Significance of Sudan III staining in macrophages

Peritoneal macrophages of mice, 48 hr after intraperitoneal administration of albumin (egg white), were studied. Almost all granules in the cytoplasm of macrophages stained by the supravital staining with neutral red were revealed to be colored brick red by the staining with Sudan III in the smear preparation. Because of lack of lipids in the inoculum, it is difficult to explain that these granules stained with Sudan III were lipids phagocytosed. The observation led the suggestion that the Sudan III stained granules in macrophages were out of all relation to lipids phagocytosed and that the granules indicated some functional phage of macrophages.

Histological studies of the mode of origin of tumors

All of the tubular adenocarcinomas of early gastric cancer in humans showed gentle transitions from surrounding normal to neoplastic epithelium. In mammary carcinomas in C3H/He mice, known as viral tumors, there were also transitional appearances from normal to cancer cells. Furthermore, it was possible in rats to trace gradations between normal fibrocytes and sarcoma cells in marginal areas of tumors induced subcutaneously by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). It cannot be explained by the mutation of a few somatic cells that transitions from normal to neoplastic cells were observed not only in viral tumors in mice but also in human carcinomas and in chemically induced tumors in rats. It seems well to think of the mode of origin of all types of tumors as an excessive cellular regeneration to make up for the functional disturbance of cells invaded by oncogenic viruses.

[Vitreous hemorrhage after ruptured intracerebral aneurysms (Terson syndrome) (author's transl)]

Operative mortality and morbidity for intracerebral aneurysms has recently reduced with microsurgical technique, so more functional prognosis such as visual disturbance due to fundal hemorrhages has been studied. Here vitreous hemorrhage secondary to ruptured cerebral aneurysms (Terson syndrome) was attentioned. Three patients had more over 2 hours of unconsciousness and one patient experienced repeated episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage within a week. This suggested rapid increased intracranial pressure resulted in vitreous hemorrhage through the venous congestion, which had been reported by Castrén (1963). All patients became blind because of severe vitreous hemorrhage. First case was followed over 7 years with only conservative therapy, but failed to improve. Another 3 cases regained visual acuity soon after operation. We emphasized vitreous hemorrhage as an important functional prognostic factor after ruptured intracerebral aneurysms and effective results of vitrectomy was showed.

Mechanism of the development of resistance to mitomycin C in Hirosaki sarcoma

In the peritoneal cavity of the rat, Hirosaki sarcoma, as ascites tumor of the rat, acquired a resistance to the essentially effective dose of 100 microgram/kg of mitomycin C by means of the daily treatment with the ineffective dose of 10 or 1 microgram/kg of mitomycin C. It is considered that most of Hirosaki sarcoma cells may have gradually acquired a hereditary resistance to mitomycin C in the course of the contact with the drug.

Cross-immunity among allogeneic tumors in rats immunized with gamma-irradiated ascites tumors

Non-inbred rats of the Gifu strain were intraperitoneally challenged with Hirosaki sarcoma (tetraploid type, 10(5) cells) after repeated immunization with gamma-irradiated (13,000 rads 60Co) allogeneic non-viral tumors of ascites type (tetraploid or diploid type of Hirosaki sarcoma, Usubuchi sarcoma or AH130). In rats immunized not only with the same tumor as the immunizing tumor but also with a different tumor, the growth of the challenge tumor was markedly inhibited as compared with the control in non-immunized rats. It is considered that these tumors retained common antigen(s) by the resistance to irradiation because of their form of ascites tumor. The marked cross-immunity in rats immunized with AH130 may be explained by the fact that gamma-irradiated AH130 cells were alive longer in the peritoneal cavity than other tumors on account of its high resistance to irradiation.

Cross-immunity between syngeneic tumors in mice immunized with gamma-irradiated ascites tumors

C3H/He mice immunized repeatedly with irradiated (13,000 rads 60Co) MM46 or MM48, both transplantable ascites mammary carcinomas of the same strain, were subcutaneously challenged with the identical or the different tumor. In mice immunized with irradiated MM46, the growth of challenges of not only MM46 but also MM48 was inhibited. On the other hand, in mice immunized with irradiated MM48, the growth of challenges of MM48 was inhibited, but the inhibition of the growth of MM46 was not observed. Cross-immunity, therefore, was shown by immunization with MM46 but not with MM48. These findings was considered to indicate that MM46 expressed cross-immunity against MM48 because of its high resistance to the irradiation, and that MM48 did not show cross-immunity to MM46 because of its low resistance to the irradiation.

Total replacement of the rheumatoid elbow with a hingeless prosthesis

Twenty-four elbows with rheumatoid arthritis underwent total replacement arthroplasty with insertion of a hingeless surface-replacement prosthesis. These were followed for an average of three years and ten months. Excellent results were seen in fourteen elbows; fair, in seven; and poor, in three. Satisfactory pain relief as well as good stability were obtained in all but one elbow. Two elbows did not regain a useful range of motion. Proximal migration of the humeral component was seen in one elbow, and persistent subluxation with pain and instability was seen in another. No other major complications were encountered. The very low incidence of loosening in this series seems to substantiate the sound principle of the use of this type of hingeless prosthesis.

Side-effects of prosthetic materials on the human body

The authors report 6 patients (7 joints) in whom inflammation, dermal necrosis, dermatitis or fistula formation was attributed to the materials commonly used for joint endoprostheses. Histological appearances and chemical analyses of the involved tissues are presented, together with a discussion of the possible mechanism and methods of diagnosis and treatment.

A scanning electron microscopic study on the peritoneal implantation of ascites hepatoma AH100B cells in rats

The process and mechanism of peritoneal metastasis of tumor cells were studied experimentally by means of scanning or transmission electron microscopy, employing rat ascites hepatoma AH100B. Adhesion of tumor cells by microvilli and/or pseudopodia to the mesothelium was observed within 1 approximately 3 days after inoculation when there was no morphological changes of the mesothelial cells. Some changes of the mesothelial cells, such as irregularity, atrophy, and exfoliation, followed tumor cell adhesion 5 or 6 days after inoculation. It was noted that tumor cells adhered to the mesothelium first where no morphological changes were induced, and it is suggested that tumor cells infiltrate into the submesothelial tissue through mesothelial defects.

Immunotherapy of autochthomous rat methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas with a mixture of allogeneic tumor cells and BCG-CWS

Experimental immunotherapy with a mixture of allogeneic tumor cells and BCG cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) was carried out against established autochthonous fibrosarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The inhibitory effect on growth in the early stage, tumor-size up to 2 cm in diameter, was significantly observed. No significant difference, however, was shown as compared with the effect of treatment with allogeneic tumor cells alone. That is to say, a more effective inhibition of growth due to the addition of BCG-CWS was not demonstrated.

Immunotherapeutic effect of allogeneic tumor cells on the growth of autochthonous 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in rats

The tumor-inhibitory effect of injections of allogeneic tumor cells was observed. Established autochthonous sarcomas induced in the subcutaneous tissue of rats by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) were treated with immunization by using allogeneic Hirosaki sarcoma cells. When MCA-induced sarcomas grew to approximately 1 cm in mean diameter, Hirosaki sarcoma cells were inoculated into various tissues of primary tumor-bearing rats. Immunizing procedures consisted of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections in one experimental group, and of intradermal and intraperitoneal injections in another. Significantly inhibitory effect on the growth of autochthonous sarcomas was observed in the initial stage up to 2 cm in diameter as compared with that of control sarcomas. No significant inhibition was seen in the course of the growth of sarcomas larger than 2 cm in diameter. This results may indicate that immunotherapy by using allogeneic tumor cells should be considered to be valuable for the treatment of human cancer.