Transcriptional factor HBP1 targets P16(INK4A), upregulating its expression and consequently is involved in Ras-induced premature senescence

Oncogene-mediated premature senescence has emerged as a potential tumor-suppressive mechanism in early cancer transitions. Many studies showed that Ras and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) participate in premature senescence. Our previous work indicated that the HMG box-containing protein 1 (HBP1) transcription factor is involved in Ras- and p38 MAPK-induced premature senescence, but the mechanism of which has not yet been identified. Here, we showed that the p16(INK4A) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor is a novel target of HBP1 participating in Ras-induced premature senescence. The promoter of the p16(INK4A) gene contains an HBP1-binding site at position -426 to -433 bp from the transcriptional start site. HBP1 regulates the expression of the endogenous p16(INK4A) gene through direct sequence-specific binding. With HBP1 expression and the subsequent increase of p16(INK4A) gene expression, Ras induces premature senescence in primary cells. The data suggest a model in which Ras and p38 MAPK signaling engage HBP1 and p16(INK4A) to trigger premature senescence. In addition, we report that HBP1 knockdown is also required for Ras-induced transformation. All the data indicate that the mechanism of HBP1-mediated transcriptional regulation is important for not only premature senescence but also tumorigenesis.

Reversible Conversion of 4-Hydroxybenzoate and Phenol by Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum

Reversible conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoate and phenol and their analogs was observed in whole-cell suspensions and cell extracts of Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum grown with 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. Assuming that bicarbonate is the cosubstrate, the equilibrium constants calculated for the reactions 4-hydroxybenzoate + H(2)O left arrow over right arrow phenol + HCO(3) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H(2)O left arrow over right arrow catechol + HCO(3) were 11.4 (+/- 0.5) and 5.05 (+/- 0.25), respectively. In a phenol-adapted sediment slurry, 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate were decarboxylated to phenol and to catechol, respectively, as intermediates without a lag time.

Search for pair production of supersymmetric top quarks in dilepton events from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV

We present the results of a search for pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark (the top squark t{1}) decaying to a b quark and a chargino χ{1}{±} with a subsequent χ{1}{±} decay into a neutralino χ{1}{0}, lepton ℓ, and neutrino ν. Using a data sample corresponding to 2.7  fb{-1} of integrated luminosity of pp collisions at sqrt[s]=1.96  TeV collected by the CDF II detector, we reconstruct the mass of top squark candidate events and fit the observed mass spectrum to a combination of standard model processes and t{1}t{1} signal. We find no evidence for t{1}t{1} production and set 95% C.L. limits on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino for several values of the chargino mass and the branching ratio B(χ{1}{±}→χ{1}{0}ℓ{±}ν).

Recoil polarization measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio to Q2 = 8.5 GeV2

Among the most fundamental observables of nucleon structure, electromagnetic form factors are a crucial benchmark for modern calculations describing the strong interaction dynamics of the nucleon's quark constituents; indeed, recent proton data have attracted intense theoretical interest. In this Letter, we report new measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio using the recoil polarization method, at momentum transfers Q2=5.2, 6.7, and 8.5  GeV2. By extending the range of Q2 for which G(E)(p) is accurately determined by more than 50%, these measurements will provide significant constraints on models of nucleon structure in the nonperturbative regime.

Search for WW and WZ resonances decaying to electron, missing E(T), and two jets in pp collisions at square root(s) = 1.96 TeV

Using data from 2.9  fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron, we search for resonances decaying into a pair of on-shell gauge bosons, WW or WZ, where one W decays into an electron and a neutrino, and the other boson decays into two jets. We observed no statistically significant excess above the expected standard model background, and we set cross section limits at 95% confidence level on G* (Randall-Sundrum graviton), Z', and W' bosons. By comparing these limits to theoretical cross sections, mass exclusion regions for the three particles are derived. The mass exclusion regions for Z' and W' are further evaluated as a function of their gauge coupling strength.

Changes in satellite cell proliferation and differentiation during turkey muscle development

Posthatch muscle growth is determined by the activation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells. Satellite cells composing an individual muscle are heterogeneous, which will differentially affect muscle growth. The proliferation and differentiation of turkey primary pectoralis major muscle cells were investigated in vitro at 1 d of age and at 4, 8, 16, 26, 35, 45, and 54 wk of age. The turkey was selected for these studies because turkey skeletal muscle fibroblasts do not grow in primary muscle cell cultures. Results from the proliferation analysis showed a decrease in proliferation by 8 wk of age. Differentiation into myotubes was significantly decreased by 4 wk of age and myotube diameter was decreased. The changes in muscle weight relative to total BW were measured for the anterior latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, pectoralis major, sartorius, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius muscles to compare the relative growth of different muscles. The age at which the muscles reached their maximum relative weight was muscle-dependent, with the biceps brachii plateauing the earliest at 4 wk and the sartorius the latest at 45 wk of age. These data suggested that changes in myogenic cells begin to occur early in muscle development and the activity of the satellite cells during these initial stages of posthatch growth is critical in overall muscle mass accumulation.

Risk of progression to hypertension in a rural Chinese women population with prehypertension and normal blood pressure

BACKGROUND

To determine the incidence of hypertension and its risk factors among rural Chinese women with prehypertension and normotension.

METHODS

A population-based sample of 12,060 rural Chinese women aged > or = 35 years and free from hypertension at baseline were followed from 2004-2006 to 2008. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 90 mm Hg, or current use of antihypertensive medication.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 14-47 months), 23.4% of women developed hypertension. The age-adjusted incidence rate was higher in prehypertension than in normotension (11.2/100 person-years vs. 7.9/100 person-years, P < 0.05). Among women with prehypertension, independent predictors of incident hypertension were baseline age, Mongolian ethnicity, low physical activity, baseline body mass index (BMI), baseline salt intake and family history of hypertension. Among women with normal blood pressure (BP), independent predictors were baseline age, low physical activity, baseline BMI and baseline salt intake. The awareness, treatment, and control rates for newly developed hypertension were 33.2, 23.0, and 2.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

These data indicate that the incidence of hypertension is high among rural Chinese women and it is associated with many risk factors, and the data also suggest that most newly developed hypertension cases are not treated. This high incidence of hypertension may be related to rapid social changes in our country and may apply to other areas of the developing world. These results call for urgent improvements in hypertension prevention, detection and treatment.

Pyrolysis and combustion of oil palm stone and palm kernel cake in fixed-bed reactors

The main objective of this research was to investigate the main characteristics of the thermo-chemical conversion of oil palm stone (OPS) and palm kernel cake (PKC). A series of combustion and pyrolysis tests were carried out in two fixed-bed reactors. The effects of heating rate at the temperature of 700 degrees C on the yields and properties of the pyrolysis products were investigated. The results from the combustion experiments showed that the burning rates increased with an increase in the air flow rate. In addition, the FLIC code was used to simulate the combustion of the oil palm stone to investigate the effect of primary air flow on the combustion process. The FLIC modelling results were in good agreement with the experimental data in terms of predicting the temperature profiles along the bed height and the composition of the flue gases.

Elevated circulating free fatty acids levels causing pancreatic islet cell dysfunction through oxidative stress

BACKGROUND

Elevated plasma free fatty acids (FFA) concentration is predictive of the conversion from normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes.

AIMS

To evaluate the effects of prolonged exposure to FFA on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of pancreatic beta-cell, and to investigate the role of oxidative stress in FFA-induced decrease in beta-cell function.

METHODS

Rats were assigned to 3 groups and underwent 96-h infusions of normal saline (NS), intralipid plus heparin (IH), or intralipid plus heparin and N-acetylcysteine (IH+NAC). The plasma insulin, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were measured. In vivo intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and ex vivo isolated pancreatic tissues perfusion were performed.

RESULTS

In IH group GSIS both in IVGTT and perifused pancreatic tissues were impaired (p<0.05), the GSH/GSSG ratio was declined and MDA levels increased (p<0.05), the volume density score of nuclear factor kappaB and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic islets were increased compared to the NS group (p<0.01). In IH+NAC group, NAC intervention partly restored the GSH/GSSG ratio and MDA level, and improved FFA induced GSIS impairment.

CONCLUSION

Elevated circulating FFA levels may contribute to causing the abnormalities of pancreatic islet cell function through active oxidative stress and oxidative stress-sensitive signaling pathway, which may play a key role in the development of impaired insulin secretion seen in obese Type 2 diabetes.

Genome-wide haplotype association analysis and gene prioritization identify CCL3 as a risk locus for rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease caused by a complex interaction of multiple genetic variants and environmental factors. The association between RA and genetic susceptibility loci has been observed in many different populations, and most studies have focused on univariate analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms. We performed a genome-wide haplotype association study and prioritized RA-related genes within 100 kb in either direction of significant haplotypes (P < 0.0001), based on their similarity to known RA susceptibility genes. The results showed that the chemokine CCL3 was associated with susceptibility to RA. A haplotype that located CCL3 on chromosome 17q12 had significant correlation with RA (P = 7.56E-05), and the global similarity score of CCL3 was ranked in the top of all RA-related genes, excluding known susceptibility genes (P = 8.42E-07). Our findings provide further evidence for the potential importance of the chemokine CCL3 in RA, and will facilitate the further understanding of its role in immunological regulation and the pathogenesis of RA.