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Abstract
A descriptive study of suicides in 74 Chinese schizophrenic out-patients (43 male) is presented. The mean age at death was 31.3 years. The mean duration of illness was 8.5 years and 50 of the 74 died within ten years of onset of illness. Only five lived alone; 35 were openly employed and 20 were married at the time of death. Twenty had a history of depression, and 27 had attempted suicide previously. More females had been depressed or had attempted suicide than males. Over half were last admitted for reasons other than schizophrenic symptoms alone and ten died within one month of discharge. Eight of 71 patients followed up expressed suicidal ideas at the last psychiatric contact, but only 15 were symptomatic. Jumping was the commonest method used. Analytical studies are needed to identify risk factors in Chinese schizophrenics.
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327
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Hou ZY, Lin CI, Vassalle M, Chiang BN, Cheng KK. Role of acetylcholine in induction of repetitive activity in human atrial fibers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 256:H74-84. [PMID: 2643349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.1.h74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The actions of acetylcholine and its interactions with epinephrine were studied in human atrial tissues by recording transmembrane potentials and contractile force. Acetylcholine (0.55-5.5 microM) reduced force, shortened the duration and shifted to more negative values the plateau of action potentials, abolished phase 4 depolarization, and suppressed the activity of spontaneous fibers. During the recovery, often there was a rebound increase in some parameters of the action potential and in force. Epinephrine (0.3-2.8 microM) induced oscillatory potentials and aftercontractions and acetylcholine abolished them. However, during the washout of acetylcholine in the presence of epinephrine, the oscillatory potentials and aftercontractions were larger than before acetylcholine, and repetitive activity was often induced. The inhibitory and excitatory effects of acetylcholine were mimicked by methacholine (5.1 microM) and abolished by atropine (1.5 microM). The postacetylcholine rebound was also potentiated by theophylline (0.6-2 mM) but was not blocked by propranolol (1-3.4 microM), prazosin (1 microM), and diltiazem (0.1 microM). It is concluded that in human atrial fibers acetylcholine has inhibitory as well as excitatory effects that are exaggerated in the presence of epinephrine and are mediated by the activation of the muscarinic receptor. The interaction between acetylcholine and epinephrine involves an antagonism at an intracellular level.
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328
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Yu TJ, Cheng KK, Lai ST, Cheng MS, Kuo SM, Chang Y, Lee PC. [A new operation for the management of gastric varix bleeding]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 1989; 43:49-56. [PMID: 2788484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastric varices is a special oriental type manifestation of gastroesophageal collaterals in portal hypertension patients. It has gained more attention in recent years following the popularity of endoscopy and sclerotherapy. Catastrophic bleeding from ruptures of gastric varices is a life threatening emergency. Gastric varices are generally located at the greater curvature side of the cardiofundic region. Neither a Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon tube nor a Linton balloon tube can stop the bleeding. This area is also beyond the field of sclerotherapy. Surgery is the only definite therapy. Devascularization procedures as described by Dr. Hassab sometimes fail to control active bleeding and also fail to adequately decongest the whole varices area. The radical resection procedures such as terminal esophagectomy, proximal gastrectomy or cardiectomy as proposed by Japanese groups interrupts the normal esophgo-gastric continuity and is also too invasive for a cirrhotic patient. In between, besides terminal esophago-proximal gastric devascularization and splenectomy, we use a TA-90 stapler to perform an oblique cardiofundectomy to resect en bloc the tortuous gastric varices area. From Nov. 1983 to May 1988, at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, 16 patients received this new operation to manage gastric varices bleeding. Ten of them were on an emergency basis and 6 were elective surgery. Only one patient in the emergency group died. All catastrophic bleeding in the emergency group was dramatically controlled and all other patients recovered rapidly. With a follow-up range from 6 months to 4.5 year and an average of 19 months, there was no recurrent bleeding and no hepatic encephalopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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329
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Petti NA, Cheng KK. Perspective. Update on oral and maxillofacial surgery. BULLETIN. NINTH DISTRICT DENTAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1988; 72:116-9. [PMID: 3271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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330
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Lee PC, Cheng KK, Lai ST, Yu TJ, Kuo SM, Cheng MS, Chang Y, Chien KY, Chang SY. Vascular reconstruction in surgery for tumor resection. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 1988; 42:281-8. [PMID: 3242766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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331
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Lai ST, Cheng KK, Yu TJ, Kuo SM, Cheng MS, Weng ZC, Chang Y, Lee PC. A comparative study of urokinase and heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 1988; 42:99-104. [PMID: 3224314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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332
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Lin SN, Lai ST, Chen MT, Cheng KK, Chang LS. [Treatment of vasculogenic impotence by corporeal revascularization and/or ligation of deep dorsal veins: a preliminary report]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL; FREE CHINA ED 1988; 41:211-6. [PMID: 3179807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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333
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Abstract
We studied the effects of theophylline on the transmembrane action potential and the contractile force of human atrial fibers obtained from the hearts of 15 patients, undergoing corrective open-heart surgery. Atrial fibers were perfused with Tyrode solution and driven electrically at a constant rate of 60 beats per min. Theophylline (0.1-1 mM) steepened the diastolic depolarization, increased the amplitude of oscillatory potential during diastole and facilitated the development of spontaneous slow response action potentials. These arrhythmogenic effects of theophylline were suppressed after diltiazem (0.1-0.3 microM) pretreatment. The present findings provide the electrophysiologic evidence that abnormal atrial automaticity as a result of triggered activity may be the underlying cause for atrial ectopic activity and multifocal atrial tachycardia in patients taking theophylline.
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334
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Lai ST, Cheng KK, Chao ZC, Kao CH. [Vascular electric thrombosis as a method of treatment for varicose veins]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1987; 86:679-83. [PMID: 3498794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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335
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Cheng KK, Petti NA. The use of the hot glue gun for orthognathic model surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987; 45:372. [PMID: 3470460 DOI: 10.1016/0278-2391(87)90364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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336
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Cheng KK, Lai ST, Yu TJ, Kuo SM. Postoperative deep vein thrombosis in the Taiwanese Chinese population. Am J Surg 1987; 153:302-5. [PMID: 3826514 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(87)90611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reports of the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in the Chinese population of Taiwan are few in the literature. Over a 3 year period, the fibrinogen degradation products test, the pulse volume recorder, and venography were used to study 220 patients undergoing major operations at the Veterans General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan. Deep vein thrombosis was found in 17 patients (7.7 percent). A comparison of the three diagnostic methods showed that the sensitivities of the fibrinogen degradation products test and the pulse volume recorder were 56.3 percent and 93.7 percent, respectively; the specificities, 97.4 percent and 95.7 percent, respectively; and the accuracies, 85.5 percent and 95.5 percent, respectively. These results support the combined use of the fibrinogen degradation products test and the pulse volume recorder for screening and diagnosing deep vein thrombosis.
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337
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Abstract
Effects of hypothalamic hormone somatostatin on the action potential and contractile force of 54 human atrial preparations obtained at cardiac surgery were studied with standard microelectrode techniques. In the atrial fibres responding to electrical stimuli with fast response action potentials in 4 mM [K]0 Tyrode solution (maximum rate of phase 0 depolarization greater than 50 V/s), somatostatin (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) reduced slightly the duration of action potential and decreased twitch force dose-dependently. In spontaneously active atrial fibres, somatostatin (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) abolished the action potentials in the preparations with low maximal diastolic potential (MDP, -48 +/- 2.8 mV), but induced only mild suppressive effect in the preparations with high MDP (-70 +/- 2.4 mV). When the fibres were depolarized in 27 mM [K]0 Tyrode solution, somatostatin decreased the maximum rate of depolarization and amplitude of the slow response action potentials induced by electrical stimuli. The delayed afterdepolarizations or triggered action potentials induced by high-frequency electrical drive in the presence of epinephrine were also suppressed by somatostatin. The above findings suggest that somatostatin may suppress the abnormal automaticity and the triggered activity in human atrial fibres through a reduction of cellular calcium.
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338
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Lee BP, Cheng KK, Chiang ST. Effects of changes in pulmonary arterial blood flow on ventilation in dogs. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1987; 86:1-10. [PMID: 3106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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339
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Cheng KK, Wang SP, Yu TJ, Lai ST, Kuo SM, Weng ZC. Coronary bypass surgery versus percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 85:783-9. [PMID: 2947969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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340
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Abstract
In the studies of the electrophysiological properties of human atrial fibres obtained at cardiac surgery, it has often been reported that the diastolic potential, the maximum upstroke velocity of the phase 0 depolarization (Vmax) and the amplitude of action potential are relatively low. The same findings were also obtained in our previous study when the tissue preparations were perfused with a Tyrode solution which, as usually described in literatures on cardiac cell studies had a NaHCO3 concentration of 12 mM and was aerated with a gas mixture of 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37 degrees C. Recently we found that the relatively poor electrical activities of the human atrial fibres were related to the low pH value (around 7.06) of the perfusate used. Raising the pH value of the perfusate either by increasing the NaHCO3 concentration or by reducing the CO2 in the bubbling gas mixture significantly improved the electrical activities of the fibres. There is evidence that the suppressive effect of low pH on the electrical activities is due to the hindering action of H+ on the transportation of other cations across the plasma membrane.
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341
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Lin CI, Chiu TH, Chiang BN, Cheng KK. Electromechanical effects of caffeine in isolated human atrial fibres. Cardiovasc Res 1985; 19:727-33. [PMID: 4084929 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/19.12.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of caffeine on the action potential and contractile force of human atrial fibres obtained at cardiac surgery were studied with standard microelectrode technique. In 4 mmol . litre-1 [K]o, the only significant action produced by 0.3 to 3 mmol . litre-1 caffeine on the electro-mechanical activity of relatively normal atrial fibres was a slight shortening of the action potential duration at 50% repolarisation. When the fibres were depolarised in 27 mmol . litre-1 [K]o or in atrial fibres showing slow responses in 4 mmol . litre-1 [K]o, however, caffeine could increase the upstroke of slow response and the force. In 18% of atrial fibres showing slow responses in 4 mmol . litre-1 [K]o, caffeine induced spontaneous discharges and potentiated afterdepolarisations. The positive inotropic and the arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine could be diminished by pretreating the fibres with propranolol or Ca antagonists (diltiazem and verapamil). In fibres beating spontaneously in normal [K]o, caffeine accelerated spontaneous rhythms initially and then depressed them. Propranolol potentiated the later depression but did not block the initial acceleration. The results suggest that caffeine increases the transmembrane Ca influx and enhances the release of Ca from the intracellular stores in human atrial fibres. As a consequence, caffeine could induce arrhythmias in atria from certain individuals.
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342
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Abstract
We studied the effects of acetylcholine on the transmembrane action potential and the contractile force of isolated human atrial fibers obtained at cardiac surgery. In 3 of 12 preparations, 10(-7)-10(-6) M acetylcholine induced a substantial increase in the contractile force following a brief initial decrease. Atropine diminished both the initial negative and the later positive inotropic effects induced by acetylcholine while propranolol abolished only the later effect.
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343
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Cheng KK, Chao ZC, Lai ST, Yu TJ, Lin YL, Kuo SM, Yang CF, Chang T. [Experience in management of the subclavian steal syndrome]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1984; 83:477-90. [PMID: 6236278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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344
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Cheng KK, Leong KH, Yu TJ, Lay ST, Lin YL, Kuo SM, Chiang BN, Laura Meng CC, Wang B. [Ventricular septal defect with aortic incompetence]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1983; 82:1288-92. [PMID: 6585475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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345
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Yu TJ, Cheng KK, Leong KH, Lin YL, Lai ST, Kuo SM. [Transabdominal esophageal mucosal transection by using an auto-suture device (Takasago F-3000) in management of bleeding esophageal varices]. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1983; 82:536-45. [PMID: 6355379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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346
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Koo A, Liang IY, Cheng KK. Adrenergic mechanisms in the hepatic microcirculation in the rat. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY AND COGNATE MEDICAL SCIENCES 1977; 62:199-208. [PMID: 588020 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1977.sp002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo hepatic microvascular bed of the rat was observed microscopically in the transilluminated liver and the diameter of the hepatic sinusoids was measured by serial photomicrography. Intraportal infusion of tyramine induced concentration-dependent constriction of the hepatic sinusoids, but also dilatation of the sinusoids when the dose was small. These effects were attributed to the release of endogenous noradrenaline which activated either alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptors and caused constriction, or dilatation, of the sinusoids respectively. Adrenaline and noradrenaline induced similar changes in the hepatic sinusoids as tyramine, while phenoxybenzamine induced dilatation, and propranolol constriction, of the sinusoids. All the above responses were abolished by pretreatment with reserpine. A possible noradrenaline-mediated basal vasomotor tone in the hepatic sinusoids for autonomic control of the blood flow in the sinusoids was postulated.
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347
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Abstract
1. The cardiovascular changes of conscious cold-acclimated (CA) and warm-acclimated (WA) rats during exposure to 5 degrees C or 28 degrees C were studied. 2. The cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume of Ca rats exposed to 5 degrees C and of WA rats during cold stress were significantly greater, and their calculated total peripheral resistance significantly less than those of WA rats ats exposed to 28 degrees C. These results show that circulatory changes participate in cold acclimation and cold stress. The circulatory changes in the two conditions were compared and the mechanism of the observed differences were discussed. 3. CA rats exposed to 28 degrees C showed a striking decrease of oxygen consumption and arterio-venous O2 difference, but significant circulatory changes were decreased heart rate and cardiac index only, indicating that the response was mainly metabolic.
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348
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Lung MA, Wang JC, Cheng KK. Bronchial circulation: an auto-perfusion method for assessing its vasomotor activity and the study of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the bronchial artery. Life Sci 1976; 19:577-80. [PMID: 957893 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(76)90239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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349
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Koo A, Liang IY, Cheng KK. Hepatic sinusoidal responses to intraportal injections of phenylephrine and isoprenaline in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1976; 3:391-5. [PMID: 975627 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1976.tb00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Specific alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonists, phenylephrine and isoprenaline, were injected intraportally into the intact rat liver under direct microscopic observation by an in vivo transillumination technique. 2. The diameter of a hepatic sinusoid and the intra-sinusoidal erythrocyte velocity were quantitatively measured, and the sinusoidal volume flow was calculated from these two parameters. 3. Results show that phenylephrine causes a sinusoidal constriction and an increased sinusoidal blood flow, whereas isoprenaline causes the opposite effects on the sinusoids. 4. All the sinusoidal responses to phenylephrine and isoprenaline were dose-dependent and were possibly related to the direct effect of these drugs on the sinusoids.
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350
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Koo A, Liang IY, Cheng KK. Effect of the ligation of hepatic artery on the microcirculation in the cirrhotic liver in the rat. THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE 1976; 54:287-95. [PMID: 1016126 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1976.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the hepatic arterial supply in the intrahepatic microcirculation in normal and carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic livers was studied by dye injection method and by ligation of the hepatic artery. The in vivo distribution of dye injected into the hepatic artery evidenced the presence of arterio-venous shunts in the cirrhotic liver. When the hepatic artery of the cirrhotic liver was ligated, the elevated portal venous pressure dropped significantly, and the fast-flowing population of microvessels and sinusoids in the bimodal frequency distribution plot disappeared. The fast-flowing microvessel and sinusoids appeared to be the "arterial" microvessels and sinusoids, and they were converted into the slow-flowing venous channels after hepatic arterial ligation. The transmission of arterial pressure via the A-V shunts may be of greater significance in the pathophysiology of portal hypertension than previously believed.
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