramming in A17. Responses specific to A17 included components of ethylene signaling, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and consistent upregulation of the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Mass spectrometry revealed accumulation of the isoflavonoid-related compounds liquiritigenin, formononetin, medicarpin, and biochanin A in A17. Overexpression of an isoflavone synthase in M. truncatula roots increased isoflavonoid accumulation and resistance to R. solani. Addition of exogenous medicarpin suggested this phytoalexin may be one of several isoflavonoids required to contribute to resistance to R. solani. Together, these results provide evidence for the role of ethylene-mediated accumulation of isoflavonoids during defense against root pathogens in legumes. The involvement of ethylene signaling and isoflavonoids in the regulation of both symbiont-legume and pathogen-legume interactions in the same tissue may suggest tight regulation of these responses are required in the root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- 1 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, Western Australia
- 2 Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Samira Hassan
- 3 Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; and
| | - Brendan N Kidd
- 1 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, Western Australia
| | - Gagan Garg
- 1 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, Western Australia
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- 3 Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; and
| | - Karam B Singh
- 1 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, Western Australia
- 4 The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Jonathan P Anderson
- 1 CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Floreat, Western Australia
- 4 The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
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Karmakar S, Molla KA, Das K, Sarkar SN, Datta SK, Datta K. Dual gene expression cassette is superior than single gene cassette for enhancing sheath blight tolerance in transgenic rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7900. [PMID: 28801565 PMCID: PMC5554252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is a serious and destructive disease of the rice. In order to improve sheath blight resistance, we developed three different kinds of transgenic rice lines. The first transgenic line overexpresses the rice chitinase gene (OsCHI11); the second contains the Arabidopsis NPR1 (AtNPR1) gene and, the third has pyramided constructs with both the genes (OsCHI11 and AtNPR1). This is a comparative study between the single-gene transgenic lines and the double gene transgenic in terms of their ability to activate the plant defense system. Rice plants of each individual construct were screened via PCR, Southern hybridization, activity assays, and expression analysis. The best transgenic lines of each construct were chosen for comparative study. The fold change in qRT-PCR and activity assays revealed that the pyramided transgenic rice plants show a significant upregulation of defense-related genes, PR genes, and antioxidant marker genes as compared to the single transgene. Simultaneous co-expression of both the genes was found to be more efficient in tolerating oxidative stress. In R. solani (RS) toxin assay, mycelial agar disc bioassay, and in vivo plant bioassay, pyramided transgenic plant lines were more competent at restricting the pathogen development and enhancing sheath blight tolerance as compared to single gene transformants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Karmakar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Kutubuddin A Molla
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sailendra Nath Sarkar
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapan K Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
- Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, India
| | - Karabi Datta
- Laboratory of Translational Research on Transgenic Crops, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Oancea F, Georgescu E, Matusova R, Georgescu F, Nicolescu A, Raut I, Jecu ML, Vladulescu MC, Vladulescu L, Deleanu C. New Strigolactone Mimics as Exogenous Signals for Rhizosphere Organisms. Molecules 2017; 22:E961. [PMID: 28598371 PMCID: PMC6152683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of strigolactones in plant biology prompted us to synthesize simplified strigolactone mimics effective as exogenous signals for rhizosphere organisms. New strigolactone mimics easily derived from simple and available starting materials in significant amounts were prepared and fully characterized. These compounds contain an aromatic or heterocyclic ring, usually present in various bioactive molecules, connected by an ether link to a furan-2-one moiety. The new synthesized strigolactone mimics were confirmed to be active on plant pathogenic fungi and parasitic weed seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Oancea
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry & Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, RO-060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Emilian Georgescu
- Research Center Oltchim, St. Uzinei 1, RO-240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania.
| | - Radoslava Matusova
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center SAS, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, PO Box 39A, 95007 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Florentina Georgescu
- Research Department Teso Spec S. R. L., Str. Muncii 53, RO-915200 Fundulea, Romania.
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, RO-060023 Bucharest, Romania.
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Iuliana Raut
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry & Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, RO-060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria-Luiza Jecu
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry & Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, RO-060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - Lucian Vladulescu
- Research Department Teso Spec S. R. L., Str. Muncii 53, RO-915200 Fundulea, Romania.
| | - Calin Deleanu
- Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, RO-060023 Bucharest, Romania.
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
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Jaaffar AKM, Parejko JA, Paulitz TC, Weller DM, Thomashow LS. Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia Isolates to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid and Biological Control by Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas spp. Phytopathology 2017; 107:692-703. [PMID: 28383281 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-16-0257-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis groups (AG)-8 and AG-2-1 and R. oryzae are ubiquitous in cereal-based cropping systems of the Columbia Plateau of the Inland Pacific Northwest and commonly infect wheat. AG-8 and R. oryzae, causal agents of Rhizoctonia root rot and bare patch, are most commonly found in fields in the low-precipitation zone, whereas R. solani AG-2-1 is much less virulent on wheat and is distributed in fields throughout the low-, intermediate-, and high-precipitation zones. Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) also are abundant in the rhizosphere of crops grown in the low-precipitation zone but their broader geographic distribution and effect on populations of Rhizoctonia is unknown. To address these questions, we surveyed the distribution of PCA producers (Phz+) in 59 fields in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the Columbia Plateau. Phz+ Pseudomonas spp. were detected in 37 of 59 samples and comprised from 0 to 12.5% of the total culturable heterotrophic aerobic rhizosphere bacteria. The frequency with which individual plants were colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads ranged from 0 to 100%. High and moderate colonization frequencies of Phz+ pseudomonads were associated with roots from fields located in the driest areas whereas only moderate and low colonization frequencies were associated with crops where higher annual precipitation occurs. Thus, the geographic distribution of Phz+ pseudomonads overlaps closely with the distribution of R. solani AG-8 but not with that of R. oryzae or R. solani AG-2-1. Moreover, linear regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant inverse relationship between annual precipitation and the frequency of rhizospheres colonized by Phz+ pseudomonads. Phz+ pseudomonads representative of the four major indigenous species (P. aridus, P. cerealis, P. orientalis, and P. synxantha) suppressed Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat when applied as seed treatments. In vitro, mean 50% effective dose values for isolates of AG-8 and AG-2-1 from fields with high and low frequencies of phenazine producers did not differ significantly, nor was there a correlation between virulence of an isolate and sensitivity to PCA, resulting in rejection of the hypothesis that tolerance in Rhizoctonia spp. to PCA develops in nature upon exposure to Phz+ pseudomonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
| | - James A Parejko
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
| | - Timothy C Paulitz
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
| | - David M Weller
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- First and second authors: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6430; and third, fourth, and fifth authors: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6430
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Hu W, Pan X, Abbas HMK, Li F, Dong W. Metabolites contributing to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA maturation and sclerotial differentiation revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177464. [PMID: 28489938 PMCID: PMC5425210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a causative agent of sheath blight, which results in huge economic losses every year. During its life cycle, the formation of sclerotia helps Rhizoctonia solani withstand a variety of unfavorable factors. Oxidative stress is a key factor that induces sclerotium formation. The differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes of R. solani AG-1-IA were obtained by controlling aerial conditions. Metabolomics based on the mass spectrometry technique combined with multivariate and univariate analyses was used to investigate the metabolic variation in vegetative, differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. Our results revealed that during maturation, the metabolic levels of N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, 3,1'-(OH)2-Gamma-carotene, (5Z,7E)-(1S,3R)-24,24-difluoro-24a-homo-9,10-seco-5,7,10(19)-cholestatrien-1,3,25-triol, stoloniferone O, PA(O-18:0/12:0), PA(P-16:0/14:0), PA(P-16:0/16:(19Z)) and PA(P-16:0/17:2(9Z,12Z)) were suppressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated mycelia. The concentrations of PE(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)), PE(P-16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)(15OH[S])) and PS(12:0/18:1(9Z)) were increased in the differentiated group, while increased levels of N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine, tenuazonic acid and 9S,10S,11R-trihydroxy-12Z,15Z-octadecadienoic acid were found in the undifferentiated group. Our results suggest that different levels of these metabolites may act as biomarkers for the developmental stages of R. solani AG-1-IA. Moreover, the mechanisms of sclerotium formation and mycelium differentiation were elucidated at the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinli Pan
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Khalid Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wubei Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Shi D, An R, Zhang W, Zhang G, Yu Z. Stilbene Derivatives from Photorhabdus temperata SN259 and Their Antifungal Activities against Phytopathogenic Fungi. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:60-65. [PMID: 27960253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an insect pathogenic enterobacterium, Photorhabdus temperata SN259, led to the isolation and identification of seven metabolites, which include three new compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-phenethylphenyl carbamate, 1, 2-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[2-phenylethyl]benzene-1,3-diol, 2, 2-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol, 3, and four known metabolites (4-7). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR data and by comparison with those reported previously. The activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated against four phytopathogenic fungi (Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Exserohilum turcicum, and Fusarium oxysporum). In an agar medium assay, compounds 1 and 7 showed strong inhibition against P. aphanidermatum with EC50 values of 2.8 and 2.7 μg/mL, respectively. By comparing the structure of compounds 1-7, we deduced that the acylamino group in compound 1 and the isopropyl group in compound 7 contribute to the inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danshu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture , Tianjin 300191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
- Engineering & Technological Research Center of Biopesticide for Liaoning Province , Shenyang 110866, People's Republic of China
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Qu T, Gao S, Li J, Hao JJ, Ji P. Synthesis and antifungal activity of 2-allylphenol derivatives against fungal plant pathogens. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 135:47-51. [PMID: 28043330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Allylphenol (2-AP) is an effective fungicide against a number of plant pathogens, which can be metabolized and bio-transformed to four chemical compounds by Rhizoctonia cerealis. To determine if its degradation affects antifungal activity, two major metabolites derived from 2-AP including 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol and 2-(3-hydroxypropyl) phenol were synthesized. Inhibition of mycelial growth of several plant pathogens by the metabolites was evaluated, and structures of two metabolites were determined by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Among these metabolites, only 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol inhibited test pathogens effectively. EC50 values of 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol for inhibition of mycelial growth of R. cerealis, Pythium aphanidermatum, Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea ranged from 1.0 to 23.5μg/ml, which were lower than the parental fungicide 2-AP that ranged from 8.2 to 48.8μg/ml. Hyphae of R. cerealis and P. aphanidermatum treated with 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol were twisted. Newly developed hyphae were slender, twisted and swollen on the tip, while old hyphae were hollow and ruptured. This is the first report indicating the formation of 2-(2-hydroxypropyl) phenol may have contributed to toxicity of 2-allylphenol in control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Qu
- Chemistry and Pharmacy College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong 266109, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
| | - Shumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Seed and Plant Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Seed and Plant Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianjun J Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Pingsheng Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA
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Hewavitharana SS, Mazzola M. Carbon Source-Dependent Effects of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Soil Microbiome and Suppression of Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and Pratylenchus penetrans. Phytopathology 2016; 106:1015-28. [PMID: 27143411 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-15-0329-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carbon source on efficacy of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) toward suppression of apple root infection by Rhizoctonia solani AG-5 and Pratylenchus penetrans was examined. Orchard grass (GR), rice bran (RB), ethanol (ET), composted steer manure (CM), and Brassica juncea seed meal (SM) were used as ASD carbon inputs, with plant assays conducted in natural and pasteurized orchard soils. Subsequent studies investigated the effect of GR application rate used in ASD on control of these pathogens. In general, apple root infection by R. solani AG-5 was significantly lower in ET, GR, RB, and SM ASD treatments compared with the control. Among different ASD treatments, apple seedling growth was significantly greater when GR or SM was used as the carbon input relative to all other ASD treatments. R. solani AG-5 DNA abundance was significantly reduced in all ASD treatments, regardless of amendment type, compared with the control. In independent experiments, ASD-GR was consistently superior to ASD-CM for limiting pathogen activity in soils. ASD treatment with a grass input rate of 20 t ha(-1) provided superior suppression of P. penetrans but grass application rate did not affect ASD efficacy in control of R. solani AG-5. The soil microbiome from ASD-GR-treated soils was clearly distinct from the control and ASD-CM-treated soils. In contrast, composition of the microbiome from control and ASD-CM-treated soils could not be differentiated. Comparative results from pasteurized and nonpasteurized soils suggest that there is potential for GR based ASD treatment to recruit microbial elements that persist over the anaerobic phase of soil incubation, which may functionally contribute to disease suppression. When ASD was conducted with GR, microbial diversity was markedly reduced relative to the control or ASD-CM soil suggesting that this parameter, typically associated with system resilience, was not instrumental to the function of ASD-induced soil suppressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashika S Hewavitharana
- First author: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee 98801; and second author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801
| | - Mark Mazzola
- First author: Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee 98801; and second author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801
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Mnif I, Grau-Campistany A, Coronel-León J, Hammami I, Triki MA, Manresa A, Ghribi D. Purification and identification of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 lipopeptide biosurfactant exhibiting antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia bataticola and Rhizoctonia solani. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6690-6699. [PMID: 26645234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the potential of a soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis strain SPB1, to produce lipopeptide biosurfactants. Firstly, the crude lipopeptide mixture was tested for its inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), an inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50%), and an inhibitory concentration at 90% (IC90%) values were determined to be 0.04, 0.012, and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, for Rhizoctonia bataticola with a fungistatic mode of action. For Rhizoctonia solani, a MIC, an IC50%, and IC90% values were determined to be 4, 0.25, and 3.3 mg/ml, respectively, with a fungicidal mode of action. For both of the fungi, a loss of sclerotial integrity, granulation and fragmentation of hyphal mycelia, followed by hyphal shriveling and cell lysis were observed with the treatment with SPB1 biosurfactant fraction. After extraction, separation, and purification, different lipopeptide compounds were identified in the culture filtrate of strain SPB1. Mass spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of different lipopeptide compounds consisting of surfactin isoforms with molecular weights of 1007, 1021, and 1035 Da; iturin isoforms with molecular weights of 1028, 1042, and 1056 Da; and fengycin isoforms with molecular weights of 1432 and 1446 Da. Two new clusters of lipopeptide isoforms with molecular weights of 1410 and 1424 Da and 973 and 987 Da, respectively, were also detected. This study reported the ability of a B. subtilis strain to co-produce lipopeptide isoforms with potential use as antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Mnif
- Unit "Enzymes and Bioconversion," National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Inès Mnif, Unité "Enzyme et Bioconversion," ENIS, BP W 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ariadna Grau-Campistany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Coronel-León
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inès Hammami
- Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, 7119, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Triki
- Laboratory "Amélioration et Protection des Ressources Génétiques de l'Olivier," Institut de l'Olivier, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Angeles Manresa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dhouha Ghribi
- Unit "Enzymes and Bioconversion," National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Huang X, Liu L, Wen T, Zhang J, Wang F, Cai Z. Changes in the soil microbial community after reductive soil disinfestation and cucumber seedling cultivation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5581-93. [PMID: 26875875 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) has been proven to be an effective and environmentally friendly way to control many soilborne pathogens and diseases. In this study, the RSDs using ethanol (Et-RSD) and alfalfa (Al-RSD) as organic carbons were performed in a Rhizoctonia solani-infected soil, and the dissimilarities of microbial communities during the RSDs and after planting two seasons of cucumber seedlings in the RSDs-treated soil were respectively investigated by MiSeq pyrosequencing. The results showed that, as for bacteria, Coprococcus, Flavisolibacter, Rhodanobacter, Symbiobacterium, and UC-Ruminococcaceae became the dominant bacterial genera at the end of Al-RSD. In contrast, Et-RSD soil involved more bacteria belonging to Firmicutes, such as Sedimentibacter, UC-Gracilibacteraceae, and Desulfosporosinus. For fungi, Chaetomium significantly increased at the end of RSDs, while Rhizoctonia and Aspergillus significantly decreased. After planting two seasons of cucumber seedlings, those bacteria belonging to Firmicutes significantly decreased, but Lysobacter and Rhodanobacter belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria as well as UC-Sordariales and Humicola belonging to Ascomycota alternatively increased in Al- and Et-RSD-treated soils. Besides, some nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogen fixation genes were apparently increased in the RSD-treated soils, but the effect was more profound in Al-RSD than Et-RSD. Overall, Et-RSD could induced more antagonists belonging to Firmicutes under anaerobic condition, whereas Al-RSD could continuously stimulate some functional microorganisms (Lysobacter and Rhodanobacter) and further improve nitrogen transformation activities in the soil at the coming cropping season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Teng Wen
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zucong Cai
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographical Environment (VGE), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Shehata HR, Lyons EM, Jordan KS, Raizada MN. Relevance of in vitro agar based screens to characterize the anti-fungal activities of bacterial endophyte communities. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:8. [PMID: 26772737 PMCID: PMC4715354 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytes are microbes that inhabit internal plant tissues without causing disease. Plant microbial communities consist of large numbers of endophyte species. Understanding the functions of these endophytes is a major challenge. An important function of some endophytes is to suppress fungal pathogens. Typically, plant associated microbes are screened for anti-fungal activities in vitro using the high-throughput dual culture screen, but it is not clear whether this method correlates with the activities of these microbes in planta. Furthermore, it is not clear whether in vitro screening captures all of the microbes that show this activity inside plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the in vitro dual culture method for screening endophytes with anti-fungal activity. RESULTS In parallel, 190 bacterial endophytes from the corn grass family (Zea) were screened for suppression of two fungal pathogens (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Rhizoctonia solani) using the in vitro dual culture method, and in planta using the model plant, creeping bentgrass. All endophytes that showed anti-fungal activity in planta against Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and Rhizoctonia solani (3 or 4 strains, respectively, out of 190), were captured in vitro. The in vitro and in planta screening results strongly correlated (r = 0.81 and r = 0.94 for the two pathogens, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Evidence was gained here that the in vitro dual culture method is a relevant method for high throughput screening of plant endophyte communities for anti-fungal activity. In our study, the method captured all of the microbes that suppressed the corresponding pathogens in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R Shehata
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eric M Lyons
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Katerina S Jordan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Manish N Raizada
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhao C, Cao L, Huang Q, Wu Y. Enhanced Germicidal Efficacy by Co-Delivery of Validamycin and Hexaconazole with Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:152-159. [PMID: 27398440 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-delivery system has been proposed in pharmaceutical field aim to synergistic treatments. The combination formulation is also important in traditional pesticides formulations based on the low pest resistance risk and wide fungicidal spectrum. However, co-delivery nanoparticles (NPs) tend to be more environmentally friendly for the sustained-release behaviour and none of toxic organic solvents or dusts. Hence, we constructed co-delivery NPs which could delivery two kinds of pesticides, which function was similar with pesticides combination formulation. The co-delivery NPs of validamycin and hexaconazole were prepared with the amphiphilic copolymer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)- poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) used an improved double emulsion method. The chemical structure of mPEG-PLGA copolymer was confirmed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The co-delivery NPs all exhibited good size distribution and held sustained-release property. Germicidal efficacy of the co-delivery NPs against Rhizoctonia cerealis was also studied. The germicidal efficacy of co-delivery NPs against Rhizoctonia cerealis was better than that of traditional pesticides formulation. In addition, co-delivery NPs showed a lasting impact against Rhizoctonia cerealis.
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Yue Y, Yu H, Li R, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Exploring the Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Jellyfish-Associated Marine Fungi by Cultivation-Dependent Approaches. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144394. [PMID: 26637162 PMCID: PMC4670088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi isolated from marine invertebrates are of considerable importance as new promising sources of unique secondary metabolites with significant biomedical potential. However, the cultivable fungal community harbored in jellyfish was less investigated. In this work, we seek to recover symbiotic fungi from different tissues of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. A total of seven morphotypes were isolated, which were assigned into four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Purpureocillium, and Tilletiopsis) from two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by comparing the rDNA-ITS sequences with the reference sequences in GenBank. The most fungi were found in the inner tissues of subumbrella. Two of the cultivation-independent procedures, changing media type and co-cultivation, were employed to maximize the complexity of metabolites. Thus, thirteen EtOAc gum were obtained and fingerprinted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of these complex mixtures were tested against a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The antimicrobial results showed that all of the 13 EtOAc extracts displayed different levels of antibacterial activity, three of which exhibited strong to significant antibacterial activity to the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella entrica. Antifungal activity indicated that the EtOAc extracts from pure culture of Aspergillus versicolor and co-culture of A. versicolor and Tilletiopsis sp. in rice media were promising for searching new compounds, with the maximal mycelial growth inhibition of 82.32% ± 0.61% for Rhizoctonia solani and 48.41% ± 11.02% for Botrytis cinerea at 200 μg/ml, respectively. This study is the first report on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of jellyfish-associated fungi and allows the first sight into cultivable fungal community residing in jellyfish. Induced metabolites by cultivation-dependent approaches provides a new reservoir for drug discovery from jellyfish-derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (HHY); (PCL)
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (HHY); (PCL)
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Abstract
Endophytic mycopopulation isolated from India's Queen of herbs Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) were explored and investigated for their diversity and antiphytopathogenic activity against widespread plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. 90 fungal isolates, representing 17 genera were recovered from 313 disease-free and surface sterilised plant segments (leaf and stem tissues) from three different geographic locations (Delhi, Hyderabad and Mukteshwar) during distinct sampling times in consequent years 2010 and 2011 in India. Fungal endophytes were subjected to molecular identification based on rDNA ITS sequence analysis. Plant pathogens such as F. verticillioides, B. maydis, C. coarctatum, R. bataticola, Hypoxylon sp., Diaporthe phaseolorum, Alternaria tenuissima and A. alternata have occurred as endophyte only during second sampling (second sampling in 2011) in the present study. Bi-plot generated by principal component analysis suggested tissue specificity of certain fungal endophytes. Dendrogram revealed species abundance as a function of mean temperature of the location at the time of sampling. Shannon diversity in the first collection is highest in Hyderabad leaf tissues (H' = 1.907) whereas in second collection it was highest from leaf tissues of Delhi (H' = 1.846). Mukteshwar (altitude: 7500 feet) reported least isolation rate in second collection. Nearly 23% of the total fungal isolates were considered as potent biocontrol agent. Hexane extract of M. phaseolina recovered from Hyderabad in first collection demonstrated highest activity against S. sclerotiorum with IC50 value of 0.38 mg/ml. Additionally, its components 2H-pyran-2-one, 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl and palmitic acid, methyl ester as reported by GC-MS Chromatogram upon evaluation for their antiphytopathogenic activity exhibited IC50 value of 1.002 and 0.662 against respectively S. sclerotiorum indicating their significant role in antiphytopathogenic activity of hexane extract. The production of 2H-pyran-2-one, 5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl from M. phaseolina, an endophytic fungus is being reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Chowdhary
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
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Yokoya K, Zettler LW, Kendon JP, Bidartondo MI, Stice AL, Skarha S, Corey LL, Knight AC, Sarasan V. Preliminary findings on identification of mycorrhizal fungi from diverse orchids in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Mycorrhiza 2015; 25:611-25. [PMID: 25771863 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Orchid flora of Madagascar is one of the most diverse with nearly 1000 orchid taxa, of which about 90% are endemic to this biodiversity hotspot. The Itremo Massif in the Central Highlands of Madagascar with a Highland Subtropical climate range encompasses montane grassland, igneous and metamorphic rock outcrops, and gallery and tapia forests. Our study focused on identifying culturable mycorrhizae from epiphytic, lithophytic, and terrestrial orchid taxa to understand their diversity and density in a spatial matrix that is within the protected areas. We have collected both juvenile and mature roots from 41 orchid taxa for isolating their orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), and to culture, identify, and store in liquid nitrogen for future studies. Twelve operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of three known orchid mycorrhizal genera, were recognized by analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 85 isolates, and, by comparing with GenBank database entries, each OTU was shown to have closely related fungi that were also found as orchid associates. Orchid and fungal diversity were greater in gallery forests and open grasslands, which is very significant for future studies and orchid conservation. As far as we know, this is the first ever report of detailed identification of mycorrhizal fungi from Madagascar. This study will help start to develop a programme for identifying fungal symbionts from this unique biodiversity hotspot, which is undergoing rapid ecosystem damage and species loss. The diversity of culturable fungal associates, their density, and distribution within the Itremo orchid hotspot areas will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lawrence W Zettler
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | | | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew L Stice
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Shannon Skarha
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Laura L Corey
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
| | - Audrey C Knight
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 West College Avenue, Jacksonville, IL, 62650, USA
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Olorunleke FE, Hua GKH, Kieu NP, Ma Z, Höfte M. Interplay between orfamides, sessilins and phenazines in the control of Rhizoctonia diseases by Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a. Environ Microbiol Rep 2015; 7:774-781. [PMID: 26085277 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of phenazines and cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) (orfamides and sessilins), antagonistic metabolites produced by Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a, in the biological control of damping-off disease on Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1 and root rot disease on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by R. solani AG 4-HGI. A Pseudomonas mutant that only produced phenazines suppressed damping-off disease on Chinese cabbage to the same extent as CMR12a, while its efficacy to reduce root rot on bean was strongly impaired. In both pathosystems, the phenazine mutant that produced both CLPs was equally effective, but mutants that produced only one CLP lost biocontrol activity. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that mutants that only produced sessilins or orfamides inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani when applied together, while they were ineffective on their own. Phenazine-1-carboxamide suppressed mycelial growth of R. solani AG 2-1 but had no effect on AG 4-HGI. Orfamide B suppressed mycelial growth of both R. solani anastomosis groups in a dose-dependent way. Our results point to an additive interaction between both CLPs. Moreover, phenazines alone are sufficient to suppress Rhizoctonia disease on Chinese cabbage, while they need to work in tandem with the CLPs on bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyisara Eyiwumi Olorunleke
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gia Khuong Hoang Hua
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nam Phuong Kieu
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Zongwang Ma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
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Lygin AV, Hill CB, Pawlowski M, Zernova OV, Widholm JM, Hartman GL, Lozovaya VV. Inhibitory effects of stilbenes on the growth of three soybean pathogens in culture. Phytopathology 2014; 104:843-50. [PMID: 24502206 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-13-0287-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of resveratrol and pterostilbene on in vitro growth of three soybean pathogens were tested to determine whether these stilbenic compounds could potentially be targets to increase innate resistance in transgenic soybean plants. Growth of Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was measured on solid and in liquid media amended with resveratrol and pterostilbene (concentration in the media of resveratrol at 100 μg/ml and pterostilbene at 25 μg/ml). All three fungi were very sensitive to pterostilbene in potato dextrose agar (PDA), which reduced colony area of each of the three pathogens to less than half of the control 3 days after incubation. The three fungal pathogens were less sensitive to resveratrol compared with pterostilbene; however, area under the curve (AUC) calculated from colony areas measured over 3 days was significantly (P < 0.05) less than the control for S. sclerotiorum and R. solani on PDA with resveratrol or pterostilbene. AUC for M. phaseolina on PDA with pterostilbene was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control whereas, on PDA with resveratrol, AUC for M. phaseolina was lower than the control but the difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). AUC for all three fungi was significantly lower (P < 0.05) on PDA with pterostilbene than with resveratrol. In potato dextrose broth (PDB) shake cultures, AUC for all three fungi was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in pterostilbene than in the control. AUC for R. solani and S. sclerotiorum was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in resveratrol than the control, whereas AUC for M. phaseolina in resveratrol was lower, but not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the control. AUC in pterostilbene was highly significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in resveratrol for M. phaseolina and significantly (P < 0.05) lower for R. solani but the difference for S. sclerotiorum was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). There was a trend for lower mass accumulation of all three fungi in either pterostilbene or resveratrol compared with the control during the course of the experiment; however, S. sclerotiorum appeared to recover from the effects of pterostilbene between days 2 and 4. Results of biochemical analyses of the PDB over time indicated that the three fungi degraded resveratrol, with nearly 75% reduction in concentration in M. phaseolina, 80% in S. sclerotiorum, and 60% in R. solani PDB cultures by day 4 of fungal growth. M. phaseolina and S. sclerotiorum were able to resume growth after early inhibition by resveratrol after its concentration was reduced in the cultures through degradation, whereas R. solani was less efficient in resveratrol degradation and was not able to overcome its inhibitory effects on growth. The capacity to degrade pterostilbene was lowest in M. phaseolina compared with S. sclerotiorum and R. solani and the recovery of M. phaseolina cultures after initial growth inhibition by pterostilbene was minimal. The potential products of resveratrol and pterostilbene degradation by fungi were identified to be dimers and various oxidation products.
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Vargas WA, Mukherjee PK, Laughlin D, Wiest A, Moran-Diez ME, Kenerley CM. Role of gliotoxin in the symbiotic and pathogenic interactions of Trichoderma virens. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2319-2330. [PMID: 25082950 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.079210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a gene disruption strategy, we generated mutants in the gliP locus of the plant-beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens that were no longer capable of producing gliotoxin. Phenotypic assays demonstrated that the gliP-disrupted mutants grew faster, were more sensitive to oxidative stress and exhibited a sparse colony edge compared with the WT strain. In a plate confrontation assay, the mutants deficient in gliotoxin production were ineffective as mycoparasites against the oomycete, Pythium ultimum, and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, but retained mycoparasitic ability against Rhizoctonia solani. Biocontrol assays in soil showed that the mutants were incapable of protecting cotton seedlings from attack by P. ultimum, against which the WT strain was highly effective. The mutants, however, were as effective as the WT strain in protecting cotton seedlings against R. solani. Loss of gliotoxin production also resulted in a reduced ability of the mutants to attack the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum compared with the WT. The addition of exogenous gliotoxin to the sclerotia colonized by the mutants partially restored their degradative abilities. Interestingly, as in Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic human pathogen, gliotoxin was found to be involved in pathogenicity of T. virens against larvae of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella. The loss of gliotoxin production in T. virens was restored by complementation with the gliP gene from A. fumigatus. We have, thus, demonstrated that the putative gliP cluster of T. virens is responsible for the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, and gliotoxin is involved in mycoparasitism and biocontrol properties of this plant-beneficial fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter A Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Prasun K Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - David Laughlin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA
| | - Aric Wiest
- Fungal Genetics Stock Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Maria E Moran-Diez
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA
| | - Charles M Kenerley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA
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Pereira JL, Queiroz RML, Charneau SO, Felix CR, Ricart CAO, da Silva FL, Steindorff AS, Ulhoa CJ, Noronha EF. Analysis of Phaseolus vulgaris response to its association with Trichoderma harzianum (ALL-42) in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98234. [PMID: 24878929 PMCID: PMC4039509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma harzianum (ALL 42-isolated from Brazilian Cerrado soil) to promote common bean growth and to modulate its metabolism and defense response in the presence or absence of the phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani using a proteomic approach. T. harzianum was able to promote common bean plants growth as shown by the increase in root/foliar areas and by size in comparison to plants grown in its absence. The interaction was shown to modulate the expression of defense-related genes (Glu1, pod3 and lox1) in roots of P. vulgaris. Proteomic maps constructed using roots and leaves of plants challenged or unchallenged by T. harzianum and phytopathogenic fungi showed differences. Reference gels presented differences in spot distribution (absence/presence) and relative volumes of common spots (up or down-regulation). Differential spots were identified by peptide fingerprinting MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 48 identified spots (19 for leaves and 29 for roots) were grouped into protein functional classes. For leaves, 33%, 22% and 11% of the identified proteins were categorized as pertaining to the groups: metabolism, defense response and oxidative stress response, respectively. For roots, 17.2%, 24.1% and 10.3% of the identified proteins were categorized as pertaining to the groups: metabolism, defense response and oxidative stress response, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline L. Pereira
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rayner M. L. Queiroz
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Sébastien O. Charneau
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Felix
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. O. Ricart
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrei Stecca Steindorff
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Cirano J. Ulhoa
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Eliane F. Noronha
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Ye YH, Ma L, Dai ZC, Xiao Y, Zhang YY, Li DD, Wang JX, Zhu HL. Synthesis and antifungal activity of nicotinamide derivatives as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4063-4071. [PMID: 24720772 DOI: 10.1021/jf405437k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-eight nicotinamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) and precisely characterized by (1)H NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The compounds were evaluated against two phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, by mycelia growth inhibition assay in vitro. Most of the compounds displayed moderate activity, in which, 3a-17 exhibited the most potent antifungal activity against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum with IC50 values of 15.8 and 20.3 μM, respectively, comparable to those of the commonly used fungicides boscalid and carbendazim. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of nicotinamide derivatives demonstrated that the meta-position of aniline was a key position contributing to the antifungal activity. Inhibition activities against two fungal SDHs were tested and achieved the same tendency with the data acquired from in vitro antifungal assay. Significantly, 3a-17 was demonstrated to successfully suppress disease development in S. sclerotiorum infected cole in vivo. In the molecular docking simulation, sulfur and chlorine of 3a-17 were bound with PHE291 and PRO150 of the SDH homology model, respectively, which could explain the probable mechanism of action between the inhibitory and target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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