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Abstract
A novel HLA-B allele, B*3549, was identified in a bone marrow transplantation candidate. B*3549 differs from B*3525 by two nucleotides at exon 2, position 142 (T to G) and 165 (G to C). The difference at position 142 resulted in an amino acid difference (serine to alanine). However, the difference at position 165 did not cause any amino acid change. This novel allele was found on a haplotype with A*3101, B*3549, Cw*0401, DRB1*0407, and DQB1*0302.
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Shanmukh S, Biswas N, Waring AJ, Walther FJ, Wang Z, Chang Y, Notter RH, Dluhy RA. Structure and properties of phospholipid-peptide monolayers containing monomeric SP-B(1-25) II. Peptide conformation by infrared spectroscopy. Biophys Chem 2005; 113:233-44. [PMID: 15620508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conformation and orientation of synthetic monomeric human sequence SP-B(1-25) (mSP-B(1-25)) was studied in films with phospholipids at the air-water (A/W) interface by polarization modulation infrared reflectance absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Modified two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) correlation analysis was applied to PM-IRRAS spectra to define changes in the secondary structure and rates of reorientation of mSP-B(1-25) in the monolayer during compression. PM-IRRAS spectra and 2D IR correlation analysis showed that, in pure films, mSP-B(1-25) had a major alpha-helical conformation plus regions of beta-sheet structure. These alpha-helical regions reoriented later during film compression than beta structural regions, and became oriented normal to the A/W interface as surface pressure increased. In mixed films with 4:1 mol:mol acyl chain perdeuterated 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (sodium salt) (DPPC-d(62):DOPG), the IR spectra of mSP-B(1-25) showed that a significant, concentration-dependent conformational change occurred when mSP-B(1-25) was incorporated into a DPPC-d(62):DOPG monolayer. At an mSP-B(1-25) concentration of 10 wt.%, the peptide assumed a predominantly beta-sheet conformation with no contribution from alpha-helical structures. At lower, more physiological peptide concentrations, 2D IR correlation analysis showed that the propensity of mSP-B(1-25) to form alpha-helical structures was increased. In phospholipid films containing 5 wt.% mSP-B(1-25), a substantial alpha-helical peptide structural component was observed, but regions of alpha and beta structure reoriented together rather than independently during compression. In films containing 1 wt.% mSP-B(1-25), peptide conformation was predominantly alpha-helical and the helical regions reoriented later during compression than the remaining beta structural components. The increased alpha-helical structure of mSP-B(1-25) demonstrated here by PM-IRRAS and 2D IR correlation analysis in monolayers of 4:1 DPPC:DOPG containing 1 wt.% (and, to a lesser extent, 5 wt.%) peptide may be relevant for the formation of the intermediate order 'dendritic' surface phase observed in similar surface films by epi-fluorescence.
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378
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Biswas N, Shanmukh S, Waring AJ, Walther F, Wang Z, Chang Y, Notter RH, Dluhy RA. Structure and properties of phospholipid–peptide monolayers containing monomeric SP-B1–25. Biophys Chem 2005; 113:223-32. [PMID: 15620507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epifluorescence microscopy was used to study the structure and phase behavior of phospholipid films containing a human-sequence monomeric SP-B(1-25) synthetic peptide (mSP-B(1-25)). Measurements were done directly at the air-water (A/W) interface on films in a Langmuir-Whilhelmy balance coupled to a fluorescence microscope and real-time detection system to yield an approximate optical resolution of 1 mum. Fluorescence was achieved by laser excitation of 2-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (BODIPY-PC, concentration </=1 mol%). The presence of mSP-B(1-25) in films of 4:1 (mol/mol) 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (sodium salt) (DOPG) had a substantial effect on lipid morphology and phase behavior that depended on both surface pressure and peptide concentration (10, 5, and 1 wt.%). The mSP-B(1-25) peptide tended to fluidize phospholipid monolayers based on expanded molecular areas and reduced collapse pressures. In addition, epifluorescence measurements revealed the formation of solid-phase domains apparent as three-armed counterclockwise spirals separated from regions of fluid liquid-expanded phase domains in compressed phospholipid-peptide films. The appearance of these separated solid-phase domains resembled pure L-DPPC rather than the ensemble-type solid domains found in films of DPPC/DOPG alone and were most apparent when 10 wt.% mSP-B(1-25) was present. In contrast, films containing lower, more physiological mSP-B(1-25) contents of 5 and 1 wt.% exhibited a prominent intermediate 'dendritic' phase that increased in extent as surface pressure was raised. This phase was characterized by branching structures that formed a lattice-like mesh network with fluorescence intensities between a dye-depleted solid domain and a dye-enriched liquid phase. These results indicate that mSP-B(1-25) at near-physiological levels produces morphological changes in phospholipid monolayers analogous to those observed for native SP-B(1-79).
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379
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Kim S, Park H, Kwon Y, Chung Y, Kim T, Park H, Oh S, Bahn J, Lee J, Oh H, Shin E, Lee J, Chang Y, Kim Y, Cho S, Min K, Kim Y. Association between haplotypes of genetic polymorphisms of IL-13 and GM-CSF and atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness, and atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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380
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Cahill RA, Jones OY, Klemperer M, Steele A, Mueller TO, el-Badri N, Chang Y, Good RA. Replacement of recipient stromal/mesenchymal cells after bone marrow transplantation using bone fragments and cultured osteoblast-like cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004; 10:709-17. [PMID: 15389437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract We present our experience on treatment of three children with potentially fatal diseases using a unique protocol for non-myeloablative bone marrow transplantation. The protocol was designed to promote engraftment of bone marrow stromal/mesenchymal cells (SC/MSCs) based on the knowledge from preclinical models over the last three decades. Accordingly, our protocol is the first to test the use of bone fragments as an ideal vehicle to transplant such cells residing in the bone core. Because of the paucity of knowledge for optimum transplantation of SC/MSCs in humans, we used a multifaceted approach and implanted bone fragments both intraperitoneally and directly into bone on day 0 of BMT. We also infused cultured donor osteoblast-like cells intravenously post-BMT. We were able to achieve high levels of stroma cell engraftment as defined by molecular analyses of bone biopsy specimens.
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381
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Chang Y, Desai L, Fan T, Santana Z, Day N. Characterization of a novel allele HLA-B*3549. Hum Immunol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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382
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Chang Y, Cortes C, Brink C, Polony B, Vincent P, Xue D, Wilkie D, McNabola A, Carter C, Elting J. 148 BAY 57-9352: an inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinases that demonstrates broad anti-tumor activity as a single agent in preclinical models. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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383
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Machen J, Bertera S, Chang Y, Bottino R, Balamurugan AN, Robbins PD, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Prolongation of islet allograft survival following ex vivo transduction with adenovirus encoding a soluble type 1 TNF receptor–Ig fusion decoy. Gene Ther 2004; 11:1506-14. [PMID: 15229635 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a viable long-term therapeutic alternative to daily insulin replacement for type I diabetes. The allogeneic nature of the transplants poses immunological challenges for routine clinical utility. Gene transfer of immunoregulatory molecules and those that improve insulin release kinetics provides rational approaches to facilitate allogeneic islet transplantation as a potential therapy. We have examined the efficacy of a soluble type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) immunoglobulin-Fc fusion transgene (TNFR-Ig) to protect human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis in culture, as well as in facilitating allogeneic islet transplants in diabetic mice. Cultured human islets were transduced with an adenoviral vector encoding human TNFR-Ig (Ad-TNFR-Ig). TNFR-Ig protein was secreted by cultured islets, as well as by transduced mouse islet transplants recovered from mouse recipients. Glucose-induced insulin release kinetics were comparable among untransduced, Ad-TNFR-Ig-infected human islets and vector-transduced islets exposed to cytokines. In parallel, Ad-TNFR-Ig-infected islets were protected from cytokine-induced apoptosis activation. Finally, diabetic mice transplanted with allogeneic islets expressing TNFR-Ig returned to and maintained normoglycemia significantly longer than untransduced islet recipients. These data support the potential utility of TNFR-Ig gene transfer to islets as a means of facilitating allogeneic islet transplantation.
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384
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Fu YC, Chi CS, Chiu YT, Hsu SL, Hwang B, Jan SL, Chen PY, Huang FL, Chang Y. Cardiac complications of enterovirus rhombencephalitis. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89:368-73. [PMID: 15033850 PMCID: PMC1719879 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2003.029645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemics of enterovirus 71 infection have caused the death of many children throughout the world. Rhombencephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, and heart failure were present in all of the fatal cases. However, no evidence of myocarditis was noted in the heart specimens, and the mechanism of heart failure remains unknown. AIMS To characterise the presentation of cardiac complications in children with enterovirus rhombencephalitis and discuss its pathogenesis. METHODS Ninety one consecutive patients with enterovirus rhombencephalitis underwent echocardiography. Of these, 17 patients (nine male, eight female; median age 14 months, range 4-57 months) with left ventricular dysfunction were studied. RESULTS Tachycardia was noted in all patients and systemic hypertension in 12. Muscle-brain fraction of creatine kinase was >5% in 14 patients. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were significantly raised in the three patients in whom these were analysed. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were noted in eight patients. Pulmonary oedema was complicated in 15 patients. The initial ejection fraction of the left ventricle was 22-58% (mean 37%, SD 11%). All patients deteriorated to hypotensive shock within 12 hours and 13 died. Heart specimens from seven patients showed no evidence of myocarditis, but significant coagulative myocytolysis, myofibrillar degeneration, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were observed. CONCLUSIONS Acute heart failure was noted in 19% of patients with enterovirus rhombencephalitis, which had a fatality rate of 77%. It was not caused by myocarditis but possibly by neurogenic cardiac damage.
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385
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Hildebrandt G, Olkiewicz K, Corrion L, Chang Y, Liu C, Ferrara J, Cooke K. Donor T cell-derived TNF alpha regulates pulmonary chemokine expression and the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2003.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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386
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Jenkins M, Zhu H, Dai C, Sithisack J, Chang Y, Zhu T. 349 FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE HIV-1 ENVELOPE GENE ISOLATED FROM PURIFIED HUMAN T CELLS AND MONOCYTES. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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387
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Lay OP, Dubovitsky S, Peters RD, Burger JP, Ahn SW, Steier WH, Fetterman HR, Chang Y. MSTAR: a submicrometer absolute metrology system. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:890-892. [PMID: 12816236 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Ranging (MSTAR) sensor permits absolute distance measurement with subnanometer accuracy, an improvement of 4 orders of magnitude over current techniques. The system uses fast phase modulators to resolve the integer cycle ambiguity of standard interferometers. The concept is described and demonstrated over target distances up to 1 m. The design can be extended to kilometer-scale separations.
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388
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Chang Y, von Zitzewitz J, Hayes PM, Chen THH. High frequency plant regeneration from immature embryos of an elite barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2003; 21:733-738. [PMID: 12789516 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-003-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2002] [Revised: 01/30/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An efficient plant regeneration system was developed for Hordeum vulgare L. 'Morex' barley, an important United States malting cultivar. The protocol was based on a series of experiments involving the sizes of immature embryos and the culture media. We found that the embryo size is critical for the establishment of embryogenic callus. Smaller embryos (0.5-1.5 mm) showed a much higher ability to produce embryogenic callus capable of regenerating green plants with fewer albinos than did the larger embryos (1.6-3.0 mm). Either 3 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or dicamba in modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium was optimum for the induction of embryogenic callus. The embryogenic callus maintained high regeneration during six subcultures in the callus induction medium. Efficient shoot regeneration was obtained on modified MS medium containing 0.5-1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 0.2 mg/l IBA. Plants were successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. This efficient plant regeneration system provides a foundation for generating transgenic plants of this important barley cultivar.
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389
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Chang Y, Kim T, Kang H, Kim S, Bahn J, Kim Y, Min K, Cho S, Chang Y. 3′ hexameric deoxyguanosine run (dG6 run) enhances immunogenecity of phosphodiester CpG-ODN without increasing the risk of splenomegaly in murine model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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390
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Chang Y, Huang H, Chou M, Lin M. A Comparison of Three Methods For Predicting Lithium Doses in Chinese Psychiatric Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(03)90680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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391
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392
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393
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Martyn JAJ, Chang Y, Goudsouzian NG, Patel SS. Pharmacodynamics of mivacurium chloride in 13- to 18-yr-old adolescents with thermal injury. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89:580-5. [PMID: 12393359 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aef234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burned patients demonstrate resistance to the effects of non-depolarizing blocking drugs as a result of acetylcholine receptor changes. They also have decreased activity of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE), which metabolizes mivacurium. We hypothesized that decreased PCHE activity would decrease metabolism of mivacurium, and counteract the receptor-related resistance following burns. METHODS Thirteen burned patients and six controls, aged 13-18 yr were followed in 27 studies. The burned patients were sub-classified as having 10-30% or >30% body surface area burn and were studied whenever possible at < or =6 days, and at 1-12 weeks after the burn. Mivacurium pharmacodynamics were examined following a bolus (0.15 mg kg(-1)) dose, and during and after a continuous infusion. RESULTS Following a bolus, the onset time and the maximal effect were similar to controls. Recovery was prolonged in the 10-30% burn group at 1-12 weeks (P<0.008), with a similar trend in the >30% burn group at < or =6 days (P<0.082) compared with controls. The infusion requirements for mivacurium were not increased in the burned groups. The PCHE activity was decreased in all burn groups and was inversely related to recovery following the bolus (r=0.73, P<0.001) and the infusion (r=0.69, P<0.001). CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies with non-depolarizers in burned patients, normal mivacurium doses can produce paralysis, at least as rapidly as in controls, but with a possibility of a prolonged recovery from block. The standard dose of mivacurium in the presence of decreased PCHE activity is in effect, a relative overdose that explains the above findings. Mivacurium is an effective drug for use in burns, irrespective of time after, or magnitude of burn injury.
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394
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Ferri T, Chang Y, Blumenthal D, Pearson S. Leaving gatekeeping behind—effects of opening access to specialists for adults in a health maintenance organization. Am J Ophthalmol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(01)01384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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395
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396
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Jang SH, Byun WM, Chang Y, Han BS, Ahn SH. Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation evidence of ipsilateral motor pathway with congenital brain disorder: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:1733-6. [PMID: 11733891 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of 28-year-old man with schizencephaly who had mild left hemiparesis with mirror movement. Brain mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for both hand muscles was done to evaluate his neurologic state. Motor evoked potential (MEP) from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles was obtained simultaneously. fMRI showed that the left primary sensorimotor cortex became active when the right fingers performed the flexion-extension exercise. The left primary sensorimotor cortex, left prefrontal area, and both supplementary motor areas were activated with flexion-extension exercise of the left hand. Brain mapping for both APB muscles using TMS showed that no MEP was evoked in the right hemisphere, but a APB total of 5 sites were evoked in the left hemisphere simultaneously. The optimal scalp site for both APB muscles was present at the same site. The MEPs of both muscles which were evoked by stimulation of the optimal scalp site, showed similar latencies, amplitudes, and figures of potential. The similarities in both MEPs and the same optimal scalp site support the assumption that MEPs of both APB muscles are produced by the corticospinal tract originating from the same motor cortex. Our results showed that the ipsilateral motor pathway extended from the unaffected left hemisphere to both hand muscles. This finding may reflect functional reorganization of motor area in a patient with congenital brain disorder.
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397
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Chen Y, An J, Song G, Feng L, Ding Y, Chang Y, Chen F, Liu B, He H, Tang H, Song H, Rao Z. Crystallization And Preliminary X-Ray Crystallographic Studies Of Staphylokinase Variant S41g. Protein Pept Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866013409148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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398
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Chang Y, Ducroquet F, Gosset LG, Sibai A, Dashtizadeh V, Damlencourt JF, Rollandan G, Martin F. Article. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:20011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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399
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Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the distributions in width as well as in density of macular pigment (MP) in humans at different ages, imaging fundus reflectometry was employed as a tool to reach our aim. METHODS Imaging fundus reflectometry was used to measure the macular pigment distribution in human eyes with a modified fundus camera to which a cooled CCD camera was attached. The fundus images were taken at 460 nm and 560 nm after the retina was light-adapted to completely bleach rhodopsin. The density of macular pigment was estimated using a model described in the text. The variation in density with retinal eccentricity was fit to Gaussian distribution. The width of MP in retinal eccentricity was estimated by 95% covering area of the distribution profile. A total of 54 normal people served as subjects. They were divided into three groups with ages of 24.8 +/- 2.6 years (N = 24), 40.2 +/- 8.3 years (N = 13) and 67.5 +/- 7.1 years (N = 17) respectively. Statistical t-tests were employed to evaluate the differences in MP density, the half width of MP distributed (HWMPD) in retina with respect to age between the groups. Linear regression was also applied to reveal the relationships of HWMPD distribution with respect to age. RESULTS The results indicate that the average MP densities are 0.23 +/- 0.08, 0.22 +/- 0.06 and 0.23 +/- 0.06 density unit (DU) for the young to old age groups. The average MP density is 0.23 +/- 0.07. No statistical significant difference is found in the peak MP density between the groups (all p > 0.05). This result pretty agrees with the data that obtained from others by using optical methods. For the young to old age groups, the average estimated HWMPD are 2.6 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees, 3.1 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees and 4.1 degrees +/- 0.6 degrees respectively. The differences between loci of HWMPD in the three groups are statistically significant with p = 0.0059, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001 for young vs. mid-age, young vs. old and mid-age vs. old respectively. Linear regressions for the HWMPD vs. age (r = 0.734, p < 0.001) implies that the macular pigment can gradually accumulate and spread out to the periphery of retina through our life span with an increase rate of approximately 0.03 degrees /year. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of MP is reflected by the broader area in the macula lutea due to age, but no significant change is observed in peak density. The cause of the extension in the macular area with respect to age is unknown.
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Chen Y, An J, Ding Y, Dai H, Mao Q, Feng L, Liu B, Chang Y, Chen F, He H, Tang H, Chang Z, Rao Z. Preliminary X-Ray Crystallographic Studies Of The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Hsp16.3 Molecular Chaperone. Protein Pept Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866013409111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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