A case of gastric carcinoma with massive eosinophilia

This report describes a 67-year-old male with inoperable gastric cancer accompanied by marked tissue and peripheral eosinophilia without evidence of allergic disorders or parasitic infestation. Autopsy revealed an advanced gastric cancer of scirrhous type with metastases to pancreas, bone marrow, ileum, lungs, and lymph nodes. Excessive numbers of mature eosinophils were present in univolved bone marrow, liver and spleen as well as among the signet ring cell component of the cancer in either primary or metastatic sites. The primary cancer also possessed a component of tubular adenocarcinoma which was associated with only a few eosinophils. Hence, we speculate that an eosinophil mobilizing (chemotactic and/or proliferating) factor (s) was produced by the signet ring cancer cells.

Immunohistochemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component and lysozyme in benign and malignant common bile duct tissues

An immunoperoxidase technique has been utilized for the localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory component (SC) and lysozyme ( LZ ) in normal and cancerous common bile duct tissues. Little or no CEA was found in the non-cancerous common bile duct tissues. SC was found in the surface epithelium and accessory gland epithelium and LZ was demonstrated only in the accessory glands. Some inflammatory cells were also positively stained for LZ . In adenocarcinoma, CEA was always present on the luminar border of the carcinoma cells, occasionally with intercellular and intracellular localization. LZ was absent, or only faintly detected in carcinoma. SC was generally distributed in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cells, but showed a reduced intensity of staining with progressive dedifferentiation. These findings suggest that CEA, SC and LZ could be useful markers providing valuable information in the pathological diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma.

IgA plasma cells in biliary mucosa: a likely source of locally synthesized IgA in human hepatic bile

IgA synthesized in hepatobiliary tissues accounts for about one-half of the IgA present in human hepatic bile, but the location of the IgA synthesizing cells has been in doubt because few plasma cells are present in normal liver. Therefore, we immunocytochemically localized IgA, J chain and secretory component in bile duct tissues of six patients operated upon for biliary duct obstruction. Numerous plasma cells containing IgA and J chain were found surrounding the accessory glands of the major bile ducts and in the area just beneath the surface epithelium of the ducts. At the ultrastructural level, IgA and SC in the epithelial cells had the features characteristic of secretory component-mediated endocytic translocation of IgA. We conclude that plasma cells in biliary duct mucosa are the likely source of much of the locally synthesized IgA that is secreted into human hepatic bile. The IgA probably reaches the bile by direct transfer across biliary epithelium.

Oxygen consumption rate as a measurement of freeze-induced damage to chicken spermatozoa

The present study was conducted to determine if oxygen consumption rate of postthaw spermatozoa could be used as the indicator of freeze-induced damage. Pooled semen was diluted fourfold with 5.7% glucose solution containing various levels of glycerol or N-methylformamide for freezing by the pelleting method. Sperm motility and oxygen consumption rate were determined after thawing the samples at 37 C. 1) The maximum motility and oxygen consumption rate of postthaw spermatozoa were observed at 10 and 7% glycerol, respectively. However, no significant differences existed among semen samples diluted in 7, 10, and 15% glycerol. 2) The motility and oxygen consumption rate of spermatozoa frozen with 6 to 9% of N-methylformamide were higher than those of spermatozoa frozen with 0, 3, 12, or 15%. 3) A highly significant positive correlation was observed between motility and oxygen consumption rate immediately after thawing and also after 10 min incubation at 20 C with either cryoprotectant. 4) The polarographic measurement of oxygen consumption rate of postthaw spermatozoa appeared to be a reliable method for evaluating freeze-induced damage to chicken spermatozoa.

Early gastric cancer superimposed on infestation of an Anisakis-like larva: a case report

This report describes a 73-year-old male with early gastric cancer (type IIc) superimposed on infestation of a parasitic larva. Eosinophilic granulomas surrounding a dead worm were seen in the submucosa just beneath the intramucosal tubular adenocarcinomatous lesion measuring 1 X 1cm at the anterior wall in the acid-secreting area. The cancer cells showed lowered and altered mucin production in comparison with the surrounding non-cancerous fundic mucosa. The parasite was identified as an Anisakis-like larva by the presence of typical lateral chords. An immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cancer cells were more strongly positive for IgA and secretory component than the surrounding non-cancerous mucosa, and that IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in plasma cells around the granulomas but IgE and IgD were not. The possibility that the Anisakis-like larva preferentially infested the cancerous mucosa because of the change in mucin, local defect in acid secretion and/or other structural alterations in the area is discussed.

Immunohistochemical studies on gastrin-releasing peptide- and adrenocorticotropic hormone-containing cells in the human lung

Bronchial endocrine cells containing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a mammalian analog of bombesin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were immunohistochemically localized in paraffin sections of normal and pathologic human lungs. GRP-containing cells were present in fetal bronchi at the 12th gestational week and in "neuroepithelial bodies" about the time of delivery. In normal adult lungs, a few isolated GRP-containing cells were present in bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa. In bronchiectatic or fibrotic lungs, small clusters of GRP-containing cells were occasionally noted in basal bronchial mucosa. Pronounced GRP cell hyperplasia often was observed in ectatic bronchioles of lungs with tumorlet. Cells of pulmonary tumorlets mostly showed GRP immunoreactivity. Two bronchial carcinoids exhibited a moderate number of GRP-containing cells. Three of four small cell carcinomas, intermediate cell type could be designated "GRPomas" from the number of GRP-containing cells present. In four of 11 small cell carcinomas, oat cell type, GRP immunoreactivity was infrequently recognized. Immunoabsorption tests indicated that GRP immunoreactivity in lungs would mainly fall under the C-terminal fragment rather than the whole sequence of GRP. Bombesin immunoreactivity in human lungs should be attributed to GRP or GRP-like molecules, since no bombesin immunoreactants were identified with bombesin antiserum which shows no cross-reactivity to porcine GRP. ACTH-containing cells, also reactive to beta-endorphin antiserum, were absent from normal fetal or adult lungs but did accompany GRP-containing cells occasionally in ectatic non-neoplastic bronchioles, always in tumorlet cells, and often in endocrine lung tumors, although the cells containing GRP and ACTH were not identical. The significance of GRP in the physiology and pathophysiology of the lung is discussed, and the necessity of reevaluation of "ectopic" ACTH production in lung neoplasms is proposed.

Immunohistochemistry of gastric carcinomas and associated diseases: novel distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen and secretory component on the surface of gastric cancer cells

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and secretory component (SC) were localized by peroxidase-labeled antibody immunocytochemistry in normal and abnormal human gastric mucosa. In normal epithelium, both glycoproteins were absent or only faintly present, but in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma both were prominently present. CEA and SC on the surfaces of metaplastic epithelial cells were polarized. That is, CEA was expressed only on the microvillous surface and SC was expressed only on the basolateral surface. In gastric cancer, CEA and SC were distributed over the entire surface of the neoplastic cells. Thus, deviations from the normal differentiation and maturation of gastric epithelial cells were accompanied by abnormalities in surface expression of CEA and SC. These observations, together with compatible observations previously made in colonic neoplasia (DJ Ahnen, PK Nakane, and WR Brown, Cancer 49:2077, 1982), suggest that loss of polarity of surface membrane components is a characteristic of neoplastic epithelial cells.

Simultaneous immunohistochemical localization of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and calcitonin (CT) in human bronchial endocrine-type cells

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of fetal and adult human lungs were examined for the localization of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and calcitonin (CT) in bronchial endocrine-type cells with the indirect immunoperoxidase method. In fetal lungs, the appearance of CT was much later than that of GRP, and CT-containing cells were less frequent than GRP-containing cells which, in later fetal life, formed "neuroepithelial bodies (NEB)". NEB revealed little CT immunoreactivity. The serial section technique demonstrated that all CT immunoreactants in fetal and neonatal lungs were present within GRP-containing cells. An increase of CT immunoreactivity in GRP-containing cells was observed in perinatal lungs. The lung of a neonate who died of hyaline membrane disease contained the most abundant CT immunoreactants. In adult lungs, CT immunoreactivity was identified in some GRP-containing cells but cells containing only GRP or CT were also present. Cells containing both hormones occasionally formed hyperplastic foci in the bronchi of fibrotic lungs. Most cells of pulmonary tumorlets consistently showed GRP immunoreactivity, but the number of CT immunoreactive cells in them varied greatly.

A novel subtyping of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, with special reference to the histochemical characterizations of endocrine cells

Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach was grouped into 3 subtypes (A, B and C) according to the degree of pyloric gland involution which was judged from patterns of paradoxical Concanavalin A staining after Katsuyama and Spicer. The appearance of endocrine cells was investigated with immunohistochemical and silver methods. Type A metaplasia with slightly to moderately atrophic pyloric glands corresponded to the incomplete type in the previous classification, while Type C showing complete disappearance of pyloric glands corresponded to the complete type. Type B with severely atrophic pyloric glands was an intermediate. This subtyping reflects the cell kinetics in the intestinalized mucosa well. Regarding the endocrine cells, their total number varied in the order Type A greater than Type B greater than Type C. The selective populations of the endocrine cells including glicentin-containing cells, Grimelius-positive argyrophil cells without argentaffinity and intestinal-type enterochromaffin cells frequently formed hyperplastic foci in the intestinalized areas, where the other gut-type and proper gastric-type endocrine cells were scarcely noted. Immunoreactivity of glucagon or bovine pancreatic polypeptide were occasionally identified in a subpopulation of the glicentin-containing cells.

Ultrasound-guided biopsy for deep-seated brain tumors

✓ An easy, accurate, and safe biopsy technique for deep-seated brain tumors using a newly devised real-time ultrasonic apparatus is presented. Three lesions, one large pituitary adenoma and two pineal region tumors, were biopsied successfully by this technique.

A B-lymphoma cell line that forms rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes through monoclonal surface immunoglobulin

Undifferentiated lymphoma from a 39-year-old female became serially xenotransplantable to preirradiated nude mice. The tumor cells (KT) possessed a monoclonal surface immunoglobulin (SIg mu, kappa) and formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (SEn). Precise characterizations of the SEn rosette, however, revealed the following facts: (1) Neuraminidase-untreated or 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide (AET) treated sheep erythrocytes were not bound to the KT cells. (2) SEn rosettes on the KT cells did not show a temperature dependency. (3) Neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes from man, horse, mouse, and rabbit were not bound to the KT cells. (4) Preincubation of the KT cells with antipolyvalent immunoglobulin or anti-kappa-chain serum abolished the SEn rosette formation. (5) Trypsinization decreased both SEn rosettes and SIg on the KT cells. (6) SEn rosettes on the KT cells were too loose to be separated from nonrosetting cells by a Percoll gradient centrifugation method. Summarizing these results, the monoclonal SIg on the KT cells recognized sheep erythrocyte antigen(s) that were exposed only after the neuraminidase treatment. Therefore, this was considered to be a case with peculiar B-lymphoma cells that bound SEn through their SIg.

Receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin on normal and neoplastic lymphocytes -- a histochemical study using paraffin embedded tissue sections

In order to investigate the distribution and significance of receptors for Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), paraffin sections from several reactive and 70 neoplastic lymphoid tissues were utilized for a histochemical study after neuraminidase treatment. Lymphocytes in the germinal center and thymic cortex were mostly negative for the receptors, while most of the lymphocytes in the thymus-dependent area, some of those in the primary follicle or in the marginal zone and most of the plasma cells in the medulla possessed the receptors on their surfaces. Nodular lymphomas, thymomas, and diffuse lymphoblastic lymphomas were mostly negative in contrast to the positive reaction in diffuse poorly differentiated lymphomas of B-cell type and plasmocytomas. Diffuse histiocytic lymphomas and diffuse mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic lymphomas occasionally possessed the receptors, irrespective of their immunological markers. Hodgkin's cells were negative on their surface, but were occasionally positive in their cytoplasms ans seen in case of histiocytes. From these results, HPA receptors could be neither T-cell nor B-cell differentiation marker. The possibility that HPA-receptor-negative lymphocytes may hav a quick turn-over rate or a short life span is also discussed.

Evidence of the origin of the gelatinous masses in the oviducts of mares

The gelatinous masses known to occur in the mare oviduct were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Many (44%) of the masses which occurred in 16 of the 24 oviducts studied were connected with the mucosa of the ampulla near the ampullary-isthmic junction. The masses consisted of lobules of fine fibres probably derived from the fibrous connective tissue of the lamina propria in the oviductal mucosa.

Enzyme histochemistry of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas

Fifty-two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied with enzyme histochemical methods. Forty-four cases of these were also investigated for surface markers with immunological techniques, and results of histochemical, routine histological and immunological observations were correlated. Twenty-one of 27 B-cell lymphomas showed prominent ATPase activity, while all 13 T-cell lymphomas, except one case, did not show such activity. Nodular lymphomas, though of B-cell nature, were often negative for ATPase and it remained negative after diffuse evolution in some. Four of 7 A1Pase positive lymphomas were of B-cell origin. Dot-like localized AcPase and beta-glucuronidase activity characterized T-cell lymphomas while 5 T-cell PDL, including lymphoblastic type with double markers, showed localized esterase activity. Enzyme histochemical characteristics of lymphomas were fairly honest reflection of those of various functional units in the normal lymph nodes. Enzyme histochemical methods appeared to be a useful tool for the study of lymphomas.

Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on egg transport and in vivo egg recovery from the vaginas of rabbits

The effects of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on egg transport and vaginal egg recovery were examined in rabbits. Little disturbance of egg transport was induced by an injection of 2 or 5 mg/kg of PGF2alpha 12 hours after mating. A remarkable disturbance of egg transport was seen when 5 mg/kg were injected 22 hours after mating. The administration of PGF2alpha24 hours after mating led to maximal vaginal egg recovery: 48.4% and 54.8% of eggs were recovered by 51 hours after treatment, and implantation rates were 3.2% and 6.5% after treatment with 2 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. The earliest eggs were recovered vaginally 3 hours after administration of PGF2alpha at 24, 36, 48, or 96 hours after mating. The recovery of slightly bloody washing fluids at the first and second vaginal washings in animals treated 24 or 36 hours after mating appears to indicate that severe uterine contractions were induced by PGF2alpha.

Administration of prostaglandin F2alpha for the recovery of fertilized eggs from the vaginas of rabbits

Nonsurgical recovery of fertilized eggs from the vaginas of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)-treated rabbits was attempted. Eighty-two eggs were collected by the vaginal washing method, and the earliest egg was recovered 20 hours after mating. Twenty eggs recovered vaginally 24 to 107 hours after mating were transferred to six synchronized, pseudopregnant rabbits to test the viability of the eggs; four newborns, two fetuses, and one implantation site were obtained. These results indicate that some viable eggs are discharged into the vaginas of rabbits treated with PGF2alpha.

Effect of corpora lutea grafted under renal capsule on pregnancy in the rabbit

Implantation of the blastocyst and maintenance of pregnancy were examined by autografting corpora lutea under renal capsule in rabbits. Implantation of the blastocyst did not occur when the corpora lutea were autografted because of small amounts of lutein tissue, low secretory activity of lutein cells, and the period required for functional activity of grafts. Autografts of 4-day-old corpora lutea were capable of maintaining pregnancy after 15 days post coitum, when follicles and interstitial tissue remained intact. Pregnancy was maintained in a limited number of fetuses when 6-day-old corpora lutea were autografted in ovariectomized estradiol-treated does.