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Kracht CL, Blanchard CM, Symons Downs D, Beauchamp MR, Rhodes RE. New parents' sleep, movement, health, and well-being across the postpartum period. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38592976 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2339815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine changes and the bi-directional relationship in sleep and movement, and health and well-being among new parents and differences by sex. METHODS This secondary data analysis included both conditions from a randomized control trial to improve new parents'physical activity [PA] and recruited couples. Parents (n = 181, 117 couples represented 31.5 ± 4.4 years, 51.3% women, 83.3% White) completed questionnaires on regular overnight sleep duration, PA, mental health (perceived stress), physical health (physical quality of life [PQoL]), and well-being (life satisfaction) at 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-month postpartum. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were stratified by sex to examine changes in sleep and PA with health and well-being across time. RESULTS Sleep and stress were interrelated at different times for fathers (2 months), and mothers (8 months). Sleep and PQoL improved across time, with mothers reporting less sleep than fathers at 4 and 6 months. PQoL at 4 months was related to MVPA at 6-months. Life satisfaction and PA at 2 months was related to PA at 4 months. CONCLUSION Mothers and fathers experienced different sleep and stress trajectories. Mental health improved postpartum with early connections to PA. Supporting the 24-hour movement behavior cycle and mental health across the parenthood transition may benefit couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Kracht
- Clinical Sciences Division, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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O'Rourke JJ, Bundon A, Faulkner G, Cruwys T, Beauchamp MR. Street soccer and homelessness: Exploring social identities, health, and well-being. Psychol Sport Exerc 2024; 70:102529. [PMID: 37757715 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Membership in social and physical activity groups has the potential to help people with a range of physical and mental health challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of members of a unique physical activity group: people who were formerly or currently homeless participating in a street soccer program in Western Canada. Ten participants in the Vancouver Street Soccer League (VSSL) were interviewed about the extent to which this program fostered a sense of community, social connectivity, and quality of life among people with experience of homelessness. Interviews were augmented with a Social Identity Mapping activity and observations from the first author who took part in weekly practice with the VSSL for over a year. The data were analysed using thematic analysis, in which four themes were developed to reflect the findings. These included (1) Coming together through soccer, (2) Dynamics motivating continued involvement in the league, (3) Leaders and leadership: Social influence in the league, and (4) The league and health outcomes. The findings provide insight into how a street soccer program which fostered shared social identity, psychological safety, friendly competition, and social support contributed to the well-being of people impacted by homelessness, various traumas, and marginalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J O'Rourke
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Andrea Bundon
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Paterson D, Beauchamp MR, Masse LC, Moore SA, Faulkner G. "I'm going to change the WIFI password if you don't go outside!": a qualitative examination of changes in parenting practices over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1270516. [PMID: 38192375 PMCID: PMC10773578 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1270516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenting practices are an important influence on the movement behaviours of children. Parenting practices are shaped by various contextual factors (e.g., culture, sociodemographic, community) and are susceptible to external pressures, such as health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Situated within the revised Family Ecological Model, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore changes in parenting practices over time in relation to the evolving nature of this global event. Methods One-on-one semi-structured interviews with 40 parents of children (aged 7-11) in three Canadian provinces were conducted in August, 2021. A narrative thematic analysis was conducted to develop themes mapping changes in parenting practices and organize the temporal patterns of these changes into shared case trajectories over time. Results Four themes were constructed to highlight changes in parenting practices: (1) Screen time permissiveness, (2) Force and coercion, (3) Agents of unstructured physical activity, and (4) Stepping back from structured physical activity. These themes were organized into three distinct case trajectories that each represent a shared, chronological narrative for how the first 18 months of the pandemic were broadly experienced by parents. The three trajectories were characterized by: (1) Resilience (2) Enduring impact and (3) Adaptive growth. Discussion Parenting practices were changed in response to circumstances in both temporary and enduring manners that may continue beyond the pandemic. Further research is needed to longitudinally assess these trajectories in order to support families and enhance understanding of parenting practices in challenging circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Paterson
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise C. Masse
- School of Population Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Boucher VG, Haight BL, Hives BA, Zumbo BD, Merali-Dewji A, Hutton S, Liu Y, Nguyen S, Beauchamp MR, Black AT, Puterman E. Effects of 12 Weeks of At-Home, Application-Based Exercise on Health Care Workers' Depressive Symptoms, Burnout, and Absenteeism: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:1101-1109. [PMID: 37556150 PMCID: PMC10413218 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers (HCWs) reported a significant decline in their mental health. One potential health behavior intervention that has been shown to be effective for improving mental health is exercise, which may be facilitated by taking advantage of mobile application (app) technologies. Objective To determine the extent to which a 12-week app-based exercise intervention can reduce depressive symptoms, burnout, and absenteeism in HCWs, compared with a wait list control condition. Design, Setting, and Participants A 2-group randomized clinical trial was conducted, with participants screened from April 6 to July 4, 2022. Participants were recruited from an urban health care organization in British Columbia, Canada. Participants completed measures before randomization and every 2 weeks thereafter. Interventions Exercise condition participants were asked to complete four 20-minute sessions per week using a suite of body weight interval training, yoga, barre, and running apps. Wait-listed control participants received the apps at the end of the trial. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome consisted of the between-group difference in depressive symptoms measured with the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The secondary outcomes corresponded to 3 subfacets of burnout (cynicism, emotional exhaustion, and professional efficacy) and absenteeism. Intention-to-treat analyses were completed with multilevel structural equation modeling, and Feingold effect sizes (ES) were estimated every 2 weeks. Results A total of 288 participants (mean [SD] age, 41.0 [10.8] years; 246 [85.4%] women) were randomized to either exercise (n = 142) or wait list control (n = 146) conditions. Results revealed that ESs for depressive symptoms were in the small to medium range by trial's end (week 12, -0.41 [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.13]). Significant and consistent treatment effects were revealed for 2 facets of burnout, namely cynicism (week 12 ES, -0.33 [95% CI, -0.53 to -0.13]) and emotional exhaustion (week 12 ES, -0.39 [95% CI, -0.64 to -0.14]), as well as absenteeism (r = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.03-0.26]). Adherence to the 80 minutes per week of exercise decreased from 78 (54.9%) to 33 (23.2%) participants between weeks 2 and 12. Conclusions and Relevance Although exercise was able to reduce depressive symptoms among HCWs, adherence was low toward the end of the trial. Optimizing adherence to exercise programming represents an important challenge to help maintain improvements in mental health among HCWs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05271006.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brook L. Haight
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin A. Hives
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno D. Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aaliya Merali-Dewji
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stacey Hutton
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Nguyen
- Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Agnes T. Black
- Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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5
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Wierts CM, Beauchamp MR, Priebe CS, Zumbo BD, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G. Predictors of changes in running and smoking identity among individuals in the Run to Quit smoking cessation program. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 67:102431. [PMID: 37665884 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple health behaviour change is a viable strategy to promote health outcomes. An example is the use of running behaviour to support smoking cessation in the group-mediated Run to Quit program. On the basis that changes in running and smoking identity were related to changes in running and smoking behaviour among individuals in the Run to Quit program, the purpose of this study was to extend these findings by examining key predictors of change in both running and smoking identity. METHODS We analyzed data collected from 450 adult individuals (70.67% female, and 92.44% white) during the program evaluation of Run to Quit from 2016 to 2018. Participants completed assessments at week 1 (baseline), week 3 (mid-program), and week 10 (follow-up) of the program. Relevant predictor variables for change in identity were identified by drawing from theory (identity theory, identity control theory, physical activity self-definition model, social identity theory) and past research regarding exercise and smoking identity. Potential predictors of changes in running and smoking identity included changes in behaviour, self-efficacy, perceptions of the social environment (task and social cohesion, descriptive norms), as well as smoking identity and running identity, respectively. Two regression models, using residualized change scores (for each variable) and relative Pratt indices, were constructed for both running and smoking identity. RESULTS Changes in running self-efficacy, running frequency, and individual attractions to the group exercise tasks were significant and meaningful predictors of change in running identity, whereas changes in objectively measured smoking behaviour and running identity were significant and meaningful predictors of change in smoking identity. CONCLUSION Consistent with identity theories and past research, ensuring individuals develop a sense of efficacy and enjoy group exercise tasks both represent viable strategies to enhance exercise identity. Including an exercise component within smoking cessation programs may help individuals replace their existing smoking identity with a healthier exercise identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Wierts
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carly S Priebe
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Reis NA, Waldhauser KJ, Hives BA, Hulteen RM, Ruissen GR, Wierts CM, Puterman E, Liu Y, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR. Effects of older adults' social identification on psychological flourishing and exercise program adherence. Psychol Health 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37231641 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2215804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many exercise programs moved online. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which older adults' social identification with other exercise program members contributed to their psychological flourishing and exercise program adherence. METHODS The study represented a secondary analysis of data derived from the Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) Trial, in which older adults were randomized to a waitlist control condition or one of two online (personal v group) exercise programs. Only data from participants in the trial intervention conditions (N = 162; Mage = 73.52 years; SD = 5.61) were utilized in this secondary analysis. We assessed psychological flourishing and social identification at baseline and every two weeks, as well as program adherence over each 2-week block, for 12 weeks. RESULTS Based on stepwise multilevel modeling the results revealed that older adults' social identification with others in their respective exercise program had a direct effect on psychological flourishing (ΔR2Unique Marginal = 0.063, p < .001) and program adherence (ΔR2Unique Marginal = 0.014, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the value of bolstering older adults' social identification with others in an online exercise program to support adherence and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Reis
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin A Hives
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Colin M Wierts
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Buckler EJ, Faulkner GE, Beauchamp MR, Rizzardo B, DeSouza L, Puterman E. A Systematic Review of Educator-Led Physical Literacy and Activity Interventions. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:742-760. [PMID: 37085246 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early childhood is a key time for the development of physical activity behaviors and physical literacy. A growing proportion of children spend a significant portion of their daytime in early childhood education and care settings where an early childhood educator cares for them. This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42018087249) aimed to identify the differences between effective and noneffective educator-led interventions with a goal to improve physical literacy and/or physical activity in children aged 3-5 years in early childhood education and care settings. METHODS Interventions were included if they aimed to improve at least 1 physical literacy component or physical activity time in children aged 2-6 years through educator training. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, Australian Education Index, and Sport Discus were searched in March 2018 and April 2021. Risk of bias was assessed through a modified Cochrane assessment tool. RESULTS Data from 51 studies were analyzed in 2021 and 2022 and summarized narratively. Thirty-seven interventions aimed to promote physical activity, and 28 sought to promote physical literacy; 54% and 63% of these were effective, respectively. Interventions that were underpinned by theory, included ongoing support, or measured intervention fidelity were more effective, especially when all 3 were done. DISCUSSION This review was limited by a high risk of bias and inconsistency in reporting results across interventions. Reporting physical activity by minutes per hour and reporting both sub and total scores in physical literacy assessments will allow for greater cross-comparison between trials. Future training of educators should be underpinned by theory and incorporate ongoing support and objective fidelity checks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jean Buckler
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; Institute on Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Guy E Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beth Rizzardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Langara College, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liz DeSouza
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hulteen RM, Lubans DR, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G, Liu Y, Naylor PJ, Nathan N, Waldhauser KJ, Wierts CM, Beauchamp MR. Evaluation of the peer leadership for physical literacy intervention: A cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280261. [PMID: 36795739 PMCID: PMC9934439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to develop, implement, and test the efficacy of a theory-driven, evidence-informed peer leadership program for elementary school students (Grade 6 and 7; age 11-12 years) and the Grade 3/4 students with whom they were partnered. The primary outcome was teacher ratings of their Grade 6/7 students' transformational leadership behaviors. Secondary outcomes included: Grade 6/7 students' leadership self-efficacy, as well as Grade 3/4 motivation, perceived competence, general self-concept, fundamental movement skills, school-day physical activity, and program adherence, and program evaluation. METHODS We conducted a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. In 2019, 6 schools comprising 7 teachers, 132 leaders, and 227 grade 3 and 4 students were randomly allocated to the intervention or waitlist control conditions. Intervention teachers took part in a half-day workshop (January 2019), delivered 7 x 40 minute lessons to Grade 6/7 peer leaders (February and March 2019), and these peer leaders subsequently ran a ten-week physical literacy development program for Grade 3/4 students (2x30 minutes sessions per week). Waitlist-control students followed their usual routines. Assessments were conducted at baseline (January 2019) and immediately post-intervention (June 2019). RESULTS The intervention had no significant effect on teacher ratings of their students' transformational leadership (b = 0.201, p = .272) after controlling for baseline and gender. There was no significant condition effect for Grade 6/7 student rated transformation leadership (b = 0.077, p = .569) or leadership self-efficacy (b = 3.747, p = .186) while controlling for baseline and gender. There were null findings for all outcomes related to Grade 3 and 4 students. DISCUSSION Adaptions to the delivery mechanism were not effective in increasing leadership skills of older students or components of physical literacy in younger Grade 3/4 students. However, teacher self-reported adherence to the intervention delivery was high. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered on December 19th, 2018 with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03783767), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03783767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America,* E-mail:
| | - David R. Lubans
- School of Education, Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Waldhauser
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin M. Wierts
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Hartson KR, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Beauchamp MR. Affective Response to Exercise and Affective Judgments as Predictors of Physical Activity Intention and Behavior among New Mothers in their first 6-Months Postpartum. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:344-353. [PMID: 36745018 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the predictors of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during early postpartum is important to improve promotion efforts. Affect-related constructs are key predictors of MVPA but have limited research in mothers during the postpartum period. PURPOSE To examine two affect-related constructs (affective response to exercise and affective judgments) as predictors of MVPA intention and behavior across three months, among a sample of new mothers. METHODS Participants were 105 mothers (M age = 30.64 years; SD = 3.93) who completed measures during postpartum at 2-months post-birth of their first child. The affective response to exercise (assessed at baseline [2-months postpartum] during a submaximal treadmill test), affective judgments and intention (baseline, 6-weeks after baseline), and MVPA (baseline, 6- and 12-weeks after baseline) were assessed via self-report. RESULTS Path analysis, using ordinary least squares regression, showed that the affective response during exercise was a significant predictor of intention (baseline, 6-weeks), as well as change in intention from baseline to 6-weeks. By contrast, affective judgments predicted intention at 6-weeks, but not at baseline or in the change model. Past MVPA did not moderate these findings, although the affective response during exercise also had a significant indirect effect on MVPA through intention at 6-weeks and 12-weeks. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting women's affective response during exercise may be important during postpartum, perhaps through self-paced physical activity guidance. Affective judgments may not be predictive of MVPA, in part due to unanticipated changes during early postpartum leading to inaccurate expectations of the physical activity experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Departments of Kinesiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology (Faculty of Education), Vancouver, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program (Faculty of Medicine), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology (Faculty of Education), Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Wade L, Beauchamp MR, Nathan N, Smith JJ, Leahy AA, Kennedy SG, Boyer J, Bao R, Diallo TMO, Vidal-Conti J, Lubans DR. Investigating the direct and indirect effects of a school-based leadership program for primary school students: Rationale and study protocol for the 'Learning to Lead' cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279661. [PMID: 36662842 PMCID: PMC9858303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leadership is a valuable skill that can be taught in school, and which may have benefits within and beyond the classroom. Learning to Lead (L2L) is a student-led, primary school-based leadership program whereby older 'peer leaders' deliver a fundamental movement skills (FMS) program to younger 'peers' within their own school. AIM The aims of the study are to determine the efficacy of a peer-led FMS intervention on: (i) peer leaders' (aged 10 to 12 years) leadership effectiveness (primary outcome), leadership self-efficacy, well-being, and time on-task in the classroom; (ii) peers' (aged 8 to 10 years) physical activity levels, actual and perceived FMS competency, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular power, and executive functioning; and (iii) teachers' (referred to as 'school champions') work-related stress and well-being. METHOD L2L will be evaluated using a two-arm parallel group cluster randomised controlled trial. Twenty schools located within a two-hour drive of the University of Newcastle, Australia will be recruited. We will recruit 80 students (40 peer leaders and 40 peers) from each school (N = 1,600). L2L will be implemented in three phases: Phase 1 -school champions' training via a professional learning workshop; Phase 2 -school champions' delivery of leadership lessons to the peer leaders; and Phase 3 -peer leaders' delivery of the FMS program to their younger peers. The FMS program, consisting of 12 x 30-minute lessons, will be delivered over the course of one school term (10 weeks). Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline (between mid-March to June, Terms 1 and 2), intervention end (mid-August to September, Term 3), and follow-up (November to mid-December, Term 4. This trial was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR); registration number: ACTRN12621000376842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Wade
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angus A. Leahy
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah G. Kennedy
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Boyer
- New South Wales Department of Education, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thierno M. O. Diallo
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David R. Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Human and Social Futures, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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11
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Abstract
A considerable amount of human behavior occurs within the context of sports. In recent years there have been notable advances in psychological science research applied to understanding athletic endeavor. This work has utilized a number of novel theoretical, methodological, and data analytic approaches. We review the current evidence related to developmental considerations, intrapersonal athlete factors, group processes, and the role of the coach in explaining how athletes function within the sport domain. This body of work sheds light on the diverse ways in which psychological processes contribute to athletic strivings. It also has the potential to spark interest in domains of psychology concerned with achievement as well as to encourage cross-domain fertilization of ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
| | - Alan Kingstone
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Danish Centre for Motivation and Behaviour Science, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark;
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12
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Wade L, Leahy AA, Babic MJ, Beauchamp MR, Smith JJ, Kennedy SG, Boyer J, Nathan N, Robinson K, Lubans DR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the benefits of school-based, peer-led interventions for leaders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21222. [PMID: 36481781 PMCID: PMC9732042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantitatively synthesise the effects of school-based peer-led interventions on leaders' academic, psychosocial, behavioural, and physical outcomes. Eligible studies were those that: (i) evaluated a school-based peer-led intervention using an experimental or quasi-experimental study design, (ii) included an age-matched control or comparison group, and (iii) evaluated the impact of the intervention on one or more leader outcomes. Medline, Sportdiscus, Psychinfo, Embase, and Scopus online databases were searched on the 24th of October, 2022 which yielded 13,572 results, with 31 included in the narrative synthesis and 12 in the meta-analysis. We found large positive effects for leaders' attitudes toward bullying (d = 1.02), small-to-medium positive effects for leaders' literacy (d = 0.39), and small positive effects for leaders' self-esteem (d = 0.18). There were mixed findings for behavioural outcomes and null effects for physical outcomes. Notable limitations of this research are the inclusion of a relatively small number of studies, and high heterogeneity in those included. Our findings have the potential to inform educational practice, but also highlight the need for further research examining the mechanisms that might account for the observed effects. Our systematic review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021273129).
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Wade
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Angus A. Leahy
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Mark J. Babic
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Sarah G. Kennedy
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW Australia
| | - James Boyer
- grid.461941.f0000 0001 0703 8464New South Wales Department of Education, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Nicole Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW Australia ,grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.c Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Katie Robinson
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.c Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965 Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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13
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Ruissen GR, Zumbo BD, Rhodes RE, Puterman E, Beauchamp MR. Analysis of dynamic psychological processes to understand and promote physical activity behaviour using intensive longitudinal methods: a primer. Health Psychol Rev 2022; 16:492-525. [PMID: 34643154 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1987953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity behaviour displays temporal variability, and is influenced by a range of dynamic psychological processes (e.g., affect) and shaped by various co-occurring events (e.g., social/environmental factors, interpersonal dynamics). Yet, most physical activity research tends not to examine the dynamic psychological processes implicated in adopting and maintaining physical activity. Intensive longitudinal methods (ILM) represent one particularly salient means of studying the complex psychological dynamics that underlie and result from physical activity behaviour. With the increased recent interest in using intensive longitudinal data to understand specific dynamic psychological processes, the field of exercise and health psychology is well-positioned to draw from state-of-the-art measurement and statistical approaches that have been developed and operationalised in other fields of enquiry. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of some of the fundamental dynamic measurement and modelling approaches applicable to the study of physical activity behaviour change, as well as the dynamic psychological processes that contribute to such change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralyn R Ruissen
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Wierts CM, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. Psychological needs and exercise behaviour: a comparison of two psychological needs models. Psychol Health 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36356310 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2141484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological need satisfaction, from a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective, has been applied extensively to understand predictors of exercise behaviour. Dweck proposed a psychological needs framework that includes basic needs (optimal predictability, competence, acceptance), compound needs derived from combinations of basic needs (self-esteem/status, trust, control), and a superordinate compound need for self-coherence that includes identity and meaning. The purpose was to examine whether psychological needs operationalized within Dweck's model account for variance in exercise behaviour in ways that the SDT model does not. METHODS AND MEASURES A community sample of 403 adults completed measures of demographics, psychological needs, and exercise motivation at Time 1, and self-reported moderate-to-vigorous minutes of exercise at both Times 1 and 2 four weeks later. RESULTS Two structural equation models operationalizing Dweck's needs framework and SDT (basic needs and motivation) were examined in relation to exercise behaviour. In both models, exercise identity and integrated regulation (conceptually similar) were the most salient correlates of prospectively measured exercise behaviour, and both accounted for the relationship between competence and exercise behaviour. CONCLUSION The results support the importance of identity in the context of exercise behaviour. Future research should investigate factors associated with adopting and maintaining an exercise identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Wierts
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Budden T, Dimmock JA, Rosenberg M, Beauchamp MR, Fitzpatrick I, Jackson B. MAN v FAT Soccer: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Efficacy of a Sport-Based Weight-Loss Intervention for Overweight and Obese Men in Australia. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 44:359-369. [PMID: 36049750 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MAN v FAT Soccer is a sport-based weight-loss program for overweight and obese men that originated in the United Kingdom (i.e., as MAN v FAT Football) and appears to successfully engage men with weight loss. We sought to explore whether the program would work in an Australian context by (a) establishing a foundation for the implementation of the program on a larger scale and (b) determining how large-scale implementation is most feasible. We conducted a nonrandomized, single intervention group feasibility trial of MAN v FAT Soccer in Australia with 418 male participants with a body mass index greater than 27.50 kg/m2. Results indicate that the program is acceptable, with participants reporting positive perceptions of the various components of the program and a high proportion reporting intentions to recommend the program to others (95.9%). Furthermore, preliminary effectiveness results indicate positive changes in weight (4.6% reduction) and physical activity (88.5% increase) and improvements in psychological outcomes such as depression (17.6% decrease), stress (19.0% decrease), and body appreciation (19.1% increase). Our findings provide general support for the feasibility of MAN v FAT Soccer and the notion that leveraging competition and masculinity may help drive men's health behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA,Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA,Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA,Australia
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD,Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA,Australia
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Ian Fitzpatrick
- UWA Sport, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA,Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA,Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA,Australia
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16
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Putter KC, Jackson B, Thornton AL, Willis CE, Goh KMB, Beauchamp MR, Benjanuvatra N, Dimmock JA, Budden T. Perceptions of a family-based lifestyle intervention for children with overweight and obesity: a qualitative study on sustainability, self-regulation, and program optimization. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1534. [PMID: 35953799 PMCID: PMC9373481 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family-based lifestyle interventions (FBLIs) are an important method for treating childhood weight problems. Despite being recognized as an effective intervention method, the optimal structure of these interventions for children's overweight and obesity has yet to be determined. Our aim was to better understand participants' (a) implementation of behaviour strategies and long-term outcomes, (b) perceptions regarding the optimal structure of FBLIs, and (c) insights into psychological concepts that may explain the success of these programs. METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. We conducted focus groups as well as one-to-one interviews with parents (n = 53) and children (n = 50; aged 7-13, M = 9.4 yr, SD = 3.1) three months following their involvement in a 10-week, multi-component, FBLI involving education and activities relating to healthy nutrition, physical activity, and behavior modification. Using an interpretivist approach, a qualitative study design was employed to examine participant experiences. RESULTS We identified three higher-order categories: (a) participants' program experiences and perceptions (b) lifestyle changes post-program, and (c) recommendations for optimizing family-based programs. Themes identified within these categories included (a) support and structure & content, (b) diet and physical activity, and (c) in-program recommendations and post-program recommendations. CONCLUSIONS We identified several challenges that can impair lasting behavior change (e.g., physical activity participation) following involvement in a FBLI. On optimizing these programs, participants emphasized fun, interactive content, interpersonal support, appropriate educational content, and behavior change techniques. Concepts rooted in motivational theory could help address calls for greater theoretical and mechanistic insight in FBLIs. Findings may support research advancement and assist health professionals to more consistently realize the potential of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila C Putter
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L Thornton
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western, Perth, Australia.,Kids Rehab WA, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Claire E Willis
- Sports & Exercise Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kong Min Bryce Goh
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nat Benjanuvatra
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western, Perth, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy Budden
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western, Perth, Australia. .,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
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17
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Ruissen GR, Beauchamp MR, Puterman E, Zumbo BD, Rhodes RE, Hives BA, Sharpe BM, Vega J, Low CA, Wright AGC. Continuous-Time Modeling of the Bidirectional Relationship Between Incidental Affect and Physical Activity. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1284-1299. [PMID: 35802004 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that there is a bidirectional relationship between incidental affect (i.e., how people feel in day-to-day life) and physical activity behavior. However, many inconsistencies exist in the body of work due to the lag interval between affect and physical activity measurements. PURPOSE Using a novel continuous-time analysis paradigm, we examined the temporal specificity underlying the dynamic relationship between positive and negative incidental affective states and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). METHODS A community sample of adults (n = 126, Mage = 27.71, 51.6% Male) completed a 14-day ambulatory assessment protocol measuring momentary positive and negative incidental affect six times a day while wearing a physical activity monitor (Fitbit). Hierarchical Bayesian continuous-time structural equation modeling was used to elucidate the underlying dynamics of the relationship between incidental affective states and MVPA. RESULTS Based on the continuous-time cross-effects, positive and negative incidental affect predicted subsequent MVPA. Furthermore, engaging in MVPA predicted subsequent positive and negative incidental affect. Incidental affective states had a greater relative influence on predicting subsequent MVPA compared to the reciprocal relationship. Analysis of the discrete-time coefficients suggests that cross-lagged effects increase as the time interval between measurements increase, peaking at about 8 h between measurement occasions before beginning to dissipate. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for a recursive relationship between incidental affective states and MVPA, which is particularly strong at 7-9 hr time intervals. Future research designs should consider these medium-term dynamics, for both theory development and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralyn R Ruissen
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno D Zumbo
- Measurement, Evaluation, and Research Methodology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Hives
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brinkley M Sharpe
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Julio Vega
- Mobile Sensing + Health Institute (MoSHI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carissa A Low
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Mobile Sensing + Health Institute (MoSHI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Abstract
Although extensive research suggests that behavior change interventions can improve physical activity (PA) over the course of an intervention, the maintenance of these improvements beyond intervention termination is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine, through meta-analysis, whether behavior change interventions produce sustained improvements in PA after interventions conclude. Studies were retrieved from a recent (2019) meta-analysis of 224 interventions. Studies that measured PA at baseline, post-intervention, and a follow-up timepoint were included in this updated review. We examined the effects of these interventions in terms of changes in PA from baseline to post-intervention, baseline to follow-up, and post-intervention to follow-up (relative to control groups). We also examined whether the inclusion of theory and behavior change techniques (BCTs) within interventions as well as the length of time between PA assessments moderated these effects. Thirty-nine interventions (17% of interventions from the previous review) from 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements in PA were found from baseline to follow-up (d = 0.32). In general, these effects resulted from significant increases in PA from baseline to post-intervention (d = 0.46), followed by significant decreases from post-intervention to follow-up (d = -0.18). Effect sizes did not vary between theory-based and no-stated-theory interventions. The positive effects from baseline to post-intervention and negative effects from post-intervention to follow-up were more pronounced as the length of time between assessments increased. In conclusion, behavior change interventions improve PA over the course of the intervention; however, these improvements are generally not sustained after the intervention concludes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Quinlan A, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Beauchamp MR. Couple-Based Physical Activity Planning for New Parents: A Randomized Trial. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:518-528. [PMID: 34226094 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demands of parenthood may limit the pursuit of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), establish inactivity patterns into middle age, and lead to long-term poorer health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a couple-based planning skills intervention to support MVPA from baseline (~2 months after birth) up to 6 months later in first-time parents. STUDY DESIGN Randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS 264 parents (132 couples) at the 2-month point of parenting their first child. INTERVENTION Couples were randomized to either an education control (n=58 couples) or an education plus planning condition (n=74 couples). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES MVPA was assessed via accelerometry and self-report at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Health-related fitness (aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility) and BMI tests were conducted at baseline and 6 months. Rolling recruitment was between 2014 and 2017. RESULTS The accelerometry results had large amounts of missing data that were not missing at random, so only self-reported MVPA was analyzed. Dyadic multilevel modeling conducted in 2020 showed that mothers' MVPA had a significant quadratic pattern over time that was similar for both conditions, and BMI decreased while strength and flexibility increased. Fathers did not have significant outcomes. Participants who were not meeting MVPA guidelines at baseline responded to the education plus planning condition with increased MVPA (father B=1.31, mother B=1.14, p<0.05) compared with those who initially met those guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Mothers may be more responsive than fathers to MVPA interventions in early parenthood. Already active parents likely have little to be gained from additional intervention. Future research is needed to effectively promote MVPA during fatherhood and identify novel ways to sustain PA past the early response to an intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02290808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alison Quinlan
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Department of Kinesiology, PennState College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PennState College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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20
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Puterman E, Hives B, Mazara N, Grishin N, Webster J, Hutton S, Koehle MS, Liu Y, Beauchamp MR. COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (COPE) trial: a multigroup pragmatic randomised controlled trial examining effects of app-based at-home exercise programs on depressive symptoms. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:546-552. [PMID: 34580067 PMCID: PMC8483923 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The number of adults across the globe with significant depressive symptoms has grown substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extant literature supports exercise as a potent behaviour that can significantly reduce depressive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations. Objective Using a suite of mobile applications, at-home exercise, including high intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or yoga, was completed to reduce depressive symptoms in the general population in the early months of the pandemic. Methods A 6-week, parallel, multiarm, pragmatic randomised controlled trial was completed with four groups: (1) HIIT, (2) Yoga, (3) HIIT+yoga, and (4) waitlist control (WLC). Low active, English-speaking, non-retired Canadians aged 18–64 years were included. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and weekly following randomisation. Results A total of 334 participants were randomised to one of four groups. No differences in depressive symptoms were evident at baseline. The results of latent growth modelling showed significant treatment effects in depressive symptoms for each active group compared with the WLC, with small effect sizes (ESs) in the community-based sample of participants. Treatment groups were not significantly different from each other. Effect sizes were very large (eg, week 6 ES range=−2.34 to −2.52) when restricting the analysis only to participants with high depressive symptoms at baseline. Conclusions At-home exercise is a potent behaviour to improve mental health in adults during the pandemic, especially in those with increased levels of depressive symptoms. Promotion of at-home exercise may be a global public health target with important personal, social and economic implications as the world emerges scathed by the pandemic. Trial registration number NCT04400279.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Hives
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nikol Grishin
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshua Webster
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stacey Hutton
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Stephen Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Sports Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Caplin A, Chen FS, Beauchamp MR, Puterman E. The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105336. [PMID: 34175558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this experimental study was to determine the extent to which the intensity of a single 30 min bout of exercise alters the salivary cortisol (sCort) response to a subsequently induced acute psychosocial stressor. The study further aimed to elucidate a physiological mechanism through which exercise intensity exerts stress-mitigating effects. METHODS Eighty-three healthy men (Mage = 21.04 SD = 2.89) were randomly assigned to exercise on a treadmill at either 30%, 50% or 70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) for 30 min and then underwent the Trier Social Stress Test 45 min later. sCort was measured repeatedly throughout and following the exercise bout and stressor task. RESULTS ANCOVA and Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis determined that vigorous (70% HRR) exercise elicited dampened sCort responses to the stressor task, marked by lower total sCort levels, diminished sCort reactivity, and faster recovery to baseline values, as compared to less intense exercise. Moreover, exercise elicited a sCort response in proportion to the intensity at which it was performed, and this exercise-associated HPA-axis response was inversely proportional to the sCort response to the subsequent stressor task. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that exercise-intensity dampens the HPA-axis stress response in a dose-dependent manner, with evidence that the cortisol released from exercising intensely suppresses the subsequent cortisol response to a psychosocial stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caplin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1
| | - F S Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 3521-2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - M R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1
| | - E Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z1.
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22
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Ma JK, Floegel TA, Li LC, Leese J, De Vera MA, Beauchamp MR, Taunton J, Liu-Ambrose T, Allen KD. Tailored physical activity behavior change interventions: challenges and opportunities. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:2174-2181. [PMID: 34424344 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle provides innumerable benefits; yet, few individuals are physically active enough to reap those benefits. Tailored physical activity interventions may address low rates of physical activity by offering individualized strategies that consider a person's characteristics, needs, preferences, and/or context, rather than the traditional one-size-fits-all approach. However, the tailoring methodology is in its nascency, and an understanding of how best to develop such interventions is needed. In this commentary, we identify future directions to enhance the impact of tailored interventions designed to increase physical activity participation. A multi-country collaborative was established to review the literature and discuss an agenda for future research. Two overarching research opportunities are suggested for improving the development of tailored, behavioral physical activity interventions: (a) optimize the engagement of diverse knowledge users in intervention co-design and (b) examine ethical considerations that may impact the use of technology to support tailored physical activity delivery. Specifically, there is a need for better reporting and evaluation of knowledge user involvement alongside targeting diversity in the inclusion of knowledge users. Furthermore, while technology boasts many opportunities to increase the scale and precision of interventions, examinations of how it impacts recipients' experiences of and participation in tailored interventions are needed to ensure the benefits of technology use outweigh the risks. A better understanding of these research areas will help ensure that the diverse needs of individuals are met, technology is appropriately used to support tailoring, and ultimately it improves the effectiveness of tailored physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin K Ma
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Linda C Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jenny Leese
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary A De Vera
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelli D Allen
- Department of Medicine and Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC, USA.,Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Beauchamp MR, Hulteen RM, Ruissen GR, Liu Y, Rhodes RE, Wierts CM, Waldhauser KJ, Harden SH, Puterman E. Online-Delivered Group and Personal Exercise Programs to Support Low Active Older Adults' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e30709. [PMID: 34328433 PMCID: PMC8330630 DOI: 10.2196/30709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, experts in mental health science emphasized the importance of developing and evaluating approaches to support and maintain the mental health of older adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether a group-based exercise program relative to a personal exercise program (both delivered online) and waitlist control (WLC) can improve the psychological health of previously low active older adults during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The Seniors COVID-19 Pandemic and Exercise (SCOPE) trial was a 3-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted between May and September 2020 in which low active older adults (aged ≥65 years) were recruited via media outlets and social media. After baseline assessments, consented participants were randomized to one of two 12-week exercise programs (delivered online by older adult instructors) or a WLC condition. A total of 241 older adults (n=187 women) provided baseline measures (via online questionnaires), were randomized (ngroup=80, npersonal=82, ncontrol=79), and completed measures every 2 weeks for the duration of the trial. The trial's primary outcome was psychological flourishing. Secondary outcomes included global measures of mental and physical health, life satisfaction, and depression symptoms. RESULTS The results of latent growth modeling revealed no intervention effects for flourishing, life satisfaction, or depression symptoms (P>.05 for all). Participants in the group condition displayed improved mental health relative to WLC participants over the first 10 weeks (effect size [ES]=0.288-0.601), and although the week 12 effect (ES=0.375) was in the same direction the difference was not statistically significant (P=.089). Participants in the personal condition displayed improved mental health, when compared with WLC participants, in the same medium ES range (ES=0.293-0.565) over the first 8 weeks, and while the effects were of a similar magnitude at weeks 10 (ES=0.455, P=.069) and 12 (ES=0.258, P=.353), they were not statistically significant. In addition, participants in the group condition displayed improvements in physical health when compared with the WLC (ES=0.079-0.496) across all 12 weeks of the study following baseline. No differences were observed between the personal exercise condition and WLC for physical health (slope P=.271). CONCLUSIONS There were no intervention effects for the trial's primary outcome (ie, psychological flourishing). It is possible that the high levels of psychological flourishing at baseline may have limited the extent to which those indicators could continue to improve further through intervention (ie, potential ceiling effects). However, the intervention effects for mental and physical health point to the potential capacity of low-cost and scalable at-home programs to support the mental and physical health of previously inactive adults in the COVID-19 pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04412343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04412343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan M Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Geralyn R Ruissen
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Colin M Wierts
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Samantha H Harden
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Wierts CM, Zumbo BD, Rhodes RE, Faulkner G, Beauchamp MR. An Examination of Dweck's Psychological Needs Model in Relation to Exercise-Related Well-Being. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2021; 43:323-334. [PMID: 34157674 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This two-part study examined Dweck's psychological needs model in relation to exercise-related well-being and particularly focused on the basic need for optimal predictability and compound needs for identity and meaning. In Part 1 (N = 559), using exploratory factor analysis, scores derived from items assessing optimal predictability (prediction of affect and instrumental utility in exercise) were empirically distinct from scores derived from items assessing competence, relatedness, and autonomy. In Part 2, participants from Part 1 (N = 403) completed measures of exercise-related well-being 4 weeks after baseline assessment. Prediction of affect was the most consistent predictor of subsequent exercise-related well-being. An implication of these findings is that optimal predictability (primarily prediction of affect) represents a unique experience that may be necessary for thriving in the context of exercise. Prediction of affect should be targeted in experimental designs to further understand its relationship with exercise-related well-being.
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25
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Orcioli-Silva D, Pasman EP, Gobbi LTB, Beauchamp MR, Carpenter MG. Effects of social anxiety on static and dynamic balance task assessment in older women. Gait Posture 2021; 86:174-179. [PMID: 33751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety caused by the presence of an evaluator can impair balance performance in older women. However, it is unknown whether co-performing balance tasks with a partner mitigates this effect. RESEARCH QUESTION Does the presence of a partner mitigate the effect of social anxiety on static and dynamic balance assessment in older women? METHODS Twenty-one older women (mean age 66.5 (SD = 5.2) years) performed nine balance tasks under three conditions: (a) Alone (no evaluator present); (b) Evaluator (male evaluator present); (c) Partner (evaluator + performing tasks in parallel with partner). Participants were split into two groups post-hoc: Affected (n = 10) and Unaffected (n = 11), based on their emotional response to the presence of the evaluator (increased self-reported anxiety and fear). RESULTS The affected group took a longer time to complete tandem walking with eyes open in the Evaluator vs. Alone condition, but not in the Partner condition. Both groups increased anterior-posterior trunk angular velocity during tandem walking with eyes closed in the Evaluator vs. Alone condition, but not in the Partner condition. SIGNIFICANCE Social anxiety impairs the balance performance of older women, particularly in those most affected by the evaluator, and during more dynamic modified gait tasks that challenge balance while walking. However, co-performing balance tasks with a partner reduced the effects of social anxiety, suggesting that social support may help to mitigate some of the potential 'white coat' effects experienced during clinical balance assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Orcioli-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Locomotion Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth P Pasman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Lilian T B Gobbi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Posture and Locomotion Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Rio Claro, Brazil; Graduate Program in Movement Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Mark G Carpenter
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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26
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Beauchamp MR, Liu Y, Dunlop WL, Ruissen GR, Schmader T, Harden SM, Wolf SA, Puterman E, Sheel AW, Rhodes RE. Psychological mediators of exercise adherence among older adults in a group-based randomized trial. Health Psychol 2021; 40:166-177. [PMID: 33630638 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the psychological mediators of exercise adherence among older adults in a group-based physical activity randomized controlled trial. METHOD Older adults (≥65 years) were randomized to one of three conditions as part of the "GrOup-based physical Activity for oLder adults" (GOAL) randomized controlled trial. These included similar age same gender (SASG) and similar age mixed gender (SAMG) exercise programs that were informed by the tenets of self-categorization theory, and a "standard" mixed age mixed gender (MAMG) exercise program. Participants represented a subgroup (n = 483, Mage = 71.41 years) from the larger trial (n = 627) who completed measures of the trial's putative psychological mediators (i.e., group cohesion and affective attitudes) over the course of the 24-week exercise programs. RESULTS Piecewise latent growth modeling revealed different trajectories between participants in the two intervention conditions (SASG, SAMG) when compared with the comparison MAMG condition with regard to perceptions of group cohesion and affective attitudes. Results of subsequent cross-lagged panel modeling revealed that better program adherence in the two intervention conditions, when compared with the referent MAMG condition, was mediated by perceptions of group cohesion. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide insight into how the two intervention programs differentially strengthened perceptions of group cohesion and affective attitudes over time. Consistent with self-categorization theory, the results also shed light on the role of group cohesion, in particular, as a psychological mechanism of action to promote older adults' exercise adherence behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia
| | | | | | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | | | | | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria
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27
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Mâsse LC, O'Connor TM, Lin Y, Hughes SO, Tugault-Lafleur CN, Baranowski T, Beauchamp MR. Calibration of the food parenting practice (FPP) item bank: tools for improving the measurement of food parenting practices of parents of 5-12-year-old children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:140. [PMID: 33198790 PMCID: PMC7670656 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a call to improve measurement rigour and standardization of food parenting practices measures, as well as aligning the measurement of food parenting practices with the parenting literature. Drawing from an expert-informed conceptual framework assessing three key domains of food parenting practices (autonomy promotion, control, and structure), this study combined factor analytic methods with Item Response Modeling (IRM) methodology to psychometrically validate responses to the Food Parenting Practice item bank. METHODS A sample of 799 Canadian parents of 5-12-year-old children completed the Food Parenting Practice item bank (129 items measuring 17 constructs). The factorial structure of the responses to the item bank was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), confirmatory bi-factor item analysis, and IRM. Following these analyses, differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Response Functioning (DRF) analyses were then used to test invariance properties by parents' sex, income and ethnicity. Finally, the efficiency of the item bank was examined using computerized adaptive testing simulations to identify the items to include in a short form. RESULTS Overall, the expert-informed conceptual framework was predominantly supported by the CFA as it retained the same 17 constructs included in the conceptual framework with the exception of the access/availability and permissive constructs which were respectively renamed covert control and accommodating the child to better reflect the content of the final solution. The bi-factor item analyses and IRM analyses revealed that the solution could be simplified to 11 unidimensional constructs and the full item bank included 86-items (empirical reliability from 0.78 to 0.96, except for 1 construct) and the short form had 48 items. CONCLUSION Overall the food parenting practice item bank has excellent psychometric properties. The item bank includes an expanded version and short version to meet various study needs. This study provides more efficient tools for assessing how food parenting practices influence child dietary behaviours. Next steps are to use the IRM calibrated item bank and draw on computerized adaptive testing methodology to administer the item bank and provide flexibility in item selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Mâsse
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yingyi Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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28
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Mâsse LC, O'Connor TM, Lin Y, Carbert NS, Hughes SO, Baranowski T, Beauchamp MR. The physical activity parenting practices (PAPP) item Bank: a psychometrically validated tool for improving the measurement of physical activity parenting practices of parents of 5-12-year-old children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:134. [PMID: 33148276 PMCID: PMC7641851 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many tools have been developed to measure physical activity parenting practices (PAPP). Currently, there is little standardization on how PAPP constructs are operationalized for 5-12 year-old children. Given this lack of consistency our team have started the process of standardizing the measurement of PAPP by developing an item bank which was conceptually informed by 24 experts from 6 countries. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to present the psychometric properties of the PAPP item bank using the expert-informed PAPP conceptual framework. METHODS A sample (N = 626) of Canadian parents completed the PAPP item bank (100 items measuring 12 constructs). Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA), confirmatory bi-factor item analyses, and Item Response Modeling (IRM) were used to assess the structural validity of scores derived from the PAPP item bank. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Response Functioning (DRF) were used to determine whether the PAPP items are invariant by parent sex, ethnicity of parent, and household income. Finally, Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) simulations were used to determine the efficiency of the item bank - this involved ascertaining whether each construct can be assessed with fewer items. RESULTS The PAPP expert-informed conceptual framework was mainly supported by the CFA analyses. Notable changes included: a) collapsing smaller constructs into one general construct (modeling, co-participation, and monitoring constructs were collapsed into a construct assessing nondirective support); or b) splitting a construct into two smaller constructs (restrict for safety reason construct was split into indoor physical activity restriction and allowance for unsupervised outside physical activity). While the CFA analyses supported the structural validity of 11 constructs, the bi-factor item analyses and IRM analyses supported collapsing correlated constructs into more general constructs. These analyses further reduced the number of constructs measured by the PAPP item bank to nine constructs (65 items - reliability ranging from .79 to .94). As seven of the PAPP constructs had reliability greater than .80, CAT simulations further reduced the number of items to 31 items. CONCLUSION Overall, the PAPP item bank has excellent psychometric properties and provides an efficient way to assess PAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Mâsse
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yingyi Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole S Carbert
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia, F508-4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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29
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Grant SJ, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DER, Rhodes RE. Parents and children active together: a randomized trial protocol examining motivational, regulatory, and habitual intervention approaches. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1436. [PMID: 32957959 PMCID: PMC7507646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits during childhood, and tracks into desirable PA patterns and health profiles in adulthood. Interventions designed to support these behaviours among young children are critical. Family-based interventions focusing on parent-child activities together (i.e., co-activity) among preschool-aged children are warranted. Targeting parental support practices can increase the frequency of co-activity, however interventions must move beyond merely building intention and planning skills for successful maintenance. Interventions designed to increase co-activity habit strength may facilitate the sustainability and thus impact child PA. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three intervention conditions designed to increase child PA through co-activity: a standard education condition (information about benefits), a planning (action planning, coping planning) + education condition and a habit (context-dependent repetition from prompts and cues) + planning +education condition. Methods/design A longitudinal three-arm parallel design randomized trial will compare three conditions over six months. Families are eligible if they have at least one child between 3y and 5y that is not meeting 60mins/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The primary outcome (child MVPA) is assessed via accelerometry at baseline, six weeks, three months and six months (primary endpoint). Intervention materials targeting co-activity are delivered post baseline assessment, with booster sessions at six weeks and three months. Parental co-activity habit, parent-child co-activity and other behavioural constructs are also assessed via questionnaire at all measurement occasions. As tertiary outcomes, parental PA is measured via accelerometry and co-activity is measured via a Bluetooth-enabled proximity feature. A total of 106 families have been recruited thus far from the Greater Victoria region. The study is ongoing with a minimum target of 150 families and an anticipated recruitment completion date of August 2022. Discussion This protocol describes the implementation of a randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a habit formation group compared with a planning group and an education only group to increase child PA through targeting parent-child co-activity. This information could prove useful in informing public health initiatives to promote PA among families with preschool-aged children. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in February 2016, identifier NCT03055871.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina J Grant
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Room 205 Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V7, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Lithopoulos A, Kaushal N, Beauchamp MR, Conner M, de Bruijn GJ, Latimer-Cheung AE, Rhodes RE. Changing Sedentary Behavior in the Office: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Effect of Affective, Instrumental, and Self-Regulatory Messaging on Sitting. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:687-702. [PMID: 32428341 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although avoiding sedentary behavior has many health benefits, adults often sit for long periods at work. The purpose of this study was to compare affective attitude, instrumental attitude, and self-regulation messaging interventions on sitting in the workplace. METHODS Using a cluster randomised controlled trial design, participants (N = 116) were assigned (by workplace) to: (a) instrumental, (b) affective, (c) self-regulation, or (d) control (nutrition information) groups. Measurements were taken online at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks post-baseline. The interventions comprised three presentations delivered following baseline, week 4, and week 8 assessments. The primary outcome was self-reported average hours of sitting per day at work (registered trial number: NCT04082624). RESULTS Controlling for baseline sitting, overall, the affective group sat for less time than the instrumental and self-regulation groups. Also, at week 4, the affective group sat for less time than the instrumental and self-regulation groups and, at week 8, the affective group sat for less time than the self-regulation and control groups. There were no differences between the groups at week 12. CONCLUSIONS This investigation showed that workplace interventions targeting affective attitude can lead to less sitting time in the short term. Future research should explore additional strategies to minimise sedentary behavior in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Conner
- University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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32
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Medd ER, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DE, Rhodes RE. Family-based habit intervention to promote parent support for child physical activity in Canada: protocol for a randomised trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033732. [PMID: 32295773 PMCID: PMC7200035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity (PA) participation has many important physical and psychological health benefits, managing and preventing over 25 chronic conditions. Being more physically active as a child is associated with being more active as an adult, but less than 10% of Canadian children are achieving the recommended PA guidelines of 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA. Parental support is a predictor of child PA, but parent intention to support child PA does not always predict enacted support. Targeting factors that assist in the sustainability of parent support behaviour of child PA may have an impact on child PA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intervention designed to promote habit formation of parental support (HABIT, independent variable) on child PA (dependant variable) compared with a planning and education group (PLANNING) and an education only group (EDUCATION). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The three conditions will be compared using a 6-month longitudinal randomised trial. Eligible families have at least one child aged 6-12 years who is not meeting the 2011 Canadian PA Guidelines. Intervention materials are delivered at baseline, with check-in sessions at 6 weeks and 3 months. Child's moderate-to-vigorous PA, measured by accelerometry, is assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months as the primary outcome. At baseline and 6 months, children perform fitness testing. Parents and children complete questionnaires at all timepoints. So far, 123 families have been recruited from the Greater Victoria and surrounding area. Recruitment will be continuing through 2020 with a target of 240 families. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the University of Victoria Human Research Ethics Board (Victoria, Canada). Results will be shared at conferences as presentations and as published manuscripts. Study findings will be made available to interested participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03145688; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Medd
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Er Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Eys M, Beauchamp MR, Godfrey M, Dawson K, Loughead TM, Schinke RJ. Role Commitment and Acceptance in a Sport Context. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2020; 42:89-101. [PMID: 32005006 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (a) develop a conceptualization of role acceptance, later situated within the broader concept of role commitment, pertinent to the sport environment; (b) develop a measure integrating direct perceptions of role commitment and the bases of this variable; and (c) determine if role commitment could predict athletes' intentions to return. To accomplish these objectives, multiple methods were used across 4 projects that leveraged the extant literature on acceptance and commitment perceptions from sport and organizational psychology, engaged athletes in focus groups in a think-aloud protocol, and obtained responses on iterative versions of a new role-commitment questionnaire from over 700 athletes from a variety of competitive and developmental levels. Overall, this approach captured the bases of role commitment (affective, normative, and continuance perspectives), as well as direct perceptions of role commitment, and demonstrated an important link to intentions to return to sport.
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Eather N, Beauchamp MR, Rhodes RE, Diallo TMO, Smith JJ, Jung ME, Plotnikoff RC, Noetel M, Harris N, Graham E, Lubans DR. Development and Evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2020; 42:114-122. [PMID: 32150720 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the design and evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (HIIT-SQ). Phase 1: Questionnaire items were developed. Phase 2: Australian adolescents (N = 389, 16.0 ± 0.4 years, 41.10% female) completed the HIIT-SQ, and factorial validity of the measurement model was explored. Phase 3: Adolescents (N = 100, age 12-14 years, 44% female) completed the HIIT-SQ twice (1 week apart) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the final six items (mean = 3.43-6.73, SD = 0.99-25.30) revealed adequate fit, χ2(21) = 21, p = .01, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker-Lewis index = .99, root mean square of approximation = .07, 90% confidence interval [.04, .11]. Factor loading estimates showed that all items were highly related to the factor (estimates range: 0.81-0.90). Intraclass coefficients and typical error values were .99 (95% confidence interval [.99, 1.00]) and .22, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of scores derived from the HIIT-SQ in adolescents.
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Ruissen GR, Liu Y, Schmader T, Lubans DR, Harden SM, Wolf SA, Rhodes RE, Dunlop WL, Puterman E, Zumbo BD, Beauchamp MR. Effects of Group-Based Exercise on Flourishing and Stigma Consciousness among Older Adults: Findings from a Randomised Controlled Trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:559-583. [PMID: 32149456 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the extent to which group-based exercise programs, informed by self-categorisation theory, result in improvements in psychological flourishing and reductions in age- and gender-related stigma consciousness among older adults. METHODS In the study, older adults (N = 485, ≥ 65 years) were randomised to similar age same gender (SASG), similar age mixed gender (SAMG), or "standard" mixed age mixed gender (MAMG) group-based exercise programs. Flourishing and stigma consciousness were assessed on six occasions during the 24-week intervention and represented secondary trial outcomes. Multilevel growth models examined the effects of the interventions on flourishing and stigma consciousness over time. RESULTS Participants in the SASG and SAMG conditions demonstrated, on average, higher levels of flourishing, relative to the MAMG condition, over the course of the 24 weeks (p < .05). Additionally, participants demonstrated lower levels of age- and gender-related stigma consciousness in both the SASG and SAMG conditions relative to the MAMG condition (p < .05). No time by group interaction effects were observed for either flourishing or stigma consciousness. CONCLUSIONS The results provide some support for the utility of group exercise programs, informed by self-categorisation theory, to enhance psychological flourishing and reduce stigma consciousness among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Liu
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eli Puterman
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Jung ME, Locke SR, Bourne JE, Beauchamp MR, Lee T, Singer J, MacPherson M, Barry J, Jones C, Little JP. Cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-determined physical activity following one year of free-living high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training: a randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32102667 PMCID: PMC7045584 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Free-living adherence to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has not been adequately tested. This randomized trial examined changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and accelerometer-measured purposeful physical activity over 12 months of free-living HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods Ninety-nine previously low-active participants with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to HIIT (n = 47) or MICT (n = 52). Both interventions were combined with evidence-based behaviour change counselling consisting of 7 sessions over 2 weeks. Individuals in HIIT were prescribed 10 X 1-min interval-based exercise 3 times per week (totalling 75 min) whereas individuals in MICT were prescribed 150 min of steady-state exercise per week (50 mins 3 times per week). Using a maximal cycling test to exhaustion with expired gas analyses, CRF was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of free-living exercise. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of 10+ minutes (MVPA10+) was assessed by 7-day accelerometry at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intention to treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. Results CRF was improved over the 12 months relative to baseline in both HIIT (+ 0.15 l/min, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.23) and MICT (+ 0.11 l/min, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18). Both groups improved 12-month MVPA10+ above baseline (HIIT: + 36 min/week, 95% CI 17 to 54; MICT: + 69 min/week, 95% CI 49 to 89) with the increase being greater (by 33 min, 95% CI 6 to 60) in MICT (between group difference, P = 0.018). Conclusion Despite being prescribed twice as many minutes of exercise and accumulating significantly more purposeful exercise, CRF improvements were similar across 12 months of free-living HIIT and MICT in previously low-active individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - S R Locke
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - M R Beauchamp
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Lee
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Singer
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M MacPherson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J Barry
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - C Jones
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we critically examined recent evidence pertaining to the efficacy of peer-delivered physical activity interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Peer-delivered interventions appear to represent an efficacious, although under-utilized, means of promoting health-enhancing physical activity, among diverse populations across the lifespan, and in different settings. Nevertheless, research has largely failed to identify the salient behaviors/strategies of peer leaders that can promote behavior change among target populations, as well as explanatory mechanisms (i.e., mediators) of intervention effects. Balanced against recent evidence for the efficacy of peer-delivered interventions to promote physical activity, work in this area appears impeded by an absence of peer-centric explanatory frameworks and theory that may optimize both intervention delivery and efficacy/effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, War Memorial Gymnasium, Room 122, 6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katrina J Waldhauser
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, War Memorial Gymnasium, Room 122, 6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, War Memorial Gymnasium, Room 122, 6081 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Williams DM, Dunsiger S, Emerson JA, Dionne L, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR. Are self-efficacy measures confounded with motivation? An experimental test. Psychol Health 2019; 35:685-700. [PMID: 31674219 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1683179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Standard measures of self-efficacy (SE) may confound perceived capability and motivation because respondents interpret the word "can" as "will". Objective: To test whether priming for the meaning of the word "can" changes self-efficacy ratings. Design: In an experimental test, 134 university students responded to an on-line standardized measure of exercise SE and provided definitions of the words "can" and "will". One month later participants were randomized to complete (a) the same questionnaire (control), (b) the same questionnaire but with presentation of each participant's definition of "can" prior to the SE measure (definition priming), or (c) the same questionnaire but with SE items ("I can exercise…") placed side-by-side with behavioral intention items ("I will exercise…") (side-by-side priming). Results: SE increased relative to controls for side-by-side (b = 12.08, SE = 2.70, p<.01) but not definition priming (ns), with the former even stronger among participants (n = 91) who provided strict (i.e., literal) rather than liberal definitions of "can" (b = 15.38, SE = 3.21, p<.001). Conclusion: Priming of the meaning of the word "can" led to increases in self-efficacy ratings among those who hold a literal meaning of the word "can". This suggests that for many respondents standard assessments of SE may be confounded by motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jessica A Emerson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Dionne
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Kaos MD, Beauchamp MR, Bursick S, Latimer-Cheung AE, Hernandez H, Warburton DER, Yao C, Ye Z, Graham TCN, Rhodes RE. Efficacy of Online Multi-Player Versus Single-Player Exergames on Adherence Behaviors Among Children: A Nonrandomized Control Trial. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:878-889. [PMID: 30212848 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exergames have the potential to significantly increase physical activity in children. Studies to date have shown mixed results and often rely on self-reported data. Multi-player gaming may augment participation. Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine children's adherence behaviors in multi-player online exergames compared to a single-player condition within a home environment. Methods Seventy-two children, aged 9-12 years, who were not meeting physical activity guidelines at baseline, were allocated to the multi-player or single-player condition. Six-week cycle-based exergaming trials took place 5 day/week in the early evening with online game supervision. Bike use was objectively recorded via game logs. Results Adherence was high throughout the trial. Play session duration was M = 37.65 (SD = 15.39) min/day, and overall play duration was M = 133.45 (SD = 81.27) min in Week 1 and M = 77.23 (SD = 84.09) min in Week 6. Total physical activity was significantly higher at 6 weeks compared to baseline (p = .01, ηp2 = .13). There was no significant difference in play duration between conditions (p = .57, ηp2 = .01). Conclusion This trial objectively demonstrated that exergames can promote high adherence levels. Multi-player capabilities did not augment adherence levels. Introducing new games throughout the trial may have motivated participants to keep playing, regardless of whether play was against real or artificial opponents. Weekly play duration decreased due to a significant drop in play frequency. For children who enjoy exergames, innovative solutions to promote more frequent exergame play are needed. Clinical This Registration NCT02032667.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Zi Ye
- Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Chan DKC, Stenling A, Yusainy C, Hikmiah Z, Ivarsson A, Hagger MS, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR. Editor's Choice: Consistency tendency and the theory of planned behavior: a randomized controlled crossover trial in a physical activity context. Psychol Health 2019; 35:665-684. [PMID: 31642350 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1677904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effects of consistency tendency on the predictive power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in relation to physical activity behavior.Methods: In this randomized controlled cross-over trial, we recruited 770 undergraduate students from Indonesia who were randomly assigned into two groups. Participants completed physical activity versions of TPB measures at T1 (baseline) and T2 (post 1 week), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at T3 (post 1 month). At T1 and T2, the TPB questions were either presented in ensemble-order (i.e., consistency tendency supressed) or alternate-order (i.e., consistency tendency facilitated).Results: The parameter estimates of the model (CFI > .92, TLI > .90, SRMR < .08, RMSEA < .08) aligned with the tenets of TPB. As compared to ensemble-order, a TPB measured in alternate-order yielded stronger cross-sectional relationships, but this pattern did not appear in the prospective relationships in TPB (i.e., intention/perceived behavioral control and behavior).Conclusions: Consistency tendency inflated the factor correlations of cross-sectionally measured TPB variables, but the inflation was not observed in the prospective prediction of behavior. Health psychology questionnaires with items presented in ensemble order may represent a viable means of reducing the confounding effect of consistency tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derwin K C Chan
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Andreas Stenling
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Ziadatul Hikmiah
- Department of Psychology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Martin S Hagger
- University of California, Merced, CA, USA.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Health and Physical Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Beauchamp MR. Shared success begets success. Nat Hum Behav 2019; 3:22-23. [PMID: 30932039 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Bourne JE, Little JP, Beauchamp MR, Barry J, Singer J, Jung ME. Brief Exercise Counseling and High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Activity Adherence and Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11226. [PMID: 30912761 PMCID: PMC6454331 DOI: 10.2196/11226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. Given the numerous negative health consequences associated with T2D, prevention of this disease has become a priority. Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, can reduce the onset of T2D in those at elevated risk. However, long-term adherence to exercise is often poor in this population. Existing lifestyle interventions targeting exercise are labor intensive and costly for staff and participants. Evidence-informed counseling delivered in a manner that reduces dependence on staff and facilitates self-regulatory skills could alleviate time and financial barriers while promoting independent exercise. Objective This protocol outlines the design, recruitment, and proposed analysis of a brief, 2-week evidence-informed exercise counseling intervention combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods Small Steps for Big Changes is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that will examine the effectiveness of combining brief exercise counseling with HIIT or MICT on adherence to moderate and vigorous exercise over 1 year. Cardiorespiratory fitness will be assessed at baseline, post intervention (2 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Physical activity behavior will be examined at baseline, post intervention, and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. The impact of the intervention on psychosocial outcomes pertinent to exercise adherence will be examined. Results Data collection was complete in March 2017. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Conclusions The results of this brief intervention have the potential to inform future public health efforts designed to increase exercise in individuals at risk of T2D. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02164474; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164474 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74Hx1ipj6) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11226
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bourne
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julianne Barry
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Ruissen GR, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR. 'Active'ating thoughts about affect: elicitation of physical activity judgements in insufficiently active women. Psychol Health 2019; 34:590-608. [PMID: 30736704 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1554183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence suggests that affective judgements are distinct from, and exert greater influence on, physical activity behaviours than instrumental judgements. DESIGN As part of a randomised controlled trial, 110 insufficiently active, female, university students were randomised to (a) an affective mental contrasting condition, (b) an instrumental mental contrasting condition, or (c) a 'standard' mental contrasting intervention (with no modifications). In the analyses concerning the trial's primary outcome, the affective mental contrasting condition was found to be more effective for increasing physical activity than the standard or instrumental conditions. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the physical activity outcomes and obstacles elicited from participants as part of the three mental contrasting interventions within this trial. RESULTS 32 lower-order physical activity judgement themes, categorised within seven high-order themes, were derived through the use of the mental contrasting intervention. In addition to identifying several affective and instrumental outcomes and obstacles that have previously been recognised, participants in this study also highlighted contextualised responses that describe complicated relationships that exist between affective and instrumental judgements. CONCLUSIONS This study provides fine-grained insight into cognitive processes derived from a novel intervention involving insufficiently active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralyn R Ruissen
- a School of Kinesiology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- b School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC , Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- a School of Kinesiology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada
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Abstract
The hypothesis presented in this paper is that adherence to exercise programs can be understood, and fostered through intervention, by considering how social identities form within group settings. This paper explains these processes from a self-categorization theory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Beauchamp MR, Ruissen GR, Dunlop WL, Estabrooks PA, Harden SM, Wolf SA, Liu Y, Schmader T, Puterman E, Sheel AW, Rhodes RE. Group-based physical activity for older adults (GOAL) randomized controlled trial: Exercise adherence outcomes. Health Psychol 2018; 37:451-461. [PMID: 29698019 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the health benefits of regular physical activity, across the globe older adults represent the least active section of society. PURPOSE The GrOup-based physical Activity for oLder adults (GOAL) trial was a three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT) that was designed to test the efficacy of two group-based exercise programs for older adults, informed by self-categorization theory (SCT), in comparison to a standard group-based exercise program. METHODS RCT conducted in Greater Vancouver, Canada, enrolled 627 older adults (Mage = 71.57 years, SD = 5.41; 71.0% female). Participants were randomized to similar age same gender (SASG), similar age mixed gender (SAMG), or 'standard' mixed age mixed gender (MAMG) exercise group conditions. In addition to group composition, the intervention programs operationalized principles from SCT designed to foster a sense of social connectedness among participants. The primary outcome of the trial was exercise adherence behavior over 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS Analyses of variance revealed that older adults randomized to the SAMG (12-weeks d = .51, p < .001; 24-weeks d = .47, p < .001) and SASG (12-weeks d = .28, p = .012; 24-weeks d = .29, p = .016) conditions adhered to a greater extent than those in the MAMG comparison condition. There were no significant differences between the SAMG and SASG conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for the efficacy of group-based physical activity programs informed by SCT. Furthermore, the results suggest that community group-based exercise programs should attempt to engage in age-targeting but not necessarily gender-targeting among older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul A Estabrooks
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | | | | | - Yan Liu
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia
| | - Toni Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria
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McEwan D, Beauchamp MR, Kouvousis C, Ray CM, Wyrough A, Rhodes RE. Examining the active ingredients of physical activity interventions underpinned by theory versus no stated theory: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2018; 13:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1547120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond McEwan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R. Beauchamp
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christina Kouvousis
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christina M. Ray
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Wyrough
- Psychology of Exercise, Health, and Physical Activity Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Rhodes RE, Kaos MD, Beauchamp MR, Bursick SK, Latimer-Cheung AE, Hernandez H, Warburton DER, Ye Z, Nicholas Graham TC. Effects of home-based exergaming on child social cognition and subsequent prediction of behavior. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2234-2242. [PMID: 29797588 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of exergames may be one viable way to increase child physical activity, but investigation of its effects on motivation over time and prediction of adherence have seen little research attention. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two cycling exergame interventions (single-player, multi-player) among children aged 9-12 years on motivational variables (theory of planned behavior) and to explore whether these variables could predict objective assessment of playtime across 6 weeks. Sixty-nine insufficiently active children were recruited through advertisements within the community/schools and randomized to either the single play condition (n = 30) or multi-player condition (n = 39). Exergaming use was recorded objectively via game logs and motivational variables were assessed after a familiarization session, at 2 weeks, and at 4 weeks. Participants played the exergames M = 133.45 (SD = 81.27) minutes in week 1 to M = 77.23 (SD = 84.09) minutes in week 6. The two exergame conditions did not result in differences among theory of planned behavior variables (P > .05). Mean levels of these constructs declined across the first 4 weeks (P < .05), with the exception of injunctive norm. Positive bivariate associations (P < .05) between game play and perceived control (0-6 weeks), and intention (weeks 3-4 and weeks 5-6) were identified, but only affective attitude (assessed at week 2) predicted (P < .05) game play (3-4 weeks) in a multivariate examination of the theory of planned behavior model. The results demonstrate that social cognitive motives wane across time when exposed to repeated exergame play.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - M D Kaos
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M R Beauchamp
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Z Ye
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Bredin SSD, Warburton DER, Maddison R. Use of in-home stationary cycling equipment among parents in a family-based randomized trial intervention. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1050-1056. [PMID: 29653900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the use of home exercise equipment in the form of exergame cycling compared to a stationary recumbent bicycle ergometer in front of TV in the home over 3 months among parents of an intervention with their inactive children. The primary outcome was bike use (total weekly duration). Predictors of bike use in the form of theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory were also examined. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHOD Sixty eight parents of children aged 10-14 were randomized to either the exergame condition (n=36) or the standard bike condition (n=32). Weekly bike use was recorded in a log-book. RESULTS The exergame bike and a standard bike in front of a TV had similar use across three months (p=.13, ηp2=.02), which declined over time (p<.01, ηp2=.14). Parents who were active at baseline and had the intention to use the bikes were more likely to use the bikes (p<.05). Furthermore, those who reported higher perceived control, intrinsic motivation, and affective attitude were more likely to use the bikes (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that irrespective of modality, use of exercise equipment declined considerably for parents over three-months. Parents may also benefit from family physical activity interventions, but it depends on their physical activity status, how much they would enjoy using the equipment, and their overall perceived control over being physically active. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01373762. Registered 1 June 2011.
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McEwan D, Zumbo BD, Eys MA, Beauchamp MR. The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2018; 40:60-72. [PMID: 29785860 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop a questionnaire to assess the multidimensional construct of teamwork in sport and to examine various aspects of validity related to that instrument. A preliminary questionnaire was first created, and feedback on this instrument was then obtained from a sample of team-sport athletes (n = 30) and experts in sport psychology (n = 8). A modified version of the questionnaire was then completed by 607 athletes from 48 teams, and 5 multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the structural properties of data derived from this instrument. Evidence of adequate model-data fit along with measurement reliability was obtained for each of the 5 models. Taken together, the results from this research provide support for the content, substantive, and structural aspects of construct validity for data derived from the 66-item Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport.
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