451
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Guin LW, Griswold KE, Patton S, Kamm RC, Smith AG. Electrophoretic characterization of plasma RNA. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1975; 13:224-30. [PMID: 1203062 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(75)90079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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452
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Smith AG, Shuster S, Comaish JS, Plummer NA, Thody AJ, Alvarez-Ude F, Kerr DN. Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and skin pigmentation in chronic renal failure. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1975; 1:658-9. [PMID: 1125653 PMCID: PMC1672908 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5959.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) concentrations were greatly increased in patients with chronic renal failure. There was no correlation between the severity of the renal failure or the degree of pigmentation and the plasma beta-MSH levels.
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453
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Whitney RB, Levy JG, Smith AG. Studies on the effector cell of anti-tumour immunity in a chemically induced mouse tumour system. Br J Cancer 1975; 31:157-63. [PMID: 1080668 PMCID: PMC2009404 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1975.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from mice immunized against a methylcholanthrene induced rhabdomyosarcoma inhibited tumour cell colony formation in vitro and prevented tumour development in vivo in an adoptive transfer test. Treatment of the immune spleen cells with anti-mouse immunoglobulin serum or passage through a nylon wool column, both of which reduced the percentage of immunoglobulin bearing cells in the population to less than 3-4%, did not alter their anti-tumour effects. In contrast, treatment of the spleen cells with anti-BAomicron serum abolished their anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that T cells are the mediators of tumour immunity in this chemically induced tumour system.
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454
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Kamm RC, Smith AG. Plasma deoxyribonucleic acid concentrations of women in labor and umbilical cords. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 121:29-31. [PMID: 1115112 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(75)90969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in plasma from 30 women in labor and plasma from the umbilical cords was determined with a rapid, inexpensive, and simple fluorometric method. These concentrations of DNA were compared to the plasma DNA concentrations of nonpregnant women. The mean plasma DNA concentration of women in labor was significantly lower than the mean plasma DNA concentration of nonpregnant women in the use of 99 per cent confidence limits. The mean plasma DNA concentration of umbilical cords during the third stage of labor was significantly lower than the mean plasma DNA concentrations of women in labor with the use of 99 per cent confidence limits and of nonpregnant women using 99.9 per cent confidence limits.
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455
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Smith AG, Goad LJ. The conversion of cholest-5-en-3beta-ol into cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Solaster papposus. Biochem J 1975; 146:35-40. [PMID: 1147903 PMCID: PMC1165273 DOI: 10.1042/bj1460035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The echinoderms Asterias rubens and Solaster papposus (Class Asteroidea) metabolize injected [4(-14)C]cholest-5-en-3beta-ol to produce labelled 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol and 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. 2. Conversion of 5alpha-[4(-14)C]cholestan-3beta-ol into 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol was demonstrated in A. Rubens. 3. Incubations of A. rubens with [4(-14)C]cholest-4-en-3-one resulted in the production of labelled 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol and 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. 4. [4(-14)C]Sitosterol was metabolized by A. rubens to give 5alpha-stigmastan-3beta-ol and 5alpha-stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol. 5. The significance of these results in relation to the presence of alpha7 sterols in starfish is discussed.
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456
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Abstract
1. [2(-14)C]Mevalonic acid injected into the echinoderm Asterias rubens (Class Asteroidea) was effectively incorporated into the non-saponifiable lipid. 2. The most extensively labelled compounds were squalene and the 4,4-dimethyl sterols with much lower incorporations into the 4alpha-monomethyl and 4-demethyl sterol fractions. 3. Labelled compounds identified were squalene, lanosterol, 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol and 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol; these are all intermediates in sterol biosynthesis. 4. The major sterol in A. rubens, 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol, was also labelled showing that this echinoderm is capable of sterol biosynthesis de novo. 5. No evidence was obtained for the incorporation of [2(-14)C]mevalonic acid into the C28 and C29 components of the 4-demethyl sterols or 9beta,19-cyclopropane sterols found in A. rubens and it is assumed that these sterols are of dietary origin. 6. Another starfish Henricia sanguinolenta also incorporated [2(-14)C]mevalonic acid into squalene and lanosterol. 7. Various isolated tissues of A. rubens were all capable of incorporation of [2(-14)C]mevalonic acid into the nonsaponifiable lipid. With the body-wall and stomach tissues radioactivity accumulated in squalene and the 4,4-dimethyl sterols, but with the gonads and pyloric caecae there was a more efficient incorporation of radioactivity into the 4-demethyl sterols, principally 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol.
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457
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Abstract
The main conclusion from abiotic syntheses is that modern organisms prefer molecular units that are easy to make. This could be the result of selection pressures during very early evolution rather than a reflection of the large scale molecular environment within which life first arose. As previously discussed (Cairns-Smith, 1971) there seems to be no good reason to limit our thinking on initial hereditary systems to those with chemical similarity to modern forms.
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458
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459
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Smith AG, Little RR. Detection of bacteremia by an automated radiometric method and a tubed broth method. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 1974; 4:448-55. [PMID: 4154720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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460
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Levy JG, Whitney RB, Smith AG, Panno L. The relationship of immune status to the efficacy of immunotherapy in preventing tumour recurrence in mice. Br J Cancer 1974; 30:289-96. [PMID: 4447774 PMCID: PMC2009297 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1974.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunotherapeutic value of tumour extracts or B.C.G. in preventing either the occurrence of primary tumours or the recurrence of tumours in surgically resected animals has been examined. A transplantable methylcholanthrene induced tumour in DBA/2J mice was used. Neither tumour extract nor chemically modified extract was effective in preventing tumour growth in immunized animals, even though the mice demonstrated measurable levels of cell mediated tumour immunity at the time of tumour challenge. The frequency of tumour recurrence after resection of small tumours (about 1·0 g) was significantly lowered by treatment of the mice with a combination of B.C.G. and either modified or unmodified tumour extract. The frequency of recurrence after resection of large tumours (about 2·5 g) was not affected by any form of immunotherapy although the survival time of treated animals was significantly prolonged. The immunological status of animals with small and large tumours was examined and it was shown that mice with 1·0 g tumours have unimpaired mitogen responsiveness and measurable tumour specific immunity, whereas mice bearing large tumours (2·5 g) have a markedly impaired immune system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use
- Cell Division
- Clone Cells
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Immunity, Cellular
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Methylcholanthrene
- Mice
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Spleen/immunology
- Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage
- Tissue Extracts/immunology
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461
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Abstract
1. The 4-demethyl sterols of Echinus esculentus consisted of cholesterol as the major component, with lower concentrations of nine other C(26), C(27), C(28) and C(29) Delta(5) sterols. 2. [2-(14)C]Mevalonic acid was readily incorporated by the urchin into squalene, lanosterol and desmosterol but only to a small extent into cholesterol. 3. [26-(14)C]Desmosterol did not appear to be reduced to give cholesterol, but conversion of 5alpha-[2-(3)H(2)]lanost-8-en-3beta-ol into cholesterol was observed. 4. No C-24 dealkylation of [4-(14)C]sitosterol or metabolism of [4-(14)C]cholesterol could be detected.
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462
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Whitney RB, Levy JG, Smith AG. Influence of tumor size and surgical resection on cell-mediated immunity in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53:111-6. [PMID: 4835101 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/53.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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463
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Smith AG, Gilbert JD, Harland WA, Brooks CJ. The isolation of cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol from human brain. Biochem J 1974; 139:793-5. [PMID: 4854921 PMCID: PMC1166347 DOI: 10.1042/bj1390793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, isolated from human brain, was further characterized by oxidation to 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-ol and to 3-oxocholest-4-en-26-oic acid. Identification was achieved by comparison (by t.l.c., g.l.c. and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry) with corresponding reference compounds derived from kryptogenin.
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464
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Smith AG, Greaves MW. Blood prostaglandin activity associated with noradrenaline-provoked flush in the carcinoid syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1974; 90:547-51. [PMID: 4833791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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465
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Watson RD, Smith AG, Levy JG. The use of immunoadsorbent columns for the isolation of antibodies specific for antigens associated with human bronchogenic carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1974; 29:183-8. [PMID: 4208459 PMCID: PMC2009101 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1974.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunoadsorbent technique is described whereby tumour-specific antibodies may be isolated. Extracts from normal human lung tissue were pooled and bound to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose 4B. Antisera raised in rabbits to a variety of extracts from human bronchogenic carcinoma were passed through these immunoadsorbent columns to yield antisera specific for tumour-associated antigens as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.
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466
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Thody AJ, Shuster S, Plummer NA, Bogie W, Leigh RJ, Goolamali SK, Smith AG. The lack of effect of MSH release inhibiting factor (MIF) ON THE SECRETION OF BETA-MSH in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 38:491-3. [PMID: 4815177 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-38-3-491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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467
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468
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Abstract
1. Twenty-two sterols were identified in the starfish Asterias rubens (Phylum, Echinodermata; Class, Asteroidea). 2. The major 4-demethyl sterols had a Delta(7) bond and the C(27) compound 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol predominated over other mono- and di-unsaturated sterols belonging to the C(26), C(27), C(28) and C(29) series. 3. Small amounts of cholest-5-en-3beta-ol and 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol were also present. 4. The minor sterols identified all contained either one or two methyl groups at C-4 and are considered to be potential biosynthetic precursors of 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol. 5. Three sterols possessing a 9beta,19-cyclopropane ring were also isolated and were probably derived by the starfish from a dietary source.
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469
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Smith AG, Young JH. When folk medicine flourished in the shadows of Grady Hospital. MEDICINE AT EMORY 1973; 11:42-52. [PMID: 11614918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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470
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Smith AG, Harland WA, Brooks CJ. Glutathione peroxidase in human and animal aortas. STEROIDS AND LIPIDS RESEARCH 1973; 4:122-8. [PMID: 4764624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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471
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Smith AG, Harland WA, Gilbert JD, Brooks CJ. Tissue reactions to lipids of human atheroma. J Pathol 1973; 109:Pii. [PMID: 4719746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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472
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473
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Smith AG, Goodfellow R, Goad LJ. The intermediacy of 3-oxo steroids in the conversion of cholest-5-en-3 -ol into 5 -cholestan-3 -ol by the starfish Asterias rubens and Porania pulvillus. Biochem J 1972; 128:1371-2. [PMID: 4566194 PMCID: PMC1174029 DOI: 10.1042/bj1281371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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474
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Smith AG, Rohde PA. A new technique for isolating pathogenic fungi from mixed flora inocula. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1972; 47:105-20. [PMID: 4557392 DOI: 10.1007/bf02126158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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475
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Kamm RC, Smith AG. Nucleic acid concentrations in normal human plasma. Clin Chem 1972; 18:519-22. [PMID: 5026765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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