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Wu Y, Baylin A, Colacino JA. Iron, Oxidative Stress, and Δ9 Stearoyl-CoenzymeA Desaturase Index (C16:1/C16:0): An Analysis Applying the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-04. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:1-8. [PMID: 29955721 PMCID: PMC5998366 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) is a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, and elevated SCD activity is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. Diet, hormone levels, and environmental exposures are potential factors affecting SCD activity. Less is known about the relationship between micronutrients, including iron, and SCD activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum ferritin level, a biomarker of circulating iron levels, and the Δ9 desaturase index (C16:1/C16:0), a biomarker of estimated SCD activity, among women in the United States. METHODS The association between serum ferritin and the Δ9 desaturase index was assessed in a cross-sectional study of 447 female participants, aged 20-49 y, from NHANES 2003-2004. The multivariate analyses were performed utilizing generalized linear modeling, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation of the relationship between serum ferritin and Δ9 desaturase index by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), a biomarker of oxidative stress, was also assessed. RESULTS Increased ferritin was significantly associated with a higher Δ9 desaturase index. Adjusting for waist circumference, age, race, and cotinine levels, an interquartile range increase in serum ferritin corresponded to 3.92% (95% CI: 0.88%, 7.05%) higher Δ9 desaturase index. GGT, the biomarker used to measure oxidative stress level, did not appear to mediate the association between ferritin and Δ9 desaturase index. After stratifying by pregnancy status, these associations were limited to nonpregnant individuals. CONCLUSIONS Elevated SCD activity may be associated with increased iron storage inside the human body; the association did not appear to be mediated via oxidative stress, as estimated by GGT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Epidemiology, and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ana Baylin
- Departments of Epidemiology, and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Wu Y, Baylin A, Colacino JA. Iron, Oxidative Stress, and Δ9 Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Index (C16:1/C16:0): An Analysis Applying the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-04. Curr Dev Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Louie KW, Saera-Vila A, Kish PE, Colacino JA, Kahana A. Temporally distinct transcriptional regulation of myocyte dedifferentiation and Myofiber growth during muscle regeneration. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:854. [PMID: 29121865 PMCID: PMC5680785 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue regeneration requires a series of steps, beginning with generation of the necessary cell mass, followed by cell migration into damaged area, and ending with differentiation and integration with surrounding tissues. Temporal regulation of these steps lies at the heart of the regenerative process, yet its basis is not well understood. The ability of zebrafish to dedifferentiate mature "post-mitotic" myocytes into proliferating myoblasts that in turn regenerate lost muscle tissue provides an opportunity to probe the molecular mechanisms of regeneration. RESULTS Following subtotal excision of adult zebrafish lateral rectus muscle, dedifferentiating residual myocytes were collected at two time points prior to cell cycle reentry and compared to uninjured muscles using RNA-seq. Functional annotation (GAGE or K-means clustering followed by GO enrichment) revealed a coordinated response encompassing epigenetic regulation of transcription, RNA processing, and DNA replication and repair, along with protein degradation and translation that would rewire the cellular proteome and metabolome. Selected candidate genes were phenotypically validated in vivo by morpholino knockdown. Rapidly induced gene products, such as the Polycomb group factors Ezh2 and Suz12a, were necessary for both efficient dedifferentiation (i.e. cell reprogramming leading to cell cycle reentry) and complete anatomic regeneration. In contrast, the late activated gene fibronectin was important for efficient anatomic muscle regeneration but not for the early step of myocyte cell cycle reentry. CONCLUSIONS Reprogramming of a "post-mitotic" myocyte into a dedifferentiated myoblast requires a complex coordinated effort that reshapes the cellular proteome and rewires metabolic pathways mediated by heritable yet nuanced epigenetic alterations and molecular switches, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs. Our studies show that temporal regulation of gene expression is programmatically linked to distinct steps in the regeneration process, with immediate early expression driving dedifferentiation and reprogramming, and later expression facilitating anatomical regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke'ale W Louie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alfonso Saera-Vila
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Phillip E Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alon Kahana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Laliberte JC, Dame MK, Attili D, Islam B, Kim K, Zhang J, Katz EL, Newsome GM, Dedhia PH, Kruger A, Mann T, Goodman T, Buis J, Brenner DE, Varani J, Spence JR, Colacino JA, Stoerker J. Abstract LB-093: Simultaneous measurement of global methylation and copy number alterations in human colorectal cancer samples. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-lb-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epigenomic changes are commonly observed in cancer. We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay which can identify subtle changes in global methylation as well as copy number alterations (CNAs). The assay measures the methylation level of some repeat elements, covering over 25% of all CpG in the genome.
Genomic DNA extracted from 18 pairs of matched colorectal tumor to normal tissue was tested (four adenocarcinomas, including one associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and fourteen adenomas, including one adenoma from a Lynch syndrome patient, one familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and two sessile serrated adenomas (SSA)). We also assayed organoids established from these tissues at early (2 month) and late (more than 6 months) timepoints in culture. Briefly, bisulfite conversion and enrichment of the repeats was performed. The Illumina compatible products were sequenced on a HiSEQ 2500. Analysis was performed using Bismark (Krueger F., Babraham institute) and Nexus copy number (BioDiscovery) to determine the global methylation and the CNAs, respectively. Finally, somatic and germline variants were determined by targeted sequencing of 71 genes using the QIAseq colorectal cancer panel (QIAGEN).
Our data showed that all adenocarcinoma presented hypomethylation and CNAs as well as multiple somatic variants in APC, KRAS, TP53, SMAD4 and PIK3CA. Six out of the fourteen adenomas presented CNAs and nine showed hypomethylation. The most frequently observed copy number gain affected the chromosomes 8q and 13. Eight adenomas presenting somatic mutations in APC also exhibited distinct global hypomethylation. Previous publications have reported that mutations in APC precede global hypomethylation. Interestingly, one adenoma showed significant hypomethylation but no detectable CNAs or APC mutations. The two SSA samples showed the characteristic BRAF V600E mutations and the FAP sample presented germline mutation in APC. The FAP and the SSA samples did not show hypomethylation or CNAs. Most organoids presented CNAs and somatic mutations similar to their matched tissue even after 2 years in culture. However, few organoids developed new CNAs and somatic variants. Monitoring the changes in organoid may provide important information on tumor progression.
This assay measured CNAs and methylation in colorectal cancer samples, findings which may assist in determining the status of the disease and provide guidance to the appropriate action. Our NGS assay interrogates a significant portion of the genome leading to a more accurate and sensitive evaluation of the state of these cancer cells.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Julie C. Laliberte, Michael K. Dame, Durga Attili, Bodrul Islam, Kevin Kim, Jessica Zhang, Erica L. Katz, Gina M. Newsome, Priya H. Dedhia, Adele Kruger, Tobias Mann, Tom Goodman, Jeffrey Buis, Dean E. Brenner, James Varani, Jason R. Spence, Justin A. Colacino, Jay Stoerker. Simultaneous measurement of global methylation and copy number alterations in human colorectal cancer samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-093
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael K. Dame
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Durga Attili
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bodrul Islam
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kevin Kim
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica Zhang
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erica L. Katz
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gina M. Newsome
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Priya H. Dedhia
- 3Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | | | - Dean E. Brenner
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James Varani
- 2Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jason R. Spence
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- 6Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Demanelis K, Virani S, Colacino JA, Basu N, Nishijo M, Ruangyuttikarn W, Swaddiwudhipong W, Nambunmee K, Rozek LS. Cadmium exposure and age-associated DNA methylation changes in non-smoking women from northern Thailand. Environ Epigenet 2017; 3:dvx006. [PMID: 29492308 PMCID: PMC5804546 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation changes with age, and may serve as a biomarker of aging. Cadmium (Cd) modifies cellular processes that promote aging and disrupts methylation globally. Whether Cd modifies aging processes by influencing establishment of age-associated methylation marks is currently unknown. In this pilot study, we characterized methylation profiles in > 450 000 CpG sites in 40 non-smoking women (age 40-80) differentially exposed to environmental Cd from Thailand. Based on specific gravity adjusted urinary Cd, we classified them as high (HE) and low (LE) exposed and age-matched within 5 years. Urinary Cd was defined as below 2 µg/l in the LE group. We predicted epigenetic age (DNAm-age) using two published methods by Horvath and Hannum and examined the difference between epigenetic age and chronologic age (Δage). We assessed differences by Cd exposure using linear mixed models adjusted for estimated white blood cell proportions, BMI, and urinary creatinine. We identified 213 age-associated CpG sites in our population (P < 10-4). Counterintuitively, the mean Δage was smaller in HE vs. LE (Hannum: 3.6 vs. 7.6 years, P = 0.0093; Horvath: 2.4 vs. 4.5 years, P = 0.1308). The Cd exposed group was associated with changes in methylation (P < 0.05) at 12, 8, and 20 age-associated sites identified in our population, Hannum, and Horvath. From the results of this pilot study, elevated Cd exposure is associated with methylation changes at age-associated sites and smaller differences between DNAm-age and chronologic age, in contrast to expected age-accelerating effects. Cd may modify epigenetic aging, and biomarkers of aging warrant further investigation when examining Cd and its relationship with chronic disease and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Demanelis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Shama Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Witaya Swaddiwudhipong
- Department of Community and Social Science, Mae Sot General Hospital, Mae Sot District, Tak Province 63110, Thailand
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Correspondence address. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Office of Global Public Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA. Tel: 734-615-9816; E-mail:
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Ferguson KK, Colacino JA, Lewis RC, Meeker JD. Personal care product use among adults in NHANES: associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and phenols and use of mouthwash and sunscreen. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2017; 27:326-332. [PMID: 27168391 PMCID: PMC5376243 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Personal care product use is a well-established pathway of exposure for notable endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including phthalates, parabens, triclosan, benzophenone-3 (BP3), and bisphenol-A. We utilized questionnaire data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012 cycles to examine the associations between use of sunscreen and mouthwash and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and phenols in a nationally representative population of US adults (n=3529). Compared with individuals who reported "Never" using mouthwash, individuals who reported daily use had significantly elevated urinary concentrations of mono-ethyl phthalate, methyl and propyl parabens, and BP3 (28%, 30%, 39%, and 42% higher, respectively). Individuals who reported "Always" using sunscreen had significantly higher urinary concentrations of triclosan, methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens, and BP3 (59%, 92%, 102%, 151%, and 510% higher, respectively) compared with "Never" users of sunscreen. Associations between exposure biomarkers and sunscreen use were stronger in women compared with men, and associations with mouthwash use were generally stronger in men compared with women. These results suggest that sunscreen and mouthwash may be important exposure sources for EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan C. Lewis
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Virani S, Bellile E, Bradford CR, Carey TE, Chepeha DB, Colacino JA, Helman JI, McHugh JB, Peterson LA, Sartor MA, Taylor JM, Walline HM, Wolf GT, Rozek LS. NDN and CD1A are novel prognostic methylation markers in patients with head and neck squamous carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:825. [PMID: 26518708 PMCID: PMC4628358 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV-associated HNSCCs have a distinct etiologic mechanism and better prognosis than those with non-HPV associated HNSCCs. However, even within the each group, there is heterogeneity in survival time. Here, we test the hypothesis that specific candidate gene methylation markers (CCNA1, NDN, CD1A, DCC, p16, GADD45A) are associated with tumor recurrence and survival, in a well-characterized, prospective, cohort of 346 HNSCC patients. METHODS Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival time distributions. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to test associations between each methylation marker and OST/RPFT after adjusting for known or identified prognostic factors. Stratified Cox models included an interaction term between HPV and methylation marker to test for differences in the associations of the biomarker with OST or RPFT across HPV status. RESULTS Methylation markers were differentially associated with patient characteristics. DNA hypermethylation of NDN and CD1A was found to be significantly associated with overall survival time (OST) in all HNSCC patients (NDN hazard ratio (HR): 2.35, 95% CI: 1.40-3.94; CD1A HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.01-1.71). Stratification by HPV status revealed hypermethylation of CD1A was associated with better OST and recurrence/persistence-free time (RPFT) (OST HR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.88-5.93; RPFT HR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21-3.49), while hypomethylation of CCNA1 was associated with increased RPFT in HPV (+) patients only (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to describe novel epigenetic alterations associated with survival in an unselected, prospectively collected, consecutive cohort of patients with HNSCC. DNA hypermethylation of NDN and CD1A was found to be significantly associated with increased overall survival time in all HNSCC patients. However, stratification by the important prognostic factor of HPV status revealed the immune marker, CD1A, and the cell cycle regulator, CCNA1 to be associated with prognosis in HPV (+) patients, specifically. Here, we identified novel methylation markers and specific, epigenetic molecular differences associated with HPV status, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph I Helman
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan Dental School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jeremy Mg Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Heather M Walline
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Greg T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- 1415 Washington Heights, Environmental Health Sciences 6630 SPH, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
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Sjödin A, Schecter A, Jones R, Wong LY, Colacino JA, Malik-Bass N, Zhang Y, Anderson S, McClure C, Turner W, Calafat AM. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) concentrations in sera collected in 2009 from Texas children. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:8196-202. [PMID: 24911286 PMCID: PMC5152615 DOI: 10.1021/es5016907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) have been measured in surplus serum collected in 2009 from a convenience sample of 300 Texas children (boys and girls) in the birth to 13 years of age range. Serum concentrations of traditional persistent organic pollutants such as 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) and p,p'-DDE did not change consistently with age. By contrast, serum concentrations of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-BDEs were lowest in the youngest children (birth to two year old) and increased 3.0 to 7.9 times, depending on the analyte, for children in the >4 to 6 years of age group. From the apex concentration to the 10 to 13 years of age group, concentrations decreased significantly except for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-153), which also had a longer apex concentration of >4 to 8 years of age. This concentration trend for PBDE-153 is most likely due to a longer half-life of PBDE-153 than of other PBDE congeners. The observed PBDEs concentration patterns by age may be related, at least in part, to ingestion of residential dust containing PBDEs through hand-to-mouth behavior among toddlers, preschoolers, and kindergarteners. Further studies to characterize young children's exposure to PBDEs are warranted and, in particular, to determine the lifestyle factors that may contribute to such exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sjödin
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
- Corresponding Author. A. Sjödin.
| | - Arnold Schecter
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Dallas Regional Campus, 6011 Harry Hines Boulevard V8.112, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Richard Jones
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Noor Malik-Bass
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Dallas Regional Campus, 6011 Harry Hines Boulevard V8.112, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yalin Zhang
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Sarah Anderson
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Cheryl McClure
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Wayman Turner
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
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Darr OA, Colacino JA, Tang AL, McHugh JB, Bellile EL, Bradford CR, Prince MP, Chepeha DB, Rozek LS, Moyer JS. Epigenetic alterations in metastatic cutaneous carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:994-1001. [PMID: 24700717 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the 2 most common cutaneous carcinomas. Molecular profiles predicting metastasis of these cancers have not been identified. METHODS Epigenetic profiles of 37 primary cases of cutaneous SCC and BCC were quantified via the Illumina Goldengate Cancer Panel. Differential protein expression by metastatic potential was analyzed in 110 total cases by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that metastatic BCCs had a methylation profile resembling cutaneous SCCs. Metastatic cutaneous SCCs were found to be hypermethylated at FRZB (median methylation: 46.7% vs 4.7%; p = 4 × 10(-5) ). Metastatic BCCs were found to be hypomethylated at MYCL2 (median methylation: 3.8% vs 83.4%; p = 1.9 × 10(-6) ). Immunohistochemical staining revealed few differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancers. CONCLUSION Metastatic primary BCCs and cutaneous SCCs had distinct epigenetic profiles when compared to their nonmetastatic counterparts. Epigenetic profiling may prove useful in future diagnosis and prevention of advanced nonmelanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Darr
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alice L Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily L Bellile
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark P Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Douglas B Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey S Moyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Colacino JA, Arthur AE, Ferguson KK, Rozek LS. Dietary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory intake modifies the effect of cadmium exposure on markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Environ Res 2014; 131:6-12. [PMID: 24607659 PMCID: PMC4057047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium exposure may cause disease through induction of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Factors that mitigate cadmium toxicity and could serve as interventions in exposed populations have not been well characterized. We used data from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to quantify diet׳s role in modifying associations between cadmium exposure and oxidative stress and inflammation. We created a composite antioxidant and anti-inflammatory diet score (ADS) by ranking participants by quintile of intake across a panel of 19 nutrients. We identified associations and effect modification between ADS, urinary cadmium, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation by multiple linear regression. An interquartile range increase in urinary cadmium was associated with a 47.5%, 8.8%, and 3.7% increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. An interquartile range increase in ADS was associated with an 7.4%, 3.3%, 5.2%, and 2.5% decrease in CRP, GGT, ALP, and total white blood cell count respectively, and a 3.0% increase in serum bilirubin. ADS significantly attenuated the association between cadmium exposure, CRP and ALP. Dietary interventions may provide a route to reduce the impact of cadmium toxicity on the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 6630 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Abstract
Cancer is a disease that results from the successive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Despite intense study, many unanswered questions about the nature of the contribution of epigenetic changes to carcinogenesis remain. In this review, we describe principles of epigenetics as they relate to our current understanding of carcinogenesis. There are a number of in vivo models of specific pathways of carcinogenesis that are very useful for the characterization of epigenetic mechanisms that link environmental exposures or genetic susceptibility and cancer progression. Because epigenetic alterations are thought to be reversible, they offer great promise for treatment of cancer. The use of animal models to evaluate the effects of decitabine and zebularine has elucidated the mechanisms of action and indicated the potential for these types of treatment. Ultimately, the greatest challenge lies in the integration of laboratory and epidemiologic data to best prevent and treat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shami Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Kim JH, Rozek LS, Soliman AS, Sartor MA, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Colacino JA, Weinhouse C, Nahar MS, Dolinoy DC. Bisphenol A-associated epigenomic changes in prepubescent girls: a cross-sectional study in Gharbiah, Egypt. Environ Health 2013; 12:33. [PMID: 23590724 PMCID: PMC3655072 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now compelling evidence that epigenetic modifications link adult disease susceptibility to environmental exposures during specific life stages, including pre-pubertal development. Animal studies indicate that bisphenol A (BPA), the monomer used in epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, may impact health through epigenetic mechanisms, and epidemiological data associate BPA levels with metabolic disorders, behavior changes, and reproductive effects. Thus, we conducted an environmental epidemiology study of BPA exposure and CpG methylation in pre-adolescent girls from Gharbiah, Egypt hypothesizing that methylation profiles exhibit exposure-dependent trends. METHODS Urinary concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA in spot samples were quantified for 60 girls aged 10 to 13. Genome-wide CpG methylation was concurrently measured in bisulfite-converted saliva DNA using the Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip (N = 46). CpG sites from four candidate genes were validated via quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing. RESULTS CpG methylation varied widely among girls, and higher urinary BPA concentrations were generally associated with less genomic methylation. Based on pathway analyses, genes exhibiting reduced methylation with increasing urinary BPA were involved in immune function, transport activity, metabolism, and caspase activity. In particular, hypomethylation of CpG targets on chromosome X was associated with higher urinary BPA. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, we identified a number of candidate genes in our sample that previously have been associated with BPA-related expression change. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that BPA may affect human health through specific epigenomic modification of genes in relevant pathways. Thus, epigenetic epidemiology holds promise for the identification of biomarkers from previous exposures and the development of epigenetic-based diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Hablas
- Tanta Cancer Center and the Gharbiah Cancer Society, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caren Weinhouse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Muna S Nahar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Schecter A, Lorber M, Guo Y, Wu Q, Yun SH, Kannan K, Hommel M, Imran N, Hynan LS, Cheng D, Colacino JA, Birnbaum LS. Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in New York State. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:473-94. [PMID: 23461894 PMCID: PMC3620091 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates have been found in many personal care and industrial products, but have not previously been reported in food purchased in the United States. Phthalates are ubiquitous synthetic compounds and therefore difficult to measure in foods containing trace levels. Phthalates have been associated with endocrine disruption and developmental alteration. OBJECTIVES Our goals were to report concentrations of phthalates in U.S. food for the first time, specifically, nine phthalates in 72 individual food samples purchased in Albany, New York, and to compare these findings with other countries and estimate dietary phthalate intake. METHODS A convenience sample of commonly consumed foods was purchased from New York supermarkets. Methods were developed to analyze these foods using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Dietary intakes of phthalates were estimated as the product of the food consumption rate and concentration of phthalates in that food. RESULTS The range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6% for dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) to 74% for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). DEHP concentrations were the highest of the phthalates measured in all foods except beef [where di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) was the highest phthalate found], with pork having the highest estimated mean concentration of any food group (mean 300 ng/g; maximum, 1,158 ng/g). Estimated mean adult intakes ranged from 0.004 μg/kg/day for dimethyl phthalate (DMP) to 0.673 μg/kg/day for DEHP. CONCLUSIONS Phthalates are widely present in U.S. foods. While estimated intakes for individual phthalates in this study were more than an order of magnitude lower than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference doses, cumulative exposure to phthalates is of concern and a more representative survey of U.S. foods is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75390-9128, USA.
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Koeppe ES, Ferguson KK, Colacino JA, Meeker JD. Relationship between urinary triclosan and paraben concentrations and serum thyroid measures in NHANES 2007-2008. Sci Total Environ 2013; 445-446:299-305. [PMID: 23340023 PMCID: PMC3572338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan and parabens are broad spectrum antimicrobials used in a range of consumer products. In vitro and animal studies have suggested the potential for these compounds to disrupt thyroid function, though studies in humans have been limited. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship of urinary concentrations of triclosan and parabens with serum thyroid measures in a large, representative sample of the US population. We conducted an exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of data on urinary biomarkers of triclosan and paraben exposure and serum thyroid measures obtained from 1831 subjects (ages≥12 years) as part of the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We found evidence of some inverse associations between parabens and circulating thyroid hormone levels in adults, with the strongest and most consistent associations among females. We also observed a positive association between triclosan and total triiodothyonine (T3) concentrations in adolescents. These results, in accordance with the in vitro and animal literature, suggest that paraben, and potentially triclosan, exposures may be associated with altered thyroid hormone levels in humans. Further research is needed for confirmation and to determine the potential clinical and public health significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S. Koeppe
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor, MI
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Colacino JA, Dolinoy DC, Duffy SA, Sartor MA, Chepeha DB, Bradford CR, McHugh JB, Patel DA, Virani S, Walline HM, Bellile E, Terrell JE, Stoerker JA, Taylor JMG, Carey TE, Wolf GT, Rozek LS. Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma indicates differences by survival and clinicopathologic characteristics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54742. [PMID: 23358896 PMCID: PMC3554647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. The risk of developing HNSCC increases with exposure to tobacco, alcohol and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV-associated HNSCCs have a distinct risk profile and improved prognosis compared to cancers associated with tobacco and alcohol exposure. Epigenetic changes are an important mechanism in carcinogenic progression, but how these changes differ between viral- and chemical-induced cancers remains unknown. CpG methylation at 1505 CpG sites across 807 genes in 68 well-annotated HNSCC tumor samples from the University of Michigan Head and Neck SPORE patient population were quantified using the Illumina Goldengate Methylation Cancer Panel. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on methylation identified 6 distinct tumor clusters, which significantly differed by age, HPV status, and three year survival. Weighted linear modeling was used to identify differentially methylated genes based on epidemiological characteristics. Consistent with previous in vitro findings by our group, methylation of sites in the CCNA1 promoter was found to be higher in HPV(+) tumors, which was validated in an additional sample set of 128 tumors. After adjusting for cancer site, stage, age, gender, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, HPV status was found to be a significant predictor for DNA methylation at an additional 11 genes, including CASP8 and SYBL1. These findings provide insight into the epigenetic regulation of viral vs. chemical carcinogenesis and could provide novel targets for development of individualized therapeutic and prevention regimens based on environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia A. Duffy
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Douglas B. Chepeha
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Carol R. Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan B. McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Divya A. Patel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shama Virani
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Walline
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emily Bellile
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E. Terrell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Stoerker
- Sequenom Center for Molecular Medicine, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jeremy M. G. Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gregory T. Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cole L, Rozek LS, Peters ES, Colacino JA, Virani S, Dolinoy DC, Sartor MA, Peterson L, Wolf GT, Carey TE, Walline HM, Bradford CR, Chepea DB, McHugh JB. Abstract 57: Human papillomavirus-16 DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.gwas-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), representing a distinct subset of the disease. Compared to those with no evidence of HPV in HNSCC, HPV-associated HNSCC are most often located in the tonsil and base of tongue, associated with less tobacco and alcohol exposure, and improved prognosis. Methylation of certain CpG sites in the HPV genome is associated with expression of oncogenic E6 and E7 proteins, and is an indication of viral integration in the human genome. Further, somatic methylation changes in the host genome are a hallmark of HNSCC, but the clinical significance and epidemiologic correlates of methylation within the HPV genome in HNSCC tumors has not yet been well described. Here, we measured methylation of the HPV genome in 69 HPV-16 positive tumors from patients enrolled in the University of Michigan Head and Neck Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) ongoing survivorship cohort to describe the distribution of CpG site methylation of the HPV genome and its relationship with associated clinicoepidemiologic characteristics. DNA was extracted from areas of >70% cellularity from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors. Using bisulfite sequencing (pyrosequencing), we quantified methylation of 13 total CpG sites in the E6 promoter, enhancer, and long control region (LCR) of the HPV-16 genome. Epidemiologic data on several risk factors (age, sex, smoking status, pack-years, alcohol status, stage, and site) were examined in relation to methylation levels. Of the 69 tumors, there were 57 oropharynx (82.6%), 7 oral cavity (10.1%), 3 larynx (4.3%), 1 nasopharynx, and 1 hypopharynx (1.5% each). The average age at diagnosis was 55.6 (SD = 9.4), the majority were stage 4 (78.3%), and 85.5% were male. Overall, mean methylation was 12.4% of the 5 CpG sites in the E6 promoter region (range = 0 to 93.5%), 2.4% of the 4 CpG sites in the enhancer region (range = 0.4 to 10.7%), and 10% of the 4 CpG sites in the LCR region (range = 0.9 to 41.5%). CpG sites were consistently methylated within the E6 promoter and enhancer regions, while the LCR region had higher methylation in one CpG site (7455) compared to the other sites within that region. No significant differences in mean methylation levels for any of the regions in the HPV-16 genome were observed for age, smoking status (current, former or never smoker at baseline), alcohol status (current, former or never drinker at baseline), stage, or site. Within the E6 promoter region, patients with 15 pack-years or greater had a lower mean percent methylation (6.6%) than those with less than 15 pack-years (17.7%, p < 0.05). Females tended to have a higher mean percent methylation than males in the E6 promoter region (24.25% vs. 10.44%, p < 0.09). Of the 69 cases, 10 died or recurred within 3 years. We did not observe any association between HPV methylation and survival; however, our power to detect an association was low. Our results suggest that methylation of the HPV genome may be associated with epidemiologic risk factor characteristics and offer potential avenues for prevention and treatment of this disease.
Citation Format: Lauren Cole, Laura S. Rozek, Edward S. Peters, Justin A. Colacino, Shama Virani, Dana C. Dolinoy, Maureen A. Sartor, Lisa Peterson, Gregory T. Wolf, Thomas E. Carey, Heather M. Walline, Carol R. Bradford, Douglas B. Chepea, Jonathan B. McHugh. Human papillomavirus-16 DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cole
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Edward S. Peters
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shama Virani
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lisa Peterson
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gregory T. Wolf
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas E. Carey
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Heather M. Walline
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carol R. Bradford
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Douglas B. Chepea
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan B. McHugh
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 3University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Schecter A, Szabo DT, Miller J, Gent TL, Malik-Bass N, Petersen M, Paepke O, Colacino JA, Hynan LS, Harris TR, Malla S, Birnbaum LS. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) stereoisomers in U.S. food from Dallas, Texas. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120:1260-4. [PMID: 22647707 PMCID: PMC3440131 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used in polystyrene foams in thermal insulation and electrical equipment. The HBCD commercial mixture consists mainly of α, β, and γ stereoisomers. Health concerns of HBCD exposure include alterations in immune and reproductive systems, neurotoxic effects, and endocrine disruption. Stereoisomer-specific levels of HBCD have not been measured previously in U.S. food. OBJECTIVES We measured HBCD stereoisomer levels in U.S. foods from Dallas, Texas, supermarkets. METHODS Convenience samples of commonly consumed foods were purchased from supermarkets in Dallas in 2009-2010. Food samples included a wide variety of lipid-rich foods: fish, peanut butter, poultry, pork, and beef. Thirty-six individual food samples were collected in 2010 and analyzed for α-, β-, and γ-HBCD stereoisomers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ten pooled food samples previously collected in 2009 for a study of total HBCD levels using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), were reanalyzed for α-, β-, and γ-HBCD stereoisomers using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Of the 36 measured individual foods, 15 (42%) had detectable levels of HBCD. Median (ranges) of α- and γ-HBCD concentrations were 0.003 (< 0.005-1.307) and 0.005 (< 0.010-0.143) ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively; β-HBCD was present in three samples with a median (range) of 0.003 (< 0.005-0.019) ng/g ww. Median levels (range) for α-, β-, and γ-HBCD, in pooled samples were 0.077 (0.010-0.310), 0.008 (< 0.002-0.070), and 0.024 (0.012-0.170) ng/g ww, respectively. CONCLUSIONS α-HBCD was detected most frequently and at highest concentrations, followed by γ-, and then β-HBCD, in food samples from Dallas, Texas. Food may be a substantial contributor to the elevated α-HBCD levels observed in humans. These data suggest that larger and more representative sampling should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Texas School of Public Health, 6011 Harry Hines Blvd., V8.122E, Dallas, TX 75390-9128 USA.
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Colacino JA, Arthur AE, Dolinoy DC, Sartor MA, Duffy SA, Chepeha DB, Bradford CR, Walline HM, McHugh JB, D'Silva N, Carey TE, Wolf GT, Taylor JMG, Peterson KE, Rozek LS. Pretreatment dietary intake is associated with tumor suppressor DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Epigenetics 2012; 7:883-91. [PMID: 22722388 PMCID: PMC3427284 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is associated with cancer prognosis, including head and neck cancer (HNC), and has been hypothesized to influence epigenetic state by determining the availability of functional groups involved in the modification of DNA and histone proteins. The goal of this study was to describe the association between pretreatment diet and HNC tumor DNA methylation. Information on usual pretreatment food and nutrient intake was estimated via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on 49 HNC cases. Tumor DNA methylation patterns were assessed using the Illumina Goldengate Methylation Cancer Panel. First, a methylation score, the sum of individual hypermethylated tumor suppressor associated CpG sites, was calculated and associated with dietary intake of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and antioxidant activity, and food groups abundant in these nutrients. Second, gene specific analyses using linear modeling with empirical Bayesian variance estimation were conducted to identify if methylation at individual CpG sites was associated with diet. All models were controlled for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and HPV status. Individuals reporting in the highest quartile of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A intake, compared with those in the lowest quartile, showed significantly less tumor suppressor gene methylation, as did patients reporting the highest cruciferous vegetable intake. Gene specific analyses identified differential associations between DNA methylation and vitamin B12 and vitamin A intake when stratifying by HPV status. These preliminary results suggest that intake of folate, vitamin A and vitamin B12 may be associated with the tumor DNA methylation profile in HNC and enhance tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Cote ML, Colacino JA, Sheng S, Lonardo F, Stewart M, Dolinoy DC, Jones TR, Schwartz AG, Rozek LS. Abstract LB-383: Methylation profiles using 480,000 cytosine markers of early stage adenocarcinomas of the lung. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-lb-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Even detected in its earliest stages, lung cancer is a deadly disease, with fewer than 50% of cases surviving 5 years post-diagnosis. As surgical resection of the tumor is the extent of treatment for most early stage disease, ways to identify individuals who would benefit from additional therapy is critical to reduce the mortality in this population. Epigenetic changes are an important mechanism in carcinogenic progression, but their potential role in lung cancer progression is not yet understood. We identified formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumors with high cellularity from 20 white women with early stage adenocarcinoma of the lung and two matched blood DNA samples from a previous population-based case-control study. These samples were profiled on the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip after processing with the Infinium HD FFPE Restore Kit in the University of Michigan Sequencing Core. The HumanMethylation450 BeadChip measures the methylation status at over 480,000 cytosines distributed over the genome. Excluding sites with missing values and high detection p-values, 466,807 sites were available for analysis. The Bioconductor package IMA was used for data processing and the R package limma was used to identify methylation differences based on survival (≥ 36 months, n = 14 vs < 36 months, n=6) and somatic mutation status (2 samples each were either EGFR or KRAS positive) after adjustment for pack years of smoking and age at diagnosis. Comparing those who did and did not survive 36 months post-diagnosis, 2178 probes were differentially methylated after correction for multiple testing (adjusted q<0.20). Of these, 270 (12.4%) were in CpG islands and 1040 (47.8%) were not located in a CpG island, shore or shelf. Comparing those with and without KRAS mutations, 1017 genes were differentially methylated. Of these, 596 (58.6%) were in CpG islands and 157 (15.4%) were not located in a CpG island, shore or shelf. There were fewer differences based on EGFR status, with only six methylation differences significant at q<0.20. Ongoing validation analyses are underway to understand the extent and significance of differentially methylated sites. In this pilot study using a newly-designed, high density microarray for methylation analysis on FFPE samples, we identified a distinct epigenetic prognostic profile in lung cancer. We also note a potential epigenetic profile associated with KRAS mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, as has been noted in other tumor sites. Our initial results indicate specific epigenetic differences may correlate with survival in early stage adenocarcinoma of the lung and could provide insight into functional changes that affect disease progression, and ultimately survival.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-383. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-383
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shejie Sheng
- 3Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Mark Stewart
- 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tamara R. Jones
- 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Laura S. Rozek
- 2University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Nahar MS, Soliman AS, Colacino JA, Calafat AM, Battige K, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Dolinoy DC, Rozek LS. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in girls from rural and urban Egypt: a pilot study. Environ Health 2012; 11:20. [PMID: 22472083 PMCID: PMC3361671 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to endocrine active compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), remains poorly characterized in developing countries despite the fact that behavioral practices related to westernization have the potential to influence exposure. BPA is a high production volume chemical that has been associated with metabolic dysfunction as well as behavioral and developmental effects in people, including children. In this pilot study, we evaluate BPA exposure and assess likely pathways of exposure among girls from urban and rural Egypt. METHODS We measured urinary concentrations of total (free plus conjugated) species of BPA in spot samples in urban (N = 30) and rural (N = 30) Egyptian girls, and compared these concentrations to preexisting data from age-matched American girls (N = 47) from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We also collected anthropometric and questionnaire data regarding food storage behaviors to assess potential routes of exposure. RESULTS Urban and rural Egyptian girls exhibited similar concentrations of urinary total BPA, with median unadjusted values of 1.00 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. Concentrations of urinary BPA in this group of Egyptian girls (median unadjusted: 0.70 ng/mL) were significantly lower compared to age-matched American girls (median unadjusted: 2.60 ng/mL) according to NHANES 2009-2010 data. Reported storage of food in plastic containers was a significant predictor of increasing concentrations of urinary BPA. CONCLUSIONS Despite the relatively low urinary BPA concentrations within this Egyptian cohort, the significant association between food storage behaviors and increasing urinary BPA concentration highlights the need to understand food and consumer product patterns that may be closing the gap between urban and rural lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna S Nahar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr S Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Battige
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Hablas
- Tanta Cancer Center and the Gharbiah Cancer Society, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Schecter A, Malik-Bass N, Calafat AM, Kato K, Colacino JA, Gent TL, Hynan LS, Harris TR, Malla S, Birnbaum L. Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in Texas children from birth through 12 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120:590-4. [PMID: 22182702 PMCID: PMC3339466 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For > 50 years, polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) have been used worldwide, mainly as surfactants and emulsifiers, and human exposure to some PFCs is widespread. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to report PFC serum concentrations from a convenience sample of Dallas, Texas, children from birth to < 13 years of age, and to examine age and sex differences in PFC concentrations. METHODS We analyzed 300 serum samples collected in 2009 for eight PFCs by online solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected in > 92% of participants; the other PFCs measured were detected less frequently. Overall median concentrations of PFOS (4.1 ng/mL) were higher than those for PFOA (2.85 ng/mL), PFNA (1.2 ng/mL), and PFHxS (1.2 ng/mL). For PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS, we found no significant differences (p < 0.05) by sex, significantly increasing concentrations for all four chemicals by age, and significantly positive correlations between all four compounds. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant differences in the serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS by sex, but increasing concentrations with age. Our results suggest that these 300 Texas children from birth through 12 years of age continued to be exposed to several PFCs in late 2009, years after changes in production of some PFCs in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
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Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC, Jones TR, Colacino JA, Prince MEP, Carey TE, Rozek LS. Genome-wide methylation and expression differences in HPV(+) and HPV(-) squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are consistent with divergent mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Epigenetics 2011; 6:777-87. [PMID: 21613826 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.6.16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with nearly all cervical cancers and are increasingly important in the etiology of oropharyngeal tumors. HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have distinct risk profiles and appreciate a prognostic advantage compared to HPV-negative HNSCC. Promoter hypermethylation is widely recognized as a mechanism in the progression of HNSCC, but the extent to which this mechanism is consistent between HPV(+) and HPV(-) tumors is unknown. To investigate the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in HPV-induced and carcinogen-induced cancers, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in HPV(+) and HPV(-) SCC cell lines. We used two platforms: the Illumina Infinium Methylation BeadArray and tiling arrays, and confirmed illustrative examples with pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. These analyses indicate that HPV(+) cell lines have higher DNA methylation in genic and LINE-1 regions than HPV(-) cell lines. Differentially methylated loci between HPV(+) and HPV(-) cell lines significantly correlated with HPV-typed HNSCC primary tumor DNA methylation levels. Novel findings include higher promoter methylation of polycomb repressive complex 2 target genes in HPV(+) cells compared to HPV(-) cells and increased expression of DNMT3A in HPV(+) cells. Additionally, CDKN2A and KRT8 were identified as interaction hubs among genes with higher methylation and lower expression in HPV(-) cells. Conversely, RUNX2, IRS-1 and CCNA1 were major hubs with higher methylation and lower expression in HPV(+) cells. Distinct HPV(+) and HPV(-) epigenetic profiles should provide clues to novel targets for development of individualized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Sartor
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Colacino JA, Soliman AS, Calafat AM, Nahar MS, Van Zomeren-Dohm A, Hablas A, Seifeldin IA, Rozek LS, Dolinoy DC. Exposure to phthalates among premenstrual girls from rural and urban Gharbiah, Egypt: a pilot exposure assessment study. Environ Health 2011; 10:40. [PMID: 21575223 PMCID: PMC3112381 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates have been identified as endocrine active compounds associated with developmental and reproductive toxicity. The exposure to phthalates in premenstrual Egyptian females remains unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize phthalate exposure of a potentially vulnerable population of premenstrual girls from urban and rural Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected one spot urine sample from 60 10-13 year old females, 30 from rural Egypt, and 30 from urban Egypt from July to October 2009. Samples were analyzed for 11 phthalate metabolites. Additionally, we collected anthropometrics as well as questionnaire data concerning food storage behaviors, cooking practices, and cosmetic use. Phthalate metabolite concentrations were compared between urban and rural Egyptians as well as to age and gender matched Americans. RESULTS Monoethyl phthalate (MEP), was detected at the highest concentration in urine of Egyptian girls (median: 43.2 ng/mL in rural, 98.8 ng/mL in urban). Concentrations of urinary metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate were comparable between Egyptians and age matched US girls. Storage of food in plastic containers was a statistically significant predictor of urinary mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) concentrations when comparing covariate adjusted means. CONCLUSIONS Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites were similar in Egyptian and US populations, suggesting that phthalate exposure also occurs in developing nations. Dietary intake is likely an important route of exposure to phthalates in both urban and rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amr S Soliman
- Center for Global Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Muna S Nahar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adrienne Van Zomeren-Dohm
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed Hablas
- Tanta Cancer Center and the Gharbiah Cancer Society, Gharbiah, Egypt
| | | | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Colacino JA, Harris TR, Schecter A. Dietary intake is associated with phthalate body burden in a nationally representative sample. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:998-1003. [PMID: 20392686 PMCID: PMC2920922 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are compounds that are used in a wide range of consumer products. However, the contribution of dietary intake to phthalate exposure has not been well defined. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of different food types to phthalate exposure. Phthalates are chemicals of concern because of the high levels measured in people and the environment, as well as the demonstrated toxicity in animal studies and limited epidemiological studies. Previous research, although limited, has suggested that phthalates contaminate food in various countries. METHODS We conducted an exploratory analysis of data collected as part of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Associations between dietary intake (assessed by a 24-hr dietary recall) for a range of food types (meat, poultry, fish, fruit, vegetable, and dairy) and phthalate metabolites measured in urine were analyzed using multiple linear regression modeling. RESULTS We found that metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were associated with the consumption of poultry. Monoethyl phthalate, the metabolite of diethyl phthalate (DEP), was associated with vegetable consumption, specifically tomato and potato consumption. DISCUSSION These results, combined with results from previous studies, suggest that diet is an important route of intake for phthalates. Further research is needed to determine the sources of food contamination with these toxic chemicals and to describe the levels of contamination of U.S. food in a large, representative U.S. sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Schecter A, Shah N, Colacino JA, Brummitt SI, Ramakrishnan V, Robert Harris T, Päpke O. PBDEs in US and German clothes dryer lint: a potential source of indoor contamination and exposure. Chemosphere 2009; 75:623-628. [PMID: 19217641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Since the 1970s, PBDEs have been widely used as additive flame retardants in furniture and electronic equipment. Due to their wide use and persistent nature, these chemicals are found in the environment, human blood, breast milk and other tissues in increasing levels in recent decades. PBDEs are similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in structure and toxicity. However, unlike PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs, the route of PBDE exposure is not almost exclusively through food. PBDE levels in US food are not markedly higher than in Europe, although US human blood and milk levels are an order of magnitude higher. For these reasons, other possible routes of PBDE exposure have been investigated to understand PBDE intake into humans. PBDE contaminated clothes dryer lint and household dust are indicators of indoor contamination and may be sources of human exposure through hand-to-mouth contact or dermal absorption. There are very few publications about PBDEs in US or European lint. Household dryer lint from 12 US and seven German homes were analyzed for PBDEs by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. We found the median US total PBDE levels were more than 10 times higher than median German levels and the mean US levels were two times higher than mean German levels. The US levels ranged from 321 to 3073ngg(-1) (median: 803ngg(-1), mean: 1138ngg(-1)) and the German levels were from 330 to 2069ngg(-1) (median: 71ngg(-1), mean: 361ngg(-1)). PBDE contamination of lint was found in all samples; the source of the PBDEs may be from dryer electrical components and/or dust deposition onto clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
| | - Nirav Shah
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA
| | - Sharon I Brummitt
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ramakrishnan
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA
| | - T Robert Harris
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA
| | - Olaf Päpke
- Eurofins - ERGO Laboratory, Hamburg, Germany
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Schecter A, Colacino JA, Shah N, Harris TR, Papke O. Limitations in the use of potassium dichromate as a blood preservative for the analysis of organohalogenated compounds: two month results. Chemosphere 2009; 74:448-452. [PMID: 18990421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For analysis of organochlorine contaminants in human tissue, the "gold standard" for preservation, storage, and shipping is usually freezing. However, this method can be difficult, if samples are taken in remote areas, and costly, when the samples must be shipped on dry ice. Therefore, a more simple and cost effective method of preservation is essential for remote field work. Potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) has been successfully employed in the preservation of human and cows' milk as well as chicken eggs. Our previous studies described the use of potassium dichromate for preservation of whole blood for analysis of dioxins, dibenzofurans, and PCBs. Potassium dichromate was found to successfully preserve blood at room temperature for 34 d with no significant differences in the measured concentrations of chemical contaminants or blood lipid level when compared to frozen samples. However, in a follow-up study, 3 months and 6 months of potassium dichromate preservation proved inadequate to preserve the samples for organic pollutant analysis. We noted that the lipid portion of the blood in the chemically preserved samples was declining in level or degrading, while the persistent organic pollutants remained intact at the same levels on a whole weight basis. To narrow down the window of efficacy for the use of potassium dichromate to preserve blood samples for analysis, the present study compared chemical preservation to freezing for an intermediate time period, 2 months. Similar to our previous findings at 3 and 6 months, at 2 months significant lipid degradation was observed in the chemically preserved samples. Chemically preserved samples had significantly higher levels of organochlorine contaminants (dioxins, dibenzofurans, and PCBs) when measured on a blood lipid basis but not on a wet weight basis compared to frozen samples. While 2 months of potassium dichromate preservation was not useful for obtaining accurate measure of dioxins, furans, and PCBs on a lipid basis, previous studies found this method of preservation to be useful for at least one month (Schecter, A., Pavuk, M., Päpke, O., Malisch, R., 2004. The use of potassium dichromate and ethyl alcohol as blood preservatives for analysis of organochlorine contaminants. Chemosphere 57, 1-7). However blood stored at -70 degrees C and at 22 degrees C with potassium dichromate gave similar results when expressed on a wet weight basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Schecter
- University of Texas School of Public Health at Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines, V8.112, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
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Demizu Y, Sasaki R, Trachootham D, Pelicano H, Colacino JA, Liu J, Huang P. Alterations of cellular redox state during NNK-induced malignant transformation and resistance to radiation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:951-61. [PMID: 18257743 PMCID: PMC2717788 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often exhibit increased reactive oxygen species generation and altered redox regulation. The current study was conducted to investigate the biochemical and molecular events associated with redox alterations during chemical-induced malignant transformation and to evaluate their potential roles in radiation sensitivity. Immortalized nonmalignant human bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and a clone of cells exhibiting malignant behaviors was isolated and characterized. This clone initially exhibited an increase in cellular superoxide that eventually decreased after a long-term culture in vitro, associated with altered expression of antioxidant molecules, including an increase in thioredoxin-1 and manganese superoxide dismutase, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase-1. These cells also showed a significant decrease in sensitivity to ionizing radiation, as demonstrated by less cell death in acute apoptosis analyses and long-term cell proliferation assays. Using biochemical redox modulation and siRNA approach, we showed that the increase in thioredoxin-1 played a significant role in conferring resistance to IR. Although there was a substantial increase in cellular glutathione, inhibition of glutathione synthesis did not increase IR sensitivity. Our study showed complex redox alterations during NNK-induced malignant transformation, and identified Trx-1 as a radiosensitivity modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Demizu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yang G, Rosen DG, Zhang Z, Bast RC, Mills GB, Colacino JA, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J. The chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1 (Gro-1) links RAS signaling to the senescence of stromal fibroblasts and ovarian tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:16472-7. [PMID: 17060621 PMCID: PMC1637606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605752103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-stromal interactions play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression; cancer-associated stroma, but not normal stroma, is known to be tumor-promoting. However, the molecular signal used by epithelial cancer cells to reprogram normal stroma to a tumorigenic stroma is not known. Here, we present evidence to suggest that the chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1 (Gro-1) may be one such signaling molecule. We showed that the expression of Gro-1 is activated by RAS and is vital for cell survival and the malignant transformation of ovarian epithelial cells. Surprisingly, we found that Gro-1 is a potent inducer of senescence in stromal fibroblasts and that this effect depends on functional p53. Senescent fibroblasts induced by Gro-1 can promote tumor growth whereas abrogation of senescence through immortalization results in loss of such tumor promoting activity. We also demonstrated that stromal fibroblasts adjacent to epithelial cancer cells are senescent in human ovarian cancer specimens and in heterografts from RAS-transformed human ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, Gro-1 was expressed at significantly higher amounts in ovarian cancer than in normal tissues and was higher in serum samples from women with ovarian cancer than in serum from women without ovarian cancer. These findings provide strong evidence that RAS-induced Gro-1 can reprogram the stromal microenvironment through the induction of senescence of fibroblasts and thus can promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, Gro-1 may be a therapeutic target as well as a diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gordon B. Mills
- Molecular Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | | | - Jinsong Liu
- Departments of *Pathology
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Yang G, Rosen DG, Colacino JA, Mercado-Uribe I, Liu J. Disruption of the retinoblastoma pathway by small interfering RNA and ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase lead to immortalization of human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:1492-8. [PMID: 16953228 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing ovarian cancer is about 1% over a lifetime, but it is the most deadly gynecologic cancer, in part due to lack of diagnostic markers for early-stage disease and cell model system for studying early neoplastic changes. Most existing immortal human ovarian surface epithelial cells were achieved by using viral protein such as SV40 T/t antigen or E6/E7, which inactivate multiple cellular pathways. In the current study, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the retinoblastoma gene (pRb) and ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to immortalize the primary ovarian epithelial cell line OSE137 and two additional human ovarian surface epithelial cells. The immortalized OSE137 showed increased telomerase activity, lengthened telomeres, increased G2/M phase, altered cell-cycle regulatory proteins but nontumorigenic. As both Rb and hTERT pathways are commonly altered in human ovarian cancer and these genetic changes are faithfully modeled in these cells without using viral protein, these immortal cells represent an authentic in vitro model system with which to study the initiation and progression of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yang G, Rosen DG, Mercado-Uribe I, Colacino JA, Mills GB, Bast RC, Zhou C, Liu J. Knockdown of p53 combined with expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase is sufficient to immortalize primary human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2006; 28:174-82. [PMID: 16829690 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is developed from a single layer of thin epithelial cells covering the surface of ovary, named human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Like all primary human cells, human ovarian surface epithelial cells have a finite life span and will go into senescence and eventually die when cultured in vitro. Immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cells will provide an important model system with which to study ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Here, we show that silencing p53 expression with retrovirus-mediated small interfering RNA can delay the senescence and extend cell passage number, but is not sufficient to immortalize normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Introduction of the catalytic subunit of telomerase is similarly insufficient to achieve immortalization. However, concurrent disruption of p53 expression with small interfering RNA retroviral constructs and ectopic expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase was sufficient to induce cellular immortalization in 3 of 3 human ovarian surface epithelial cell cultures tested. The immortalization is associated with increased telomerase activity and telomere length, and attenuated response of cell-cycle regulatory proteins to irradiation. The resultant immortal cells continued to express the same specific cytokeratins 8 and 18 as parental cells did, indicating that the epithelial characters are still maintained in the immortal cells. In addition, the immortalized cells are non-tumorigenic and nearly diploid, which is in constrast with one immortalized by SV40 T/t antigens and hTERT. As both p53 pathway dysfunction and activation of telomerase are commonly present in human ovarian cancer, these immortal cells provide an authetic cell model system for the study of the human ovarian cancer initiation, progression, differentiation and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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