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McEwan D, Zumbo BD, Eys MA, Beauchamp MR. The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2018; 40:60-72. [PMID: 29785860 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a questionnaire to assess the multidimensional construct of teamwork in sport and to examine various aspects of validity related to that instrument. A preliminary questionnaire was first created, and feedback on this instrument was then obtained from a sample of team-sport athletes (n = 30) and experts in sport psychology (n = 8). A modified version of the questionnaire was then completed by 607 athletes from 48 teams, and 5 multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the structural properties of data derived from this instrument. Evidence of adequate model-data fit along with measurement reliability was obtained for each of the 5 models. Taken together, the results from this research provide support for the content, substantive, and structural aspects of construct validity for data derived from the 66-item Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport.
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Sylvester BD, Jackson B, Beauchamp MR. The Effects of Variety and Novelty on Physical Activity and Healthy Nutritional Behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adms.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Ruissen GR, Rhodes RE, Crocker PRE, Beauchamp MR. Affective mental contrasting to enhance physical activity: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2018; 37:51-60. [DOI: 10.1037/hea0000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tu AW, O'Connor TM, Beauchamp MR, Hughes SO, Baranowski T, Mâsse LC. What do US and Canadian parents do to encourage or discourage physical activity among their 5-12 Year old children? BMC Public Health 2017; 17:920. [PMID: 29191203 PMCID: PMC5710093 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents have the potential to substantively influence their child’s physical activity. This study identified the parenting practices of US and Canadian parents to encourage or discourage their 5-12 year-old child’s physical activity and to examine differences in parenting practices by country, parental sex, age of child, and income. Methods The sample consisted of 134 US and Canadian parents (54.5% US; 60.4% female) recruited from a web-based panel by a polling firm. The parents answered open-ended questions about what they and other parents do to encourage or discourage their child to be active. Responses were coded using a scheme previously developed to code items used in the published literature. Coded responses were summarized by domain and dimension with differences in responses by country, parental sex, age of child, or household income assessed with a log-linear analysis. Results The 134 parents provided 649 and 397 responses to ways that parents encourage or discourage their child’s physical activity, respectively. Over 70% of responses for practices that encourage physical activity were related to structure of the environment, parental encouragement, and co-participation. The most common response was co-participation in activity with the child. Of the practices that discourage physical activity, 67% were related to structure of the environment, lack of parental control, and modeling poor behaviors. The most common response was allowing screen time. There were no differences in response by country, parental sex, child age, or household income. Conclusions Parents most often encouraged physical activity through structure and emotional support and discouraged physical activity through lack of structure and control. Understanding how parents influence their child’s physical activity may help improve intervention strategies. The current results will inform the development of a physical activity parenting practices instrument. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4918-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Tu
- Child & Family Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- Child & Family Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Quinlan A, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM. Evaluation of a physical activity intervention for new parents: protocol paper for a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:875. [PMID: 29121884 PMCID: PMC5679193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying critical life transitions in people’s physical activity behaviors may illuminate the most opportune intervention apertures for chronic disease prevention. A substantive evidence base now indicates that parenthood is one of these critical transition points for physical activity decline. This study will examine whether a brief theory-based intervention can prevent a decline in physical activity among new parents over 6 months following intervention. This study protocol represents the first dyad-based physical activity initiative in the parenthood literature involving both mothers and fathers; prior research has focused on only mothers or only fathers (albeit limited), and has shown only short-term changes in physical activity. This study will be investigating whether a theory-based physical activity intervention can maintain or improve moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity measured via accelerometry of new parents over a 6 month period following intervention compared to a control group. Methods This study is a 6-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Parents are measured at baseline (2 months postpartum) with two assessment points at 6 weeks (3.5 months postpartum) and 3 months (5 months postpartum) and a final follow-up assessment at 6 months (8 months postpartum). The content of the theory-based intervention was derived from the results of our prior longitudinal trial of new parents using an adapted theory of planned behavior framework to predict changes in physical activity. Results A total of 152 couples have been recruited to date. Sixteen couples dropped out after baseline and a total of 88 couples have completed their 6-month measures. Discussion If the intervention proves successful, couple-based physical activity promotion efforts among parents could be a promising avenue to pursue to help mitigate the declines of physical activity levels during parenthood. These findings could inform public health materials and practitioners. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health on April 19, 2014. The registration ID is NCT02290808. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Quinlan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The results from experimental studies indicate that physically active individuals remain calmer and report less anxiety after the induction of a standardized stressor. The current study extends this research to real life, and examines whether daily physical activity attenuates negative affect that occurs in response to naturally occurring daily stressors. METHOD The current study used data from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences, a sub-study of the second wave of the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS-II) of 2,022 individuals aged 33-84 questioned nightly for eight consecutive days about their general affect and affective responses to stressful events and their engagement in physical activity. RESULTS Results indicated that while negative affect is significantly elevated on days with stressful events compared to days free of events in all individuals, these effects are attenuated in those who remain physically active when compared to those who were underactive. This was also true for any day participants were physically active. Importantly, negative affect in response to any specific stressor was reduced the closer in time that the stressor occurred to the bout of exercise in underactive participants, while, in active participants, negative affect in response to any stressor remained low throughout the entire day that participants reported that they were active. CONCLUSION Given the significant mental and physical health implications of elevated affective reactivity observed in previous studies, the current study sheds further light on the importance of remaining physically active in times of stress. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - David M Almeida
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University
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O'Connor TM, Mâsse LC, Tu AW, Watts AW, Hughes SO, Beauchamp MR, Baranowski T, Pham T, Berge JM, Fiese B, Golley R, Hingle M, Kremers SPJ, Rhee KE, Skouteris H, Vaughn A. Food parenting practices for 5 to 12 year old children: a concept map analysis of parenting and nutrition experts input. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:122. [PMID: 28893273 PMCID: PMC5594481 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents are an important influence on children’s dietary intake and eating behaviors. However, the lack of a conceptual framework and inconsistent assessment of food parenting practices limits our understanding of which food parenting practices are most influential on children. The aim of this study was to develop a food parenting practice conceptual framework using systematic approaches of literature reviews and expert input. Method A previously completed systematic review of food parenting practice instruments and a qualitative study of parents informed the development of a food parenting practice item bank consisting of 3632 food parenting practice items. The original item bank was further reduced to 110 key food parenting concepts using binning and winnowing techniques. A panel of 32 experts in parenting and nutrition were invited to sort the food parenting practice concepts into categories that reflected their perceptions of a food parenting practice conceptual framework. Multi-dimensional scaling produced a point map of the sorted concepts and hierarchical cluster analysis identified potential solutions. Subjective modifications were used to identify two potential solutions, with additional feedback from the expert panel requested. Results The experts came from 8 countries and 25 participated in the sorting and 23 provided additional feedback. A parsimonious and a comprehensive concept map were developed based on the clustering of the food parenting practice constructs. The parsimonious concept map contained 7 constructs, while the comprehensive concept map contained 17 constructs and was informed by a previously published content map for food parenting practices. Most of the experts (52%) preferred the comprehensive concept map, while 35% preferred to present both solutions. Conclusion The comprehensive food parenting practice conceptual map will provide the basis for developing a calibrated Item Response Modeling (IRM) item bank that can be used with computerized adaptive testing. Such an item bank will allow for more consistency in measuring food parenting practices across studies to better assess the impact of food parenting practices on child outcomes and the effect of interventions that target parents as agents of change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0572-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew W Tu
- Child & Family Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allison W Watts
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Truc Pham
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Barbara Fiese
- Family Resilience Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Golley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research (PHRC), School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Helen Skouteris
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Vaughn
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Bredin SSD, Beauchamp MR, Maddison R, Warburton DER. Stationary cycling exergame use among inactive children in the family home: a randomized trial. J Behav Med 2017. [PMID: 28631101 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exergames may be one way to increase child physical activity, but long term adherence has seen little research attention. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of an exergame bike in comparison to a stationary bike in front of a TV across 3-months within a family home environment among children aged 10-14 years old. Seventy-three inactive children were recruited through advertisements and randomized to either the exergame condition (n = 39) or the standard bike condition (n = 34). Weekly bike use was recorded in a log-book. Both groups declined in bike use over time (t = 3.921, p < .01). Although the exergame group reported higher use (t = 2.0045, p < .05), this was most prominent during the first week. Overall, these results do not support exergames as a standalone physical activity intervention, and suggest that short duration examinations of exergames may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3010, STN CSC, Victoria, B.C., V8W 3N4, Canada.
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Mâsse LC, O’Connor TM, Tu AW, Hughes SO, Beauchamp MR, Baranowski T. Conceptualizing physical activity parenting practices using expert informed concept mapping analysis. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:574. [PMID: 28615050 PMCID: PMC5471850 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents are widely recognized as playing a central role in the development of child behaviors such as physical activity. As there is little agreement as to the dimensions of physical activity-related parenting practices that should be measured or how they should be operationalized, this study engaged experts to develop an integrated conceptual framework for assessing parenting practices that influence multiple aspects of 5 to 12 year old children's participation in physical activity. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform the development of an item bank (repository of calibrated items) aimed at measuring physical activity parenting practices. METHODS Twenty four experts from 6 countries (Australia, Canada, England, Scotland, the Netherlands, & United States (US)) sorted 77 physical activity parenting practice concepts identified from our previously published synthesis of the literature (74 measures) and survey of Canadian and US parents. Concept Mapping software was used to conduct the multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis and a cluster analysis of the MDS solution of the Expert's sorting which was qualitatively reviewed and commented on by the Experts. RESULTS The conceptual framework includes 12 constructs which are presented using three main domains of parenting practices (neglect/control, autonomy support, and structure). The neglect/control domain includes two constructs: permissive and pressuring parenting practices. The autonomy supportive domain includes four constructs: encouragement, guided choice, involvement in child physical activities, and praises/rewards for their child's physical activity. Finally, the structure domain includes six constructs: co-participation, expectations, facilitation, modeling, monitoring, and restricting physical activity for safety or academic concerns. CONCLUSION The concept mapping analysis provided a useful process to engage experts in re-conceptualizing physical activity parenting practices and identified key constructs to include in measures of physical activity parenting. While the constructs identified ought to be included in measures of physical activity parenting practices, it will be important to collect data among parents to further validate the content of these constructs. In conclusion, the method provided a roadmap for developing an item bank that captures key facets of physical activity parenting and ultimately serves to standardize how we operationalize measures of physical activity parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Mâsse
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, F508-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4 Canada
| | - Teresia M. O’Connor
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CNRC-2034 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Andrew W. Tu
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, F508-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4 Canada
| | - Sheryl O. Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CNRC-2034 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, Rm 122 War Memorial Gymnasium, 6081 University Boulevard Vancouver, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CNRC-2034 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Physical Activity Parenting Expert Group
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, F508-4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4 Canada
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CNRC-2034 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- University of British Columbia, Rm 122 War Memorial Gymnasium, 6081 University Boulevard Vancouver, Vancouver, BC Canada
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Beauchamp MR, McEwan D, Waldhauser KJ. Team building: conceptual, methodological, and applied considerations. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 16:114-117. [PMID: 28813332 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Team building has been identified as an important method of improving the psychological climate in which teams operate, as well as overall team functioning. Within the context of sports, team building interventions have consistently been found to result in improvements in team effectiveness. In this paper we review the extant literature on team building in sport, and address a range of conceptual, methodological, and applied considerations that have the potential to advance theory, research, and applied intervention initiatives within the field. This involves expanding the scope of team building strategies that have, to date, primarily focused on developing group cohesion.
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Nathan N, Sutherland R, Beauchamp MR, Cohen K, Hulteen RM, Babic M, Wolfenden L, Lubans DR. Feasibility and efficacy of the Great Leaders Active StudentS (GLASS) program on children's physical activity and object control skill competency: A non-randomised trial. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 20:1081-1086. [PMID: 28487140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of the Great Leaders Active StudentS (GLASS) program, a school-based peer-led physical activity and object control skill intervention. DESIGN The study employed a quasi-experimental design. METHODS The study was conducted in two elementary schools, one intervention and one comparison, in Newcastle, New South Wales (NSW), Australia from April to June 2015 (N=224 students). Peer leaders (n=20) in the intervention school received training to deliver two 30-min object control skill sessions per week to students in Kindergarten, Grades 1 and 2 (5-8 years, n=83) over one school term (10 weeks). The primary outcome was pedometer assessed physical activity during school hours. Secondary outcomes included students' object control skill competency and peers' leadership self-efficacy and teacher ratings of peers' leadership skills. RESULTS Almost all (19/20) GLASS sessions were delivered by peer leaders who reported high acceptability of the program. The treatment-by-time interaction for students' physical activity during school hours was not significant (p=0.313). The intervention effect on students' overall object control skills was statistically significant (mean difference 5.8 (95% CI 4.1, 7.4; p<0.001)). Teacher-rated peer leadership significantly improved (0.70; 95% CI 0.38-1.01); p<.001)). CONCLUSIONS The GLASS program was found to be both feasible and acceptable. The intervention also resulted in improvements in students' overall object control skills as well as teacher-rated peers' leadership behaviours. Future fully powered trials using peer leaders to deliver fundamental movement skill (FMS) programs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, Faculty of Education & Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ryan M Hulteen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, Faculty of Education & Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark Babic
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, Faculty of Education & Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity & Nutrition, Faculty of Education & Arts, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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Lubans DR, Lonsdale C, Cohen K, Eather N, Beauchamp MR, Morgan PJ, Sylvester BD, Smith JJ. Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: rationale and description of the 'SAAFE' teaching principles. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 28231794 PMCID: PMC5324233 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic burden of inactivity is substantial, with conservative estimates suggesting the global cost to health care systems is more than US$50 billion. School-based programs, including physical education and school sport, have been recommended as important components of a multi-sector, multi-system approach to address physical inactivity. Additionally, community sporting clubs and after-school programs (ASPs) offer further opportunities for young people to be physically active outside of school. Despite demonstrating promise, current evidence suggests school-based physical activity programs, community sporting clubs and ASPs are not achieving their full potential. For example, physical activity levels in physical education (PE) and ASP sessions are typically much lower than recommended. For these sessions to have the strongest effects on young people's physical activity levels and their on-going physical literacy, they need to improve in quality and should be highly active and engaging. This paper presents the Supportive, Active, Autonomous, Fair, Enjoyable (SAAFE) principles, which represent an evidence-based framework designed to guide the planning, delivery and evaluation of organized physical activity sessions in school, community sport and ASPs. In this paper we provide a narrative and integrative review of the conceptual and empirical bases that underpin this framework and highlight implications for knowledge translation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW Australia
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW Australia
| | - Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW Australia
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Philip J. Morgan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW Australia
| | - Benjamin D. Sylvester
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW Australia
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McEwan D, Ruissen GR, Eys MA, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. The Effectiveness of Teamwork Training on Teamwork Behaviors and Team Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Interventions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169604. [PMID: 28085922 PMCID: PMC5234826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of teamwork interventions that were carried out with the purpose of improving teamwork and team performance, using controlled experimental designs. A literature search returned 16,849 unique articles. The meta-analysis was ultimately conducted on 51 articles, comprising 72 (k) unique interventions, 194 effect sizes, and 8439 participants, using a random effects model. Positive and significant medium-sized effects were found for teamwork interventions on both teamwork and team performance. Moderator analyses were also conducted, which generally revealed positive and significant effects with respect to several sample, intervention, and measurement characteristics. Implications for effective teamwork interventions as well as considerations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond McEwan
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geralyn R. Ruissen
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark A. Eys
- Departments of Kinesiology/Physical Education and Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruno D. Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Beauchamp MR, McEwan D. Response Processes and Measurement Validity in Health Psychology. Understanding and Investigating Response Processes in Validation Research 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56129-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
In spite of the well-known benefits of physical activity, the vast majority of children in North America do not meet current international guidelines for accumulating sufficient health-enhancing physical activity. Indeed, despite considerable attention to this population health crisis, the current prevalence of inactivity, along with its concomitant health consequences, shows little sign of abating. In this paper, we identify acknowledged barriers to wide scale physical activity adoption and maintenance at the population level among children and propose a viable tripartite framework (albeit one that would require political support) that we hope will provide the basis for debate and implementation. We emphasize that each of these considerations, in isolation, would be insufficient to substantively address the problem, but when combined would ensure that all elementary school children (without any medical contraindication) are sufficiently active, rather than the minority of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, War Memorial Gym, 122 - 6081 University Blvd., Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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66
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Abstract
The relationships between leadership behaviors and athletes’ perceptions of role ambiguity were investigated within interdependent team sports. Early to midway through their respective seasons, the degree to which coaches engaged in training and instruction and positive feedback behaviors was investigated in relation to athletes’ subsequent perceptions of multi-dimensional role ambiguity. For nonstarters, coaches’ training and instruction accounted for significant variation in offensive and defensive role consequences ambiguity as well as offensive role evaluation ambiguity. However, for starters, neither of the leadership dimensions assessed in this study could explain significant variance in any of the role ambiguity dimensions. Results are discussed in terms of theory development and further research investigating possible antecedents of multidimensional role ambiguity.
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine athletes’perceptions of the sources of role ambiguity in interactive sport teams. Athletes (N = 151; 97 females and 54 males) were asked to identify why ambiguity might exist in relation to the scope of their role responsibilities, the behaviors necessary to fulfill those responsibilities, the evaluation of their role performance, and the consequences of not successfully fulfilling their role responsibilities. Results revealed an extensive set of possible sources for each dimension of role ambiguity that emerged from the responses that included factors associated with the role sender (e.g., coach), the focal person (e.g., the athlete), and the situation. The types and frequency of factors differed among the various dimensions of ambiguity thereby lending support to the necessity of considering role ambiguity in sport as a multidimensional construct. The relevance of the results to sport and future intervention research is discussed.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of role ambiguity and role conflict within interdependent sport teams from a multidimensional perspective. Role ambiguity and role conflict corresponding to offensive and defensive functions were assessed in relation to role-related efficacy beliefs as well as starting status. Results of a principal components analysis supported the multidimensionality of role ambiguity but indicated that role conflict was unidimensional with regard to offensive and defensive role functions. Consistent with self-efficacy theory (discussed by Bandura in 1997), role ambiguity was negatively associated with role-related efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, consistent with theorizing by Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn, Snoek, and Rosenthal in 1964, a negative relationship between role conflict and role-related efficacy was mediated by role ambiguity. Nonstarters reported greater role ambiguity than starters; however, no differences were observed with regard to role conflict. The findings have implications for the future study of role ambiguity as a multidimensional construct and the relationship between role ambiguity and performance.
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Carleton EL, Barling J, Christie AM, Trivisonno M, Tulloch K, Beauchamp MR. Scarred for the Rest of My Career? Career-Long Effects of Abusive Leadership on Professional Athlete Aggression and Task Performance. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2016; 38:409-422. [PMID: 27634106 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2015-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the contention that leadership has sustained effects on followers even after the leader-follower relationship has ended, we investigated the career-long effects of abusive coach leadership on athlete aggression and task performance. Abusive leadership scores were derived from ratings by two independent raters' evaluations of coaches' biographies, and athlete aggression and task performance data were derived from objective sources. Data were obtained from players (N = 693) and coaches (N = 57) involved in the National Basketball Association (NBA) between the 2000-2001 and 2005-2006 seasons. Controlling for tenure, salary, team winning percentage, and absence due to injuries, multilevel modeling showed that exposure to abusive leadership influenced both the trajectory of psychological aggression and task performance over players' careers. These findings suggest that the effects of abusive leadership extend far longer than currently acknowledged, thus furthering our understanding of the nature and effects of abusive leadership.
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O'Connor TM, Pham T, Watts AW, Tu AW, Hughes SO, Beauchamp MR, Baranowski T, Mâsse LC. Development of an item bank for food parenting practices based on published instruments and reports from Canadian and US parents. Appetite 2016; 103:386-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dowd AJ, Chen MY, Schmader T, Jung ME, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. Psychosocial predictors of changes in adolescent girls' physical activity and dietary behaviors over the course of the Go Girls! group-based mentoring program. Health Educ Res 2016; 31:478-491. [PMID: 27325620 PMCID: PMC4945855 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in social cognitions targeted within a group-based mentoring program for adolescent girls were examined as predictors of changes in physical activity (PA) and dietary behavior (in two separate models) over the course of the 7-week program. Data were collected from 310 participants who participated in the program. Multilevel path models were used to assess changes in psychosocial variables predicting changes in behavioral outcomes from pre- to post-program. Analyses revealed that 24.4 and 12.3% of the variance in increases in PA and dietary behavior, respectively, was explained by increases in affective and instrumental attitudes, self-regulatory efficacy (SRE), and intentions. Increases in intentions partially mediated the effects of increases in SRE and affective attitudes on increases in PA behavior. In relation to improvements in dietary behavior, increases in intentions and SRE directly predicted improvements in dietary behavior. These findings suggest potential psychological mechanisms through which a group-based mentoring program may lead to changes in adolescent girls' health-enhancing PA and dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Y Chen
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia at Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sylvester BD, Lubans DR, Eather N, Standage M, Wolf SA, McEwan D, Ruissen GR, Kaulius M, Crocker PRE, Beauchamp MR. Effects of Variety Support on Exercise-Related Well-Being. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2016; 8:213-31. [PMID: 27097736 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine the extent to which variety support in a resistance exercise program influences exercise-related well-being among inactive adults. METHODS A sample of 121 inactive university students were randomly assigned and participated in either a high or low variety support 6-week exercise program. Measures of exercise-related perceived variety, positive affect, negative affect, and subjective vitality were completed at baseline, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks (i.e. post-test). RESULTS Through use of structural equation modelling, the results showed that for those who completed measures at post-test (i.e. n = 55), and for all participants who received variety support (i.e. a modified intention-to-treat analysis; N = 121), exercise-related variety support indirectly explained higher levels of exercise-related positive affect, and subjective vitality, and lower levels of negative affect, through the mediating role of perceived variety. CONCLUSIONS The provision of variety support in a resistance exercise program influences exercise-related well-being through perceptions of variety. Results are discussed in relation to the potential utility of providing variety support to promote exercise-related well-being in people who are physically inactive.
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Lubans DR, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Beauchamp MR, Miller A, Lonsdale C, Parker P, Dally K. Mediators of Psychological Well-being in Adolescent Boys. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:230-6. [PMID: 26699231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the effect of the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) intervention on psychological well-being in adolescent boys and to examine the potential mediating mechanisms that might explain this effect. METHODS ATLAS was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial in 14 secondary schools located in low-income communities (N = 361 adolescent boys, mean age = 12.7 ± .5 years). The 20-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory and involved: professional development for teachers, provision of fitness equipment to schools, enhanced school sport sessions, researcher-led seminars, a smartphone application, and parental strategies for reducing screen time. Assessments were conducted at baseline and immediately post intervention (8 months). Psychological well-being was measured using the Flourishing Scale. Motivational regulations (intrinsic, identified, introjected, controlled, and amotivation) and basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) in school sport, muscular fitness, resistance training skill competency, and recreational screen time were examined as potential mediating mechanisms of the intervention effect. RESULTS The intervention effect on well-being was small but statistically significant. Within a multiple mediator model, changes in autonomy needs satisfaction, recreational screen time, and muscular fitness significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the physical health benefits, targeted physical activity programs for adolescent boys may have utility for mental health promotion through the mechanisms of increasing autonomy support and muscular fitness and reducing screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Miller
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry Dally
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Education and Arts, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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75
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Beauchamp MR, Scarlett LJ, Ruissen GR, Connelly CE, McBride CB, Casemore S, Martin Ginis KA. Peer mentoring of adults with spinal cord injury: a transformational leadership perspective. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 38:1884-92. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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76
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McEwan D, Harden SM, Zumbo BD, Sylvester BD, Kaulius M, Ruissen GR, Dowd AJ, Beauchamp MR. The effectiveness of multi-component goal setting interventions for changing physical activity behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2015; 10:67-88. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2015.1104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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77
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Harden SM, McEwan D, Sylvester BD, Kaulius M, Ruissen G, Burke SM, Estabrooks PA, Beauchamp MR. Understanding for whom, under what conditions, and how group-based physical activity interventions are successful: a realist review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:958. [PMID: 26404722 PMCID: PMC4582831 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participation in group-based physical activity (GBPA) interventions has been found to result in higher levels of exercise adherence and program compliance. However, previous reviews of GBPA programs have provided limited insight regarding ‘for whom’, ‘under what conditions’, and ‘how’ these interventions increase physical activity behavior. Methods A realist review was conducted by following the seven recommended iterative and overlapping steps (J Health Serv Res Policy 10S1:21-34, 2005). The review was limited to group dynamics-based interventions for adults (>17 years of age). The search was conducted in PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science search engines associated with the Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, and MEDLINE. Results Using a realist review approach, data from 52 studies were synthesized. Of those, 92 % (n = 48) reported significant increases in participant physical activity. The synthesis resulted in three main observations and recommendations. Discussion GBPA interventions have worked for a variety of populations, including those who are hard to reach; however, more research is needed on moderating factors to determine for whom different GBPA programs may be effective. Second, previous interventions have varied in the duration, frequency, and number of group-based strategies used, and comparative effectiveness research may be necessary to isolate the mechanisms of effect. Third, these interventions have been conducted in a diverse range of settings, using a variety of research designs and analytical approaches. Less information is known about the costs or sustainability of these programs in their intended settings. Conclusion The results of this realist review have important implications for practice, refining trial designs, and replication across diverse populations and settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2270-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harden
- Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Dr., Room 1009, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA. .,University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
| | - Desmond McEwan
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Sylvester
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
| | - Megan Kaulius
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
| | - Geralyn Ruissen
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
| | - Shauna M Burke
- School of Health Studies, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, Room 216, HSB, London, ON, N6A 3 K7, USA.
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Family and Community Medicine, Carilion Clinic, 1 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of a healthy lifestyle program for adolescent girls, entitled Go Girls!, from the perspective of program mentors. Mentors were queried with regard to program processes and attributes as well as changes in the adolescent girls' behaviors and cognitions as a result of participation in the program. METHODS Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 9 Go Girls! mentors. RESULTS Seven themes inductively emerged from the data with descriptive categories that related to positive appraisals of the program, perceptions of the program mandate, experience with the program, suggested program adaptations, challenges in program delivery, characteristics of mentorship, and changes in attitudes and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide preliminary support for the feasibility and enjoyment of delivering the Go Girls! group-based mentoring program as well as observations related to program effectiveness and potential areas for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- University of Calgary, Department of Kinesiology, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Samantha M Harden
- Virginia Tech University, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Beauchamp MR, Harden SM, Wolf SA, Rhodes RE, Liu Y, Dunlop WL, Schmader T, Sheel AW, Zumbo BD, Estabrooks PA. GrOup based physical Activity for oLder adults (GOAL) randomized controlled trial: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:592. [PMID: 26116237 PMCID: PMC4483226 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has health benefits across the lifespan, yet only 13 % of Canadian older adults are sufficiently active. Results from a number of observational studies indicate that adults display positive preferences for exercising with others of a similar age and same gender, and that intra-group age- and gender-similarity are associated with elevated exercise adherence. However, research has yet to experimentally examine the extent to which intra-group age- and gender-related similarity affect exercise adherence behaviors. METHODS/DESIGN The GrOup-based physical Activity for oLder adults (GOAL) trial is a three-arm randomized control trial that will examine the efficacy of two different group-based exercise programs for older adults (informed by the tenets of self-categorization theory) in relation to a standard group-based exercise program. Within this manuscript we outline the design and proposed evaluation of the GOAL trial. The first arm is comprised of exercise groups made up of participants of a similar-age and of the same gender; the second arm consists of groups with similar-aged mixed gender participants; the control arm is comprised of mixed-aged mixed gender participants. We aim to compare the adherence rates of participants across conditions, as well as potential moderation effects and mediating mechanisms. DISCUSSION Results from this trial will inform intervention designs to improve the exercise adherence behaviors of older adult. At a systems-level, should support be derived for the efficacy of the interventions tested in this trial, changing group composition (i.e., age, gender) represents a feasible program adaptation for physical activity centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT02023632 . Registered December 13, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Samantha M Harden
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Svenja A Wolf
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Health and Physical Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - William L Dunlop
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Andrew W Sheel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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Dowd AJ, Chen MY, Jung ME, Beauchamp MR. "Go Girls!": psychological and behavioral outcomes associated with a group-based healthy lifestyle program for adolescent girls. Transl Behav Med 2015; 5:77-86. [PMID: 25729456 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-014-0285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess changes in adolescent girls' health-enhancing cognitions and behaviors targeted by the Go Girls! group-based mentorship lifestyle program. Three hundred and ten adolescent girls (nested within 40 Go Girls! groups) completed questionnaires that assessed cognitions (attitudes, self-regulatory efficacy, and intentions) and behaviors (physical activity and dietary) at four time points (two pre-program, one at the end of the program, and one at 7-week follow-up). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine changes in the outcome variables among Go Girls! participants (M age = 11.68 years, SD = 0.80). No significant changes occurred in the outcome variables during the baseline comparison period (Time 1-2). When compared to the average of the baseline assessments, 7 weeks after completing the program, girls reported significant improvements in physical activity (M Baseline PAtotal = 3.82, SD = 3.49; M T4 PAtotal = 4.38, SD = 3.75) and healthy eating (M Baseline = 10.71, SD = 1.13; M T4 = 11.35, SD = 1.05) behavior and related cognitions (d values ≥0.65). Findings provide preliminary support for programs that foster belongingness and target health behaviors through mentorship models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Michelle Y Chen
- Department of Measurement, Evaluation, and Research Methodology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia at Okanagan, Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6T 1Z1
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81
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experience of being in the Go Girls! program from the perspective of its participants. METHODS Drawing from a social constructivist approach, this study consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 purposively sampled Go Girls! participants. RESULTS The results provided evidence for the emergence of 2 higher-order themes that subsume 7 lower-order themes and 27 categories that relate to the general components of the program and program outcomes associated with participating in the program. CONCLUSIONS Participants in the Go Girls! program reported enjoying the program, experiencing changes in important health-enhancing cognitions and behaviors and developing meaningful relationships with program mentors and other program participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Samantha M Harden
- Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- Associate Professor, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jung ME, Bourne JE, Beauchamp MR, Robinson E, Little JP. High-intensity interval training as an efficacious alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for adults with prediabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:191595. [PMID: 25918728 PMCID: PMC4396724 DOI: 10.1155/2015/191595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS High-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to improvements in various markers of cardiometabolic health but adherence to HIIT following a supervised laboratory intervention has yet to be tested. We compared self-report and objective measures of physical activity after one month of independent exercise in individuals with prediabetes who were randomized to HIIT (n = 15) or traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, n = 17). METHOD After completing 10 sessions of supervised training participants were asked to perform HIIT or MICT three times per week for four weeks. RESULTS Individuals in HIIT (89 ± 11%) adhered to their prescribed protocol to a greater extent than individuals in MICT (71 ± 31%) as determined by training logs completed over one-month follow-up (P = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.75). Minutes spent in vigorous physical activity per week measured by accelerometer were higher in HIIT (24 ± 18) as compared to MICT (11 ± 10) at one-month follow-up (P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 0.92). Cardiorespiratory fitness and systolic blood pressure assessed at one-month follow-up were equally improved (P's < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that individuals with prediabetes can adhere to HIIT over the short-term and do so at a level that is greater than MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7
- *Mary E. Jung:
| | - Jessica E. Bourne
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Emily Robinson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7
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Sylvester BD, Standage M, Ark TK, Sweet SN, Crocker PR, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. Is variety a spice of (an active) life?: perceived variety, exercise behavior, and the mediating role of autonomous motivation. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2014; 36:516-527. [PMID: 25356614 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2014-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether perceived variety in exercise prospectively predicts unique variance in exercise behavior when examined alongside satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs (for competence, relatedness, and autonomy) embedded within self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002), through the mediating role of autonomous and controlled motivation. A convenience sample of community adults (N = 363) completed online questionnaires twice over a 6-week period. The results of structural equation modeling showed perceived variety and satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness to be unique indirect positive predictors of exercise behavior (through autonomous motivation) 6 weeks later. In addition, satisfaction of the need for autonomy was found to negatively predict controlled motivation. Perceived variety in exercise complemented satisfaction of the needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy in predicting motivation and (indirectly) exercise behavior, and may act as a salient mechanism in the prediction of autonomous motivation and behavior in exercise settings.
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Harden SM, Beauchamp MR, Pitts BH, Nault EM, Davy BM, You W, Weiss P, Estabrooks PA. Group-based lifestyle sessions for gestational weight gain management: a mixed method approach. Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:560-9. [PMID: 24636118 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate group-based lifestyle sessions (GBLS) within prenatal care for gestational weight gain (GWG) management. METHODS In Study 1, participants attended GBLS during prenatal care visits. Participants in Study 2 attended off-site GBLS whereby care providers were asked to discuss the program with patients. Process and outcome evaluation were conducted through a mixed-methods approach. RESULTS In both pre-experimental feasibility studies, data provide preliminary support for GBLS (eg, positive care provider and patient feedback, weight gain patterns) as well as highlight areas for future research (eg, lack of GWG management discussions, preference for GBLS location). CONCLUSIONS GBLS represents a promising approach to GWG management. Future research should assess the generalizability, sustainably, and compatibility of GBLS within prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Harden
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian H Pitts
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Student, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Edith M Nault
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Wen You
- Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Patrice Weiss
- Carilion Clinic, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute, USA
| | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Carilion Clinic, Roanoke, VA, USA
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85
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Sylvester BD, Standage M, Dowd AJ, Martin LJ, Sweet SN, Beauchamp MR. Perceived variety, psychological needs satisfaction and exercise-related well-being. Psychol Health 2014; 29:1044-61. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.907900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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86
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Dowd AJ, Schmader T, Sylvester BD, Jung ME, Zumbo BD, Martin LJ, Beauchamp MR. Effects of social belonging and task framing on exercise cognitions and behavior. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2014; 36:80-92. [PMID: 24501146 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2013-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the studies presented in this paper was to examine whether the need to belong can be used to enhance exercise cognitions and behavior. Two studies examined the effectiveness of framing exercise as a means of boosting social skills (versus health benefits) for self-regulatory efficacy, exercise intentions, and (in Study 2) exercise behavior. In Study 1, inactive adults primed to feel a lack of social belonging revealed that this manipulation led to greater self-regulatory efficacy (but not exercise intentions). In Study 2, involving a sample of inactive lonely adults, all participants reported engaging in more exercise; however, those in the social skills condition also reported a greater sense of belonging than those in the health benefits comparison condition. These findings provide an important basis for developing physical activity interventions that might be particularly relevant for people at risk for feeling socially isolated or lonely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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87
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Bourne J, Liu Y, Shields CA, Jackson B, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. The relationship between transformational teaching and adolescent physical activity: The mediating roles of personal and relational efficacy beliefs. J Health Psychol 2013; 20:132-43. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105313500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which transformational teaching, exhibited by secondary school physical education teachers, predicts within-class physical activity and leisure-time physical activity among adolescents. The study used a prospective observational design and involved data collected from 874 Grade 10 adolescents ( Mage = 15.41, ( SD) = .61). Through use of structural equation modeling, the results revealed that adolescents’ perceptions of transformational teaching were positively related to within-class physical activity and leisure-time physical activity, and these effects were mediated by adolescents’ estimation of their teacher’s confidence in their abilities (i.e. relation-inferred self-efficacy) and self-efficacy beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Liu
- The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ben Jackson
- The University of Western Australia, Australia
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88
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Bruner MW, Eys MA, Beauchamp MR, Côté J. Examining the origins of team building in sport: A citation network and genealogical approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1037/a0030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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89
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Wilson AJ, Liu Y, Keith SE, Wilson AH, Kermer LE, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. Transformational teaching and child psychological needs satisfaction, motivation, and engagement in elementary school physical education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1037/a0028635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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90
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Dunlop WL, Falk CF, Beauchamp MR. How dynamic are exercise group dynamics? Examining changes in cohesion within class-based exercise programs. Health Psychol 2012; 32:1240-3. [PMID: 23106111 DOI: 10.1037/a0030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Within exercise class settings, group cohesion has consistently been found to predict adherence behaviors, and has been identified as a salient target for intervention-based initiatives. Drawing upon theorizing from the field of group dynamics, exercise class cohesion is often conceptualized as a dynamic construct that requires several classes to form and once it is formed, continues to change over time. Despite the salience of this "dynamic" contention for informing physical activity interventions, this theorizing has yet to be empirically tested. METHOD In this study a multilevel modeling framework was used to examine changes in exercise class cohesion over time. Exercisers (N = 395) completed measures of cohesion following the second, fifth, and eighth classes of their respective programs (N = 46). RESULTS Mean levels of social cohesion changed significantly over time whereas mean levels of task cohesion did not. These patterns were largely consistent across persons and groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that within group-based exercise programs social and task cohesion possesses different levels of dynamism, and that this dynamism (or lack thereof) might have important implications for future research and interventions involving physical activity groups.
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91
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Jackson B, Myers ND, Taylor IM, Beauchamp MR. Relational efficacy beliefs in physical activity classes: a test of the tripartite model. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2012; 34:285-304. [PMID: 22691395 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.34.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the predictive relationships between students' (N = 516, Mage = 18.48, SD = 3.52) tripartite efficacy beliefs and key outcomes in undergraduate physical activity classes. Students reported their relational efficacy perceptions (i.e., other-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy, or RISE) with respect to their instructor before a class, and instruments measuring self-efficacy, enjoyment, and effort were administered separately following the class. The following week, an independent observer assessed student achievement. Latent variable path analyses that accounted for nesting within classes revealed (a) that students were more confident in their own ability when they reported favorable other-efficacy and RISE appraisals, (b) a number of direct and indirect pathways through which other-efficacy and RISE predicted adaptive in-class outcomes, and (c) that self-efficacy directly predicted enjoyment and effort, and indirectly predicted achievement. Although previous studies have examined isolated aspects within the tripartite framework, this represents the first investigation to test the full range of direct and indirect pathways associated with the entire model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jackson
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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92
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Morton KL, Wilson AH, Perlmutter LS, Beauchamp MR. Family leadership styles and adolescent dietary and physical activity behaviors: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:48. [PMID: 22546151 PMCID: PMC3464672 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transformational leadership is conceptualized as a set of behaviors designed to inspire, energize and motivate others to achieve higher levels of functioning, and is associated with salient health-related outcomes in organizational settings. Given (a) the similarities that exist between leadership within organizational settings and parenting within families, and (b) the importance of the family environment in the promotion of adolescent health-enhancing behaviors, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the cross-sectional relationships between parents' transformational leadership behaviors and adolescent dietary and physical activity behaviors. METHODS 857 adolescents (aged 13-15, mean age = 14.70 yrs) completed measures of transformational parenting behaviors, healthful dietary intake and leisure-time physical activity. Regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between family transformational leadership and adolescent health outcomes. A further 'extreme group analysis' was conducted by clustering families based on quartile splits. A MANCOVA (controlling for child gender) was conducted to examine differences between families displaying (a) HIGH levels of transformational parenting (consistent HIGH TP), (b) LOW levels of transformational parenting (consistent LOW TP), and (c) inconsistent levels of transformational parenting (inconsistent HIGH-LOW TP). RESULTS Results revealed that adolescents' perceptions of family transformational parenting were associated with both healthy dietary intake and physical activity. Adolescents who perceived their families to display the highest levels of transformational parenting (HIGH TP group) displayed greater healthy eating and physical activity behaviors than adolescents who perceived their families to display the lowest levels of transformational parenting behaviors (LOW TP group). Adolescents who perceived their families to display inconsistent levels of transformational parenting behaviors (HIGH-LOW TP group) displayed the same levels of healthy eating behaviors as those adolescents from the LOW TP group. For physical activity behaviors, adolescents who perceived their families to display inconsistent levels of transformational parenting behaviors (HIGH-LOW TP group) did not differ in terms of physical activity than those in either the HIGH TP or LOW TP group. CONCLUSIONS Family transformational parenting behaviors were positively associated with both healthful dietary intake and leisure-time physical activity levels amongst adolescents. The findings suggest that transformational leadership theory is a useful framework for understanding the relationship between family leadership behaviors and adolescent health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Morton
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Alexandra H Wilson
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lisa S Perlmutter
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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93
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Dunlop WL, Beauchamp MR. The relationship between intra-group age similarity and exercise adherence. Am J Prev Med 2012; 42:53-5. [PMID: 22176846 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research within social and organizational psychology is replete with evidence for a positive relationship between intra-group demographic similarity and group-based attraction/involvement. This relationship, however, remains largely unexplored within applied health settings. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which intra-group age similarity relates to individual adherence behaviors within group-based exercise programs. METHODS A prospective observational design was used in which participants' (N=123) age similarity was assessed in relation to program adherence over a period of several months. Data were collected from within a large city in Western Canada during the winter of 2011. Analyses were performed using a multilevel framework shortly after data collection. RESULTS A positive relationship was observed between age similarity and program adherence (β=0.19, SE=0.09, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS The findings are consistent with the notion that program adherence may be enhanced if age similarity is maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Dunlop
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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94
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Dunlop WL, Beauchamp MR. En-gendering choice: preferences for exercising in gender-segregated and gender-integrated groups and consideration of overweight status. Int J Behav Med 2011; 18:216-20. [PMID: 20972657 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-010-9125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the contextual preferences that people have for engaging in a health-enhancing physical activity has been identified as particularly important, as these preferences have been implicated in the maintenance of active lifestyle behaviors. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to examine adults' preferences for exercising in both gender-segregated and gender-integrated physical activity groups. The secondary purpose was to examine whether overweight status moderates adults' preferences for gender-segregated groups relative to gender-integrated groups. METHOD Survey data were obtained from a representative sample of 772 adults (N (males) = 407; N (females) = 365) in a large city in the United Kingdom. RESULTS Males and females reported a stronger preference for exercising with members of their own gender relative to exercising in gender-integrated groups. In addition, overweight participants were found to report an accentuated relative preference for gender-segregated groups when compared to normal weight respondents. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both within-group gender composition and overweight status should be considered as salient contextual factors when attempting to implement successful group-based exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Dunlop
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1.
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95
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Morton KL, Barling J, Rhodes RE, Mâsse LC, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. The application of transformational leadership theory to parenting: questionnaire development and implications for adolescent self-regulatory efficacy and life satisfaction. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2011; 33:688-709. [PMID: 21984642 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.33.5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We draw upon transformational leadership theory to develop an instrument to measure transformational parenting for use with adolescents. First, potential items were generated that were developmentally appropriate and evidence for content validity was provided through the use of focus groups with parents and adolescents. We subsequently provide evidence for several aspects of construct validity of measures derived from the Transformational Parenting Questionnaire (TPQ). Data were collected from 857 adolescents (M(age) = 14.70 years), who rated the behaviors of their mothers and fathers. The results provided support for a second-order measurement model of transformational parenting. In addition, positive relationships between mothers' and fathers' transformational parenting behaviors, adolescents' self-regulatory efficacy for physical activity and healthy eating, and life satisfaction were found. The results of this research support the application of transformational leadership theory to parenting behaviors, as well as the construct validity of measures derived from the TPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Morton
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
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96
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Dunlop WL, Beatty DJ, Beauchamp MR. Examining the influence of other-efficacy and self-efficacy on personal performance. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2011; 33:586-593. [PMID: 21808081 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.33.4.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the relative effects of other-efficacy and self-efficacy beliefs in relation to individual performance within a cooperative dyadic setting. Pairs of female participants (M(age) = 20.08, SD = 1.93) performed three practice trials on a dyadic dance-based videogame. Other-efficacy and self-efficacy beliefs were then manipulated through the provision of bogus feedback regarding each pair member's coordination abilities. Following the administration of this feedback, pairs performed a final trial on this dance-based task. The results revealed a main effect for other-efficacy, such that participants in the enhanced other-efficacy conditions outperformed those in the inhibited other-efficacy conditions on this task. A main effect for self-efficacy was not observed. Furthermore, there was no evidence of an interaction between other-efficacy and self-efficacy. The results of this study suggest that other-efficacy may supersede the effects of self-efficacy in supporting personal performance within cooperative relational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Dunlop
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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97
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Beauchamp MR, Rhodes RE, Hua S, Morton KL, Kreutzer C, Liang JA, Khou KY, Dominelli PB, Daoud DM, Sherman MF, Dunlop WL, Sheel AW. Testing the effects of an expectancy-based intervention among adolescents: Can placebos be used to enhance physical health? PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2011; 16:405-17. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2011.554567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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98
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Abstract
The purpose of this initial predictive validity study was to determine the ability of measures derived from the Athletes' Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II - High School Teams (APCCS II-HST) to predict satisfaction with the head coach. Specification of the statistical model was informed by the mediational model of coach-athlete interactions. The technical quality of the satisfaction measure was evaluated before testing the predictive validity of the coaching competency measures. Data were collected from athletes of seven sports. Athlete observations (N = 748) were clustered within teams (G = 74). Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) provided evidence for factorial invariance of a reduced version of the satisfaction measure by athlete gender. Multi-level CFA provided evidence of model-data consistency for a reduced version of the satisfaction measure. Multi-level structural equation modelling provided evidence for the ability of latent coaching competency to positively predict latent satisfaction at both the athlete level (technique competency and motivation competency) and the team level (coaching competency) and for close model-data fit. Implications of this study include: that the APCCS II-HST should be viewed as a replacement for the Coaching Competency Scale when the intended population is appropriate; a preliminary multi-level measurement model for satisfaction with one's coach that should be considered as a potential starting point in subsequent studies; and empirical support for a key relationship proposed in the mediational model of coach-athlete interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Myers
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-2040, USA.
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99
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Beauchamp MR, Barling J, Morton KL. Transformational Teaching and Adolescent Self-Determined Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Intentions to Engage in Leisure Time Physical Activity: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-0854.2011.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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100
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Bray SR, Beauchamp MR, Latimer AE, Hoar SD, Shields CA, Bruner MW. Effects of a print-mediated intervention on physical activity during transition to the first year of university. Behav Med 2011; 37:60-9. [PMID: 21660774 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2011.571306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transition to the first year of university is linked to steep declines in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a targeted, theory-driven, print-based intervention on MVPA during transition to university. Volunteer participants from five Canadian universities (n=255) completed measures of MVPA at the start of their first semester at university and were randomly assigned to conditions receiving a first-year-student physical activity and action-planning brochure, Canada's Physical Activity Guide (CPAG), or a no-intervention control group. Six weeks later, a follow-up measure of MVPA was obtained as well as retrospective accounts of physical activity action-planning strategies and self-efficacy for scheduling physical activity. At the follow-up, students who received the targeted first-year student physical activity brochure reported significantly higher levels of MVPA compared to controls (p<.05) and a trend towards higher MVPA compared to the CPAG group (p=.06). However, there were no differences between groups on action planning or self-efficacy. A theory-driven and targeted print media intervention can offer low-cost and broad-reaching effects that may help students stay more active or curb declining levels of MVPA that occur during transition to university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Bray
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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