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Tanabe K, Oshima T, Tokumoto T, Ishikawa N, Kanematsu A, Shinmura H, Koga S, Fuchinoue S, Takahashi K, Toma H. Long-term renal function in on-heart-beating donor kidney transplantation: a single-center experience. Transplantation 1998; 66:1708-13. [PMID: 9884264 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199812270-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most serious problems facing major transplant programs is the severe shortage of organs. Expansion of the donor pool to include nontraditional donors, such as non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs), would considerably expand the availability of organs. METHODS Between 1983 and 1996, we performed a total of 125 non-heart-beating cadaveric renal transplantations under cyclosporine-based or tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Thirty-nine recipients were females and 86 were males. Total ischemic time (TIT) and warm ischemic time (WIT) were an average of 761+/-347 min (322-2027 min) and 7.4+/-13.1 min (0-45 min), respectively. RESULTS Of the 125 transplanted kidneys from NHBDs, 98 (78.4%) developed delayed graft function (DGF), which lasted a mean of 16+/-21 days (range 3-37 days). One hundred and eight patients (86.4%) were off dialysis by the time of discharge. Of the 125 grafts, 11 (8.8%) were primary nonfunction. The average of the nadir of serum creatinine levels, which was evaluated using 108 patients who were off dialysis by the time of discharge, was 1.4+/-0.5 mg/dl. The lowest creatinine levels (nadir) were under 2.0 mg/dl in 98 (78.4%) of the 125 patients. Acute rejection occurred in 64 (51.2%) of the 125 recipients. Patient survival rates were 90% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years. Graft survival rates were 65% at 5 years and 46% at 10 years. We tried to find the risk factors that affected graft survival. We examined the various possible risk factors, including harvesting condition (controlled versus uncontrolled), HLA-AB mismatches, HLA-DR mismatches, graft weight, donor age and sex, recipient age and sex, posttransplant DGF, acute rejection, WIT, and TIT. However, no significant risk factor was identified except acute rejection. We tried to discover the risk factors that caused primary nonfunction. Possible risk factors, including donor age, TIT, WIT, graft weight, and harvesting condition were compared, but no significant risk factor was identified. Long-term renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine levels. Serum creatinine levels at 1, 5, and 10 years were 1.76+/-0.7 mg/dl, 1.7+/-0.96 mg/dl, and 1.53-/+0.6 mg/dl, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the procurement of kidneys from NHBDs leads to acceptable long-term graft survival and renal function, despite a high incidence of DGF.
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Inada H, Goto H, Tanabe K, Nishi Y, Kaibuchi K, Inagaki M. Rho-associated kinase phosphorylates desmin, the myogenic intermediate filament protein, at unique amino-terminal sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 253:21-5. [PMID: 9875213 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We obtained evidence that Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) phosphorylates desmin, the myogenic intermediate filament protein, with approximately 2 mol phosphate per mole of desmin in vitro. Desmin phosphorylated by Rho-kinase lost the potential to form 10-nm filaments. Thr-16, Thr-75, and Thr-76 on desmin proved to be the major phosphorylation sites for Rho-kinase. All these sites are located within the head domain and are different from the reported phosphorylation sites of protein kinase. A, protein kinase C, and cdc2 kinase. We are entertaining the notion that Rho-kinase may regulate filament structures of desmin by site-specific phosphorylation.
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403
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Ferreira MU, Liu Q, Kimura M, Ndawi BT, Tanabe K, Kawamoto F. Allelic Diversity in the Merozoite Surface Protein-1 and Epidemiology of Multiple-Clone Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Northern Tanzania. J Parasitol 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/3284693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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404
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Ferreira MU, Liu Q, Kimura M, Ndawi BT, Tanabe K, Kawamoto F. Allelic diversity in the merozoite surface protein-1 and epidemiology of multiple-clone Plasmodium falciparum infections in northern Tanzania. J Parasitol 1998; 84:1286-9. [PMID: 9920333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelic diversity in the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum, a major malaria vaccine candidate, was examined in clinical isolates from holoendemic northern Tanzania. The variable blocks 2, 4a, 4b, 6, and 10 of the MSP-1 gene were typed by allelic type-specific polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four possible MSP-1 gene types were defined as unique combinations of allelic types detected in each variable block. Thirteen gene types were identified, and 187 P. falciparum populations were fully typed among 79 isolates. In contrast with recent findings in Vietnam, we were unable to detect nonrandom associations between allelic types in the typed variable blocks. Most patients (60%) harbored more than 1 genetically distinct parasite population (average: 2.37 populations per isolate) and, in 1 patient, 6 different versions of this single-copy gene were found. Statistical analysis suggests that parasites carrying different MSP-1 gene types are not independently distributed in the host population. The epidemiological consequences of these findings are discussed.
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405
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Goya N, Toda F, Nishino S, Tokumoto T, Iguchi Y, Kobayashi H, Ohshima T, Kihara T, Tanabe K, Yagisawa T, Nakazawa H, Toma H, Fujii H, Shimizu M. Autotransfusion supported by erythropoietin therapy in transurethral resection of the prostate. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY 1998; 32:383-7. [PMID: 9925000 DOI: 10.1080/003655998750015142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the collection and transfusion of autologous blood after treatment with EPO in 68 BPH patients (including 10 controls) who were scheduled to undergo TUR-P. All patients received oral and/or intravenous iron supplements. Assessments were made based on the preoperative increase in blood hemoglobin levels including autologous blood predonation (deltaHb). The deltaHb in patients undergoing collection of 600 ml of blood were as follows: control group: -0.36 +/- 0.57 g/dl; EPO group, 9 x 3000 units intravenously: 1.15 +/- 0.83 g/dl; EPO group, 6 x 6000 units intravenously: 0.79 +/- 0.80 g/dl; EPO group, 3 x 12,000 units subcutaneously: 1.47 +/- 0.62 g/dl. In patients undergoing collection of 800 ml of blood, the results were as follows: EPO group, 3 x 12,000 units subcutaneously: 1.80 +/- 0.69 g/dl; EPO group, 3 x 24,000 units subcutaneously: 2.03 +/- 0.77 g/dl. All EPO-treated patients successfully underwent surgery using their own blood, and none of them required homologous transfusion. The increase of Hb was greater in the patients treated with EPO than in controls, allowing safe preoperative blood collection even in elderly patients. In patients with relatively severe BPH, homologous transfusion could be avoided and surgery was performed safely.
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406
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407
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Tanabe K, Sakihama N, Kaneko O, Saito-Ito A, Kimura M. A PCR method for molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum Msp-1. THE TOKAI JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1998; 23:375-81. [PMID: 10622635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum is a strong malaria vaccine candidate. However, MSP-1 exhibits extensive antigenic polymorphism, an issue which may compromise the development of effective vaccine based on this molecule. Since polymorphic nature of MSP-1 has not been fully understood in endemic areas of malaria, variation of the MSP-1 gene (Msp-1) must be studied in detail in natural parasite populations. Here, a PCR-based method for determination of P. falciparum Msp-1 haplotype is described, which can detect up to 24 different haplotypes per infected person. The method can be applied to various purposes of molecular epidemiology of not only Msp-1 haplotype but the genetic structure of P. falciparum populations.
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408
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Tanabe K, Takahashi K, Tokumoto T, Ishikawa N, Oshima T, Kanematsu A, Kitani R, Fuchinoue S, Yagisawa T, Ota K, Teraoka S, Agishi T, Toma H. Infectious complications in ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation: a single center experience. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3130-2. [PMID: 9838383 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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409
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Tokumoto T, Tanabe K, Ishikawa N, Simizu T, Oshima T, Noguchi S, Gouya N, Nakazawa H, Hashimoto E, Fuchinoue S, Hayashi N, Toma H. Effect of interferon-alfa treatment in renal transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis C. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3270-2. [PMID: 9838445 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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410
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Kanematsu A, Tanabe K, Ishikawa N, Tokumoto T, Huchinoue S, Takahashi K, Toma H. Impact of donor age on long-term graft survival in living donor kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3118-9. [PMID: 9838377 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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411
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Ishikawa N, Tanabe K, Tokumoto T, Koga S, Okuda H, Nakazawa H, Takahashi K, Toma H. Renal cell carcinoma of native kidneys in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3156-8. [PMID: 9838396 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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412
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Kawase T, Tanabe K, Takahashi K, Ishikawa N, Tokumoto T, Kanematsu A, Oshima T, Yagisawa T, Fuchinoue S, Ota K, Toma H, Tetsuzo A. Ex vivo reno-vascular reconstruction in living kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2993-4. [PMID: 9838319 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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413
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Toda F, Tanabe K, Ishikawa N, Tokumoto T, Yamazaki Y, Goya N, Nakazawa H, Toma H. Renal transplantation in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3007-9. [PMID: 9838325 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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414
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Belohlavek M, Tanabe K, Mulvagh SL, Foley DA, Greenleaf JF, Seward JB. Image enhancement by noncontrast harmonic echocardiography. Part II. Quantitative assessment with use of contrast-to-speckle ratio. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73:1066-70. [PMID: 9818040 DOI: 10.4065/73.11.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether "harmonic imaging"--use of ultrasound signals with the frequency twice that of the transmitted signal for ultrasound image generation--can improve image contrast while reducing noise. METHODS Technically difficult echocardiograms (nonvisualization of 2 or more endocardial segments in a 16-segment model) from 25 patients were analyzed. Corresponding fundamental and harmonic images of the left ventricle in the apical four-chamber, two-chamber, and long-axis views were divided into basal, mid, and apical regions. The difference in image quality between fundamental and harmonic scans was assessed by using the muscle-to-cavity contrast-to-speckle ratio (CSRmc). RESULTS The mean CSRmc values of pooled data revealed significant image enhancement by harmonic scanning (CSRmc increased from 0.84 to 1.06; P < 0.0001). Regression analysis showed that harmonic imaging improved the CSRmc values in 68% of all scans. Regional analysis indicated the most enhancement in basal regions (CSRmc increased from 0.96 to 1.34; P < 0.0001), followed by the mid (CSRmc increased from 0.84 to 1.04; P < 0.0001) and apical (CSRmc increased from 0.68 to 0.74; P = 0.0138) left ventricular regions. CONCLUSION Noncontrast harmonic imaging significantly enhances suboptimal echocardiographic images, particularly in the regions distant from the transducer.
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415
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Ono M, Asanuma T, Tanabe K, Yoshitomi H, Shimizu H, Ohta Y, Shimada T. Improved visualization of the left atrial appendage by transthoracic 2-dimensional tissue harmonic compared with fundamental echocardiographic imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998; 11:1044-9. [PMID: 9812097 DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared fundamental and tissue harmonic transthoracic echocardiographic imaging for the delineation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in 32 subjects. The LAA images recorded in the parasternal short-axis view were divided into 4 segments and 2 observers independently graded for each segment using a visual scoring system ranging from 0 to 3 (0 = no, 3 = clearly visible over the entire length of the segment). For the 128 segments, the averaged segment scores were significantly increased after switching to harmonic imaging (1.32 +/- 0.69 versus 1.60 +/- 0.81 for fundamental and tissue harmonic imaging, respectively; P <.0005 for observer 1, and 1.38 +/- 0.65 versus 1.61 +/- 0.82, respectively; P <.001 for observer 2). In a patient with LAA thrombus, the image contrast of the thrombus was improved in harmonic compared with fundamental imaging. These data suggest that tissue harmonic imaging significantly improves image quality of the LAA.
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416
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Haruguchi H, Tojimbara T, Fuchinoue S, Nakajima I, Fujita S, Abe M, Tokumoto N, Tanabe K, Agishi T. Clinical aspects of renal transplantation for patients on dialysis for 10 years or more. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3083-5. [PMID: 9838360 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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417
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Watanabe Y, Iida H, Tanabe K, Ohata H, Dohi S. Clonidine premedication modifies responses to adrenoceptor agonists and baroreflex sensitivity. Can J Anaesth 1998; 45:1084-90. [PMID: 10021957 DOI: 10.1007/bf03012396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of clonidine on responses to adrenoceptor agonists and baroreflex sensitivity, we examined arterial blood pressure (AP) responses to phenylephrine and heart rate (HR) responses to isoproterenol and baroreflex sensitivity (HR response to AP changes due to phenylephrine or nitroglycerin). METHODS We studied 60 anaesthetized patients who either did or did not receive 5 micrograms.kg-1 clonidine po before they were anaesthetized. After induction of general anaesthesia, the patients received 3 micrograms.kg-1 phenylephrine, 0.02 microgram.kg-1 isoproterenol, or 2-3 micrograms.kg-1 nitroglycerin, and haemodynamic measurements were taken. Baroreflex sensitivity was expressed as the slope of the linear regression line (msec.mmHg-1; in msec of R-R interval change vs mmHg change in systolic arterial pressure) following the administration of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin. RESULTS Patients who received clonidine had greater augmented responses in AP to phenylephrine and in HR to isoproterenol (47.2 +/- 15.6% vs 23.7 +/- 11.9% for increase in systolic AP and 59.8 +/- 22.6% vs 26.2 +/- 11.0% for increase in HR, P < 0.05 respectively). There were no differences between the baroreflex sensitivities in the pressor (phenylephrine) test groups (3.77 +/- 1.08 vs 4.41 +/- 1.66 msec.mmHg-1). In contrast, the slopes of depressor (nitroglycerin) test groups were decreased in patients receiving clonidine (1.98 +/- 0.73 vs 3.68 +/- 1.72 msec.mmHg-1, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that premedication with clonidine might enhance critical hypotension during anaesthesia and surgery, but restoration both of AP and HR decrease can be achieved effectively by phenylephrine and isoproterenol i.v., respectively.
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418
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Shimmura H, Ishikawa N, Tanabe K, Tokumoto T, Ohsima T, Fuchinoue S, Ota K, Toma H. Angiographic embolization in patients with renal allograft arteriovenous fistula. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2990-2. [PMID: 9838318 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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419
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Shimizu T, Tanabe K, Oshima T, Tokumoto T, Okuda H, Ishikawa N, Toma H. Recurrence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in renal allografts. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3910-3. [PMID: 9838711 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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420
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Tanabe K, Kitani R, Takahashi K, Tokumoto T, Ishikawa N, Oshima T, Kanematsu A, Fuchinoue S, Yagisawa T, Ota K, Toma H. Long-term results in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-positive renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3168-70. [PMID: 9838401 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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421
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Takai N, Nakanishi H, Tanabe K, Nishioku T, Sugiyama T, Fujiwara M, Yamamoto K. Involvement of caspase-like proteinases in apoptosis of neuronal PC12 cells and primary cultured microglia induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. J Neurosci Res 1998; 54:214-22. [PMID: 9788280 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19981015)54:2<214::aid-jnr9>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activation of proteolytic enzymes, including the caspase family of proteinases, is a feature characteristic of the apoptotic program. In the present study, we examined a potential role of intracellular proteinases in the death of neuronal PC12 and primary cultured rat microglial cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In both neuronal PC12 and microglial cells, 6-OHDA (10-200 microM) induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as judged by the DNA break. The 6-OHDA was ineffective in Bcl-2-overexpressing neuronal PC12 cells. Pretreatment of these cells with two caspase inhibitors, acetyl-Try-Val-Ala-Asp-aldehyde and acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde, prevented the 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis. Pepstatin A and leupeptin, potent inhibitors of aspartic and cysteine proteinases, respectively, partly inhibited the apoptosis of microglia but not neuronal PC12 cells. In contrast, GBR12935, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, significantly inhibited the apoptotic death of neuronal PC12 cells but not microglia. These results suggest that mechanisms by which 6-OHDA induces apoptosis in these two cell types are distinct; 6-OHDA incorporated into neuronal PC12 cells and its metabolites may activate the caspase-like enzymes, whereas oxidative metabolites of the agent produced extracellularly may activate the caspase and the endosomal/lysosomal proteolytic systems in microglia.
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422
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Sugiyama T, Ohta S, Nishida T, Okura N, Tanabe K, Yakushiji M. Two cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma arising from atypical polypoid adenomyoma. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 71:141-4. [PMID: 9784336 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1998.5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) most frequently presents as an endometrial polyp in premenopausal women and is believed to follow a benign course. In hysterectomy specimens from postmenopausal Japanease women, the endometrium contained an APA with an area of endometrial adenocarcinoma. A convincing transition zone between the APA and the adenocarcinoma was seen in our cases, suggesting that APA may develop into endometrial adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal women.
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423
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Ferreira MU, Kaneko O, Kimura M, Liu Q, Kawamoto F, Tanabe K. Allelic diversity at the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) locus in natural Plasmodium falciparum populations: a brief overview. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1998; 93:631-8. [PMID: 9830530 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761998000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) locus of Plasmodium falciparum codes for a major asexual blood-stage antigen currently proposed as a major malaria vaccine candidate. The protein, however, shows extensive polymorphism, which may compromise its use in sub-unit vaccines. Here we compare the patterns of allelic diversity at the MSP-1 locus in wild isolates from three epidemiologically distinct malaria-endemic areas: the hypoendemic southwestern Brazilian Amazon (n = 54), the mesoendemic southern Vietnam (n = 238) and the holoendemic northern Tanzania (n = 79). Fragments of the variable blocks 2, 4a, 4b and 6 or 10 of this single-copy gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and 24 MSP-1 gene types were defined as unique combinations of allelic types in each variable block. Ten different MSP-1 types were identified in Brazil, 23 in Vietnam and 13 in Tanzania. The proportion of genetically mixed infections (isolates with parasites carrying more than one MSP-1 version) ranged from 39% in Brazil to 44% in Vietnam and 60% in Tanzania. The vast majority (90%) of the typed parasite populations from Brazil and Tanzania belonged to the same seven most frequent MSP-1 gene types. In contrast, these seven gene types corresponded to only 61% of the typed parasite populations from Vietnam. Non-random associations were found between allelic types in blocks 4a and 6 among Vietnamese isolates, the same pattern being observed in independent studies performed in 1994, 1995 and 1996. These results suggest that MSP-1 is under selective pressure in the local parasite population. Nevertheless, the finding that similar MSP-1 type frequencies were found in 1994 and 1996 argues against the prominence of short-term frequency-dependent immune selection of MSP-1 polymorphisms. Non-random associations between MSP-1 allelic types, however, were not detected among isolates from Brazil and Tanzania. A preliminary analysis of the distribution of MSP-1 gene types per host among isolates from Tanzania, but not among those from Brazil and Vietnam, shows significant deviation from that expected under the null hypothesis of independent distribution of parasites carrying different gene types in the human hosts. Some epidemiological consequences of these findings are discussed.
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Simizu S, Tanabe K, Tashiro E, Takada M, Umezawa K, Imoto M. Potentiation of paclitaxel cytotoxicity by inostamycin in human small cell lung carcinoma, Ms-1 cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998; 89:970-6. [PMID: 9818034 PMCID: PMC5921940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we found that inostamycin increased the ability of paclitaxel to induce apoptosis in Ms-1 cells. A considerably higher concentration of paclitaxel was required for the induction of apoptosis in Ms-1 cells than in other cell lines tested. Treatment of Ms-1 cells with inostamycin, an inhibitor of phoshatidylinositol (PI) synthesis, reduced the dosage of paclitaxel required to induce cell death by apoptosis. This effect of inostamycin is specific to Ms-1 cells, and inostamycin did not increase the cytotoxicity of other antitumor drugs such as adriamycin, vinblastine, methotrexate, cisplatin, etoposide, or camptothecin in Ms-1 cells. Addition of inostamycin to paclitaxel-treated cells caused a significant increase in the sub G1 peak, representing apoptosis, which was accompanied by a decrease in the G2/M peak seen in paclitaxel-treated Ms-1 cells, without affecting paclitaxel-inhibited tubulin depolymerization. Moreover, paclitaxel did not enhance inostamycin-inhibited PI synthesis. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and Bcl-XL were not changed following the co-treatment with inostamycin plus paclitaxel, whereas the activated form of caspase-3 was markedly increased. Thus, inostamycin is a chemosensitizer of paclitaxel in small cell lung carcinoma Ms-1 cells.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary bladder augmentation is gaining popularity for the treatment of dysfunctional bladders in renal transplant patients. Although reported cases of adult and pediatric transplants into the augmented bladder have been favorable, the potential risk of urinary tract infection and graft failure under immunosuppression is still disputable. We report our experiences with 4 patients who underwent renal transplantation into an augmented bladder. METHODS Between 1971 and 1996, 1275 renal transplants were performed at our institution. Of these transplants, 4 patients underwent renal transplantation into an augmented urinary bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty was performed before transplantation in 3 patients and 7 years after transplantation in the other patient. The bladder was augmented with an ileal segment in 3 patients and a ureter in the fourth patient. Graft function was assessed by the serum creatinine level. Fluorocystometrograms were performed in all patients at fixed intervals. RESULTS Posttransplant renal function was satisfactory overall and no patient exhibited proteinuria. All patients except 1 acquired a large capacity low pressure bladder and remained continent with clean intermittent catheterization. One patient who underwent ureterocystoplasty is still incontinent because of his relatively small bladder capacity. Posttransplant pyelonephritis was documented in 3 patients during the follow-up period, but no other complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that renal transplantation into extensively reconstructed bladders can be safely performed with good success. Although urinary tract infection is a major consideration, we recommend pretransplant reconstruction not only to preserve graft function, but also to achieve urinary continence.
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