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Cheng XS, Li MS, Du J, Jiang QY, Wang L, Yan SY, Yu DM, Deng JB. Neuronal apoptosis in the developing cerebellum. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:21-7. [PMID: 21231956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The following study analysed apoptosis in proliferative cells and migrating neurons of the developing cerebellum. The external granular layer, Purkinje cell layer and internal granular layer in the developing mouse cerebellar cortex were analysed by active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot analysis. Immunocytochemistry results indicated that the peak of apoptosis appeared at postnatal days P8, P5 and P9 in the external granular layer, Purkinje cell layer and internal granular layer, respectively. Subsequently, in each region, the rate of apoptosis decreased with increasing age. In contrast, Western blot results demonstrated the highest expression of activated caspase-3 in the cerebellum at P5, followed by a subsequent decline and disappearance of expression by P14. Activated caspase-8 was expressed maximally at P10, and subsequently disappeared by P30. The results of this study suggest that the key period of neuronal apoptosis in the cerebellar cortex is between P0 and P14, indicating that this developmental period could be susceptible to treatment for congenital neurodegenerative diseases.
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Du J, Hourani S, Li JM. BAS/BSCR28 Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor attenuates angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species production and impairment of endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation in mouse aortas. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205781.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Du J, Li JM. BAS/BSCR23 Apocynin treatment reduces high-fat diet-induced obesity and hypertension but has no significant effect on hyperglycaemia. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205781.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Du J, Segall-Gutierrez P, Liu X, Niu C, Xiang A, Taylor D, Stanczyk F. Effect of subcutaneous depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum androgenic markers in normal weight, obese and extremely obese women. Contraception 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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330
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Du J, Zhang A, Wang L, Xuan J, Yu L, Che R, Li X, Gu N, Lin Z, Feng G, Xing Q, He L. Relationship between response to risperidone, plasma concentrations of risperidone and CYP3A4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients. J Psychopharmacol 2010; 24:1115-20. [PMID: 19395426 DOI: 10.1177/0269881109104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the relationships between plasma concentrations of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone and polymorphisms of CYP3A4. All 130 schizophrenia patients (45 men, 85 women, age 15-60 years) who met DSM-IV criteria were given risperidone for 8 weeks. Clinical efficacy was determined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). CYP3A4*1G was found to be associated with the change in total PANSS scores (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.021), which was not significant on adjusting for multiple testing. Our study has, for the first time, conducted a genetic association study of the CYP3A4 gene with risperidone response. Further studies on larger groups and on the effects of the longer term risperidone treatment are needed to confirm these results.
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Cerviño L, Du J, Jiang S. SU-GG-J-97: An MRI Study on the Use of External and Internal Surrogates for Lung Tumor Tracking. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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332
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Du J, Chen T, Zou X, Xiong B, Lu G. Dppa2 knockdown-induced differentiation and repressed proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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333
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Zhu H, Fang J, Luo X, Yu W, Zhao Y, Li X, Du J, Lu Y. A survey of bone mineral density of healthy Han adults in China. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:765-72. [PMID: 19597908 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A recent survey of bone mineral density (BMD) in China recruited 7,042 healthy Han Chinese aged 20 years and older. The mean BMDs were different in gender, age, and region; the proportions of men and women older than 50 years with a high risk of osteoporosis were estimated as 10.4% and 31.2%, respectively INTRODUCTION A survey of BMD was completed during 2002-2006 in China. By three-stage sampling, a total of 7,042 healthy Han Chinese aged 20 years and older were recruited in ten cities: 2,694 subjects from Beijing, Tianjin, Haerbin, Lanzhou, and Yantai of northern China and 4,348 from Shanghai, Changsha, Chengdu, Haikou, and Foshan of southern China. METHODS Two dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems (Hologic and Lunar) were used with parallel measurements of the European spine phantoms in each center. The mean BMDs in age groups older than 50 and the peak bone mineral density (pBMD) at femoral neck and that at greater trochanter were higher for men than women, and the pBMDs for northern China were higher than those for southern China, ranging from 1% to 4%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This work has provided two useful references for the first time: one is the estimation of the proportion and number of individuals older than 50 years with a high risk of osteoporosis, 10.4% and 12.5 million men, 31.2% and 37.2 million women, which is important for health care planning and marketing projections, and another is the conversion equations for cross-calibration among different types of DXA instruments frequently used in China.
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Zhang Y, Wei L, Sun D, Cao F, Gao H, Zhao L, Du J, Li Y, Wang H. Tanshinone IIA pretreatment protects myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010; 12:316-22. [PMID: 20380652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is widely acknowledged to increase the risk of cardiovascular death, which warrants the use of aggressive primary prevention strategies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pretreatment effects of tanshinone IIA (TSN), a traditional Chinese medicine, on myocardial infarct size, apoptosis, inflammation and cardiac functional recovery in diabetic rats subjected to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats (n = 80) were randomized to receive TSN, TSN plus wortmannin [a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor] or saline. They were exposed to a 30-min ischaemia by ligation of the left coronary artery except for the sham group. Haemodynamics, infarct size and myocardial apoptosis were examined 3 h after reperfusion. The effects of TSN on Akt and NF-kappaB phosphorylation and the expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cardiac tissues were examined. RESULTS Our results revealed that TSN administration significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (0.252 +/- 0.038 vs. 0.327 +/- 0.027, p < 0.05), improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (0.774 +/- 0.058 vs. 0.716 +/- 0.054, p < 0.05), decreased myocardial apoptotic death (0.114 +/- 0.026 vs. 0.191 +/- 0.023, p < 0.05) compared with I/R group. Western blot analysis showed that TSN treatment enhanced Akt phosphorylation and inhibited NF-kappaB phosphorylation in cardiac tissues. Moreover, pretreatment with wortmannin abolished the beneficial effects of TSN: a reduction of infarct size, a decrease in LVEF, inhibition of myocardial apoptosis and Akt phosphorylation, enhancement of NF-kappaB phosphorylation and an increase of cytokine production including TNF-alpha and IL-6 after I/R injury in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that TSN pretreatment reduces infarct size and improves cardiac dysfunction after I/R injury in diabetic rats. This was accompanied with decreased cardiac apoptosis and inflammation. The possible mechanism responsible for the effects of TSN is associated with the PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway.
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Liu XG, Geng DY, Jiang JJ, Du J, Yang F, Xie ZG, Kang DJ, Zhang ZD. High dielectric loss in graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 10:2366-2369. [PMID: 20355435 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules, with Ti nanoparticles as core and onion-like graphite layers as shell, have been prepared by a modified arc-discharge method in ethanol atmosphere, and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of the graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules have been investigated in the 2-18 GHz range. An equivalent circuit model was used to interpret the non-linear dielectric resonance behavior of the graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules. The high dielectric loss is mainly attributed to conductance loss and dipole-relaxation loss in the graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules. The graphite-coated Ti nanocapsules exhibit promising properties for application as a new type of shield or absorbent of electromagnetic waves.
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Du J, Zhang L, Liu S, Wang Z. Palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid opposingly regulate the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in neurons. DIE PHARMAZIE 2010; 65:231-232. [PMID: 20383947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous results show that treatment with saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), induces the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), while treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), protects against AD pathology. However, the pharmacological mechanism underlying these opposite effects of fatty acids on AD is not well understood. Here, we show that PA treatment significantly reduced the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), an important protease responsible for the degradation of amyloid-beta (A beta) in neural cells, while incubation with DHA up-regulated IDE levels in primary hippocampal neurons. Moreover, pre-incubation with PA attenuated the DHA-induced IDE expression. Taken together, these results suggest the opposite effects of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of IDE, indicating a novel mechanism underlying the pharmacological function of fatty acids in AD intervention.
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Nassar AEF, Du J, Belcourt M, Lin X, King I. In Vitro Profiling and Mass Balance of the Anti-Cancer Agent Laromustine [14C]-VNP40101M by Rat, Dog, Monkey and Human Liver Microsomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1874073101004010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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338
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Du J, Wong R. Numerical Modelling of Geomechanical Response of Sandy-Shale Formation in Oil Sands Reservoir During Steam Injection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2118/132638-pa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we conducted numerical simulations of steam injection into a horizontal well. A sandy-shale layer with thickness of 1 metre is located 2 metre above a horizontal injection well. The numerical simulations intend to study the variations of the stress state and the permeability in the sandy-shale layer during steam injection, and to provide useful effective stress paths for laboratory experiments to follow when testing material properties of the sandy-shale. A self-developed coupled geomechanics and thermal multi-phase flow simulator was employed to conduct the simulation cases. A strain-induced permeability model was used to describe the anisotropic permeability change of the sandy-shale caused by steam injection. The simulation results demonstrate that the permeability of 5 and 50 md for the sandy-shale in two simulation cases is sufficient to allow pore pressure dissipation to occur, therefore, preventing tensile or shear failure of sandy-shale as a result of high thermal-induced pore pressure. The stress paths within the sandy-shale are approaching the failure envelope as steam injection goes on indicating simultaneous influence of the temperature and the pore pressure on the stress state change.
Introduction
Sandy-shale formations of several metres in thickness frequently exist in oil sands deposit. Their material properties, sedimentary characteristics and distribution in a steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) reservoir are important factors that determine SAGD performance and strategies of positioning horizontal well-pairs. It has been confirmed that sandy-shale formations are usually very sandy and discontinuous; therefore, they are expected to be permeable to varying degrees during SAGD operations. This is completely different from the interbedded shales that have extremely low permeability and can be considered as impermeable.
Analysis of stress state change and anisotropic permeability variation in the sandy-shale requires conducting coupled simulation of geomechanics and thermal reservoir flow. Numerical modelling of the coupled processes is historically carried out in the areas of geomechanics modelling and the reservoir simulation. Gutierrez and Lewis(1) extend Biot's theory to multi-phase fluid flow in deformable porous media. Based on their formulation, they conclude that the coupling between the geomechanics and the multi-phase flow occurs simultaneously. Thus, fully coupled system equations of deformations, multi-phase flow and heat transfer should be solved simultaneously.
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Zheng S, Song M, Wu L, Yang S, Shen J, Lu X, Du J, Wang W. China: Public Health Genomics. Public Health Genomics 2010; 13:269-75. [DOI: 10.1159/000240969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Yu X, Huang Y, Du J. Bispectral index may not reflect the depth of anaesthesia in a patient with glycogen storage disease type I. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:616. [PMID: 19749120 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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341
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Du J, Chen T, Zou X, Xiong B, Lu G. Dppa2 knockdown-induced differentiation and repressed proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Biochem 2009; 147:265-71. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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342
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Du J, Zhang L, Wang Z. Testosterone inhibits the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in a transcriptional transaction assay. DIE PHARMAZIE 2009; 64:692-693. [PMID: 19947175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidences suggest that testosterone is an important regulator of body fat mass in men. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of body composition by testosterone is not well understood. The paper demonstrates testosterone inhibited the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which controls the adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism. Pre-inhibition of androgen receptor did not influence the inhibition of PPARgamma activity by testosterone. Moreover, pre-treatment with testosterone attenuated the insulin-induced up-regulation of PPARgamma activity. These results provide a novel mechanism for the effect of testosterone on fat mass control.
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Du J, Zou X, Pan Y, Lu GX. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in cell-free fetal DNA with COLD-PCR. Fertil Steril 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen Z, Li HM, Han W, Sang JH, Du J, Zhang WJ, Zhang JZ. Genital cutaneous lesions in an allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipient with aspergillosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:556-8. [PMID: 19522992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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345
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Xiang Y, Nie DS, Zhang QJ, Zhu WB, Du J, Li W, Lu GX. Cloning, characterization and identification ofRcet1-v1andRcet1-v2, two novel splice variants of mouseRcet1related toCressubgroup of family 2 cystatins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 19:13-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10425170601101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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346
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Gouras P, Lopez R, Du J, Gelanze M, Kwun R, Brittis M, Kjeldbye H. Transplantation of retinal cells. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01658109008997278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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347
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Mei Y, Bentley P, Du J. NCS with thiourea as highly efficient catalysts for acetalization of aldehydes. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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348
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Miller TR, Milicic I, Bauch J, Du J, Surber B, Browman KE, Marsh K, Cowart M, Brioni JD, Esbenshade TA. Use of the H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]-A-349821 to reveal in vivo receptor occupancy of cognition enhancing H3 receptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:139-49. [PMID: 19413577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The histamine H3 receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]-A-349821 was characterized as a radiotracer for assessing in vivo receptor occupancy by H3 receptor antagonists that affect behaviour. This model was established as an alternative to ex vivo binding methods, for relating antagonist H3 receptor occupancy to blood levels and efficacy in preclinical models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vivo cerebral cortical H3 receptor occupancy by [3H]-A-349821 was determined in rats from differences in [3H]-A-349821 levels in the isolated cortex and cerebellum, a brain region with low levels of H3 receptors. Comparisons were made to relate antagonist H3 receptor occupancy to blood levels and efficacy in a preclinical model of cognition, the five-trial inhibitory avoidance response in rat pups. KEY RESULTS In adult rats, [3H]-A-349821, 1.5 microg x kg(-1), penetrated into the brain and cleared more rapidly from cerebellum than cortex; optimally, [3H]-A-349821 levels were twofold higher in the latter. With increasing [3H]-A-349821 doses, cortical H3 receptor occupancy was saturable with a binding capacity consistent with in vitro binding in cortex membranes. In studies using tracer [3H]-A-349821 doses, ABT-239 and other H3 receptor antagonists inhibited H3 receptor occupancy by [3H]-A-349821 in a dose-dependent manner. Blood levels of the antagonists corresponding to H3 receptor occupancy were consistent with blood levels associated with efficacy in the five-trial inhibitory avoidance response. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS When employed as an occupancy radiotracer, [3H]-A-349821 provided valid measurements of in vivo H3 receptor occupancy, which may be helpful in guiding and interpreting clinical studies of H3 receptor antagonists.
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Bedi R, Du J, Sharma A, Gomes I, Ackerman S. Human C/EBPɛ Activator and Repressor Isoforms Differentially Reprogram Eosinophil Lineage Commitment, Gene Expression and Terminal Differentiation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao SF, Luo YN, Zhao HY, Du J, Fang XY. First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot on Snow Lotus Caused by Pseudomonas syringae in China. PLANT DISEASE 2009; 93:204. [PMID: 30764118 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-93-2-0204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata (Kar. & Kir.) Sch. Bip.) is an economically important medicinal herb increasingly grown in China in recent years. During the summer and autumn of 2005, 2006, and 2007, a necrosis of unknown etiology was observed on leaves in commercial production areas in Xinjiang Province of China. Disease incidence was approximately 40 to 50% of the plants during the 2005 and 2007 growing seasons. Initial symptoms consisted of pronounced water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots that were 1 to 2 mm in diameter on young, expanding leaves. Later, some leaf spots on older leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation. Leaf samples were collected in 2005, 2006, and 2007 from the affected hosts. Bacterial streaming was evident from these samples, and 28 strains were isolated on nutrient agar or King's medium B (KMB). All strains were gram negative and fluoresced bluegreen under UV light after 48 h of growth at 28°C on KMB. On the basis of LOPAT tests, the strains were identified as Pseudomonas syringae (1). The identity of two strains was confirmed by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene, which revealed 98% similarity to P. syringae strains in NCBI (Accession Nos. FJ001817 and FJ001818 for XJSNL 111 and 107, respectively). Infiltration of tobacco leaves with bacterial suspensions resulted in typical hypersensitivity reactions within 24 h. Pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed by spray inoculating five snow lotus leaves of a six-leaf stage plant with 108 CFU ml-1 bacterial suspensions in sterile water and five plants sprayed with sterile distilled water served as controls. Inoculated and sterile water-sprayed controls were maintained in the growth chamber with 90% relative humidity for 15 days at 15 ± 2°C. Symptoms similar to the original symptoms were observed on inoculated plants after 2 weeks. No symptoms developed on controls. Bacteria reisolated from inoculated plants were identified as strains of P. syringae. Isolates were deposited at the Key Laboratory for Oasis Crop Disease Prevention and Cure, Shihezi University. Rust caused by Puccinia carthami and leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria carthami of snow lotus have been reported (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. syringae as the cause of bacterial leaf spot on snow lotus in China. References: (1) A. Braun-Kiewnick and D. C. Sands. Pseudomonas. Page 84 in: Laboratory Guide for the Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. N. W. Schaad et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (2) S. Zhao et al. Plant Dis. 91:772, 2007. (3) S. Zhao et al. Plant Dis. 92:318, 2008.
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