Encephalitogenic regions for the Lewis rat within the myelin basic protein

The sequence, phe lys asn ile val thr pro arg thr pro pro pro ser gln gly lys gly arg gly leu ser ser arg phe ser trp gly ala glu gly gln isolated from the peptic digestion of guinea pig myelin basicprotein is able to produce EAE in Lewis rats. The synthetic peptide phe lys phe gly gly arg asp ser arg, an analog of residues 154-162, is encephalitogenic in Lewis rats when B. pertussis is used as the adjuvant.

Further definition of the encephalitogenic region for guinea pigs

The effect on encephalitogenicity of using a serinyl substitution for the glutaminyl group in the peptide ser arg phe ser trp gly ala glu gly gln arg is reported. We conclude from these results that the function of the glutaminyl residue is assisting this peptide to produce allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs is as a hydrogen donor-receptor.

Antigen, host and adjuvant requirements for induction of hyperacute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

A hyperacute form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (HEAE) was induced in Lewis rats using small doses (3.2 mug) of guinea pig myelin basic protein as immunogen and B. pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Myelin basic proteins from species other than guinea pig (rat, man, monkey, pig, ox, rabbit and sheep) induced only ordinary EAE with this adjuvant. HEAE was more readily distinguished from ordinary EAE by clinical criteria (early onset, with a rapid and severe course, and high incidence of cerebral signs and mortality) than by histologic signs which, although characteristic of HEAE. were not pathognomonic for HEAE, HEAE was transferred to x-irradiated syngeneic recipient rats with lymph node cells from appropriately immunized donors. The Brown Norway (BN) strain of rat was found susceptible to induction of ordinary EAE, but not HEAE, using large doses of either rat or guinea pig myelin basic proteins. The unique immunogenicity of the guinea pig basic protein must be due to a different antigenic determinant from the determinant(s) which is shared by rat and guinea pig myelin basic proteins and which without B. pertussis induces ordinary EAE. The adjuvant action of B. pertussis in inducing HEAE in the Lewis rat is most likely mediated through an immunocompetent T lymphocyte.

Induction of allergic encephalomyelitis using hydrosoluble mycobacterial fractions

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has been induced in guinea pigs employing bovine myelin basic protein as the antigen and a hydrosoluble tetrasaccharide-heptapeptide from delipidated cells of the human mycobacterial strain H37Ra as adjuvant. The maximum response was observed using 33 mug of antigen and 12.5 mug of adjuvant per animal.

Degradation of encephalitogenic protein in aerobic ascorbic acid solutions

Aerobic ascorbic acid solutions are capable of extensively cleaving the peptide chain of the myelin basic protein. Cleavage occurred most readily with C-terminal to aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid and leucine residues.

Synthetic D(-)penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled study of a high and low dosage regimen

Doses of 600 mg and 1200 mg of D(-)penicillamine daily were superior to a standard regimen of therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. The higher dose did not produce significantly greater therapeutic benefit in the group of patients so treated, although individual patients sometimes improved more. The frequency of rashes, blood dyscrasias, and withdrawals from the trial increased withe dosage. It is concluded that D(-)penicillamine is a useful treatment that the daily dose should be as low as possible, and that it should be increased at infrequent intervals only, with due regard to the likelihood of further improvement in relation to an increased risk of adverse reactions.

A further example of the recessive Lu(a-b-) phenotype

A family study is reported in which two members of the Lu(a-b-) type. A recessive mode of inheritance is postulated from the failure of the phenotype to occur in other generations and from consanguinity in the propositus' parents.

Auditory localization of infants as a function of reinforcement conditions

The influence of four reinforcement conditions on the auditory localization behavior of normal infants was studied. Forty-eight infants 12 to 18 months of age were assigned to one of four groups of 12 subjects each. All received 30 presentations of complex noise at suprathreshold level. After each response to the stimulus, Group 1 received no reinforcement, Group 2 received social reinforcement, Group 3 received "simple" visual reinforcement (a blinking light), and Group 4 received "complex" visual reinforcement (an animated toy animal). The two visual reinforcement conditions produced the most localization responses, followed in order by the social reinforcement and no reinforcement conditions. These results indicate that auditory localization behavior of infants is influenced by reinforcement and that the extent of this effect is related to the type of reinforcement employed.

Induction of allergic encephalomyelitis using hydrosoluble adjuvant and the tryptophan region of myelin basic protein

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has been induced in guinea pigs using the encephalitogenic tryptophan peptide as antigen and a hydrosoluble adjuvant extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. hominis, strain H37Ra. The maximum response was observed using 100mug of adjuvant per animal. This is a quantity of adjuvant substantially higher than was necessary to induce disease utilizing the whole myelin basic protein as antigen.

Aspirin and analgesic nephropathy

Renal function was studied in 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had each consumed between 5 and 20 kg of aspirin. After an interval of two years 14 of these patients-seven of whom had consumed a further mean of 2 kg of aspirin-had their renal function retested. No relation was found between total dose, rate, or duration of ingestion and any aspect of renal function that was studied. All patients had plasma creatinine levels within the normal range, though slight depression in creatinine clearance was not uncommon.From this study and other published data we conclude that aspirin rarely if ever causes analgesic nephropathy when prescribed alone in doses appropriate to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Scandium(III) Complexes of 8-Hydroxyquinoline and Derivatives

Under the conditions specified, scandium(III) and 8-hydroxyquinoline react in aqueous solution to give Sc(C9H6NO)3•H2O and not the adduct, Sc(C9H6NO)3•C9H7NO, as previously reported. The adduct is formed by reaction of the aquo tris chelate in molten 8-hydroxyquinoline and the anyhdrous tris chelate is obtained by thermal decomposition of the adduct. The 2-chloro, 4-chloro, and 5-methyl and 5-nitro derivatives also yield aquo tris chelates from aqueous solution while the 2-methyl and 4-methyl derivatives give adducts.

Response of infants and young children as a function of auditory stimuli and test methods

Responses of infants and young children with normal hearing were assessed using five auditory stimuli at different hearing levels. The stimuli included broad-band and high-pass filtered signals and a 3-k Hz pure tone. The infants were tested with a behavioral observation test method. The young children were tested by either COR or play-audiometric test methods. The infants' responses varied as a function of the stimulus used. For this group, the 3-k Hz tone clearly produced fewer responses than did the other stimuli. This result is important for the assessment of high-frequency hearing loss in infants and young children. Differences between stimuli were not apparent for young children, although a comparison of test methods showed that play-audiometry resulted in more responses than COR audiometry, regardless of the stimulus used.