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Jia Q, Lv Y, Miao C, Feng J, Ding Y, Zhou T, Han S, He L. A new MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography analysis model based on HALO-tag technology and its applications. Talanta 2024; 268:125317. [PMID: 37879202 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is an effective method for studying receptors with multiple transmembrane structure such as MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MrgX2). CMC relies on the maintenance of the complete biological structure of a membrane receptor; however, it needs to be further improved to obtain a more convenient and stable CMC model. In the present study, the haloalkane dehalogenase protein tag (HALO-tag) technology was used to construct a new MrgX2/CMC model. The fusion receptors of MrgX2 with HALO-tag at the C terminus were expressed in HEK293 cells. The silica gel was modified with a substrate of HALO-tag (chloroalkanes) via one-step acylation for the rapid capture of fusion receptors. The new CMC model (MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model) was not only quicker to prepare but also more stable and had a longer lifespan than a previous MrgX2-SNAP-tag/CMC model. In combination with the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) system, the MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model was used to screen and identify bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicine. Using this combination, sanggenon C and morusin were identified from Mori Cortex as anti-pseudo-allergic components. The MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model alone was also applied to analyze ligand-receptor interaction. The affinity order of four ligands to MrgX2 was as follows: desipramine < imipramine < amitriptyline < clomipramine. This was consistent with the results obtained using the MrgX2-SNAP-tag/CMC model. The MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model provides ideas and application prospects for the immobilization of cell membrane that contains receptors with more transmembrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Chenyang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Jingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Tongpei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China.
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China.
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Li RR, Hu HH, Feng X, Hu CL, Ma YF, Cai B, Han LY, Ma Y. Polymorphism of ADAM12, DPP6 and PRKN genes and their associations with milk production traits in Holstein. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14497. [PMID: 37917556 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Milk production traits as the most important economic traits of dairy cows, they directly reflect the benefits of breeding and the economic benefits of pasture. In this study, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM12), Parkinson's disease gene 2 (PRKN) and dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein subtype 6 (DPP6) polymorphism in 384 Chinese Holstein cows were detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry and through statistical analysis using software such as Popgene 32, SAS 9.4 and Origin 2022, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three genes with four milk production traits such as daily milk yield (DMY), milk fat percentage (MFP), milk protein percentage (MPP) and somatic cell score (SCS) was verified at molecular level. The results showed that four polymorphic loci (116,467,133, 116,604,487, 116,618,268 and 116,835,111) of DPP6 gene, two polymorphic loci (97,665,052 and 97,159,837) of PRKN gene and two polymorphic loci (45,542,714 and 45,553,888) of ADAM12 gene were detected. PRKN-97665052, DPP6-116467133, ADAM12-45553888, DPP6-116604487 and DPP6-116835111 were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium state (p > .05). ADAM12-45542714, PRKN-97159837 and PRKN-97665052 were moderately polymorphic (0.25 ≤ PIC <0.50) in Holstein. It is evident that the selection potential and genetic variation of these five loci are relatively large, and the genetic richness is relatively high. The correlation analysis of different genotypes between these eight loci and milk production traits of Holstein showed that ADAM12-45542714 and DPP6-116835111 (p < .01) had an extremely significant effects on the DMY of Chinese Holstein in Ningxia, while PRKN-97665052 had an extremely significant effect on MFP (p < .01). The effect of PRKN-97665052 and DPP6-116467133 on MPP of Holstein were extremely significant (p < .01). DPP6-116618268 had an extremely significant effect on the SCS of Holstein in Ningxia (p < .01), and AA genotype individuals showed a higher SCS than GG genotype individuals; the other two loci (ADAM12-45553888 and DPP6-116604487) had no significant effects on milk production traits of Holstein (p > .05). In addition, through the joint analysis of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 gene loci, it was found that the interaction effect between the three gene loci could significantly affect the DMY, SCS (p < .01) and MPP (p < .05). In conclusion, several different loci of DPP6, PRKN and ADAM12 genes can affect the milk production traits of Holstein to different degrees. PRKN, DPP6 and ADAM12 genes can be used as potential candidate genes for milk production traits of Holstein for marker-assisted selection, providing theoretical basis for breeding of Holstein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong-Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chun-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan-Fen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li-Yun Han
- Ningxia Agriculture Reclamation Helanshan dairy Co.Ltd., Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Çetin M, Fındık G, Demirağ F, Türk İ, Aydoğdu K. Role of orthopedia homebox protein in subclassification of pulmonary carcinoid tumors: Retrospective analysis of 110 cases. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:786-789. [PMID: 38084533 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_210_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Orthopedia homeobox protein (OTP), highlighted as a sensitive and specific marker for pulmonary carcinoids, may provide a more objective criterion for subclassification. Materials and Methods A total of 110 patients who underwent surgery for pulmonary carcinoids (2009-2019) were included. Gender, age, application complaint, tumor diameter and location, typical and atypical tumor type, lymph node involvement, stage, recurrence, and survival data were evaluated retrospectively with OTP nuclear staining. Results The sensitivity of OTP was 66.4%. OTP in subclassifying pulmonary carcinoids was not significant. There was no significant relationship between OTP and lymph node involvement, recurrence, and survival. Conclusion OTP does not provide significant results in the subclassification of typical and atypical carcinoid tumors and the evaluation of recurrence and survival of carcinoid tumor cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Çetin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Omer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Göktürk Fındık
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Demirağ
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlteriş Türk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Aydoğdu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ataturk Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Puuvuori E, Rokka J, Carlsson PO, Li Z, Eriksson J, Eriksson O. Potential of [ 11C]UCB-J as a PET tracer for islets of Langerhans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24466. [PMID: 34963683 PMCID: PMC8714818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for the measurement of islets of Langerhans could help elucidate the etiology of diabetes. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) is a potential marker reported to be localized in the endocrine pancreas. [11C]UCB-J is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer that binds to SV2A and was previously evaluated as a synaptic marker in the central nervous system. Here, we evaluated whether [11C]UCB-J could be utilized as a PET tracer for the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas by targeting SV2A. The mRNA transcription of SV2A was evaluated in human isolated islets of Langerhans and exocrine tissue. In vitro autoradiography was performed on pancreas and brain sections from rats and pigs, and consecutive sections were immunostained for insulin. Sprague-Dawley rats were examined with PET-MRI and ex vivo autoradiography at baseline and with administration of levetiracetam (LEV). Similarly, pigs were examined with dynamic PET-CT over the pancreas and brain after administration of [11C]UCB-J at baseline and after pretreatment with LEV. In vivo radioligand binding was assessed using a one-compartment tissue model. The mRNA expression of SV2A was nearly 7 times higher in endocrine tissue than in exocrine tissue (p < 0.01). In vitro autoradiography displayed focal binding of [11C]UCB-J in the pancreas of rats and pigs, but the binding pattern did not overlap with the insulin-positive areas or with ex vivo autoradiography. In rats, pancreas binding was higher than that in negative control tissues but could not be blocked by LEV. In pigs, the pancreas and brain exhibited accumulation of [11C]UCB-J above the negative control tissue spleen. While brain binding could be blocked by pretreatment with LEV, a similar effect was not observed in the pancreas. Transcription data indicate SV2A to be a valid target for imaging islets of Langerhans, but [11C]UCB-J does not appear to have sufficient sensitivity for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Puuvuori
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 14C, 3rd floor, 75183, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhanchun Li
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 14C, 3rd floor, 75183, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjöldsv 14C, 3rd floor, 75183, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically defined by the presence of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) peptide in extracellular senile plaques and tau filaments in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Extensive research has focused on understanding the assembly mechanisms and neurotoxic effects of Aβ during the last decades but still we only have a brief understanding of the disease associated biological processes. This review highlights the many other constituents that, beside Aβ, are accumulated in the plaques, with the focus on extracellular proteins. All living organisms rely on a delicate network of protein functionality. Deposition of significant amounts of certain proteins in insoluble inclusions will unquestionably lead to disturbances in the network, which may contribute to AD and copathology. This paper provide a comprehensive overview of extracellular proteins that have been shown to interact with Aβ and a discussion of their potential roles in AD pathology. Methods that can expand the knowledge about how the proteins are incorporated in plaques are described. Top-down methods to analyze post-mortem tissue and bottom-up approaches with the potential to provide molecular insights on the organization of plaque-like particles are compared. Finally, a network analysis of Aβ-interacting partners with enriched functional and structural key words is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahafuzur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christofer Lendel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kong M, Zhou T, Xiang B. Expression of the axon guidance factor Slit2 and its receptor Robo1 in patients with Hirschsprung disease: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26981. [PMID: 34414975 PMCID: PMC8376357 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a common form of digestive tract malformation in children. However, the pathogenesis of HD is not very clear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) and roundabout 1 (Robo1) in patients with HD.From January 2018 to January 2019, 30 colon specimens from children with HD undergoing surgical resection at the Department of Surgery in Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University were obtained. These specimens were divided into the normal segment group, the transitional segment group and the spastic segment group. Immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the expression of Slit2 and Robo1 in the intestinal walls of normal, transitional, and spastic segments.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses showed high levels of the Slit2 and Robo1 proteins in normal ganglion cells in children with HD, lower levels in transitional ganglion cells, and no expression in spastic segments, with significant differences between groups (P < .05). Similarly, the real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with the Western blot analysis results.The expression of Slit2 and Robo1 decreases significantly in the spastic segment of the intestinal tract in patients with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Maraschi A, Gumina V, Dragotto J, Colombrita C, Mompeán M, Buratti E, Silani V, Feligioni M, Ratti A. SUMOylation Regulates TDP-43 Splicing Activity and Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5682-5702. [PMID: 34390468 PMCID: PMC8599232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP-43 forms abnormal cytoplasmic aggregates in the brains of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients and several molecular mechanisms promoting TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation have been proposed, including defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport, stress granules (SG) disassembly and post-translational modifications (PTM). SUMOylation is a PTM which regulates a variety of cellular processes and, similarly to ubiquitination, targets lysine residues. To investigate the possible regulatory effects of SUMOylation on TDP-43 activity and trafficking, we first assessed that TDP-43 is SUMO-conjugated in the nuclear compartment both covalently and non-covalently in the RRM1 domain at the predicted lysine 136 and SUMO-interacting motif (SIM, 106–110 residues), respectively. By using the SUMO-mutant TDP-43 K136R protein, we demonstrated that SUMOylation modifies TDP-43 splicing activity, specifically exon skipping, and influences its sub-cellular localization and recruitment to SG after oxidative stress. When promoting deSUMOylation by SENP1 enzyme over-expression or by treatment with the cell-permeable SENP1 peptide TS-1, the cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 increased, depending on its SUMOylation. Moreover, deSUMOylation by TS-1 peptide favoured the formation of small cytoplasmic aggregates of the C-terminal TDP-43 fragment p35, still containing the SUMO lysine target 136, but had no effect on the already formed p25 aggregates. Our data suggest that TDP-43 can be post-translationally modified by SUMOylation which may regulate its splicing function and trafficking, indicating a novel and druggable mechanism to explore as its dysregulation may lead to TDP-43 pathological aggregation in ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaMaria Maraschi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gumina
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Mompeán
- “Rocasolano” Institute for Physical Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari” Center, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Di Cura del Policlinico, Via Giuseppe Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan Italy
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Bai B, Vanderwall D, Li Y, Wang X, Poudel S, Wang H, Dey KK, Chen PC, Yang K, Peng J. Proteomic landscape of Alzheimer's Disease: novel insights into pathogenesis and biomarker discovery. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:55. [PMID: 34384464 PMCID: PMC8359598 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics empowers deep profiling of proteome and protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we review the advances and limitations in historic and recent AD proteomic research. Complementary to genetic mapping, proteomic studies not only validate canonical amyloid and tau pathways, but also uncover novel components in broad protein networks, such as RNA splicing, development, immunity, membrane transport, lipid metabolism, synaptic function, and mitochondrial activity. Meta-analysis of seven deep datasets reveals 2,698 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the landscape of AD brain proteome (n = 12,017 proteins/genes), covering 35 reported AD genes and risk loci. The DE proteins contain cellular markers enriched in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and epithelial cells, supporting the involvement of diverse cell types in AD pathology. We discuss the hypothesized protective or detrimental roles of selected DE proteins, emphasizing top proteins in "amyloidome" (all biomolecules in amyloid plaques) and disease progression. Comprehensive PTM analysis represents another layer of molecular events in AD. In particular, tau PTMs are correlated with disease stages and indicate the heterogeneity of individual AD patients. Moreover, the unprecedented proteomic coverage of biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid and serum, procures novel putative AD biomarkers through meta-analysis. Thus, proteomics-driven systems biology presents a new frontier to link genotype, proteotype, and phenotype, accelerating the development of improved AD models and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Current address: Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - David Vanderwall
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, ND 58202 Grand Forks, USA
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Kaushik Kumar Dey
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Ping-Chung Chen
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Ka Yang
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 38105 Memphis, TN USA
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Kelly AD, Wiklund T, Kononen J, Creeden J. STRN-ALK Fusion-Positive Case of Breast Cancer With Response to Alectinib. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.21.00142. [PMID: 34423228 PMCID: PMC8373546 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Muiño E, Fernández-Cadenas I, Arboix A. Contribution of "Omic" Studies to the Understanding of Cadasil. A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7357. [PMID: 34298974 PMCID: PMC8304933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is a small vessel disease caused by mutations in NOTCH3 that lead to an odd number of cysteines in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat domain, causing protein misfolding and aggregation. The main symptoms are migraines, psychiatric disorders, recurrent strokes, and dementia. Omic technologies allow the massive study of different molecules for understanding diseases in a non-biased manner or even for discovering targets and their possible treatments. We analyzed the progress in understanding CADASIL that has been made possible by omics sciences. For this purpose, we included studies that focused on CADASIL and used omics techniques, searching bibliographic resources, such as PubMed. We excluded studies with other phenotypes, such as migraine or leukodystrophies. A total of 18 articles were reviewed. Due to the high prevalence of NOTCH3 mutations considered pathogenic to date in genomic repositories, one can ask whether all of them produce CADASIL, different degrees of the disease, or whether they are just a risk factor for small vessel disease. Besides, proteomics and transcriptomics studies found that the molecules that are significantly altered in CADASIL are mainly related to cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix components, misfolding control, autophagia, angiogenesis, or the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway. The omics studies performed on CADASIL have been useful for understanding the biological mechanisms and could be key factors for finding potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muiño
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Israel Fernández-Cadenas
- Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics Group, Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Adrià Arboix
- Cerebrovascular Division, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Meza-León B, Gratzinger D, Aguilar-Navarro AG, Juárez-Aguilar FG, Rebel VI, Torlakovic E, Purton LE, Dorantes-Acosta EM, Escobar-Sánchez A, Dick JE, Flores-Figueroa E. Human, mouse, and dog bone marrow show similar mesenchymal stromal cells within a distinctive microenvironment. Exp Hematol 2021; 100:41-51. [PMID: 34228982 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a key part of the hematopoietic niche. Mouse and human BMSCs are recognized by different markers (LepR and NGFR/CD271, respectively). However, there has not been a detailed in situ comparison of both populations within the hematopoietic microenvironment. Moreover, dog BMSCs have not been characterized in situ by any of those markers. We conducted a systematic histopathological comparison of mouse, human, and dog BMSCs within their bone marrow architecture and microenvironment. Human and dog CD271+ BMSCs had a morphology, frequency, and distribution within trabecular bone marrow similar to those of mouse LepR+ BMSCs. However, mouse bone marrow had higher cellularity and megakaryocyte content. In conclusion, highly comparable bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell distribution among the three species establishes the validity of using mouse and dog as a surrogate experimental model of hematopoietic stem cell-BMSC interactions. However, the distinct differences in adipocyte and megakaryocyte microenvironment content of mouse bone marrow and how they might influence hematopoietic stem cell interactions as compared with humans require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Meza-León
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alicia G Aguilar-Navarro
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Fany G Juárez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México
| | - Vivienne I Rebel
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Emina Torlakovic
- Saskatchewan Health Authority (SHA), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elisa M Dorantes-Acosta
- Biobanco de Investigación en Células Leucémicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | | | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eugenia Flores-Figueroa
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, México; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Lu XJ, Li R, Chen YX, Xu XK, Shi BL. Meningioma preceding CASPR2 antibody limbic encephalitis with a stroke mimic: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26241. [PMID: 34115012 PMCID: PMC8202617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Todd paralysis (a stroke-like presentation in some patients with epilepsy) caused by limbic encephalitis (LE) is not easily distinguished from acute ischemic stroke by clinicians in the emergency room. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a contactin-associated protein-like 2-antibody (CASPR2-Ab)-positive patient who presented with atypical LE. DIAGNOSES CASPR2-Ab-positive LE was the presumed diagnosis. Re-evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples revealed autoantibodies targeting CASPR2 at an immunoglobulin G titer of 1:1. The clinical presentation of subacute onset seizures, abnormal electroencephalography, hypermetabolism on positron emission tomography, good immunotherapy response, and the presence of specific antibodies in serum supports a diagnosis of autoimmune LE. INTERVENTION The patient received glucocorticoids (1 g for 3 days and 500 mg for 3 days), immunoglobulin (25 g for 3 days), sodium valproate (1 g for 3 days), and clonazepam (1 mg for 3 days). OUTCOMES Remission of temporal lobe epilepsy symptoms and cognitive dysfunction was observed. Follow-up analysis of CSF and serological examination were not approved by the patient. His Mini-Mental State Examination score improved to 21/30. Stable remission of symptoms was achieved throughout the follow-up period of 50 days. LESSONS Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) should be considered in cases of late-onset epilepsy following meningioma peritumoral brain edema and resection. A diagnosis of AE should be considered in patients presenting with stroke-like symptoms if the magnetic resonance imaging abnormality does not match a known vascular territory. Early and correct diagnosis is crucial because immunotherapy is usually effective for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jin Lu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical, Weifang Medical University
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Weifang Medical University
| | - Yong-Xing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University), Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xian-Kai Xu
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical, Weifang Medical University
| | - Bao-Lin Shi
- Department of Neurology, Weifang People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University), Weifang, Shandong, China
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Liu Y, Li G, Li L. Targeted Top-Down Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization and Tissue-Specific Functional Discovery of Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH) and CHH Precursor-Related Peptides in Response to Low pH Stress. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:1352-1360. [PMID: 33605729 PMCID: PMC8172425 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHHs) are a family of neuropeptides that were discovered in multiple tissues in crustaceans, but the function of most isoforms remains unclear. Functional discovery often requires comprehensive qualitative profiling and quantitative analysis. The conventional enzymatic digestion method has several limitations, such as missing post-translational modification (PTM) information, homology interference, and incomplete sequence coverage. Herein, by using a targeted top-down method, facilitated by higher sensitivity instruments and hybrid fragmentation modes, we achieved the characterization of two CHH isoforms from the sinus glands (SG-CHH) and the pericardial organs (PO-CHH) from the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, with improved sequence coverage compared to earlier studies. In this study, both label-free and isotopic labeling approaches were adopted to monitor the response of CHHs and CHH precursor-related peptide (CPRP) under low pH stress. The identical trends of CPRP and CHH expression indicated that CPRP could serve as an ideal probe in tracking the CHH expression level changes, which would greatly simplify the quantitative analysis of large peptides. Furthermore, the distinct patterns of changes in the expression of CHHs in the SG and the PO suggested their tissue-specific functions in the regulation of low pH stress. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) was also employed in this study to provide conformation analysis of both CHHs and CPRPs from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
| | - Gongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706
- School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705
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14
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Mohseni F, Garmabi B, Khaksari M. Apelin-13 attenuates spatial memory impairment by anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory mechanism against ethanol neurotoxicity in the neonatal rat hippocampus. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102130. [PMID: 33640615 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that alcohol consumption by pregnant women can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Exposure to alcohol in rat pups during this period causes long-term changes in the structure of the animal's hippocampus, leading to impaired hippocampal-related brain functions such as navigation tasks and spatial memory. Apelin-13, a principal neuropeptide with inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress production, has beneficial properties on memory impairment and neuronal injury. The protective effects of apelin-13 have been evaluated on ethanol-related neurotoxicity in the hippocampus of rat pups. Rat pups from 2 until 10 postnatal day, similar to the third trimester of pregnancy in humans, were intubated total daily dose of ethanol (5/27 g/kg/day). Immediately after intubation, 25 and 50 μg/ kg of apelin-13 was injected subcutaneously. By using Morris water maze task, the hippocampus- dependent memory and spatial learning were evaluated 36 days after birth. Then, Immunohistochemical staining was done to determine the levels of GFAP and caspase-3. ELISA assay was also performed to measure both TNF-α and antioxidant enzymes levels. The current study demonstrates that administration of apelin-13 attenuates spatial memory impairment significantly (P < 0.001). After ethanol neurotoxicity, apelin-13 could also increase the catalase level (P < 0.001), activity of total superoxide dismutase as well as glutathione concentration noticeably (P < 0.05). Other impacts of it could be mentioned as attenuating TNF-α production and also preventing lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001). In addition, the results showed that the level of GFAP as a neuroinflammation factor and the number of active caspase-3 positive cells can be decreased by apelin-13 (P < 0.01). Regarding the protective effects of apelin-13 against ethanol-induced neurotoxicity, it is a promising therapeutic choice for FASD; but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Mohseni
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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15
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Zhang W, Wang L, Zhang P, Zhang Q. m6A regulators are associated with osteosarcoma metastasis and have prognostic significance: A study based on public databases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25952. [PMID: 34011074 PMCID: PMC8137066 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma represents the most common malignant bone tumor with high metastatic potential and inferior prognosis. RNA methylation (N6-methyladenosine [m6A]) is a prevalent RNA modification that epigenetically influences numerous biological processes including tumorigenesis. This study aims to determine that m6A regulators are significant biomarkers for osteosarcoma, and establish a prognostic model to predict the survival of patients. METHODS In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the underlying associations between m6A regulators' mRNA expressions and metastasis as well as prognosis of osteosarcoma patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was used to screen regulators that were significantly associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox-regression analysis was used for constructing m6A regulator-based osteosarcoma prognostic signature. RESULTS Some of the regulators exhibited aberrant mRNA levels between osteosarcoma samples with and without metastasis. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis identified several regulators with potential prognostic significance. A risk score formula consisted of methyltransferase-like 3, YTH domains of Homo sapiens, and fat mass and obesity-associated protein was obtained through which patients could be prognostically stratified independently of potential confounding factors. The signature was also significantly associated with the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma. All the analyses could be well reproduced in another independent osteosarcoma cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study first revealed potential roles of m6A regulators in osteosarcoma metastasis and prognosis, which should be helpful for its clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Mental Health Center
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, Huantai Branch, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong, China
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16
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Yu K, Niu M, Wang H, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhang B, Haroutunian V, Peng J. Global Profiling of Lysine Accessibility to Evaluate Protein Structure Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:936-945. [PMID: 33683887 PMCID: PMC8255072 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein folds into a 3D structure to execute protein activity and function, but it is still challenging to profile the 3D structure at the proteome scale. Here, we present a method of native protein tandem mass tag (TMT) profiling of Lys accessibility and its application to investigate structural alterations in human brain specimens of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this method, proteins are extracted under a native condition, labeled by TMT reagents, followed by trypsin digestion and peptide analysis using two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS). The method quantifies Lys labeling efficiency to evaluate its accessibility on the protein surface, which may be affected by protein conformations, protein modifications, and/or other molecular interactions. We systematically optimized the amount of TMT reagents, reaction time, and temperature and then analyzed protein samples under multiple conditions, including different labeling time (5 and 30 min), heat treatment, AD and normal human cases. The experiment profiled 15370 TMT-labeled peptides in 4475 proteins. As expected, the heat treatment led to extensive changes in protein conformations, with 17% of the detected proteome displaying differential labeling. Compared to the normal controls, AD brain showed different Lys accessibility of tau and RNA splicing complexes, which are the hallmarks of AD pathology, as well as proteins involved in transcription, mitochondrial, and synaptic functions. To eliminate the possibility that the observed differential Lys labeling was caused by protein level change, the whole proteome was quantified with standard TMT-LC/LC-MS/MS for normalization. Thus, this native protein TMT method enables the proteome-wide measurement of Lys accessibility, representing a straightforward strategy to explore protein structure in any biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Yu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mingming Niu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multi-scale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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17
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Barbier M, González JA, Houdayer C, Burdakov D, Risold P, Croizier S. Projections from the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to hypothalamic nuclei in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:929-956. [PMID: 32678476 PMCID: PMC7891577 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As stressful environment is a potent modulator of feeding, we seek in the present work to decipher the neuroanatomical basis for an interplay between stress and feeding behaviors. For this, we combined anterograde and retrograde tracing with immunohistochemical approaches to investigate the patterns of projections between the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), well connected to the amygdala, and hypothalamic structures such as the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH), the arcuate (ARH) nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic areas (LHA) known to control feeding and motivated behaviors. We particularly focused our study on afferences to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), melanin-concentrating-hormone (MCH) and orexin (ORX) neurons characteristics of the ARH and the LHA, respectively. We found light to intense innervation of all these hypothalamic nuclei. We particularly showed an innervation of POMC, AgRP, MCH and ORX neurons by the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions of the BNST. Therefore, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of the stress-related feeding behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
- Department of PsychiatrySeaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Antonio González
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- The Rowett Institute, School of MedicineMedical Sciences and Nutrition, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Denis Burdakov
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
- Neurobehavioural Dynamics Lab, Institute for Neuroscience, D‐HESTSwiss Federal Institute of Technology / ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre‐Yves Risold
- EA481, Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, UFR SantéUniversité Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Sophie Croizier
- University of LausanneCenter for Integrative GenomicsLausanneSwitzerland
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18
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Xie YY, Meng HM, Zhang FX, Maimaiti B, Jiang T, Yang Y. Involuntary movement in stiff-person syndrome with amphiphysin antibodies: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24312. [PMID: 33546061 PMCID: PMC7837982 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurological immune disorder characterized by progressive axial and proximal limb muscle rigidity, stiffness, and painful muscle spasms. Amphiphysin antibodies are positive in approximately 5% of SPS patients. To date, there have been no relevant reports on involuntary movement in cases of SPS with amphiphysin antibodies. PATIENT CONCERNS We describe the case of a 69-year-old man with a 2-year history of progressive stiffness in the neck, bilateral shoulders, and chest muscles, and a more-than-a-year history of dyspnea accompanied by mandibular involuntary movement. The patient was a vegetarian and had good health in the past. The family's medical history was unremarkable. DIAGNOSES He was diagnosed with SPS based on the progressive muscle stiffness, the amphiphysin antibody seropositivity, the continuous motor activity on electromyography, and the effective treatment with benzodiazepines. INTERVENTIONS The patient was orally administered clonazepam and baclofen, and corticosteroid IV followed by prednisone orally. OUTCOMES In the hospital, after treatment with methylprednisolone, clonazepam, and baclofen, the patient's rigidity, stiffness, and dyspnea significantly improved. The involuntary movement of the mandible persisted throughout the treatment process. Currently, under oral treatment with baclofen and clonazepam, the patient's symptoms of muscle stiffness and dyspnea exist, and follow-up is continued. LESSONS We report a rare and novel case of involuntary movement in SPS with amphiphysin antibodies. The present report explores the relationship between SPS and involuntary movement and expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations of SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Abstract
Vitrification is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies. However, the nervous system of vitrification offspring is of concern, and research on this is lacking. Vitrification-born mice (vitrification group), conventional in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer pregnancy-born mice (IVF group), and natural pregnancy-born mice (control group) were used to study the effects of vitrification of mouse embryos on protein levels in the brain of offspring. Proteins differentially expressed among the three groups were analyzed using proteomic methods, including two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the expression of differentially expressed proteins, such as Actb and Actg1, in each group. Twenty differentially expressed proteins in the brain tissue were identified using two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were related to the development of anatomical structure, signal transduction, transport, cell differentiation, and stress response (biological processes) and the binding of molecules in vivo (molecular functions). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in 54 pathways, including phagosome, metabolic pathway, apoptosis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Thus, embryo vitrification may cause some changes in the mouse brain at the protein level, necessitating further safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, China
| | - Yangxing Wen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canquan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengyan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Yu L, Tasaki S, Schneider JA, Arfanakis K, Duong DM, Wingo AP, Wingo TS, Kearns N, Thatcher GRJ, Seyfried NT, Levey AI, De Jager PL, Bennett DA. Cortical Proteins Associated With Cognitive Resilience in Community-Dwelling Older Persons. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:1172-1180. [PMID: 32609320 PMCID: PMC7330835 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identifying genes and proteins for cognitive resilience (ie, targets that may be associated with slowing or preventing cognitive decline regardless of the presence, number, or combination of common neuropathologic conditions) provides a complementary approach to developing novel therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Objective To identify proteins associated with cognitive resilience via a proteome-wide association study of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used data from 391 community-dwelling older persons who participated in the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project. The Religious Orders Study began enrollment January 1, 1994, and the Rush Memory and Aging Project began enrollment September 1, 1997, and data were collected and analyzed through October 23, 2019. Exposures Participants had undergone annual detailed clinical examinations, postmortem evaluations, and tandem mass tag proteomics analyses. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome of cognitive resilience was defined as a longitudinal change in cognition over time after controlling for common age-related neuropathologic indices, including Alzheimer disease, Lewy bodies, transactive response DNA-binding protein 43, hippocampal sclerosis, infarcts, and vessel diseases. More than 8000 high abundance proteins were quantified from frozen dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue using tandem mass tag and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results There were 391 participants (273 women); their mean (SD) age was 79.7 (6.7) years at baseline and 89.2 (6.5) years at death. Eight cortical proteins were identified in association with cognitive resilience: a higher level of NRN1 (estimate, 0.140; SE, 0.024; P = 7.35 × 10-9), ACTN4 (estimate, 0.321; SE, 0.065; P = 9.94 × 10-7), EPHX4 (estimate, 0.198; SE, 0.042; P = 2.13 × 10-6), RPH3A (estimate, 0.148; SE, 0.031; P = 2.58 × 10-6), SGTB (estimate, 0.211; SE, 0.045; P = 3.28 × 10-6), CPLX1 (estimate, 0.136; SE, 0.029; P = 4.06 × 10-6), and SH3GL1 (estimate, 0.179; SE, 0.039; P = 4.21 × 10-6) and a lower level of UBA1 (estimate, -0.366; SE, 0.076; P = 1.43 × 10-6) were associated with greater resilience. Conclusions and Relevance These protein signals may represent novel targets for the maintenance of cognition in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aliza P. Wingo
- Division of Mental Health, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicola Kearns
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory R. J. Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago
| | | | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Brown HE, Evans TA. Minimal structural elements required for midline repulsive signaling and regulation of Drosophila Robo1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241150. [PMID: 33091076 PMCID: PMC7580999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance receptors has a conserved ectodomain arrangement of five immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains plus three fibronectin type III (Fn) repeats. Based on the strong evolutionary conservation of this domain structure among Robo receptors, as well as in vitro structural and domain-domain interaction studies of Robo family members, this ectodomain arrangement is predicted to be important for Robo receptor signaling in response to Slit ligands. Here, we define the minimal ectodomain structure required for Slit binding and midline repulsive signaling in vivo by Drosophila Robo1. We find that the majority of the Robo1 ectodomain is dispensable for both Slit binding and repulsive signaling. We show that a significant level of midline repulsive signaling activity is retained when all Robo1 ectodomain elements apart from Ig1 are deleted, and that the combination of Ig1 plus one additional ectodomain element (Ig2, Ig5, or Fn3) is sufficient to restore midline repulsion to wild type levels. Further, we find that deleting four out of five Robo1 Ig domains (ΔIg2-5) does not affect negative regulation of Robo1 by Commissureless (Comm) or Robo2, while variants lacking all three fibronectin repeats (ΔFn1-3 and ΔIg2-Fn3) are insensitive to regulation by both Comm and Robo2, signifying a novel regulatory role for Robo1's Fn repeats. Our results provide an in vivo perspective on the importance of the conserved 5+3 ectodomain structure of Robo receptors, and suggest that specific biochemical properties and/or ectodomain structural conformations observed in vitro for domains other than Ig1 may have limited significance for in vivo signaling in the context of midline repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Muller PA, Matheis F, Schneeberger M, Kerner Z, Jové V, Mucida D. Microbiota-modulated CART + enteric neurons autonomously regulate blood glucose. Science 2020; 370:314-321. [PMID: 32855216 PMCID: PMC7886298 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota affects tissue physiology, metabolism, and function of both the immune and nervous systems. We found that intrinsic enteric-associated neurons (iEANs) in mice are functionally adapted to the intestinal segment they occupy; ileal and colonic neurons are more responsive to microbial colonization than duodenal neurons. Specifically, a microbially responsive subset of viscerofugal CART+ neurons, enriched in the ileum and colon, modulated feeding and glucose metabolism. These CART+ neurons send axons to the prevertebral ganglia and are polysynaptically connected to the liver and pancreas. Microbiota depletion led to NLRP6- and caspase 11-dependent loss of CART+ neurons and impaired glucose regulation. Hence, iEAN subsets appear to be capable of regulating blood glucose levels independently from the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Muller
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Fanny Matheis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Jové
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Yu J, Cho E, Choi YG, Jeong YK, Na Y, Kim JS, Cho SR, Woo JS, Bae S. Purification of an Intact Human Protein Overexpressed from Its Endogenous Locus via Direct Genome Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1591-1598. [PMID: 32584551 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction and purification of human proteins is a requisite of both basic and medical research. Although many recombinant human proteins have been purified, current protein production methods have several limitations; recombinant proteins are frequently truncated, fail to fold properly, and/or lack appropriate post-translational modifications. In addition, such methods require subcloning of the target gene into relevant plasmids, which can be difficult for long proteins with repeated domains. Here we devised a novel method for target protein production by introduction of a strong promoter for overexpression and an epitope tag for purification in front of the endogenous human gene, in a sense performing molecular cloning directly in the human genome, which does not require cloning of the target gene. As a proof of concept, we successfully purified intact human Reelin protein, which is lengthy (3460 amino acids) and contains repeating domains, and confirmed that it was biologically functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunju Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Gil Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - You Kyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Yongwoo Na
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, South Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Science and Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Tanaka K, Kawamura M, Sakimura K, Kato N. Significance of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitis in Relation to Antigen Localization: An Outline of Frequently Reported Autoantibodies with a Non-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144941. [PMID: 32668637 PMCID: PMC7404295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases propel research on paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). This syndrome develops autoantibodies in combination with certain neurological syndromes and cancers, such as anti-HuD antibodies in encephalomyelitis with small cell lung cancer and anti-Yo antibodies in cerebellar degeneration with gynecological cancer. These autoantibodies have roles in the diagnosis of neurological diseases and early detection of cancers that are usually occult. Most of these autoantibodies have no pathogenic roles in neuronal dysfunction directly. Instead, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are thought to have direct roles in neuronal damage. The recent discoveries of autoantibodies against neuronal synaptic receptors/channels produced in patients with autoimmune encephalomyelitis have highlighted insights into our understanding of the variable neurological symptoms in this disease. It has also improved our understanding of intractable epilepsy, atypical psychosis, and some demyelinating diseases that are ameliorated with immune therapies. The production and motility of these antibodies through the blood-brain barrier into the CNS remains unknown. Most of these recently identified autoantibodies bind to neuronal and glial cell surface synaptic receptors, potentially altering the synaptic signaling process. The clinical features differ among pathologies based on antibody targets. The investigation of these antibodies provides a deeper understanding of the background of neurological symptoms in addition to novel insights into their basic neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-0624; Fax: +81-25-227-0816
| | - Meiko Kawamura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
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Bakhtazad A, Vousooghi N, Nasehi M, Sanadgol N, Garmabi B, Zarrindast MR. The effect of microinjection of CART 55-102 into the nucleus accumbens shell on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor. Peptides 2020; 129:170319. [PMID: 32335205 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The addictive properties of opioids may be mediated to some extent by cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the reward pathway. Moreover, some claims CART interacts with the glutamate system. Here, we evaluated whether intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell infusions of CART induces Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) or Conditioned Place Aversion (CPA) and affects morphine reward. We also measured NR1 subunit expressions of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in various parts of the reward pathway (NAc, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) after conditioning tests. Animals with bilateral intra-NAc shell cannulas were place-conditioned with several doses of subcutaneous morphine prior to intra-NAc shell infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed a dose-dependent increase in the NR1 expression in all examined parts. When rats were conditioned with intra-NAc shell infusions of CART, CPP and CPA induced with 2.5 and 5 μg/side respectively and IHC showed NR1elevation with 2.5 and reduction with 5 μg/side in all areas. Sub-rewarding dose of CART administration (1.25 μg/side) prior to sub-rewarding dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) induced CPP and NR1 increased in all examined tissues in IHC. However, infusion of an aversive dose of CART (5 μg/side) prior to the rewarding dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) produced neither CPP nor CPA and NR1 in the NAc and hippocampus decreased significantly. It seems that the rewarding or aversive effects of intra-NAc shell CART and its facilitating or inhibiting effects on morphine reward are dose-dependent. Additionally, NMDA may be closely involved in the affective properties of opioids and CART in the reward pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarrindast
- Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Li Q, Shi Y, Sa R, Hao J, Hu J, Xiao M, Wang C, Yan L, Qiao B, Chen G. Altered staining patterns and expression level of Engrailed-2 in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate Cancer predict prostatic disease progression. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:555. [PMID: 32539763 PMCID: PMC7296936 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC), a common malignant tumor, is the second-leading cause of cancer death among American men. Its successful treatment greatly relies on the early diagnose. Engrailed-2 (EN2) has been confirmed being existed with a high level in the urine of PC patients. In this study, to explore the application of EN2 in PC, we detected the immunohistochemical staining difference and EN2 expression level between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PC. METHODS We developed a monoclonal antibody against the helix 3 in EN2 and confirmed its specificity with Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of endogenous and exogenous EN2 in three PC cell lines (LNCap, PC3, and DU145). We conducted immunohistochemical staining using this homemade antibody, and RT-PCR to detect the expression of EN2 in 25 PC and 25 BPH cases, and analyzed the correlation of EN2 expression and PC clinical staging. RESULTS The results of WB and immunofluorescence showed our homemade EN2 monoclonal antibody could specifically bind endogenous and exogenous EN2 protein in three different PC cell lines. Endogenous EN2 was generally expressed in the cytoplasm and exogenous EN2 mostly existed in the nucleus of these cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining in PC had extremely stronger signals than that in BPH, suggesting a higher EN2 expression level in PC, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. Interestingly, the stained areas in BPH tissues were mainly in nucleus and cytoplasm, while in PC tissues were mainly on cytomembrane. Moreover, the expression level of EN2 was positively correlated with the PC clinical staging. CONCLUSION Using our homemade EN2 antibody, we have found different staining patterns and expression level of EN2 in BPH and PC,which may be helpful to predict prostatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yibo Shi
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Rigai Sa
- Beijing Gegen biotechnology co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hao
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Interdisciplinary life science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Jinhao Hu
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Mulun Xiao
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Chaoliang Wang
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Liang Yan
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Baoping Qiao
- grid.412633.1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Guoxun Chen
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN USA
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27
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Yin J, Reiman EM, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Sabbagh MN, Nielsen M, Caselli RJ, Shi J. Effect of ApoE isoforms on mitochondria in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2020; 94:e2404-e2411. [PMID: 32457210 PMCID: PMC7455369 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ApoE isoforms affect mitochondrial structure and function that are related to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD), we systematically investigated the effects of ApoE isoforms on mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive performance in AD. METHODS We obtained postmortem human brain tissues and measured proteins that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α [PGC-1α] and sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]), for mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 1 [MFN1], mitofusin 2 [MFN2], and dynamin-like protein 1 [DLP1]), for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2] and forkhead-box protein O3a [Foxo3a]), and for synapses (postsynaptic density protein 95 [PSD95] and synapsin1 [Syn1]). A total of 46 cases were enrolled, including ApoE-ɛ4 carriers (n = 21) and noncarriers (n = 25). RESULTS Levels of these proteins were compared between ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and noncarriers. ApoE-ɛ4 was associated with impaired mitochondrial structure and function, oxidative stress, and synaptic integrity in the human brain. Correlation analysis revealed that mitochondrial proteins and the synaptic protein were strongly associated with cognitive performance. CONCLUSION ApoE isoforms influence mitochondrial structure and function, which likely leads to alteration in oxidative stress, synapses, and cognitive function. These mitochondria-related proteins may be a harbinger of cognitive decline in ApoE-ɛ4 carriers and provide novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Yin
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Eric M Reiman
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Thomas G Beach
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Megan Nielsen
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Richard J Caselli
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Jiong Shi
- From the Barrow Neurological Institute (J.Y., M.N.S., M.N., J.S.), St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ; Banner Alzheimer's Institute (E.M.R.), Phoenix, AZ; Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology (T.G.B., G.E.S.), Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (M.N.S.), Las Vegas, NV; School of Life Sciences (M.N.), Arizona State University, Tempe; Department of Neurology (R.J.C.), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (J.S.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (J.S.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing.
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Johnson ECB, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Ping L, Zhou M, Yin L, Higginbotham LA, Guajardo A, White B, Troncoso JC, Thambisetty M, Montine TJ, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Haroutunian V, Wang M, Schadt E, Zhang B, Dickson DW, Ertekin-Taner N, Golde TE, Petyuk VA, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Wingo TS, Rangaraju S, Hajjar I, Shulman JM, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Seyfried NT. Large-scale proteomic analysis of Alzheimer's disease brain and cerebrospinal fluid reveals early changes in energy metabolism associated with microglia and astrocyte activation. Nat Med 2020; 26:769-780. [PMID: 32284590 PMCID: PMC7405761 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology remains incomplete. Here we used quantitative mass spectrometry and coexpression network analysis to conduct the largest proteomic study thus far on AD. A protein network module linked to sugar metabolism emerged as one of the modules most significantly associated with AD pathology and cognitive impairment. This module was enriched in AD genetic risk factors and in microglia and astrocyte protein markers associated with an anti-inflammatory state, suggesting that the biological functions it represents serve a protective role in AD. Proteins from this module were elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in early stages of the disease. In this study of >2,000 brains and nearly 400 cerebrospinal fluid samples by quantitative proteomics, we identify proteins and biological processes in AD brains that may serve as therapeutic targets and fluid biomarkers for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C B Johnson
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maotian Zhou
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luming Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Department of Pathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Arizona State University and University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- JJ Peters VA Medical Center MIRECC, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurologic Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Moreno-Rodriguez M, Perez SE, Nadeem M, Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ. Frontal cortex chitinase and pentraxin neuroinflammatory alterations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:58. [PMID: 32066474 PMCID: PMC7025403 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), chitinase 3-like 2 (CHI3L2), and neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) are inflammatory biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies have demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid levels of these proteins are changed in AD, no studies have undertaken a detailed examination of alterations in protein levels, cellular expression, and interaction with amyloid in the brain during the progression of AD. METHODS The study evaluated levels of both CHI3L1 and CHI3L2, NPTX2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), complement component 1q (C1q), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CD44, in the frontal cortex of people who died with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild/moderate AD (mAD), and severe AD (sAD) using immunoblot and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS CHI3L1-immunoreactive (-ir) astrocyte numbers were increased in the frontal cortex and white matter in sAD compared to NCI. On the other hand, increases in GFAP and Iba1-ir cell numbers were observed in MCI compared to NCI but only in white matter. Western blot analyses revealed significantly lower frontal cortex CHI3L2 levels, whereas CD44 levels were increased in sAD. No significant differences for CHI3L1, GFAP, C1q, and NPTX2 protein levels were detected between clinical groups. Strong significant correlations were found between frontal cortex CHI3L1 and Iba1-ir cell numbers in white matter and CHI3L1 and C1q protein levels in the early stages of the disease. C1q and Iba1, CD44 with CHI3L2, and GFAP protein levels were associated during disease progression. CHI3L1 and Iba1 cell numbers in white matter showed a significant associations with episodic memory and perceptual speed. CONCLUSIONS White matter CHI3L1 inflammatory response is associated with cognitive impairment early in the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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30
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Depciuch J, Tołpa B, Witek P, Szmuc K, Kaznowska E, Osuchowski M, Król P, Cebulski J. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy in determining the chemical changes in healthy brain tissues and glioblastoma tumor tissues. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 225:117526. [PMID: 31655362 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a particularly malignant form of primary brain tumor. This cancer accounts for 12-15% of all brain tumors. Despite the advances in neurosurgery, radio and chemotherapy the average survival rate is only 12.1-16.6 months. This is due not only to the late diagnosis of the disease, but also to ineffective treatment methods which result from the still low knowledge about the causes of glioblastoma development. Therefore, it is very important to look for new diagnostic methods of detection of the smallest features of cancer. Raman and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can be such methods. In this paper we discuss the chemical composition of sample glioblastoma brain tissues and marginal brain tissues using these two spectroscopy methods. Raman and FTIR spectra of cancer brain tissues showed that the highest differences in the chemical composition, compared to the control brain tissue, occur in the areas corresponding to lipids, collagen and proteins. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy also showed significant changes in the cancer tissues in the phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Interestingly, FTIR spectra after Kramers-Kronig transformations showed signals only for three peaks which corresponded to the vibrations of lipid function groups. Adjustment of the Lorenz function for these three peaks showed that only in the case of cancerous tissues the number of matching lines is different, compared to the control and marginal tissues. Therefore, we assume that lipids could be a spectroscopic marker for brain tumor. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that chemical changes seen between cancer and control tissues are significant and it is possible to differentiate the infected tissue from the healthy one. Interestingly, the PCA analysis also showed that adjacent brain tissues have different chemical composition than the control tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - B Tołpa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Nr 2 in Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, 35-309, Poland
| | - P Witek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - K Szmuc
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - E Kaznowska
- Department of Patomorphology, Chair of Morphological Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Poland
| | - M Osuchowski
- Department of Patomorphology, Chair of Morphological Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Poland
| | - P Król
- Department of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - J Cebulski
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre of Innovation and Transfer of Natural Sciences and Engineering Knowledge, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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31
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Pires G, McElligott S, Drusinsky S, Halliday G, Potier MC, Wisniewski T, Drummond E. Secernin-1 is a novel phosphorylated tau binding protein that accumulates in Alzheimer's disease and not in other tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:195. [PMID: 31796108 PMCID: PMC6892024 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified Secernin-1 (SCRN1) as a novel amyloid plaque associated protein using localized proteomics. Immunohistochemistry studies confirmed that SCRN1 was present in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites and also revealed distinct and abundant co-localization with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Little is known about the physiological function of SCRN1 and its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases has not been studied. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive study of SCRN1 distribution in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunohistochemistry was used to map SCRN1 accumulation throughout the progression of AD in a cohort of 58 patients with a range of NFT pathology (Abundant NFT, n = 21; Moderate NFT, n = 22; Low/No NFT, n = 15), who were clinically diagnosed as having AD, mild cognitive impairment or normal cognition. SCRN1 accumulation was also examined in two cases with both Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD)-Tau and AD-related neuropathology, cases of Down Syndrome (DS) with AD (n = 5), one case of hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis - Dutch type (HCHWA-D) and other non-AD tauopathies including: primary age-related tauopathy (PART, [n = 5]), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD, [n = 5]), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP, [n = 5]) and Pick's disease (PiD, [n = 4]). Immunohistochemistry showed that SCRN1 was a neuronal protein that abundantly accumulated in NFTs and plaque-associated dystrophic neurites throughout the progression of AD. Quantification of SCRN1 immunohistochemistry confirmed that SCRN1 preferentially accumulated in NFTs in comparison to surrounding non-tangle containing neurons at both early and late stages of AD. Similar results were observed in DS with AD and PART. However, SCRN1 did not co-localize with phosphorylated tau inclusions in CBD, PSP or PiD. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that SCRN1 interacted with phosphorylated tau in human AD brain tissue. Together, these results suggest that SCRN1 is uniquely associated with tau pathology in AD, DS and PART. As such, SCRN1 has potential as a novel therapeutic target and could serve as a useful biomarker to distinguish AD from other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Pires
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sacha McElligott
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shiron Drusinsky
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain & Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Departments of Pathology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Rm 1017, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Brain & Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Liu L, Pei YF, Liu TL, Hu WZ, Yang XL, Li SC, Hai R, Ran S, Zhao LJ, Shen H, Tian Q, Xiao HM, Zhang K, Deng HW, Zhang L. Identification of a 1p21 independent functional variant for abdominal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2480-2490. [PMID: 30944420 PMCID: PMC6776704 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aiming to uncover the genetic basis of abdominal obesity, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of trunk fat mass adjusted by trunk lean mass (TFMadj) and followed by a series of functional investigations. SUBJECTS A total of 11,569 subjects from six samples were included into the GWAS meta-analysis. METHODS Meta-analysis was performed by a weighted fixed-effects model. In silico replication analysis was performed in the UK-Biobank (UKB) sample (N = 331,093) and in the GIANT study (N up to 110,204). Cis-expression QTL (cis-eQTL) analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) were conducted to examine the functional relevance of the identified SNPs. At last, differential gene expression analysis (DGEA) was performed. RESULTS We identified an independent SNP rs12409479 at 1p21 (MAF = 0.07, p = 7.26 × 10-10), whose association was replicated by the analysis of TFM in the UKB sample (one-sided p = 3.39 × 10-3), and was cross-validated by the analyses of BMI (one-sided p = 0.03) and WHRadj (one-sided p = 0.04) in the GIANT study. Cis-eQTL analysis demonstrated that allele A at rs12409479 was positively associated with PTBP2 expression level in subcutaneous adipose tissue (N = 385, p = 4.15 × 10-3). Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that the region repressed PTBP2 gene expression by downregulating PTBP2 promoter activity (p < 0.001), and allele A at rs12409479 induced higher luciferase activity than allele G did (p = 4.15 × 10-3). EMSA experiment implied that allele A was more capable of binding to unknown transcription factors than allele G. Lastly, DGEA showed that the level of PTBP2 expression was higher in individuals with obesity than in individuals without obesity (N = 20 and 11, p = 0.04 and 9.22 × 10-3), suggesting a regulatory role in obesity development. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we hypothesize a regulating path from rs12409479 to trunk fat mass development through its allelic specific regulation of PTBP2 gene expression, thus providing some novel insight into the genetic basis of abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao-Le Liu
- Center for Circadian Clock, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Hu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan-Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Hai
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shu Ran
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Juan Zhao
- Tulane Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 410000, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics Facility of Xavier NIH RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, 70125, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 410000, Changsha, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Xu M, Bohlen JK, Moore C, Nipper MA, Finn DA, Jones CE, Lim MM, Meshul CK. Effects of sleep disruption on stress, nigrostriatal markers, and behavior in a chronic/progressive MPTP male mouse model of parkinsonism. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1706-1719. [PMID: 31535395 PMCID: PMC6801095 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep complaints are an early clinical symptom of neurodegenerative disorders. Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience sleep disruption (SD). The objective of this study was to determine if preexisting, chronic SD leads to a greater loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) within the striatum and the substantia nigra following chronic/progressive exposure with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Male mice underwent chronic SD for 4 weeks, then injected with vehicle (VEH) or increasing doses of MPTP for 4 weeks. There was a significant decrease in the plasma corticosterone levels in the MPTP group, an increase in the SD group, and a return to the VEH levels in the SD+MPTP group. Protein expression levels for TH in the striatum (terminals) and substantia nigra pars compacta (dopamine [DA] cell counts) revealed up to a 78% and 38% decrease, respectively, in the MPTP and SD+MPTP groups compared to their relevant VEH and SD groups. DA transporter protein expression increased in the striatum in the MPTP versus VEH group and in the SN/midbrain between the SD+MPTP and the VEH group. There was a main effect of MPTP on various gait measures (e.g., braking) relative to the SD or VEH groups. In the SD+MPTP group, there were no differences compared to the VEH group. Thus, SD, prior to administration of MPTP, has effects on serum corticosterone and gait but more importantly does not potentiate greater loss of TH within the nigrostriatal pathway compared to the MPTP group, suggesting that in PD patients with SD, there is no exacerbation of the DA cell loss.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Animals
- Corpus Striatum/enzymology
- Corpus Striatum/pathology
- Corticosterone/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/analysis
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/etiology
- Gait Disorders, Neurologic/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Oxidopamine/toxicity
- Parkinsonian Disorders/complications
- Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism
- Single-Blind Method
- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic/blood
- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic/etiology
- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic/physiopathology
- Stress, Physiological
- Substantia Nigra/enzymology
- Substantia Nigra/pathology
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/analysis
- Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Xu
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
| | | | | | | | - Deborah A. Finn
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Heath & Science University
| | - Carolyn E. Jones
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Heath & Science University
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Heath & Science University
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Charles K. Meshul
- Research Services, VA Medical Center/Portland, OR
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Heath & Science University
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University
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Hanzel M, Rook V, Wingate RJT. Mitotic granule cell precursors undergo highly dynamic morphological transitions throughout the external germinal layer of the chick cerebellum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15218. [PMID: 31645601 PMCID: PMC6811643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing cerebellum of amniotes is characterised by a unique, transient, secondary proliferation zone: the external germinal layer (EGL). The EGL is comprised solely of granule cell precursors, whose progeny migrate inwardly to form the internal granule cell layer. While a range of cell morphologies in the EGL has long been known, how they reflect the cells' differentiation status has previously only been inferred. Observations have suggested a deterministic maturation from outer to inner EGL that we wished to test experimentally. To do this, we electroporated granule cell precursors in chick with plasmids encoding fluorescent proteins and probed labelled cells with markers of both proliferation (phosphohistone H3) and differentiation (Axonin1/TAG1 and NeuroD1). We show that granule cell precursors can display a range of complex forms throughout the EGL while mitotically active. Overexpression of full length NeuroD1 within granule cell precursors does not abolish proliferation, but biases granule cells towards precocious differentiation, alters their migration path and results in a smaller and less foliated cerebellum. Our results show that granule cells show a greater flexibility in differentiation than previously assumed. We speculate that this allows the EGL to regulate its proliferative activity in response to overall patterns of cerebellar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Hanzel
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4th floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Victoria Rook
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4th floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E4 1NS, UK
| | - Richard J T Wingate
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4th floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
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35
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Kishimoto Y, Zhu W, Hosoda W, Sen JM, Mattson MP. Chronic Mild Gut Inflammation Accelerates Brain Neuropathology and Motor Dysfunction in α-Synuclein Mutant Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:239-249. [PMID: 31079293 PMCID: PMC6701950 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging findings suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology (α-synuclein accumulation) and neuronal dysfunction may occur first in peripheral neurons of the autonomic nervous system including the enteric branches of the vagus nerve. The risk of PD increases greatly in people over the age of 65, a period of life in which chronic inflammation is common in many organ systems including the gut. Here we report that chronic mild focal intestinal inflammation accelerates the age of disease onset in α-synuclein mutant PD mice. Wild-type and PD mice treated with 0.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water for 12 weeks beginning at 3 months of age exhibited histological and biochemical features of mild gut inflammation. The age of onset of motor dysfunction, evaluated using a rotarod test, gait analysis, and grip strength measurements, was significantly earlier in DSS-treated PD mice compared to control PD mice. Levels of the dopaminergic neuron marker tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum and numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra were reduced in PD mice with gut inflammation. Levels of total and phosphorylated α-synuclein were elevated in enteric and brain neurons in DSS-treated PD mice, suggesting that mild gut inflammation accelerates α-synuclein pathology. Markers of inflammation in the colon and brain, but not in the blood, were elevated in DSS-treated PD mice, consistent with retrograde transneuronal propagation of α-synuclein pathology and neuroinflammation from the gut to the brain. Our findings suggest that interventions that reduce gut inflammation may prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jyoti M Sen
- Immune Cells and Inflammation Section, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Immunology Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21105, USA.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Winer JR, Mander BA, Helfrich RF, Maass A, Harrison TM, Baker SL, Knight RT, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep as a Potential Biomarker of Tau and β-Amyloid Burden in the Human Brain. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6315-6324. [PMID: 31209175 PMCID: PMC6687908 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0503-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent proposals suggest that sleep may be a factor associated with accumulation of two core pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD): tau and β-amyloid (Aβ). Here we combined PET measures of Aβ and tau, electroencephalogram sleep recordings, and retrospective sleep evaluations to investigate the potential utility of sleep measures in predicting in vivo AD pathology in male and female older adults. Regression analyses revealed that the severity of impaired slow oscillation-sleep spindle coupling predicted greater medial temporal lobe tau burden. Aβ burden was not associated with coupling impairment but instead predicted the diminished amplitude of <1 Hz slow-wave-activity, results that were statistically dissociable from each other. Additionally, comparisons of AD pathology and retrospective, self-reported changes in sleep duration demonstrated that changes in sleep across the lifespan can predict late-life Aβ and tau burden. Thus, quantitative and qualitative features of human sleep represent potential noninvasive, cost-effective, and scalable biomarkers (current and future forecasting) of AD pathology, and carry both therapeutic and public health implications.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Several studies have linked sleep disruption to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ), the primary pathological features of AD, are associated with both objective and subjective changes in sleep. However, it remains unknown whether late life tau and Aβ burden are associated with distinct impairments in sleep physiology or changes in sleep across the lifespan. Using polysomnography, retrospective questionnaires, and tau- and Aβ-specific PET, the present study reveals human sleep signatures that dissociably predict levels of brain tau and Aβ in older adults. These results suggest that a night of polysomnography may aid in evaluating tau and Aβ burden, and that treating sleep deficiencies within decade-specific time windows may serve in delaying AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Winer
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Orange, California 92697
| | - Randolph F Helfrich
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anne Maass
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg 39120, Germany, and
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Center for Human Sleep Science, Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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Li T, Li S, Gao X, Cai Q, Li XJ. Expression and Localization of Huntingtin-Associated Protein 1 (HAP1) in the Human Digestive System. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1486-1492. [PMID: 30560333 PMCID: PMC6525053 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is a neuronal protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons in the brain. HAP1 is critical for maintenance of neuronal survival as well as regulation of food intake and body weight in animals. In addition to the critical
role of HAP1 in the central nervous system, HAP1 is also found in endocrine cells, raising an interesting issue of whether HAP1 is expressed in the digestive system. AIMS To examine the expression and localization of HAP1 in the human gastrointestinal tract and to compare the differences of the HAP1 expression between benign and malignant tissues in the digestive system. METHODS We used Western blot and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression and distribution of HAP1 in the human gastrointestinal tract tissues. RESULTS We observed that the presence of HAP1-positive cells in the gastrointestinal tract was not uniform with immunohistochemistry staining. Western blot revealed that only one isoform (75KD) HAP1 was present in the human gastrointestinal system. Interestingly, the expression of HAP1 was higher in the stomach than other regions of the gastrointestinal tract and was at the lowest level in the intestine. We also found that HAP1 was unlikely altered in benign gastric polyps, but was downregulated in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing the differential expression and location of HAP1 in the human digestive system. These findings suggested that HAP1 may have cell-type-dependent function in the gastrointestinal tract and may serve as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, B1262, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shihua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, Shandong, China
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, B1262, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Qiang Cai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, B1262, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Cai Z, Li S, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Huang Y. PET imaging of synaptic density: A new tool for investigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurosci Lett 2019; 691:44-50. [PMID: 30075287 PMCID: PMC6339829 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is expressed ubiquitously in neurons of the central nervous system, and is the binding target of the anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam. Because of the availability of positron emission tomography (PET) ligands targeting SV2A, there is increasing enthusiasm on the use of SV2A PET to study a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review discusses the recent development of radioligands for PET imaging of SV2A and their potential use in the research and diagnosis of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Songye Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Abstract
Deregulated Hedgehog signalling is a driver of basal cell carcinomas. One effector of the Hedgehog pathway is n-MYC. c/n-MYC proteins, NAMPT and DBC1 are linked to SIRT1 in a positive feedback loop that may contribute to tumorigenesis of basal cell carcinoma. In 5 basal cell carcinoma types immunohistochemistry revealed n-MYC, NAMPT and SIRT1 expression. DBC1 was homogenously expressed in all epithelial cells. NAMPT, SIRT1 and c-MYC were expressed in the stratum basale of human and murine skin. In hair follicles NAMPT and SIRT1 were expressed together with c-MYC and n-MYC, except for the matrix, where n-MYC was strongly positive, but c-MYC expression was absent. Therefore, a common pathway connecting n-MYC, NAMPT and SIRT1 may be active in basal cell carcinomas and in their cells of origin. This pathway may contribute to the development of basal cell carcinomas. Targeting factors in the feedback loop may offer novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology , Ludwig-Maximilians University, Thalkirchnerstr. 36, DE-80337 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
Two anatomically and functionally distinct types of synapses are present in the central nervous system, excitatory synapses, and inhibitory synapses. Purification and analysis of the protein complex at the excitatory postsynapses have led to fundamental insights into neurobiology. In contrast, the biochemical purification and analysis of the inhibitory postsynaptic density have been largely intractable. The recently developed method called BioID employs the biotin ligase mutant, BirA*, fused to a bait protein to label and capture proximal proteins. We adapted the BioID approach to enable in vivo BioID, or iBioID of inhibitory synaptic complexes in the mouse brain. This protocol describes the iBioID method to allow synaptic bait proteins to target synaptic complexes, label, and purify biotinylated proteins from the mouse brain. This technique can be easily adapted to target other substructures in vivo that have been difficult to purify and analyze in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uezu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Scott Soderling
- The Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA
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Tsai SF, Chang CY, Yong SM, Lim AL, Nakao Y, Chen SJ, Kuo YM. A Hydrolyzed Chicken Extract CMI-168 Enhances Learning and Memory in Middle-Aged Mice. Nutrients 2018; 11:E27. [PMID: 30583503 PMCID: PMC6356702 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence that consumption of dietary supplements or specific nutrients can influence cognitive processes and emotions. A proprietary chicken meat extraction, Chicken Meat Ingredient-168 (CMI-168), has previously been shown to enhance cognitive function in humans. However, the mechanism underlying the CMI-168-induced benefits remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CMI-168 on hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory function in middle-aged (9⁻12 months old) mice. The mice in the test group (termed the "CMI-168 group") were fed dietary pellets produced by mixing CMI-168 and normal laboratory mouse chow to provide a daily CMI-168 dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight for 6 weeks. The control mice (termed the "Chow group") were fed normal laboratory mouse chow pellets. CMI-168 supplementation did not affect the body weight gain, food intake, or exploratory behavior of the mice. In the novel object recognition test, the CMI-168 group showed better hippocampus-related non-spatial memory compared to the control Chow group. However, spatial memory examined by the Morris Water Maze test was similar between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation and dendritic complexity of the hippocampal cornu ammonis region 1 (CA1) neurons, as well as the levels of neuroplasticity-related proteins in the hippocampi of the CMI-168 and Chow groups. Interestingly, we observed that CMI-168 appeared to protect the mice against stress-induced weight loss. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CMI-168 was found to improve learning and memory in middle-aged mice, independent of structural or functional changes in the hippocampus. The resilience to stress afforded by CMI-168 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Shan-May Yong
- Scientific Research and Applications, BRAND'S Suntory, Singapore 048423, Singapore.
| | - Ai-Lin Lim
- Scientific Research and Applications, BRAND'S Suntory, Singapore 048423, Singapore.
| | - Yoshihiro Nakao
- Scientific Research and Applications, BRAND'S Suntory, Singapore 048423, Singapore.
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- College of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Kozłowska A, Godlewski J, Majewski M. Distribution Patterns of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript- and/or Galanin-Containing Neurons and Nerve Fibers Located in the Human Stomach Wall Affected by Tumor. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113357. [PMID: 30373200 PMCID: PMC6275062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- (CART-) and galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) neuronal structures in the human stomach wall, focusing on differences observed in regions directly affected by the cancer process, and those from the surgical margin. Samples from the stomach wall were collected from 10 patients (3 women and 7 men, the mean age 67.0 ± 11.9). Next, triple-immunofluorescence staining was used to visualize the changes in the frequency of neurons inside myenteric plexi and intramural fibers containing CART and/or GAL, as well as protein gene product 9.5 (as panneuronal marker). Tumor into the stomach wall caused a decrease in the number of CART-positive (+) nerve fibers in the longitudinal (LML) and circular muscle layers (CML). Notable changes in the dense network of CART+/GAL+ nerve fibers (an increase) were observed in the LML and lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) within carcinoma-affected areas of the human stomach. Additionally, an elevated number of these nerve fibers from LMM were accompanied by an increase in the number of fibers containing GAL in the vicinity of the neoplastic proliferation. Obtained results suggest that a carcinoma invasion may affect the innervation pattern of the human stomach wall and their function(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Av 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Janusz Godlewski
- Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Av 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Av 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Abstract
Stromal capillary sheath cells in human spleens strongly express CD271, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75. Serial sections of a representative adult human spleen were double-stained for CD271 versus smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) plus CD34 to visualise capillary sheaths, the arterial tree and endothelial cells by transmitted light. Preliminary three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of single regions were inspected in virtual reality (VR). This method showed that a large number of CD271+ sheaths occur in a post-arteriolar position often surrounding capillaries located close to divisions of arterioles. The length and diameter of capillary sheaths are rather heterogeneous. Long sheaths were observed to accompany one or two generations of capillary branches. We hypothesise that human splenic capillary sheaths may attract recirculating B-lymphocytes from the open circulation of the red pulp to start their migration into white pulp follicles along branches of the arterial tree. In addition, they may provide sites of interaction among sheath macrophages and B-lymphocytes. Our innovative approach allows stringent quality control by inserting the original immunostained serial sections into the 3D model for viewing and annotation in VR. Longer series of sections will allow to unequivocally localise most of the capillary sheaths in a given volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Steiniger
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, D-35037, Germany.
| | - V Wilhelmi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, D-35037, Germany
| | - M Berthold
- Visual Computing, Institute of Computer Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D- 95440, Germany
| | - M Guthe
- Visual Computing, Institute of Computer Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D- 95440, Germany
| | - O Lobachev
- Visual Computing, Institute of Computer Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D- 95440, Germany
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Morton KA, Hargreaves L, Mortazavi S, Weber LP, Blanco AM, Unniappan S. Tissue-specific expression and circulating concentrations of nesfatin-1 in domestic animals. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 65:56-66. [PMID: 29909240 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a naturally occurring 82-amino acid protein encoded in the precursor nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) and has been implicated in multiple physiological functions, including food intake and blood glucose regulation. This study aimed to characterize nesfatin-1 in domestic species, especially cats (Felis catus), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and pigs (Sus scrofa). Our in silico analysis demonstrated that the NUCB2/nesfatin-1 amino acid sequence, especially the bioactive core region of the peptide, is very highly conserved (more than 90% identity) in domestic animals. Expression of mRNAs encoding NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was detected in the cat, dog, and pig stomach and pancreas. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of nesfatin-1 in the gastric mucosa of the stomach of dogs, cats, and pigs, and in the pancreatic islet β-cells of dogs and pigs. No nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity was found in the cat pancreas. Nesfatin-1 was detected in the serum of dog, cat, pig, bison, cow, horse, sheep, and chicken. Circulating nesfatin-1 in male and female dogs remained unchanged at 60 min after glucose administration, suggesting a lack of meal responsiveness in nesfatin-1 secretion in this species. The presence of nesfatin-1 in the gastric and endocrine pancreatic tissues suggests possible roles for this peptide in the metabolism of domestic animals. Future research should focus on elucidating the species-specific functions and mechanisms of action of nesfatin-1 in health and disease of domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Morton
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - L Hargreaves
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - S Mortazavi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - L P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - A M Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - S Unniappan
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Reisdorph R, Littrell-Miller B, Powell R, Reisdorph N. A mass spectrometry based predictive strategy reveals ADAP1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine 364. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:1173-1180. [PMID: 29659066 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The goal of this work was to identify phosphorylation sites within the amino acid sequence of human ADAP1. Using traditional mass spectrometry based techniques we were unable to produce interpretable spectra demonstrating modification by phosphorylation. This prompted us to employ a strategy in which phosphorylated peptides were first predicted using peptide mapping followed by targeted MS/MS acquisition. METHODS ADAP1 was immunoprecipitated from extracts of HEK293 cells stably transfected with ADAP1 cDNA. Immunoprecipitated ADAP1 was digested with proteolytic enzymes and analyzed by LC/MS in MS1 mode by high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Peptide molecular features were extracted using an untargeted data-mining algorithm. Extracted peptide neutral masses were matched against the ADAP1 amino acid sequence with phosphorylation included as a predicted modification. Peptides with predicted phosphorylation sites were analyzed by targeted LC/MS2 . Acquired MS2 spectra were then analyzed using database search engines to confirm phosphorylation. Spectra of phosphorylated peptides were validated by manual interpretation. Further confirmation was performed by manipulating phospho-peptide abundance using calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP) and the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). RESULTS Of five predicted phosphopeptides, one, comprised of the sequence AVDRPMLPQEYAVEAHFK, was confirmed to be phosphorylated on a tyrosine at position 364. Pre-treatment of cells with PMA prior to immunoprecipitation increased the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated peptide as determined by area counts of extracted ion chromatograms (EIC). Addition of CIP to immunoprecipitation reactions eliminated the phosphorylated form. CONCLUSIONS A novel phosphorylation site was identified at tyrosine 364. Phosphorylation at this site is increased by treatment with PMA. PMA promotes membrane translocation and activation of protein kinase C (PKC), indicating that tyrosine 364 is phosphorylated by a PKC-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - BobbiJo Littrell-Miller
- Environment, Safety, Health & Quality Office, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Roger Powell
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Karri V, Ramos D, Martinez JB, Odena A, Oliveira E, Coort SL, Evelo CT, Mariman ECM, Schuhmacher M, Kumar V. Differential protein expression of hippocampal cells associated with heavy metals (Pb, As, and MeHg) neurotoxicity: Deepening into the molecular mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. J Proteomics 2018; 187:106-125. [PMID: 30017948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to heavy metals such as Pb, As, and MeHg can be associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Our in vitro bioassays results showed the potency of heavy metals in the order of Pb < As < MeHg on hippocampal cells. The main objective of this study was combining in vitro label free proteomics and systems biology approach for elucidating patterns of biological response, discovering underlying mechanisms of Pb, As, and MeHg toxicity in hippocampal cells. The omics data was refined by using different filters and normalization and multilevel analysis tools were employed to explore the data visualization. The functional and pathway visualization was performed by using Gene ontology and PathVisio tools. Using these all integrated approaches, we identified significant proteins across treatments within the mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ubiquitin proteome dysfunction, and mRNA splicing related to neurodegenerative diseases. The systems biology analysis revealed significant alterations in proteins implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current proteomics analysis of three metals support the insight into the proteins involved in neurodegeneration and the altered proteins can be useful for metal-specific biomarkers of exposure and its adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE The proteomics techniques have been claimed to be more sensitive than the conventional toxicological assays, facilitating the measurement of responses to heavy metals (Pb, As, and MeHg) exposure before obvious harm has occurred demonstrating their predictive value. Also, proteomics allows for the comparison of responses between Pb, As, and MeHg metals, permitting the evaluation of potency differences hippocampal cells of the brain. Hereby, the molecular information provided by pathway and gene functional analysis can be used to develop a more thorough understanding of each metal mechanism at the protein level for different neurological adverse outcomes (e.g. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases). Efforts are put into developing proteomics based toxicity testing methods using in vitro models for improving human risk assessment. Some of the key proteins identified can also potentially be used as biomarkers in epidemiologic studies. These heavy metal response patterns shed new light on the mechanisms of mRNA splicing, ubiquitin pathway role in neurodegeneration, and can be useful for the development of molecular biomarkers of heavy metals exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatanaidu Karri
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Ramos
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Bauzá Martinez
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Odena
- Plataforma de Proteòmica, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliandre Oliveira
- Unidad de Toxicologia, Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6229, ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics, BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, 6229, ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin C M Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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47
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Rodríguez-Comas J, Moreno-Asso A, Moreno-Vedia J, Martín M, Castaño C, Marzà-Florensa A, Bofill-De Ros X, Mir-Coll J, Montané J, Fillat C, Gasa R, Novials A, Servitja JM. Stress-Induced MicroRNA-708 Impairs β-Cell Function and Growth. Diabetes 2017; 66:3029-3040. [PMID: 28970284 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell transcriptome is highly sensitive to external signals such as glucose oscillations and stress cues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key factors in gene expression regulation. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by glucose in mouse pancreatic islets. We identified miR-708 as the most upregulated miRNA in islets cultured at low glucose concentrations, a setting that triggers a strong stress response. miR-708 was also potently upregulated by triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with thapsigargin and in islets of ob/ob mice. Low-glucose induction of miR-708 was blocked by treatment with the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate, uncovering the involvement of ER stress in this response. An integrative analysis identified neuronatin (Nnat) as a potential glucose-regulated target of miR-708. Indeed, Nnat expression was inversely correlated with miR-708 in islets cultured at different glucose concentrations and in ob/ob mouse islets and was reduced after miR-708 overexpression. Consistent with the role of Nnat in the secretory function of β-cells, miR-708 overexpression impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which was recovered by NNAT overexpression. Moreover, miR-708 inhibition recovered GSIS in islets cultured at low glucose. Finally, miR-708 overexpression suppressed β-cell proliferation and induced β-cell apoptosis. Collectively, our results provide a novel mechanism of glucose regulation of β-cell function and growth by repressing stress-induced miR-708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Rodríguez-Comas
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno-Vedia
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Martín
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Marzà-Florensa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bofill-De Ros
- Gene Therapy and Cancer Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mir-Coll
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joel Montané
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Gene Therapy and Cancer Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Marc Servitja
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Triarhou LC, Solà C, Mengod G, García-Ladona FJ, Landwehrmeyer B, Ghetti B, Palacios JM. Ventral Mesencephalic Grafts in the Neostriatum of the Weaver Mutant Mouse: Structural Molecule and Receptor Studies. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:39-48. [PMID: 7728332 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic cell suspensions were prepared from E12 wild-type (+/+) mouse embryos and stereotaxically implanted into the dorsal neostriatum of weaver mutant mice (wv/wv), which have a genetic mesostriatal dopamine (DA) deficiency. Survival of DA neurons in the grafts was documented by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry. Axon growth was monitored by immunocytochemistry using a battery of antibody markers, and the cellular localization of structural protein and receptor RNA transcripts was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry using [32P]oigo-nucleotide probes. The cellw suspension grafts exhibited strong immunoreactivity for neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), growth-associated phosphoprotein GAP-43, micro-tubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), β-amyloid protein precursor (βAPP), and phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes (clone SMI-31); intermediate-to-high levels of immunoreactivity were seen for synaptophysin. High levels of hybridization were found in the grafts for the RNA transcripts of GAP-43, MAP2, and isoforms βAPP695, βAPP714 and βAPP751 of the βAPP. No hybridization signal was detected in the grafts for DA D2 or neurotensin receptor mRNAs, both of which are normally expressed by nigral DA neurons. DA receptor autoradiography using the D2/D3 agonist [3H]CV 205-502 as a ligand showed no binding in the transplants, indicating an apparent abnormality of grafted cells; neurotensin binding sites, labeled with [125I]neurotensin, were visualized in the suspensions, indicating the possibility that receptors could be present but that RNA message levels might be too low to allow detection. These findings offer a molecular correlate of axonal, dendritic and structural protein expression by transplanted mesencephalic neurons; further, they suggest that specific functional properties of grafted nigral cells are maintained after transplantation, while other aspects of their cellular biology may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Triarhou
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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49
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Elsworth JD, Brittan MS, Taylor JR, Sladek JR, al-Tikriti MS, Zea-Ponce Y, Innis RB, Redmond DE, Roth RH. Restoration of Dopamine Transporter Density in the Striatum of Fetal Ventral Mesencephalon-Grafted, but not Sham-Grafted, Mptp-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:315-25. [PMID: 8689042 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons to the adult striatum potentially offers a means to reverse the striatal dopamine deficiency that characterizes Parkinson's disease. Many investigations in rodents have supported the hope that neural grafting may be a useful treatment for parkinsonism. However, clinical studies have generally produced more modest improvements in motor abnormalities than observed in lower species. It is possible that the number of fetal dopamine neurons that survive transplantation is insufficient to restore dopaminergic innervation of the large human striatum to a level where striking recovery is obtained. In fact, there has been no quantitative study of graft outgrowth to indicate what portion of the dopamine-depleted striatum might be reinner-vated with present techniques. Furthermore, it has been speculated that regeneration of the host dopamine system in response to the implantation surgery may play an important role in the beneficial effects of neural grafting in primates. The present study used nine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated parkinsonian monkeys to investigate these issues. Sham implantation procedures produced no increase in either dopamine transporter density (measured by quantitative autoradiography) or tissue dopamine concentration (measured by HPLC) in the striatum of MPTP-treated monkeys. In sham-grafted and nonimplanted MPTP-treated monkeys, the striatal dopamine concentration was reduced by 99%, based on analysis of 16 sampled sites in the caudate nucleus and putamen of each monkey. No behavioral recovery was seen in the sham-grafted and nonimplanted MPTP-treated groups. In contrast, transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons to the caudate nucleus or putamen of MPTP-treated monkeys resulted in a significant elevation of dopamine transporter density and dopamine levels in the grafted striatal nucleus. Each grafted MPTP-treated monkey received ventral mesencephalon dopamine neurons from one donor harvested during putative neurogenesis. Donor ventral mesencephalon was divided equally and implanted into six sites either in the caudate nucleus or putamen. One graft site in each monkey was examined by dopamine transporter autoradiography. In sections in which graft fibers were present, a mean of one-third of the volume of the grafted nucleus was occupied by an elevated density of dopamine transporters. This increase in dopamine transporter density was defined to be at least 5-10% of the control density. However, full behavioral recovery was not observed in the grafted MPTP-treated group. These data provide no support for the hypothesis that regeneration of the host dopamine system occurs in response to a sham implantation procedure in severely parkinsonian monkeys. The current study illustrates the power of the applied techniques for delineating the relationship between the level of host dopamine depletion, the extent of graft-induced dopaminergic restoration, and behavioral recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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50
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Emgård-Mattson M, Karlsson J, Nakao N, Brundin P. Addition of Lateral Ganglionic Eminence to Rat Mesencephalic Grafts Affects Fiber Outgrowth but Does not Enhance Function. Cell Transplant 2017; 6:277-86. [PMID: 9171160 DOI: 10.1177/096368979700600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of embryonic striatal tissue, usually as a combination of the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences, to intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts has previously been reported to enhance recovery of drug-induced rotational behavior in the host and to modify axonal fiber outgrowth from the grafted dopaminergic neurons. This study investigated the effects of adding (cografting) either lateral or medial ganglionic eminence tissue to embryonic mesencephalic grafts implanted intrastriatally, in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. The cografts did not exhibit increased survival or cell size of dopaminergic neurons when compared to transplants of mesencephalic tissue alone. Neither did recipients of cografts exhibit any enhancement of graft-induced recovery of function, when tested for drug-induced rotational behavior or forelimb function in the staircase test. However, cografts containing lateral ganglionic eminence displayed patches of dense tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers within the graft tissue. These patches largely coincided with patches in adjacent stained sections, which were rich in immunostaining for the striatal-specific marker dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32). Such patches were not present in rats receiving cografts containing medial ganglionic eminence or mesencephalic tissue alone. Thus, it seems that the grafted dopaminergic neurons preferentially grow into the areas of the transplants containing lateral ganglionic eminence tissue. In summary, the results suggest that embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence exerts trophic effects on the outgrowth of dopaminergic axons, but does not enhance the behavioral effects of grafted dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emgård-Mattson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, University of Lund, Sweden
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