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Li J, Obel C, Vestergaard M, Olsen J. P2-153 Prenatal stress following maternal bereavement during pregnancy and overweight in the offspring: a cohort study in 109 919 Danish conscripts. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976i.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4577
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Jiang J, Liu B, Sitas F, Li J, Zeng X, Han W, Zou X, Wu Y, Zhao P. P1-47 An innovative case-spouse control design in practice: an experience in estimating smoking and all cause deaths in Chinese adults. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4578
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4579
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Bin Q, Li J, Liao C, Cao Y, Gao F. Oral uracil-tegafur plus leucovorin vs fluorouracil bolus plus leucovorin for advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13:837-45. [PMID: 20050863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV) compared with infusional fluorouracil (5-FU) plus LV for advanced colorectal cancer. METHOD Eligible studies were identified from Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The end-points included overall survival and overall tumour response rate, and toxicity including leucopenia, febrile neutropenia, stomatitis/mucositis and diarrhoea. RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials were identified. Pooled data demonstrated no difference in overall survival between the oral UFT plus LV regimen and the 5-FU bolus plus LV regimen [hazard ratio 1.013; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.911-1.127].The fixed-effect pooled estimate for overall tumour response rate showed no significant difference between the two regimens (relative risk 0.893; 0.672-1.187). Grade 3-4 leucopenia [odds ratio (OR) 0.126; 955 CI 0.048-0.326], grade 1-4 leucopenia (OR 0.089; 95% CI 0.067-0.119) and grade1-4 febrile neutropenia (OR 0.020; 95% CI 0.004-0.102) were significantly less prominent in the oral UFT regimens. For nonhaematological toxicities, grade 3-4 stomatitis/mucositis (OR 0.075; 95% CI 0.039-0.146), grade 3-4 infection (OR 0.484; 95% CI 0.310-0.758), grade 1-4 infection (OR 0.672; 95% CI 0.547-0.826, P < 0.001), grade 1-4 diarrhoea (OR 0.743; 95% CI 0.626-0.881) were also less likely to happen in patients in the oral UFT plus LV regimen, while there was no significant difference between the two treatment regimens with respect to grade 1-4 stomatitis/mucositis (OR 0.278; 95% CI 0.053-1.456) and grade 3-4 (OR 1.174; 95% CI 0.983-1.403) diarrhoea. CONCLUSION Oral UFT or 5-FU bolus combined with LV results in similar overall survival and tumour response rates for advanced colorectal cancer. The former treatment regimen is greatly superior in terms of toxicity, especially haematological toxicity.
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Li J, Lu G, Li H, Wang Y, Guo Y, Guo Y. Facile synthesis of 3D flowerlike CeO2 microspheres under mild condition with high catalytic performance for CO oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4581
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Li J, Zou Q, Lai X. [Review on progress of research on drug releasing mechanism of chitosan microspheres]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2011; 28:843-846. [PMID: 21936393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Variety of drugs-loaded chitosan microspheres have been used as sustained release carrier in recent years, which has shown a good prospect in biomedical field. Therefore, chitosan microspheres have been one of the research hotspots in controlled release drug delivery system. Nowadays the research in releasing mechanism of drug-loaded chitosan microspheres lags obviously behind the research in preparation and application. Moreover further research in drug releasing mechanism of chitosan microspheres is beneficial to understanding of drug releasing behavior and to analyzing the influencing factors, and the further research is also important to the preparation and application of chitosan microspheres for drug sustained-release. The present paper comprehensively introduces the drug releasing mechanism, describes drug release behavior and analyzes the main releasing releasing influencing factors on the releasing process.
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Liu XH, Ruan BF, Li J, Chen FH, Song BA, Zhu HL, S. Bhadury P, Zhao J. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Chiral Dihydropyrazole: Potential Lead for Drug Design. Mini Rev Med Chem 2011; 11:771-821. [DOI: 10.2174/138955711796355285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4583
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Xu C, Hao Y, Wei B, Ma J, Li J, Huang Q, Zhang F. Apoptotic gene expression by human periodontal ligament cells following cyclic stretch. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:742-8. [PMID: 21777403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament cells play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of periodontal tissue upon mechanical force loading caused by mastication or orthodontic force. Previous studies revealed force-driven periodontal ligament cell death via apoptosis, but the force-sensing genes assigned to the apoptotic pathway have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to identify force-sensing genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway in periodontal ligament cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to 20% stretch strain for 6 or 24 h, and the differential expression of 84 genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway were quantified by real-time PCR array technology. RESULTS Ten and 11 genes showed upregulated expression after 6 and 24 h stretches, respectively, and there were two downregulated genes in response to both 6 and 24 h stretches. These genes included those encoding the tumor necrosis factor ligand family (TNFSF8), tumor necrosis factor receptor family (FAS, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF25 and CD27), the Bcl-2 family (BAG3, BAK1, BCL2L11 and BCLAF1), the caspase family (CASP5 and CASP7), the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family (BIRC3, BIRC6 and NAIP), the caspase recruitment domain family (RIPK2 and PYCARD) and the death domain family (DAPK1), as well as an oncogene (BRAF). CONCLUSION This study identified several force-sensing genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway in periodontal ligament cells and should facilitate future studies on force-driven apoptosis by providing putative target genes.
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4584
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Yin YP, Li J, Wei WH, Wang HC, Peeling RW, Chen XS. P5-S4.08 Integration of syphilis point-of-care test into outreach intervention services at commercial sex venues in Southern China. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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4585
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Li J, Qu J, Zhang X, Zhang C, Liu Y, Cao H, Zhang W, Wang Y, Chen H, Chen G, Zheng Z, Shen M, Cheng Z, Tang J, Zhen H, Liao K, Chen C, Yang H, Tian Z, Zhang H, Hua S, Rao B, Wang N, Zhang Q, Liu T, Chen S, Wang L, Yi X. Characterization of 236 novel alleles at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1 loci from China Marrow Donor Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:267-70. [PMID: 21732917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and thirty-six novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are described from volunteer donors of the China Marrow Donor Program: 71 HLA-A alleles, 79 HLA-B alleles, 43 HLA-C, 16 HLA-DRB1 alleles, 26 HLA-DQB1 and 1 HLA-DPB1. Two hundred and thirteen (90.3%) of the 236 novel alleles are single nucleotide substitution variants when compared with their most homologous allele. Seventy-eight of these single nucleotide variants are silent substitutions. The remaining novel alleles differ from their most similar allele by two to four nucleotide substitutions. Some of the novel alleles encode amino acid changes at positions not previously reported to be polymorphic, such as codons 57, 62, 67, 41 and 52 in HLA-A alleles; codons 133, 156, 201 and 215 in HLA-B alleles; codons 74, 208 and 225 in HLA-C; codons 25, 32 and 72 in HLA-DRB1; codons 20, 39 and 77 in HLA-DQB1.
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Li J, Burman C, Chan M. SU-C-224-03: Clinically Relevant Dose Determination Based on IMRT Delivery Measurements. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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4587
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Sun L, Yao Y, Liu B, Lin Z, Lin L, Yang M, Zhang W, Chen W, Pan C, Liu Q, Song E, Li J. MiR-200b and miR-15b regulate chemotherapy-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human tongue cancer cells by targeting BMI1. Oncogene 2011; 31:432-45. [PMID: 21725369 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been reported to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, which is a critical step in the process of metastasis leading to cancer spreading and treatment failure. However, the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced EMT remain unclear, and the involvement of microRNAs (miRNA) in this process is poorly understood. To address these questions, we established stable chemotherapy-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell lines CAL27-res and SCC25-res by exposing the parental CAL27 and SCC25 lines to escalating concentrations of cisplatin for 6 months. CAL27-res and SCC25-res cells displayed mesenchymal features with enhanced invasiveness and motility. MiRNA microarray illustrated that miR-200b and miR-15b were the most significantly downregulated microRNAs in CAL27-res cells. Ectopic expression of miR-200b and miR-15b with miRNA mimics effectively reversed the phenotype of EMT in CAL27-res and SCC25-res cells, and sensitized them to chemotherapy, but inhibition of miR-200b and miR-15b in the sensitive lines with anti-sense oligonucleotides induced EMT and conferred chemoresistance. Retrieving the expression of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI1), a target for miR-200b and miR-15b, in the presence of the miRNA mimics by transfecting CAL27-res cells with pcDNA3.1-BMI1-carrying mutated seed sequences of miR-200b or miR-15b at its 3'-UTR recapitulated chemotherapy-induced EMT. In vivo, enforced miR-200b or miR-15b expression suppressed metastasis of TSCC xenografts established by CAL27-res cells. Clinically, reduced miR-200b or miR-15b expression was associated with chemotherapeutic resistance in TSCCs and poor patient survival. Our data suggest that reduced expression of miR-200b and miR-15b underscores the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced EMT in TSCC, and may serve as therapeutic targets to reverse chemotherapy resistance in tongue cancers.
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Han QX, Cheng YM, Li J, Wang JP. A new Keggin-type heteropolyanion decorated with dinuclear copper-organic coordination ions: {[Cu(Phen)(μ-Cl)Cu(Phen)2]2[SiW12O40]} · H2O. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328411060017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4589
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Han Y, Li J, Jiang L, Xu Q, Liu B. PP-123 The role of HBeAg in the expression of B7-H1 on monocytes and IFN-γ in T cells. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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4590
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Lin F, Liu QH, Xiao ZZ, Ma DY, Xu SH, Xiao YS, Li J. Study on permeability of DMSO in embryos of red seabream (Pagrus major) by capillary electrophoresis. CRYO LETTERS 2011; 32:339-348. [PMID: 22020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were to investigate the permeability of DMSO to red seabream (Pagrus major) embryos by capillary electrophoresis and the effects of DMSO concentrations (5 to 40 percent, volume basis) and immersion times (10, 30 and 60 min) on hatching rate and morphology. The results suggested the internal DMSO concentrations were positively related with the external concentrations and exposure times, while the hatching rate was negatively related. The hatching rate decreased drastically (less than 50 percent) after exposure in 35 percent, 20 percent and 15 percent DMSO for over 10, 30 and 60 min, respectively. In all groups, when hatching rate was greater 50 percent, the internal DMSO concentration was less than 2 percent, which was still insufficient for successful cryopreservation. Morphological changes indicated the chorion was permeable to the cryoprotectant. A sign of dehydration in yolk were observed, for a significant decrease in the maximal yolk sac diameter. However, further research was needed to investigate whether the DMSO permeated into the yolk.
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4591
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Li J, Han Y, Jin K, Wan Y. OL-048 Dynamic changes of CTLs, NK cells, and NKT cells in patients with acute hepatitis B infection. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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4592
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Li J, Chen XS, Gandhi A, Suchindran C, Weir S. P1-S2.18 Syphilis prevalence and related risk factors among female workers at social venues in Liuzhou, China. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4593
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Wang J, Yang L, Rezaie AR, Li J. Activated protein C protects against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1308-17. [PMID: 21535395 PMCID: PMC3129410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated protein C (APC) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma serine protease that down-regulates clotting and inflammatory pathways. It is known that APC exerts a cardioprotective effect by decreasing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and inhibiting expression of inflammatory mediators after myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism of the APC-mediated cardioprotection against ischemic injury. METHODS Cardioprotective activities of wild-type APC and two derivatives, having either dramatically reduced anticoagulant activity or lacking signaling activity, were monitored in an acute ischemia/reperfusion injury model in which the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded. RESULTS APC reduced the myocardial infarct size by a mechanism that was largely independent of its anticoagulant activity. Thus, the non-anticoagulant APC-2Cys mutant, but not the non-signaling APC-E170A mutant, attenuated myocardial infarct size by EPCR and PAR-1-dependent mechanisms. Further studies revealed that APC acts directly on cardiomyocytes to stimulate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. The activation of AMPK by APC ameliorated the post-ischemic cardiac dysfunction in isolated perfused mouse hearts. Moreover, both APC and APC-2Cys inhibited production of TNFα and IL-6 in vivo by attenuating the ischemia/reperfusion-induced JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS APC exerts a cardioprotective function in ischemic/reperfusion injury through modulation of AMPK, NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.
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Bergman J, Plitt S, Gratrix J, Conroy P, Li J, Rocco K, Fenton J, Archibald C, Wong T, Singh A. LBP-1.08 Preliminary report on experience with point of care syphilis and HIV testing in hard-to-reach populations in outreach settings in Edmonton, Canada. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050119.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4595
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Li J, Jiang L, Han Y, Xu Q, Liu Y, Jin K. PP-126 Regulation of TLRs, PD-1/PD-L1 expression and cytokine secretion on peripheral monocytes by hepatitis B virus E antigen. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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4596
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Peng ZT, Tang J, Zhang QG, Li J, Wang P, Ouyang B, Tan Y. PP-038 Detection rate and drug resistance of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli in a hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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4597
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Torrone E, Bertolli J, Li J, Sweeney P, Jeffries W, Peterman I. P1-S2.35 Increased HIV and primary and secondary syphilis diagnoses among young men who have sex with men, 2004-2008. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4598
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Li T, Meng QH, Zou ZQ, Fan YC, Long B, Guo YM, Hou W, Zhao J, Li J, Yu HW, Zhu YK, Wang K. Correlation between promoter methylation of glutathione-S-tranferase P1 and oxidative stress in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e226-31. [PMID: 21692937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Promoter methylation of glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) may be involved in liver damage caused by oxidative stress in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B-induced liver failure (ACHBLF). This study aimed to explore GSTP1 promoter methylation status and oxidative stress in such patients. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with acute-on-chronic liver hepatitis B-induced liver failure, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal controls, followed by sodium-bisulfite treatment and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) adducts levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as oxidative stress marker. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was employed to estimate the severity of the liver failure. Eleven of 35 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure and 3 of 35 patients with stab le hepatitis B displayed GSTP1 promoter methylation, and the difference was significant (χ2) = 5.71, P = 0.02). No differences in standard liver function tests were found in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure with and without GSTP1 promoter methylation although the levels of total bilirubin were greater in those with methylation. The levels of MDA adducts were significantly higher in patients with liver failure when compared to those with CHB (12.44 ± 5.38 pmol/mg vs 8.42 ± 5.49 pmol/mg, P < 0.01), and in the patients with liver failure who had promoter methylation the levels were higher than in those who did not (15.2 ± 4.68 pmol/mg vs 11.17 ± 5.29 pmol/mg, P < 0.01). The MELD score was not significantly different between methylated and unmethylated patients with liver failure (P > 0.05), although MDA adducts were correlated with MELD scores in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (r = 0.579, P < 0.01). GSTP1 promoter methylation may facilitate oxidative stress-associated liver damage in ACHBLF, and oxidative stress is correlated with ACHBLF severity.
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Oh HM, Tan TY, Chua GH, Li J, Meng QS. The impact of active surveillance cultures in reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a surgical intensive care unit in Singapore. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239659 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Qiu J, Li H, Meng H, Hu C, Li J, Luo M, Dong J, Wang X, Wang J, Deng Y, Deng X. Impact of luteolin on the production of alpha-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:238-43. [PMID: 21671964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the influence of subinhibitory concentrations of luteolin on the production of α-toxin in Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a broth microdilution method, and the MICs of luteolin against the tested Staph. aureus strains ranged from 16 to 64 μg ml(-1). Haemolysis, Western blot and real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays were used to evaluate the effect of luteolin on Staph. aureusα-toxin secretion and on the level of gene expression, respectively. The data indicated that subinhibitory concentrations of luteolin dose dependently decreased the production of α-toxin in both meticillin-sensitive Staph. aureus (MSSA) and meticillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, the transcriptional levels of agr (accessory gene regulator) in Staph. aureus were also inhibited by luteolin. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin decreases the production and/or secretion of α-toxin in Staph. aureus; the reduced production may be dependent, in part, upon the luteolin-induced inhibition of the agr locus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings indicate that luteolin may be used as a basis for the development of antimicrobial agents aimed at bacterial virulence factors.
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