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Singh SK, El-Gendy KA, Chikkamuniyappa C, Houshian S. The retrograde nail for distal femoral fractures in the elderly: high failure rate of the condyle screw and nut. Injury 2006; 37:1004-10. [PMID: 16499912 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Displaced distal femoral fractures in elderly patients benefit from surgical fixation. We describe the use of a retrograde femoral nail to treat these fractures. The implant has a special condyle screw and nut that allows for manual compression of the fracture when there is an additional inter-condylar split. We present our results when using this implant to treat 16 patients over a 13-month period. The mean patient age was 78 years (range, 65-96 years). All 16 patients were available at the time of final follow up and proceeded to union at an average time of 11 weeks (range, 10-14 weeks). Twenty-six condyle screw and nuts were used. Ten out of 26 condyle screws in 10 out of 16 patients failed by disengaging at a mean time of 10 weeks (range, 8-12 weeks). Our union rate was unaffected by the nut and bolt disengaging. This would suggest that the condylar compression generated by the nut and bolt may not be critical for union.
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Neopane A, Singh SK, Manandhar B. Hypohiderotic ectodermal dysplasia. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2006; 4:520-521. [PMID: 18603968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a six years age girl who presented to our out patients department with the history and findings suggestive of recurrent respiratory tract infections. She was also noticed to have: non homogeneous hyperpigmented patches on the face since three months of age, sparse hair on the scalp and eyebrows, conical peg like teeth and delayed dentition, prominent and low set ears, perpetually flexed third toe bilaterally. Axillary skin biopsy showed adenexal structures and eccrine glands in subcutaneous fat which were reduced in number. The diagnosis made was: Anhydrotic/Hypohidrotic type of ectodermal dysplasia.
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Singh SK, Gupta AK, Jha V, Kohli HS, Gupta KL, Minz M, Sakhuja V. Treatment of Oropharyngeal Cancer in Renal Transplant Recipients Without Cessation of Immunosuppressive Therapy. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:2088-9. [PMID: 16980008 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal transplantation and immunosuppression are associated with an increased incidence of malignancy. Reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive therapy has been advocated in these cases to prevent tumor progression and recurrence. We evaluated the outcome of treatment of oropharyngeal cancer (OC) after renal transplantation without cessation of immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS The database of patients with OC after renal transplantation was analyzed with respect to age, sex, type of immunosuppression, interval between transplantation and diagnosis of cancer, as well as method of treatment and survival. RESULTS Thirty one (2.06%) renal transplant recipients developed malignancy including 6 (20%) with OC. Lingual cancer was seen in three, and one each showed an isolated tonsillar lymphoma, a parotid carcinoma, or a carcinoma of the larynx with only the last having had two other malignancies in the past. Three subjects were on immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisolone, and the others were prescribed cyclosporine and prednisolone. Average time from transplantation to diagnosis of OC was 106 months. The interval was the shortest (2 years) for tonsillar lymphoma in an 18-year-old patient who received cyclosporine and showed features of left follicular tonsillitis. The patient with advanced carcinoma of the larynx did not receive any treatment and succumbed within 3 months. The dose of cyclosporine was reduced in the lymphoma case but immunosuppression was not altered in the other patients. All subjects were treated with a standard protocol. During a mean follow-up of 33 months, one had local recurrence of parotid carcinoma and the others showed well functioning renal grafts. CONCLUSION Comprehensive treatment of OC after renal transplantation without withdrawing the immunosuppression prolonged the life of these patients with functioning grafts.
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Abstract
Lyme arthritis, the most common manifestation of late Lyme disease, has been associated with the presence of Borellia burgdorferi in the joint. However, it is still unclear whether the pathogen itself is able to elicit such a sustained inflammatory response, or whether an aberrant immunological reaction of the host is the main driving force. Borrelia antigens, including lipoproteins, flagellin and DNA, are ligands of Toll-like receptors, and can thus elicit a strong stimulation of host cells, such as neutrophils, mononuclear cells and resident tissue cells. Understanding the molecular basis of the signalling events caused by Borrelia lipoproteins will lead to a greater understanding of inflammation in Lyme arthritis and, hopefully, new treatment strategies for chronic antibiotic-resistant disease.
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Bhadada S, Bhansali A, Unnikrishnan AG, Khadgawat R, Singh SK, Mithal A, Saikia UN. Does Paget's disease exist in India?: A series of 21 patients. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2006; 54:530-4. [PMID: 17089900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paget's disease of bone has been described as a few case reports from India. The aim of the present study is to document the existence of Paget's disease (PD) in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS We describe demography, clinical manifestations, biochemical and radiological profile and the treatment outcome of 21 patients of PD. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) age of these patients at presentation was 49.2 +/- 17.6 years and the male to female ratio was 2.5:1. Common clinical manifestations included backache, headache and bone pains. Others were fracture, joint pain, deafness, gait ataxia, visual impairment and difficulty in biting. Two patients presented with hydrocephalus and one had recurrent paraparesis. Fifteen (71.4%) patients had polyostotic and six (28.6%) had monoostotic Paget's disease. More commonly involved bones were skull and spine (61.9%) followed by pelvis (38.1%), femur (33.3%), tibia (9%) and ulna (9%). Mean (+/-SD) serum alkaline phosphatase at diagnosis was 1514 +/- 1168 IU/L and nine months after treatment with bisphosphonates decreased to 454 +/- 406 IU/ L(P<0.03). CONCLUSION This illustrates that Paget's disease does exist in India and a high index of suspicion is required to clinch the diagnosis.
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Singh SK, Saikia UN, Ajith C, Kumar B. Squamous cell carcinoma arising from hypertrophic lichen planus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:745-6. [PMID: 16836514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh SK, Athar MS, Ahmad S. Nuclear effects in neutrino induced coherent pion production at K2K and MiniBooNE. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:241801. [PMID: 16907229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coherent pion production induced by neutrinos in nuclei is studied using a delta hole model in the local density approximation taking into account the renormalization of Delta properties in a nuclear medium. The pion absorption effects are included in an eikonal approximation. These effects give a large reduction in the total cross section. The numerical results for the total cross section are found to be consistent with recent experimental results from the K2K and MiniBooNE Collaborations and other older experiments in the intermediate energy region.
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Sharma AP, Panth R, Singh SK. Parasagittal Ependymoma Mimicking Falcine Meningioma. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF SHREE BIRENDRA HOSPITAL 2006. [DOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v8i0.21051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasagittal Ependymoma Mimicking Falcine Meningioma
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Singh SK, Raha P, Banerjee H. Banned organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide in ground water in Varanasi, India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 76:935-41. [PMID: 16855898 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-1008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Dharmasiri S, Swarup R, Mockaitis K, Dharmasiri N, Singh SK, Kowalchyk M, Marchant A, Mills S, Sandberg G, Bennett MJ, Estelle M. AXR4 Is Required for Localization of the Auxin Influx Facilitator AUX1. Science 2006; 312:1218-20. [PMID: 16690816 DOI: 10.1126/science.1122847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The AUX1 and PIN auxin influx and efflux facilitators are key regulators of root growth and development. For root gravitropism to occur, AUX1 and PIN2 must transport auxin via the lateral root cap to elongating epidermal cells. Genetic studies suggest that AXR4 functions in the same pathway as AUX1. Here we show that AXR4 is a previously unidentified accessory protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that regulates localization of AUX1 but not of PIN proteins. Loss of AXR4 resulted in abnormal accumulation of AUX1 in the ER of epidermal cells, indicating that the axr4 agravitropic phenotype is caused by defective AUX1 trafficking in the root epidermis.
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Bapuraj JR, Ojili V, Singh SK, Prasad GRV, Khandelwal N, Suri S. Preoperative embolization of a large vaginal leiomyoma: Report of a case and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:179-82. [PMID: 16635039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2006.01550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leiomyoma of the vagina is a very rare tumour of the lower urogenital tract. These slow-growing masses may be asymptomatic or present with pain, dyspareunia or urinary symptoms. Rarely, these tumours may present with life-threatening haemorrhage. These hypervascular tumours are treated by surgical excision. Preoperative embolization therefore may aid in devascularization of these tumours before surgical excision. We present the MRI features of a case of vaginal leiomyoma, which was managed by preoperative embolization and was then excised in toto. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where preoperative embolization was performed before excision of a vaginal leiomyoma with minimal peroperative blood loss.
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Prasad R, Lambe S, Kaler P, Pathania S, Kumar S, Attri S, Singh SK. Ectopic expression of alkaline phosphatase in proximal tubular brush border membrane of human renal cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1741:240-5. [PMID: 16081252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to find out any alteration in the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase in the brush border membrane (BBM) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in comparison to normal renal BBM. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was drastically reduced in homogenate as well as BBM from RCC kidney when compared to ALP activity in BBM of normal kidney. Kinetic studies revealed that diminished activity of alkaline phosphatase in BBM isolated from RCC was fraternized with decrease in maximal velocity (V(max)) and increase in affinity constant (K(m)) of the enzyme. SDS-PAGE studies showed that the BBM proteins having molecular weights ranging from 95 to 170 kDa were poorly expressed in RCC BBM in relative to normal kidney BBM. Incubation of SDS-PAGE gel with BCIP/NBT dye clearly showed that the expression of ALP in tumor renal BBM was markedly reduced as compared to normal kidney. Further, Western blot analysis using anti-alkaline phosphatase antibody also confirmed the reduced expression of ALP in tumor renal BBM. Lipid composition in reference to phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol in tumor renal BBM was altered to that of normal renal BBM, indicating alteration in membrane fluidity of tumor renal BBM.
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Sinha PK, Bimal S, Singh SK, Pandey K, Gangopadhyay DN, Bhattacharya SK. Pre- & post-treatment evaluation of immunological features in Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients with HIV co-infection. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123:197-202. [PMID: 16778304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar in endemic areas has posed a major challenge in control programmes. We undertook this study to identify the high risk groups vulnerable to Leishmania-HIV co-infection in VL endemic State of Bihar, India. Further, immunological responses were also evaluated in these patients before and after treatment for VL to see the immune impairment associated with CD4 T cell count. METHODS A total of 1511 subjects attending Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centre (VCTC) at Patna, Bihar were included in this study. VL was confirmed by splenic or bone marrow aspirates testing for parasite. HIV states was confirmed by two kits. Immunological parameters (CD4, CD8, IFN-gamma, IL-4) were studied in co-infection patients. RESULTS Of the 280 (18.53%) HIV-positive individuals, eight were diagnosed serologically and pathologically as VL patients co-infected with HIV. The humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in 18 Indian VL patients with (n = 8) or without HIV (n = 10) and 10 HIV seropositive subjects. Among the eight confirmed cases of VL, false negative direct agglutination test (DAT) result was observed in two who had HIV co-infection (sensitivity 80%), while none in 10 other VL cases who were HIV negative (sensitivity 100%). A very low CD4 cell count was observed in VL cases that had HIV co-infection compared to HIV negative VL or controls. All VL cases with or without HIV infection had lower Th1/Th2 ratio compared to controls. VL patients with or without HIV infection responded well to anti-leishmanial/anti-retroviral therapy with considerable degree of immunological reconstitution. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION A different immune response was noticed in patients with co-infection of HIV and Leishmania. Anti-leishmanial drug treatment led to improvement in immunological response in co-infected patients. Further studies need to be done to see the effect of combined therapy for VL and HIV on immunological parameters in these patients.
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Faber C, Morbach H, Singh SK, Girschick HJ. Differential expression patterns of recombination-activating genes in individual mature B cells in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1351-6. [PMID: 16504994 PMCID: PMC1798333 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2005.047878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-expression of the recombination-activating genes (RAG) in peripheral B cells may be relevant in the development of autoreactive antibodies in autoimmune diseases. The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) as a hallmark of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (o-JIA, early-onset type) indicates a breakdown in immunological tolerance. AIM To examine the expression of RAG genes in peripheral blood mature B lymphocytes in patients with o-JIA. METHODS 777 memory B cells from peripheral blood, CD19+ CD27+ CD5+ or CD19+ CD27+ CD5-, isolated from three ANA+ children with o-JIA and three healthy age-matched children, were examined for the expression of RAG1 and RAG2 mRNA. mRNA transcripts of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and immunoglobulin G were searched to further determine their developmental stage. RESULTS mRNA was present for any of the two RAG genes in the B cells of children with JIA and controls. However, the predominance of RAG1 or RAG2 was different. A significantly decreased frequency of RAG2-expressing memory B cells in both CD5+ and CD5- populations was noted in children with JIA (p<0.001), whereas the number of RAG1-expressing B cells was slightly increased. The coordinate expression of both the RAG genes was a rare event, similar in the CD5+ populations (1% in controls, 2% in children with JIA), but different among the CD5- compartments (5% v 0%; p<0.01). CONCLUSION These results argue for a reduced coordinate RAG expression in the peripheral CD5- memory B cells of patients with o-JIA. Thus, it was hypothesised that impaired receptor revision contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis in JIA.
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Bimal S, Das VNR, Sinha PK, Gupta AK, Verma N, Ranjan A, Singh SK, Sen A, Bhattacharya SK, Das P. Usefulness of the direct agglutination test in the early detection of subclinical Leishmania donovani infection: a community-based study. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2006; 99:743-9. [PMID: 16297287 DOI: 10.1179/136485905x65107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The value of a direct agglutination test (DAT) in the detection of subclinical infections with Leishmania donovani has recently been investigated in the Indian state of Bihar, after the sensitivity and specificity of the test had been determined. When used to screen sera from 108 parasitologically confirmed cases of visceral leishmaniasis, 50 patients with active, non-leishmanial infection, and 641 healthy controls living close to, or distant from, an endemic area, the test was found to be 91.7% sensitive and 100% specific if a titre of 1:800 was used as the threshold for seropositivity. During a longitudinal clinical study in a rural, VL-endemic area of the Indian state of Bihar, the test was used, with 1:800 set as the threshold titre, to determine the baseline prevalence of infection with L. donovani among villagers who, though showing no symptoms of VL, had recently been febrile for at least 2 weeks. The 234 subjects of this study were either VL-case contacts [i.e. members of households in which there were active or cured VL cases (N=78)] or the members of control households with no cases or history of the disease (N=156). The results of DAT at the start of the study indicated that 49 (20.9%) of the subjects--29 (37.2%) of the VL-case contacts and 20 (12.8%) of the other subjects--were seropositive and therefore probably had subclinical infections with L. donovani. During the subsequent 9 months of follow-up, however, only eight of the subjects found seropositive at the start of the study--seven (24.1%) of the seropositive case contacts but only one (5.0%) of the other seropositives--developed symptomatic VL, all by month 6 of the follow-up. Compared with their neighbours, therefore, individuals who shared households with active or cured cases of VL appeared at greater risk not only of L. donovani infection (indicating focal transmission) but also of developing symptomatic disease once infected. Curiously, among the seropositive case contacts, those from the households that harboured active cases of VL at the baseline survey were less likely to develop symptomatic VL during the 9 months of follow-up than those from households that harboured only cured cases (18.8% v. 30.8%). The wide-spread use of DAT could allow the detection and early treatment of latent L. donovani infections and so contribute to the elimination of VL, at least as a public-health problem, from India.
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Shiekh FA, Khullar M, Singh SK. Lithogenesis: induction of renal calcifications by nanobacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:53-7. [PMID: 16425019 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-005-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanobacteria have been isolated from kidney stones and it has been suggested that they may act as a nucleus for the initiation of the renal stones. In the present study, we examine their role in biocrystallization and their in vivo effects on kidney pathology. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) assay was carried out in the presence of nanobacteria to study biocrystallization. Wistar rats were given an intravenous injection of nanobacteria and the kidneys were examined for pathological changes. The COM assay showed accelerated biocrystallization of (14)C-oxalate in the presence of nanobacteria, indicating them to be efficient candidates for biomineralization. Histopathological studies revealed bacteria induced renal tubular calcifications and various manifestations of infection. Our studies confirm that nanobacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of renal tubular calcification.
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Suryawanshi S, Singh SK, Gupta RC. A sensitive and selective HPLC/ESI-MS/MS assay for the simultaneous quantification of 16-dehydropregnenolone and its major metabolites in rabbit plasma☆. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 830:54-63. [PMID: 16290073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and rapid liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric assay was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of 16-dehydropregnenolone (DHP) and its five metabolites 4,16-pregnadien-3, 20-dione (M(1)), 5-pregnene-3beta-ol-20-one (M(2)), 5-pregnene-3beta, 20-diol (M(3)), 5-pregnene-3beta-ol-16, 17-epoxi-20-one (M(4)) and 5,16-pregnadien-3beta, 11-diol-20-one (M(5)) in rabbit plasma using dexamethasone as internal standard (IS). The analytes were chromatographed on Spheri-5 RP-18 column (5 microm, 100 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) coupled with guard column using acetonitrile:ammonium acetate buffer (90:10, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.65 ml/min. The quantitation of the analytes was carried out using API 4000 LC-MS-MS system in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, sensitivity, recovery, accuracy, precision (intra- and inter-assay variation), freeze-thaw, long-term, auto injector and dry residue stability. Linearity in plasma was observed over a concentration range of 1.56-400 ng/ml with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.78 ng/ml for all analytes except M(3) and M(5) where linearity was over the 3.13-400 ng/ml with LOD of 1.56 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries from plasma were consistent and reproducible over the linearity range for all analytes. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision method were within the acceptable limits and the analytes were stable after three freeze-thaw cycles and their dry residues were stable at -60 degrees C for 15 days. The method was successfully applied to determine concentrations of DHP and its putative metabolites in plasma during a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.
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Singh SK, Mandal A, Garg S, Acharya N. Pseudotumor in chronic renal failure: Diagnostic relevance of radioisotope scan. Indian J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.27642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Goyal PK, Singh SK, Sharma MK, Rupert E. Giant Left Anterior Descending Artery Aneurysm An Unusual Case of Dense and Extensive Calcification of Aorta. Ann Card Anaesth 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.37916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Kapoor D, Agrawal NK, Aggarwal R, Sahoo AK, Singh SK. Vitamin D deficiency masquerading as pseudohypoparathyoidism type 2. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2005; 53:999-1000; author reply 1000. [PMID: 16515248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Bhamidipati R, Mujeeb S, Dravid PV, Khan AA, Singh SK, Rao YK, Mullangi R, Srinivas NR. Pre-clinical assessment of DRF 4367, a novel COX-2 inhibitor: evaluation of pharmacokinetics, absolute oral bioavailability and metabolism in mice and comparative inter-species in vitro metabolism. Xenobiotica 2005; 35:253-71. [PMID: 16019950 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500066303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and determine the absolute bioavailability and metabolism of DRF 4367, a novel COX-2 inhibitor, in mice. In addition, the in vitro metabolism of DRF 4367 was studied in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomes. Following oral administration, maximum concentrations of DRF 4367 were achieved after about 1 h. Upon intravenous (IV) administration, the concentration of DRF 4367 declined in a bi-exponential fashion with a terminal elimination half-life of 4.0 h. The elimination half-life was unchanged with route of administration. The volume of distribution and systemic clearance of DRF 4367 in mice were 0.80 l h(-1) kg(-1) and 0.14 l kg(-1), respectively, after IV administration. The absolute oral bioavailability of DRF 4367 was 44%. In all species of liver microsomes examined, the primary route of metabolism for DRF 4367 was demethylation of benzyl methoxy to form a hydroxy metabolite (M1). The formation of this metabolite was mediated by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzymes. M1 was not found to possess COX-2 inhibitory activity. Chemical-inhibition studies showed that quinidine (selective for CYP2D6) and ticlopidine (selective for CYP2C19) inhibited the formation of the hydroxy metabolite of DRF 4367, whereas potent inhibitors selective for other forms of CYP did not inhibit this oxidative reaction. Upon oral or IV administration of DRF 4367 to mice, unchanged DRF 4367, M1, the O-glucuronide conjugate of M1 (M1-G) and the O-sulfate conjugate of M1 (M1-S) were identified in bile.
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Singh KJ, Singh SK, Suri A, Vijjan V, Goswami AK, Khullar M. Serum ferritin in renal cell carcinoma: effect of tumor size, volume grade, and stage. Indian J Cancer 2005; 42:197-200. [PMID: 16391438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the levels of serum ferritin in patients of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum ferritin levels were measured preoperatively in 32 patients with radiological evidence of RCC using an enzyme immunoassay. The largest diameter of the primary tumor was measured in the pathological specimens in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy while in patients with non-operable tumor maximum tumor dimension was taken from CT scan. Pathological staging was done according TNM-1997. RESULTS Mean serum ferritin value in patients of RCC was 283.23+/-77.38 ng/ml while in controls the mean value was 79.98+/-32.96 ng/ml (P CONCLUSIONS: Serum ferritin levels are elevated in patients with RCC although its actual source is unclear. Further studies are needed to establish the role of ferritin in RCC.
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Bimal S, Singh SK, Das VNR, Sinha PK, Gupta AK, Bhattacharya SK, Das P. Leishmania donovani: Effect of therapy on expression of CD2 antigen and secretion of macrophage migration inhibition factor by T-cells in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2005; 111:130-2. [PMID: 16023642 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) commonly known as Kala-azar in India is one of the several clinically important infections, where Th1 sub-population of CD4+ T-cells, despite a pre-requisite, fails to express macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and interferon-gamma which both activate the macrophage and coordinate the immune response to intra-cellular Leishmania sp. Expression of CD2 receptors before and after antileishmanial therapy on CD4+ T-cells of VL patients and their corresponding effect on MIF were examined. Before treatment the number of T-cells expressing CD2 was low which incorporated insignificant MIF response. The immunological reconstitution was, however, observed after treatment as manifested through upregulation of CD2+ T-cells with pronounced MIF generation response. The study, therefore, identifies a possible role of CD2 antigen in immunity to VL.
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Rajak KK, Sreenivasa BP, Hosamani M, Singh RP, Singh SK, Singh RK, Bandyopadhyay SK. Experimental studies on immunosuppressive effects of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in goats. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 28:287-96. [PMID: 16188317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effect of virulent and attenuated peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus on the immune response to nonspecific antigen (ovalbumin) was investigated. Clinical and serological responses were monitored in goats administered with ovalbumin concurrently with either PPR vaccine or virulent virus. Study showed that PPR virulent virus causes marked immunosuppression as evidenced by leukopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced early antibody response to both specific and nonspecific antigen. These observations were predominant particularly during acute phase of disease (4-10 days post-infection). On the other hand, the vaccine virus induced only a transient lymphopenia without significantly affecting the immune response to nonspecific antigen or to itself during this period. Further, the antibody levels to ovalbumin in the group administered with virulent PPRV increased significantly between days 28 and 35 post-infection in comparison to the titers in other two groups given with either ovalbumin alone or in combination with vaccine.
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