351
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Maksud MG, Farrell P, Foster C, Pollock M, Hare J, Anholm J, Schmidt D. Maximal VO2, ventilation and heart rate of olympic speed skating candidates. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1982; 22:217-23. [PMID: 7162178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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352
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Anholm JD, Foster C, Carpenter J, Pollock ML, Hellman CK, Schmidt DH. Effect of habitual exercise on left ventricular response to exercise. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 52:1648-51. [PMID: 7107475 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1982.52.6.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of chronic physical exercise on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and ejection rate (LVER), radionuclide angiography was performed at rest and during upright-bicycle exercise in 45 healthy men. The subjects varied widely in exercise habits and working capacity. They were divided into three subgroups on the basis of habitual physical activity. Aerobic training was done more than 7, 2-4, and less than 1 h/wk by subgroups of athletes, trained, and untrained men, respectively. The results indicate marked differences in work capacity (298, 233, and 181 W in the athletes, trained, and untrained groups, respectively). Resting LVEF (72, 69, and 68%) and LVER (4.1, 3.4, and 3.6 s-1) were not significantly different among the groups. With maximal exercise, however, small but statistically significant differences in LVEF (75, 69, and 68%; P less than 0.05 athletes vs. trained and athletes vs. untrained) and in LVER (7.5, 6.3, and 5.2 s-1; P less than 0.05 among all groups) were observed. Work capacity was, however, poorly correlated with exercise LVEF (r = 0.18) and LVER (r = 0.47). The results of this study indicate that the enhanced working capacity observed secondary to increases in habitual physical activity can be attributed to differences in LVEF and LVER only in the most general terms. Accordingly the results agree with previous suggestions based primarily on echocardiographic data that the primary cardiac adaptation to exercise is dimensional rather than functional in character.
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353
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Dion WF, Grevenow P, Pollock ML, Squires RW, Foster C, Johnson WD, Schmidt DH. Medical problems and physiologic responses during supervised inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: the patient after coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Lung 1982; 11:248-55. [PMID: 6978874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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354
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Pollock ML, Foster C, Schmidt D, Hellman C, Linnerud AC, Ward A. Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women. Am Heart J 1982; 103:363-73. [PMID: 7064770 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(82)90275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the three most commonly used maximal graded exercise test (GXT) protocols in healthy women. Submaximal and maximal metabolic and hemodynamic responses were determined from two treadmill protocols, Bruce and Balke, and a bicycle protocol, in 49 women. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was significantly different among protocols (Bruce=40.3, Balke=38.4, and Bike=36.6 ml/kg . min -1). Maximum heart rate (HR max) was significantly lower during Bike (178 beats/min) than during Bruce (182) and Balke (183) protocols. No differences in rate of increase in HR or systolic blood pressure (BP) per increase in multiples of the rest metabolic (METs) were found between Bruce and Balke protocols. The rate of recovery of HR and systolic BP was not different among tests. Comparisons of active and sedentary groups showed differences in VO2 max and submaximal HR and recovery HR at common minutes; however, the rate of increase in HR and systolic BP during exercise and the rate of decrease during recovery were not significantly different. Prediction of VO2 max with Bruce and Balke protocols from treadmill time was r=0.91 (SEE +/- 2.7 ml/kg . min -1) and r=0.94 (SEE 2.2 ml/kg . min -1), respectively. These data suggest a difference between men and women in increased HR and systolic BP per METs increase in exertion.
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355
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Foster C, Dymond DS, Carpenter JG, Schmidt DH. Influence of exercise protocol on left ventricular response to exercise. Am J Cardiol 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(82)92066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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356
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Farrell PA, Maksud MG, Pollock ML, Foster C, Anholm J, Hare J, Leon AS. A comparison of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in speed skaters, weightlifters and non-athletes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 48:77-82. [PMID: 7199456 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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357
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Foster C, Dymond DS, Carpenter J, Schmidt DH. EFFECT OF WARM-UP ON LEFT VENTRICULAR RESPONSE TO SUDDEN STRENUOUS EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198202000-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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358
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Pollock ML, Foster C, Rod J, Hare J, Schmidt DH. TEN YEAR FOLLOW-UP ON THE AEROBIC CAPACITY OF CHAHPION MASTER??S TRACK ATHLETES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198202000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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359
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Foster C, Anholm JD, Dymond DS, Carpenter J, Pollock ML, Schmidt DH. Left ventricular function at rest, peak exercise and postexercise. Cardiology 1982; 69:224-30. [PMID: 6756629 DOI: 10.1159/000173508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the temporal sequence of imaging could influence the results of exercise radionuclide angiography, 15 healthy volunteers were studied at rest, during peak bicycle exercise and immediately postexercise using first pass radionuclide angiography. Responses at rest, peak and postexercise included: heart rate (67 to 174 to 170 bpm), double product (7.4 to 31.5 to 27.5 mm Hg X bpm X 10(3)), left ventricular ejection fraction (68 to 69 to 80%) and mean normalized left ventricular ejection rate (3.63 to 6.56 to 8.56 s-1). The results indicate that left ventricular ejection fraction and mean normalized ejection rate were different during exercise and immediately postexercise although heart rate and double product were not. The results indicate that the temporal sequence of imaging is a significant procedural variable in the conduct of exercise radionuclide angiography.
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360
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Squires RW, Rod JL, Pollock ML, Foster C. Effects of propranolol on perceived exertion soon after myocardial revascularization surgery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982; 14:276-80. [PMID: 7132644 DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198204000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Effect of propranolol on perceived exertion soon after myocardial revascularization surgery. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 276-280, 1982. This study evaluated the effects of propranolol on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during graded exercise testing of myocardial revascularization surgery patients before hospital discharge. Eighty-six men performed a symptom-limited, graded exercise test on a treadmill an average of 11 d after surgery. Patients were assigned to three groups: those not taking propranolol (no-propranolol group, N = 54), those taking propranolol (propranolol group, N = 22), and those exhibiting exertional hypotension during testing (hypotensive group, N = 10). Test results showed that estimated METs during peak exercise were similar for the three groups. The propranolol group demonstrated a lower HR for submaximal and peak exercise when compared with the no-propranolol group, but RPE was the same for matched exercise intensities. The hypotensive group failed to increase SBP during exercise, but perceived the matched exercise intensities to be the same as the other two groups. The HR response of the hypotensive group was similar to that of the no-propranolol group. Thus, an abnormal SBP response during exercise was not reflected in a changed RPE when compared with patients who increased SBP appropriately. It was concluded that propranolol does not affect RPE during graded exercise testing soon after cardiac surgery.
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361
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Pollock ML, Foster C, Anholm JD, Rod JL, Wolf FG, Akhtar M, Al-Nouri MB, Schmidt DH. Diagnostic capabilities of exercise testing soon after myocardial revascularization surgery. Cardiology 1982; 69:358-65. [PMID: 7159882 DOI: 10.1159/000173527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to compare data on early exercise testing for variables known to be of diagnostic/prognostic value following myocardial infarction in post-myocardial revascularization surgery patients. 70 patients were evaluated soon after surgery, by cardiac catheterization, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise testing, and rest and exercise radionuclide angiography. The results indicated no significant differences among groups with satisfactory and unsatisfactory results by catheterization compared for METs, peak heart rate, double product, ST-segment change, angina pectoris, and dysrhythmias. Significant differences were found among groups when rest and exercise ejection fraction and exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormality were taken into account. It was concluded that the moderate-intensity treadmill exercise test was ineffective in differentiating current cardiac function and arterial/graft status among postmyocardial revascularization surgery patients. Exercise radionuclide angiographic studies were able to identify groups of patients with adequate or inadequate postoperative cardiac catheterization results.
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362
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Foster C. You've joined the management team? Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1981; 12:16-8. [PMID: 6913837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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363
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Adams G, Goycoolea MV, Foster C, Dehner L, Anderson RD. Parotid lipomatosis in a 2-month-old child. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1981; 89:402-5. [PMID: 6791099 DOI: 10.1177/019459988108900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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364
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Foster C, Anholm JD, Hellman CK, Carpenter J, Pollock ML, Schmidt DH. Left ventricular function during sudden strenuous exercise. Circulation 1981; 63:592-6. [PMID: 7460245 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.63.3.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Strenuous exercise without warm-up has been shown to produce ischemia-like electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 60-70% of healthy subjects. These abnormalities appeared to be related to the development of an unfavorable myocardial supply/demand balance and, in chronically instrumented dogs, to transient decreases in coronary blood flow. A mechanism involving subendocardial ischemia has been proposed to explain the response to sudden strenuous exercise (SSE). To determine whether the response to SSE included the development of changes in myocardial pump performance typical of ischemia, left ventricular (LV) function at rest, during graded exercise and during SSE was evaluated in nine young (26.6 +/- 3.4 years), well-trained male volunteers using first-pass radionuclide angiography. During graded exercise, the LV ejection fraction increased from 66.9 +/- 9.4% at rest to 73.0 +/- 7.1% during peak exercise, and the LV ejection rate increased from 3.36 +/- 0.67 sec-1 at rest to 6.58 +/- 1.10 sec-1 during peak exercise. Segmental wall motion was normal in all studies. During SSE, the LV ejection fraction decreased in very subject, from an average 72.2 +/- 8.6% at rst to 57.3 +/- 8.1% during exercise. The LV ejection rate remained relatively constant (3.98 +/- 0.92 sec-1 at rest vs 4.33 +/- 0.74 sec-1 during SSE). No segmental wall motion abnormalities were observed during SSE; however, LV wall motion appeared to be diffusely hypokinetic during SSE. In contrast to previous reports, few ECG abnormalities were observed during SSE. These results support the hypothesis that subendocardial ischemia is an important mechanism in the response to SSE. However, the lack of ECG changes and segmental wall motion abnormalities and the relatively high absolute value of the LV ejection fraction suggest that if subendocardial ischemia occurs during SSE, it is attributable to physiologic rather than pathologic mechanisms.
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365
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Maud PJ, Pollock ML, Foster C, Anholm JD, Guten G, Al-Nouri M, Hellman C, Schmidt DH. Fifty years of training and competition in the marathon: Wally Hayward, age 70--a physiological profile. S Afr Med J 1981; 59:153-7. [PMID: 7006111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A 70-year-old South African long-distance runner, holder of his age group's marathon record and former Olympic marathon runner, was studied to determine the effects of 52 years of regular training on functional capacity and health. Maximal treadmill exercise testing revealed no ischaemic ECG abnormalities and an excellent functional capacity (58,6 ml/kg/min). Submaximal testing showed that the subject ran at approximately 86% of maximum aerobic capacity when completing the marathon in his record time. The subject was very lean (13,6% fat) for his age. Muscles contained 82% slow-twitch fibres. Pulmonary function and blood chemical values were within normal limits. Although total cholesterol was somewhat high (247 mg/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated (53 mg/dl). Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring revealed no significant ventricular ectopic activity although frequent premature atrial contractions were noted. M-mode echocardiography revealed a normal heart with moderately hypertrophied left ventricular wall thickness. Radionuclide cine angiography showed a normal ejection fraction at rest (69%), followed by a slight drop at maximal exercise (62%). Left ventricular regional wall motion was considered normal at both rest and exercise. He had no significant orthopaedic abnormalities but showed normal flexibility and well-balanced muscular strength. Thickened heel pads were also noted. These results appear to indicate a beneficial effect of habitual physical activity upon the retention of functional capacity with ageing.
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366
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Puntillo R, Pollock ML, Squires R, Foster C, Schmidley ME, Schmidt DH. 3: 00 p.m.: COMPARISON OF GRADED EXERCISE TESING, HOLTER MONITORING AND MONITORED EXERCISE TRAINING IN DETECTING SERIOUS DYSRHYTHMIAS IN MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY PATIENTS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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367
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Foster C, Pollock ML, Anholm JD, Squires RW, Ward A, Rod JL, Johnson WD, Saichek R, Schmidt DH. 1: 30 p.m.: CHANGES IN WORK CAPACITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DURING REHABILITATION FROM MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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368
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Hare J, Foster C, Taylor MM, Goldstein T, Pollock ML. #16 OXYGEN UPTAKE RESPONSES DURING SUBMAXIMAL AND MAXIMAL TREADMILL TESTING IN CARDIAC PATIENTS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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369
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Squires RW, Rod JL, Pollock ML, Foster C, Schmidt DH. 8: 30 a.m.: EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING GRADED EXERCISE TESTING SOON AFTER MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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370
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Rod J, Pollock M, Foster C, Schmidt D. SYMPTOM LIMITED GRADED EXERCISE TESTING SOON AFTER MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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371
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Maron MB, Farrell PA, Hamilton LH, Maksud MG, Foster C. TIME COURSE OF LUNG VOLUME CHANGES DURING PROLONGED TREADMILL RUNNING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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372
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Pollock ML, Foster C, Anholm J, Squires R, Ward A, Rod J, Johnson WD, Saichek R, Schmidt DH. 1: 15 p.m.: RANDOMIZED EXERCISE AND RELAXATION TRIALS WITH MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY PATIENTS: CARDIORESPIRATORY AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1981. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198101320-00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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373
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Giordano A, Brady D, Foster C, Adams G. Particulate cancellous marrow crib graft reconstruction of mandibular defects. Laryngoscope 1980; 90:2027-36. [PMID: 7453452 DOI: 10.1288/00005537-198012000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Between 1969 and 1978 more than 1000 mandible fractures were treated by the otolaryngology services at the University of Minnesota and affiliated hospitals. Most were successfully treated but 17 patients had significant loss of mandibular bone resulting in a much more difficult management problem. The loss of bone was usually due either to the initial injury such as a gunshot wound or was secondary to the complications of non-union or osteomyelitis. Particulate cancellous marrow grafts within a Vitallium or titanium mesh crib (PCM crib graft) were used to reconstruct the mandibular defects. One patient had bilateral defects requiring 2 PCM crib grafts. Thus, 18 grafts spanning defects 2 to 12 cm were performed. Success was measured by a stable mandible with satisfactory occlusion and he ability to chew, swallow and articulate satisfactorally. Of 18 grafts, 15 met these requirements. Several factors important to successful mandibular reconstruction included adequate immobilization, intraoral soft tissue coverage, external skin cover and tension-free closure and optimal intraoral hygiene. The crib used to hold the particulate cancellous marrow in position during the healing phase has been removed in three otherwise successful cases because of intraoral mucosal tenting or dehiscence or to allow adequate fitting of dentures. In our experience, the use of autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in metallic mesh has been a successful means of restoring function and stability to mandibular defects.
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374
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Foster C, Costill DL, Fink WJ. Gastric emptying characteristics of glucose and glucose polymer solutions. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 1980; 51:299-305. [PMID: 7394294 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.1980.10605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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375
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Pflug AE, Foster C, Martin RW, Winter PM. Limb blood flow. The influence of temperature during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. ARCHIVES OF SURGERY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1980; 115:616-21. [PMID: 7377963 DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1980.01380050040009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Twenty adult patients were examined before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and at the end of surgery to determine the influence of body cooling on limb blood flow during prolonged halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Measurements included temperature, mean arterial pressure, and leg blood flow. Cooling was prevented in ten patients by warmed anesthetic gases. The mean tympanic temperature at end of surgery was 37 degrees C for the warmed (W) and 35 degrees C for the unwarmed (UW) patients, a significant difference. The mean value for leg blood flow was significantly decreased in the UW patients (W = 5.0 vs UW = 3.1 mL/100 cc of tissue/min). These results indicate that body cooling during prolonged inhalation anesthesia was associated with a reduced limb blood flow. Therefore, pulmonary warming may be of potential benefit under similar conditions to help prevent intraoperative vascular complications.
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