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Lanfermeijer M, van Winden LJ, Starreveld DEJ, Razab-Sekh S, Faassen MV, Bleiker EMA, van Rossum HH. An LC-MS/MS-based method for the simultaneous quantification of melatonin, cortisol and cortisone in saliva. Anal Biochem 2024; 689:115496. [PMID: 38431140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in the diurnal pattern are associated with several clinical and psychological conditions, including depression and fatigue. Salivary sampling for melatonin, cortisol and cortisone provides a non-invasive method for frequent sampling and obtaining biochemical insight into the diurnal pattern of individuals. Therefore, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the measurement of salivary melatonin, cortisol and cortisone was developed and validated. The method required 250 μl saliva, used isotope dilution methodology and was based on a liquid-liquid extraction for sample preparation, reversed-phase chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring on a mass spectrometer for quantitation. The lower limits of quantification obtained were 0.010 nmol/L for melatonin, 0.5 nmol/L for cortisol and 1.00 nmol/L for cortisone and the limits of detection were 0.003 nmol/L, 0.15 nmol/L and 0.1 nmol/L respectively. The method imprecision was ≤14% for all measurands, and the method comparison showed highly comparable results with high correlation coefficients (all ≥0.964). Potential interference of cortisol and cortisone by prednisolone was observed and could be detected by chromatogram review. Typical diurnal patterns for melatonin, cortisol and cortisone were observed in the saliva of 20 cancer survivors who collected saliva throughout the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Lanfermeijer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lennart J van Winden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle E J Starreveld
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Serry Razab-Sekh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline M A Bleiker
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huub H van Rossum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Derne AS, Pape E, Jouzeau JY, Kolodziej A, Gambier N, Scala-Bertola J. Immunological detection of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) in oral fluid. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:638-640. [PMID: 37916294 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Derne
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
| | - Elise Pape
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Allan Kolodziej
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Gambier
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Julien Scala-Bertola
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
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Lobão WJDM, Zajdenverg L, Lopes GC, Barros MCMD, Sansone C, Silva-Boghossian CM. Redox biomarkers in saliva and nuclear abnormalities in jugal epithelial cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 161:105915. [PMID: 38412774 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate salivary redox biomarkers levels in individuals with periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and correlate with periodontal parameters and nuclear alterations in epithelial cells from jugal mucosa. DESIGN Sixty individuals were categorized into three groups: T2DM with periodontitis (DM, n = 20), non-T2DM with periodontitis (PE, n = 20), and non-T2DM with periodontal health (HC, n = 20). All participants underwent fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin measurements. After a periodontal examination, samples of epithelial cells from the jugal mucosa and saliva were collected. DNA damage was assessed by counting nuclear abnormalities using cytological analysis. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined through biochemical methods. Significant differences among groups were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, linear regression, and logistic regression. RESULTS Frequencies of nuclear abnormalities, as well as levels of reduced glutathione and uric acid, were significantly higher in the DM group compared to the PE and HC groups (p < 0.05). Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nuclear abnormalities, reduced glutathione, and uric acid exhibited positive correlations with periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). Furthermore, reduced glutathione was associated with dental biofilm (OR = 1.027 [95% CI, 1.004-1.049]) and condensed chromatin (OR = 0.415 [95% CI, 0.196-0.878]). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis and T2DM are correlated with nuclear abnormalities, as well as salivary reduced glutathione and uric acid levels. Moreover, a higher prevalence of teeth with dental biofilm increases the likelihood of elevated levels of reduced glutathione in saliva, while the presence of condensed chromatin decreases that likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walder Jansen de Mello Lobão
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Department of Medical Clinic, Division of Nutrology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Casimiro Lopes
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cynésia Medeiros de Barros
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina M Silva-Boghossian
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Konrad H, Hartung B, Poetsch M. (Un)Reliable detection of menstrual blood in forensic casework - evaluation of the Seratec® PMB test with mock samples. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:781-786. [PMID: 38030939 PMCID: PMC11003878 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the type of body fluid in crime scene evidence may be crucial, so that the efforts are high to reduce the complexity of these analyses and to minimize time and costs. Reliable immunochromatographic rapid tests for specific and sensitive identification of blood, saliva, urine and sperm secretions are already routinely used in forensic genetics. The recently introduced Seratec® PMB test is said to detect not only hemoglobin, but also differentiate menstrual blood from other secretions containing blood (cells) by detecting D-dimers. In our experimental set-up, menstrual blood could be reliably detected in mock forensic samples. Here, the result was independent of sample age and extraction buffer volume. It was also successfully demonstrated that all secretions without blood cells were negative for both, hemoglobin (P) and D-dimer (M). However, several blood cell-containing secretions/tissues comprising blood (injury), nasal blood, postmortem blood and wound crust also demonstrated positive results for D-dimer (M) and were therefore false positives. For blood (injury) and nasal blood, this result was reproduced for different extraction buffer volumes. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the Seratec® PMB test is neither useful nor suitable for use in forensic genetics because of the great risk of false positive results which can lead to false conclusions, especially in sexual offense or violent acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Konrad
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Benno Hartung
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Micaela Poetsch
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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Höfert L, Becker S, Dreßler J, Baumann S. Quantification of (9R)- and (9S)-hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) via GC-MS in serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption and immunological detection of HHC and related substances in serum, urine, and saliva. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:489-497. [PMID: 37652872 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The semisynthetic cannabinoid hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) is currently getting a lot of media attention because the legal status in many countries is not clearly specified. In this study, a GC-MS method for the quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) was extended to (9R)- and (9S)-HHC. The applicability was proven by serum/plasma samples from drivers suspected of cannabis consumption. Limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.15 and 0.25 ng/mL, respectively. Within-run imprecision was <6.5% and between-run imprecision was <10.0%. Inter-injection stability, processed sample stability (3 days), freeze-thaw stability (three cycles), and storage stability (1 week room temperature; 1 month 4°C, -20°C) could be proven. Both HHC diastereomers could be detected in 17 (5.3%) out of 321 analyzed samples from traffic controls in Western Saxony. The mean ratio between (9R)- and (9S)-HHC was 1.99 (CV = 14.6%). Quantification resulted in concentrations between
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Höfert
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Dreßler
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Baumann
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Tercanli H, Yavuz E, Yilmaz SG, Yardimci S. Mercury Concentration in Saliva and the Impact of Chewing: An Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1965-1971. [PMID: 37632686 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Mercury, which is found in dental amalgams, is considered to be the most toxic non-radioactive element. However, the health policies of different countries have not reached a consensus on the use and safety of amalgam. This study aims to investigate the effect of amalgam restorations on mercury concentration in saliva, as well as the effect of restoration number, surface number, and chewing on this concentration. A total of 86 participants were included in this study (an equal number for the study and control groups). The number of amalgam restorations and their surfaces were recorded. While both unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected from the study group, only unstimulated saliva was collected from the control group. The effect of chewing on mercury concentration was examined in the study group with unstimulated and stimulated saliva specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry device. Mercury concentration in the unstimulated saliva was found to be higher in the study group compared to the control group (p= 0.000). As the number of amalgam restorations and the number of amalgam restoration surfaces increased, the mercury concentration in the saliva increased (p= 0.015 and p= 0.021, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between mercury levels in the unstimulated saliva and the stimulated saliva (p=0.316). Chewing presented an insignificant difference in mercury concentration. Given this surprising result, the effect of chewing on mercury concentrations should be explored more extensively in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humeyra Tercanli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Dumlupınar Avenue, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Esra Yavuz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Dumlupınar Avenue, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sevcihan Gunen Yilmaz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Dumlupınar Avenue, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selmi Yardimci
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Dumlupınar Avenue, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
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Gurbuz ES, Guney Z, Kurgan S, Balci N, Serdar MA, Gunhan M. Oxidative Stress and FOXO-1 Relationship in Stage III Periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:270. [PMID: 38658396 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 8-Hydroxideoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker of oxidative stress, and Forkhead Box-O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor and signaling integrator in cell and tissue homeostasis. This study aims to determine FOXO1 and 8-OHdG levels in serum and saliva samples of periodontitis patients and to evaluate their relationship with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty healthy individuals, twenty generalized Stage III Grade B periodontitis patients, and nineteen generalized Stage III Grade C periodontitis patients were included in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL)) were recorded. Salivary and serum 8-OHdG and FOX-O1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Clinical periodontal parameters showed a statistically significant increase in periodontitis groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG salivary levels were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups compared to the control group. The salivary FOXO1 levels were significantly lower in both periodontitis groups compared to the control group. Salivary FOXO1 level had a low-grade negative correlation with BOP and salivary 8-OHdG level. CONCLUSIONS While reactive oxygen species increase in periodontal inflammation, low expression of FOXO1, an important transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes, supports that this molecule plays a vital role in tissue destruction, and FOXO1 can be seen as a potential immune modulator. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The role of FOXO1 in supporting antioxidant defense may suggest that FOXO1 is a candidate target for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Selin Gurbuz
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Guney
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sivge Kurgan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, İstanbul Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Meral Gunhan
- Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chang W, Zheng Z, Ma Y, Du Y, Shi X, Wang C. An electrochemical aptasensor for methylamphetamine rapid detection by single-on mode based on competition with complementary DNA. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9279. [PMID: 38654039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid electrochemical sensing method with high sensitivity and specificity of aptamers was developed for the detection of methylamphetamine (MAMP). A short anti-MAMP thiolated aptamer (Apt) with a methylene blue (MB) probe at 3'-end was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode (MB-Apt-S/GE). The electrochemical signal appeared when MAMP presenting in the sample solution competed with cDNA for binding with MB-Apt-S. Under optimized conditions, the liner range of this signal-on electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of MAMP achieved from 1.0 to 10.0 nmol/L and 10.0-400 nmol/L. LOD 0.88 nmol/L were obtained. Satisfactory spiked recoveries of saliva and urine were also obtained. In this method, only 5 min were needed to incubate before the square wave voltammetry (SWV) analysis, which was much more rapid than other electrochemical sensors, leading to a bright and broad prospect for the detection of MAMP in biological sample. This method can be used for on-site rapid detection on special occasions, such as drug driving scenes, entertainment venues suspected of drug use, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Chang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science Techniques Research and Application of Gansu Province, Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhixiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science Techniques Research and Application of Gansu Province, Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yongjun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yongling Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuezhao Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Cooper RK, Mahoney MC, Tiffany ST, Colder CR, Tyndale RF, Hawk LW. Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:604-611. [PMID: 37996099 PMCID: PMC11033563 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People who metabolize nicotine more quickly are generally less successful at quitting smoking. However, the mechanisms that link individual differences in the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a phenotypic biomarker of the rate of nicotine clearance, to smoking outcomes are unclear. We tested the hypotheses that higher NMR is associated with greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, and cue-induced cigarette craving in a treatment-seeking sample. METHODS Participants were 252 adults who smoke cigarettes enrolled in a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial (NCT03262662) conducted in Buffalo, New York, USA. Participants completed the Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions (CBUCC) paradigm, a laboratory choice procedure, ~1 week before the first cessation treatment visit, at which time a saliva sample was collected for NMR assessment. On each CBUCC trial, participants reported cigarette craving during cue presentation (cigarette, water) and spent $0.01-$0.25 for a chance (5%-95%) to sample the cue (one puff, sip), providing measures of smoking reinforcement (spending for cigarettes vs. water), general cigarette craving (averaged across cigarette and water cues), and cue-specific craving (cigarette craving during cigarette vs. water cues). RESULTS As observed in prior work, the NMR was significantly higher among White and female participants. As expected, both spending and cigarette craving were significantly greater on cigarette compared to water trials. However, contrary to our hypotheses, higher NMR was not associated with greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, or cue-specific craving. CONCLUSIONS The present data do not support that smoking reinforcement or craving is related to nicotine metabolism among individuals seeking to quit smoking. IMPLICATIONS Though greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, and cue-specific craving are hypothesized to be linked to faster nicotine metabolism, there was no evidence of such relationships in the present sample of adults seeking to quit smoking. Further research, including replication and consideration of alternate hypotheses, is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which the NMR is related to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Craig R Colder
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larry W Hawk
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Fejes R, Lutnik M, Weisshaar S, Pilat N, Wagner KH, Stüger HP, Peake JM, Woodman RJ, Croft KD, Bondonno CP, Hodgson JM, Wolzt M, Neubauer O. Increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice over 4 weeks affects nitrate metabolism, but not vascular function or blood pressure in older adults with hypertension. Food Funct 2024; 15:4065-4078. [PMID: 38546454 PMCID: PMC11034575 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The decline in vascular function and increase in blood pressure with aging contribute to an increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, we evaluated whether previously reported cardiovascular benefits of plant-derived inorganic nitrate via nitric oxide (NO) translate into improved vascular function and blood pressure-lowering in 15 men and women (age range: 56-71 years) with treated hypertension. We investigated the effects of a single ∼400 mg-dose at 3 hours post-ingestion (3H POST) and the daily consumption of 2 × ∼400 mg of nitrate through nitrate-rich compared with nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice over 4 weeks (4WK POST). Measurements included nitrate and nitrite in plasma and saliva; endothelial-dependent and -independent forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (FBFACh) and glyceryltrinitrate (FBFGTN); and clinic-, home- and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Compared to placebo, plasma and salivary nitrate and nitrite increased at 3H and 4WK POST following nitrate treatment (P < 0.01), suggesting a functioning nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in the participants of this study. There were no differences between treatments in FBFACh and FBFGTN-area under the curve (AUC) ratios [AUC ratios after (3H POST, 4WK POST) compared with before (PRE) the intervention], or 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure or home blood pressure measures (P > 0.05). These findings do not support the hypothesis that an increased intake of dietary nitrate exerts sustained beneficial effects on FBF or blood pressure in hypertensive older adults, providing important information on the efficacy of nitrate-based interventions for healthy vascular aging. This study was registered under ClinicialTrials.gov (NCT04584372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Fejes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Lutnik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Peter Stüger
- Division Integrative Risk Assessment, Data and Statistics, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine P Bondonno
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Centre for Health Sciences and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
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Jiang RW, Marin LM, Jaroch K, Zhou W, Siqueira WL, Pawliszyn J. Proteomic Analysis of Human Saliva via Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5363-5367. [PMID: 38535996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Proteomics of human saliva samples was achieved for the first time via biocompatible solid-phase microextraction (bio-SPME) devices. Upon introduction of a porogen to a conventional C18 coating, porous C18/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) SPME blades were able to extract peptides up to 3.0 kDa and more peptides than commercial SPME blades. Following Trypsin digestion, salivary proteomic analysis was achieved via SPME-LC-MS/MS. Seven endogenous proteins were consistently identified in all saliva samples via bio-SPME. Taking advantage of this strategy, untargeted peptidomics was applied for the comparison of saliva samples between healthy and SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. The results showed clear peptidomic differences between the viral and healthy saliva samples. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of bio-SPME-LC-MS/MS for peptidomics and proteomics in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runshan W Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lina M Marin
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz 85-089, Poland
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Jirakittayakorn N, Tamboon E, Mitrirattanakul S. Effect of 1% H 2O 2 on Three Salivary Stress Biomarkers, Cortisol, Alpha-Amylase, and sIgA. Int Dent J 2024; 74:343-351. [PMID: 37985342 PMCID: PMC10988260 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several associations worldwide have been recommending the use of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse before dental treatments to reduce viral load in saliva. This protocol is also employed in stress studies, especially in the context of dental treatment that uses salivary biomarkers as an indicator. However, the effect of 1% hydrogen peroxide as mouth rinse on salivary biomarkers remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effects of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse on 3 salivary stress biomarkers-salivary cortisol, salivary secretory IgA, and salivary α-amylase-both on chemical influence and mechanical irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety healthy participants with confirmed negative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction results for COVID-19 at most 2 days prior to the experiment were included in this study. All participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups: experimental (1% hydrogen peroxide solution), positive control (distilled water), and negative control (no mouth rinse). Saliva samples were collected before and after mouth rinsing with the respective solutions. Salivary biomarkers were analysed using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS Salivary cortisol and salivary α-amylase did not significantly differ before and after rinsing, whilst salivary sIgA levels decreased in all 3 groups. Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the changes of these biomarkers across the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that using 1% hydrogen peroxide solution as a preprocedural mouth rinse for universal precaution does not alter the levels of these 3 salivary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawachara Jirakittayakorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eakapong Tamboon
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Mitrirattanakul
- Department of Masticatory Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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13
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Zhang J, Yan M, Ji A, Sun Q, Ying W. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of biological stains identifies body fluids specific markers. Forensic Sci Int 2024; 357:112008. [PMID: 38522320 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The identification of biological stains and their tissue resource is an important part of forensic research. Current methods suffer from several limitations including poor sensitivity and specificity, trace samples, and sample destruction. In this study, we profiled the proteomes of menstrual blood, peripheral blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal fluid with mass spectrometry technology. Tissue-enhanced and tissue-specific proteins of each group have been proposed as potential biomarkers. These candidate proteins were further annotated and screened through the combination with the Human Protein Atlas database. Our data not only validates the protein biomarkers reported in previous studies but also identifies novel candidate biomarkers for human body fluids. These candidates lay the foundation for the development of rapid and specific forensic examination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Anquan Ji
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qifan Sun
- MPS's Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security (MPS), Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
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14
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Özer E, Yilmaz HE, Narin F, Sağlam M. The evaluation of salivary leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in humans with periodontal health or periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:387-394. [PMID: 38126217 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the salivary levels of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein (LRG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in periodontal health and disease (gingivitis and stage III periodontitis) and also to compare the discriminative efficiencies of both biomarkers in periodontal disease. BACKGROUND LRG is a new acute-phase protein whose functions are still being investigated. LRG and CRP are both biomarkers that are increased by inflammation. No clinical study has yet investigated the comparison of the level of LRG and CRP in periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis in saliva samples. METHODS A total of 60 individuals, including 20 periodontally healthy (control group/group C), 20 with gingivitis (group G), and 20 with Stage III periodontitis (group P), who were systemically healthy and non-smokers, participated in this study. Periodontal charts were used for recording clinical periodontal parameters and saliva LRG and CRP levels were measured by ELISA. Analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) was performed by the receiver-operating characteristics curve. RESULTS Salivary levels of LRG and CRP were significantly higher in disease groups than in group C (p < .05). Positive statistically significant correlations were observed between both biomarkers and clinical parameters (p < .05). There was also a strong positive correlation between two biomarkers (p < .05). In distinguishing periodontal disease from periodontal health, LRG (AUC = 0.833) and CRP (AUC = 0.826) were found to have similar accuracy (p = .923). CONCLUSION LRG and CRP may be useful and similarly effective biomarkers in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Özer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huriye Erbak Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Narin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sağlam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Ponzo V, Bo M, Favaro E, Merlo F, Isaia G, Presta R, Collo A, Riso S, Bo S. Does presbygeusia really exist? An updated narrative review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:84. [PMID: 38558357 PMCID: PMC10984891 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This review critically assessed the existence of presbygeusia, i.e., the impairment in taste perception occurring in the elderly, as a natural part of the aging process and its potential clinical implications. Several factors might contribute to age-related taste alterations (TAs), including structural changes in taste buds, alterations in saliva composition, central nervous system changes, and oral microbiota dysbiosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to disentangle the effects of age from those of the several age-related diseases or conditions promoting TAs. Most of the included studies reported TAs in healthy elderly people, suggesting that presbygeusia is a relatively frequent condition associated with age-related changes in the absence of pathological conditions. However, the impact of TAs on dietary preferences and food choices among the elderly seems to be less relevant when compared to other factors, such as cultural, psychological, and social influences. In conclusion, presbygeusia exists even in the absence of comorbidities or drug side effects, but its impact on dietary choices in the elderly is likely modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Mario Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Fabio Merlo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Isaia
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Presta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy.
- Section of Geriatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Collo
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Sergio Riso
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso A. M. Dogliotti, 14, Turin, 10126, Italy
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - Molinette, Turin, Italy
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16
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Grutle LA, Holm HV, Kopperud HBM, Uhlig S. Validation of a human saliva model for the determination of leachable monomers and other chemicals from dental materials. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124073. [PMID: 38452631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prove the validity of a mixture of chemicals, including salts, small organic molecules, mucin, and α-amylase, as saliva surrogate ("artificial saliva") for assessing leakage of methacrylate monomers and other constituents from dental materials. To achieve this, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), bisphenol A (BPA), and five homologues of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisEMA EO2-6) in unstimulated and artificial saliva, and compared their concentrations in the two saliva media following either spiking with a mixture of the compounds or incubation of test specimens of printed biomaterials. Test specimens were immersed in unstimulated/artificial saliva, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and saliva aliquots were extracted with methanol and subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated with regard to matrix effects, linearity, selectivity, lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), precision, bias and combined measurement uncertainty (u'). The performance characteristics of the method were comparable for unstimulated and artificial saliva samples. The combined u' for individual chemicals at a concentration of 10 × LLOQ were within the range of 5.3-14 % for unstimulated saliva and 6.9-16 % for artificial saliva, except for the BisEMA homologues. Combined u' for the latter were 27-74 % in unstimulated saliva, and 27-79 % in artificial saliva. There was no detectable release of BPA from the test specimens, and the TPO concentrations were mainly below the LLOQ. TEGDMA and UDMA were detected in the highest quantities, and at comparable concentrations in the unstimulated and artificial saliva. For all BisEMA homologues, the release was higher in unstimulated saliva than in artificial saliva. The study showed that the artificial saliva model can be a suitable replacement for native saliva, but might underestimate leakage of more lipophilic methacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene A Grutle
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi V Holm
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde B M Kopperud
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Díaz-Montaña EJ, Brignot H, Aparicio-Ruiz R, Thomas-Danguin T, Morales MT. Phenols and saliva effect on virgin olive oil aroma release: A chemical and sensory approach. Food Chem 2024; 437:137855. [PMID: 37944364 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The sensory perception of virgin olive oil is complex and produced mainly by phenols and volatiles. These compounds are affected by the interaction with other components of the oil matrix and by biological factors. The aim of the work was to study the saliva effect and/or the presence of phenols on the release of 12 volatiles, using different olive oil matrices and volatile concentrations, and applying Solid Phase Microextration-Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection, Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry and sensory analysis. The volatile concentrations in the headspace showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the different matrices, being easily detected the effect exerted by phenols and biological components from 3.8 mg/Kg. The results showed that the presence of unsaturation in the volatile molecules affect their release, being lower the concentration of saturated volatiles released in presence of phenols. All the compounds were in higher concentration in the headspace of the olive oil-phenol-saliva matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Jacobo Díaz-Montaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García González, nº 2, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Hélène Brignot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRA UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ramón Aparicio-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García González, nº 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Thierry Thomas-Danguin
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS UMR6265, INRA UMR1324, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - María Teresa Morales
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Calle Profesor García González, nº 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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18
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Tucci L, Fanelli F, Improta I, Bissi V, Lena C, Galante G, Mezzullo M, Magagnoli M, Lalumera AB, Colombin G, Coscia K, Rotolo L, Vicennati V, Pagotto U, Di Dalmazi G. Monitoring adrenal insufficiency through salivary steroids: a pilot study. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:327-337. [PMID: 38571387 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various glucocorticoid replacement therapies (GRTs) are available for adrenal insufficiency (AI). However, their effectiveness in restoring glucocorticoid rhythm and exposure lacks adequate biochemical markers. We described the diurnal salivary cortisol (SalF) and cortisone (SalE) rhythm among different GRTs and analysed the associations between saliva-derived parameters and life quality questionnaires. METHODS Control subjects (CSs, n = 28) and AI patients receiving hydrocortisone (HC, n = 9), cortisone acetate (CA, n = 23), and dual-release hydrocortisone once (DRHC-od, n = 10) and twice a day (DRHC-td, n = 6) collected 9 saliva samples from 07:00 to 23:00. Patients compiled Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Addison disease-specific quality-of-life questionnaires. SalE and SalF were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exposure was monitored using SalE for HC and DRHC and SalF for CA. Area under the curve (AUC) was computed. Different GRTs were compared by Z-scores calculated from saliva-derived parameters. Questionnaire results predictors were evaluated with multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls, all GRTs resulted in glucocorticoid overexposure in the morning. Hydrocortisone, CA, and DRHC-td caused overexposure also in afternoon and evening. Compared with other treatments, CA determined increased Z-score-07:00 (P < .001), DRHC-td determined increased Z-score-AUC07:00→14:00 (P = .007), and DRHC-od induced lower Z-score-AUC14:00→23:00 (P = .015). Z-scores-AUC14:00→16:00 ≥ .619 best predicted questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS None of the GRTs mimics normal glucocorticoid rhythmicity and exposure. SalE, SalF, and Z-score may be useful markers for monitoring and comparing different GRTs. Excess glucocorticoid in early afternoon best associated with depressive symptoms and worse life and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tucci
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Bissi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Lena
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Galante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Magagnoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Bianca Lalumera
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Colombin
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kimberly Coscia
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rotolo
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Abugattas-Núñez del Prado J, Quintana Reyes A, Leon J, Blume La Torre J, Gutiérrez Loli R, Pinzón Olejua A, Chamorro Chirinos ER, Loza Mauricio FA, Maguiña JL, Rodriguez-Aliaga P, Málaga-Trillo E. Clinical validation of RCSMS: A rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a test for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290466. [PMID: 38527001 PMCID: PMC10962837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Peru's holds the highest COVID death rate per capita worldwide. Key to this outcome is the lack of robust, rapid, and accurate molecular tests to circumvent the elevated costs and logistics of SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-qPCR. To facilitate massive and timely COVID-19 testing in rural and socioeconomically deprived contexts, we implemented and validated RCSMS, a rapid and sensitive CRISPR-Cas12a test for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. RCSMS uses the power of CRISPR-Cas technology and lateral flow strips to easily visualize the presence of SARS-CoV-2 even in laboratories with limited equipment. We show that a low-cost thermochemical treatment with TCEP/EDTA is sufficient to inactivate viral particles and cellular nucleases in saliva, eliminating the need to extract viral RNA with commercial kits, as well as the cumbersome nasopharyngeal swab procedure and the requirement of biosafety level 2 laboratories for molecular analyses. Notably, RCSMS performed outstandingly in a clinical validation done with 352 patients from two hospitals in Lima, detecting as low as 50 viral copies per 10 μl reaction in 40 min, with sensitivity and specificity of 96.5% and 99.0%, respectively, relative to RT-qPCR. The negative and positive predicted values obtained from this field validation indicate that RCSMS can be confidently deployed in both high and low prevalence settings. Like other CRISPR-Cas-based biosensors, RCSMS can be easily reprogrammed for the detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conclude that RCSMS is a fast, efficient and inexpensive alternative to RT-qPCR for expanding COVID-19 testing capacity in Peru and other low- and middle-income countries with precarious healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio Leon
- IMS RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Japan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Blume La Torre
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Renzo Gutiérrez Loli
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | | | - Jorge L. Maguiña
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI), EsSalud, Lima, Perú
| | - Piere Rodriguez-Aliaga
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Málaga-Trillo
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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20
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Bentele UU, Klink ESC, Benz ABE, Meier M, Gaertner RJ, Denk BF, Dimitroff SJ, Unternaehrer E, Pruessner JC. The effect of cognitive reappraisal and early-life maternal care on neuroendocrine stress responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6837. [PMID: 38514744 PMCID: PMC10957921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA) is related to profound dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reflected in both, blunted or exaggerated cortisol stress responses in adulthood. Emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal might contribute to this inconsistent finding. Here, we investigate an interaction of early-life maternal care (MC), where low MC represents a form of ELA, and instructed emotion regulation on cortisol responses to acute stress. Ninety-three healthy young women were assigned to a low (n = 33) or high (n = 60) MC group, based on self-reported early-life MC. In the laboratory, participants received regulation instructions, asking to cognitively reappraise (reappraisal group, n = 45) or to focus on senses (control group, n = 48) during subsequent stress exposure, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test. Salivary cortisol and subjective stress levels were measured repeatedly throughout the experiment. Multilevel model analyses confirmed a MC by emotion regulation interaction effect on cortisol trajectories, while controlling for hormonal status. Individuals with low MC in the control compared with the reappraisal group showed increased cortisol responses; individuals with high MC did not differ. These results highlight the significance of emotion regulation for HPA axis stress regulation following ELA exposure. They provide methodological and health implications, indicating emotion regulation as a promising target of treatment interventions for individuals with a history of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike U Bentele
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany.
| | - Elea S C Klink
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Annika B E Benz
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Maria Meier
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
- Child- and Adolescent Research Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphaela J Gaertner
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Bernadette F Denk
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | | | - Eva Unternaehrer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
- Child- and Adolescent Research Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
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21
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Lee SE, Choi Y, Oh Y, Lee D, Kim J, Hong S. Black Phosphorus-Based Reusable Biosensor Platforms for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Cortisol in Saliva. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:11305-11314. [PMID: 38406866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A black phosphorus (BP)-based reusable biosensor platform is developed for the repeated and real-time detection of cortisol using antibody-conjugated magnetic particle (MP) structures as a refreshable receptor. Here, we took advantage of the low-noise characteristics of a mechanically exfoliated BP-based field-effect transistor (FET) and hybridized it with anti-cortisol antibody-functionalized MPs to build a highly sensitive cortisol sensor. This strategy allowed us to detect cortisol down to 1 aM in real time and discriminate cortisol from other hormones. In this case, we could easily remove MPs with used antibodies from the surface of a BP-FET and reuse the chip for up to eight repeated sensing operations. Moreover, since our platform could be fabricated using conventional photolithography techniques and the sensor can be reused multiple times, one should be able to significantly reduce operation costs for practical applications. Furthermore, this method could be utilized to detect different hormones with high sensitivity and selectivity in complex environments such as artificial saliva solutions. In this respect, our reusable BP-FET biosensing platform can be a powerful tool for versatile applications such as clinical diagnosis and basic biological analysis by conjugating various antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyeon Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Bahrami Z, Fan M, Juraev J, Lyu Z, Harada KH. Correspondence on "Randomized Cross-Over Study of In-Vehicle Cabin Air Filtration, Air Pollution Exposure, and Acute Changes to Heart Rate Variability, Saliva Cortisol, and Cognitive Function". Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4462. [PMID: 38375805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bahrami
- Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Menglin Fan
- Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Jasur Juraev
- Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 6068501, Japan
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23
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Ahmad P, Marin LM, Lowe C, Katselis GS, Siqueira WL. Salivary protein homology between humans and dogs: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. J Dent 2024; 142:104855. [PMID: 38246308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This benchmark study aimed to investigate sex-related differences based on the identification and characterization of the salivary proteome of healthy male and female dogs using mass spectrometry (MS) technique and a homology-driven approach to analyze salivary proteins in both human and dog species utilizing protein sequence alignment technique. METHODS Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 10 healthy Beagles. After processing the samples and determining the total protein content, in-solution protein digestion was performed involving denaturation, reduction of disulfide bonds, alkylation, and removal of interfering compounds. Samples were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 327 and 341 unique proteins in male and female dog saliva, respectively, of which 318 (97.25 %) in male dogs and 326 (95.60 %) in female dogs were characterized. Abundant shared proteins included albumin, BPI fold-containing family A member 2, and VWFD domain-containing protein. A notable uncharacterized protein, VWFD domain-containing protein, was among the most abundant in both sexes. Comparative analysis of 69 abundant shared proteins indicated an upregulation of CES5A, EFHD, GC, IGHM, LOC100653049, KRT10, LCP1, PGD, TPI1 in male dogs, while LOC100855593 was upregulated in female dogs. In total, 84 % (n = 229/274) and 86 % (n = 235/275) salivary proteins identified in male and female dogs, respectively, were homologous to human proteins, with an overall homology of 86 % (n = 364/423), including 15 with 100 % homology. CONCLUSION The study revealed clear differences in the salivary proteomics profile of healthy male and female dogs. However, most of the salivary proteins in both male and female dogs showed homology with human salivary proteins. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The identification of unique salivary proteome profiles in male and female dogs, coupled with substantial homology to human proteins, provides promising biomarkers for health assessment, highlighting its clinical significance for diagnostics and therapeutic exploration not only in veterinary and human dentistry, but across mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N E5E, Canada
| | - Lina M Marin
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N E5E, Canada
| | - Candace Lowe
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - George S Katselis
- Department of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N E5E, Canada.
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24
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He M, Huoshen W, Li X, Sun C. Salivary and serum biomarkers to evaluate psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:182-192. [PMID: 38438274 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome mainly characterized by an intensive burning sensation of tongue. Previous studies have suggested that saliva/serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome might be associated with psychological disorders. The aim of systematic review was to observe whether the biomarkers in serum/saliva could be an alternative method to evaluate the psychological disorders in patients with burning mouth syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers published up to March 15, 2023. Risk of bias was measured by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RevMan was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 467 articles were screened, which of 12 studies were included. These studies collected 43 different biomarkers in saliva and 35 in serum. Of these biomarkers, only three (cortisol, α-amylase, and IL-6) were analyzed in two or more studies. Only salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the controls (Mean Difference = 1.39; 95% CI [0.80-1.97]; p < 0.001). Moreover, cortisol might be relevant to psychological scores, especially anxiety. CONCLUSION Different papers have investigated salivary and serum biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome patients with controversial results. This meta-analysis showed that cortisol levels in saliva may be a potential biomarker to assess the psychological disorders in burning mouth syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei He
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuda Huoshen
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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25
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Salomon R, Weiss S. Relationships Among Number of Stressors, Perceived Stress, and Salivary Cortisol Levels During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2024; 53:160-171. [PMID: 38048897 PMCID: PMC10939920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships among the number of stressors, perceived stress, and salivary cortisol levels during the third trimester of pregnancy. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. SETTING Participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS Women during the third trimester of pregnancy (N = 73). METHODS Participants provided saliva samples at four time points over 2 days for cortisol assay and completed questionnaires to assess stressors and perceived stress. We computed multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships among the number of stressors and perceived stress to cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope, and overall cortisol secretion. We also computed a multiple linear regression model to examine the relationship between perceived stress and the number of stressors. RESULTS Greater perceived stress was associated with reduced overall cortisol secretion across the day (β = -0.41, p = .01). The number of stressors was associated with perceived stress (β = 0.48, p = .002) but not salivary cortisol measures. CONCLUSION Elevated perceived stress and the related cortisol alterations that we identified could represent salient targets for enhancing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during the third trimester. Perceived stress may shape the relationship between exposure to stressors and cortisol response during pregnancy. Future research is warranted to confirm study results and to understand the implications for parturition and fetal development.
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26
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Cantave CY, Brendgen M, Lupien S, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Ouellet-Morin I. Concurrent and prospective associations between family socioeconomic status, social support and salivary diurnal and hair cortisol in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:298-307. [PMID: 37795803 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to socioeconomic adversity is hypothesized to impact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and cortisol secretion, but existing evidence is inconsistent. Yet, few studies have investigated this association using a developmental approach that considers potential protective contextual factors. This study examined the role of stability and changes in family socioeconomic status (SES) in the prediction of multiple cortisol indicators and tested whether social support moderated these associations. METHODS Participants were part of a population-based sample of twin pairs recruited at birth. Family SES was assessed in early childhood (ages 0-5) and mid-adolescence (age 14). Social support was assessed at ages 14 and 19. Diurnal cortisol (n = 569) was measured at age 14 at awakening, 30 min later, in the afternoon and evening over four non-consecutive days. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC, n = 704) was measured at age 19. All data were collected before the pandemic and multilevel regression models were conducted to account for the nested data structure. RESULTS Youth exposed to lower family SES levels in childhood and mid-adolescence had a flatter diurnal slope and higher HCC compared with those who experienced upward socioeconomic mobility in mid-adolescence. Contrastingly, mid-adolescence SES showed no association with the diurnal slope or HCC for youth from higher-SES households in early childhood. Moreover, youth raised in higher-SES families in early childhood had a higher CAR in mid-adolescence if they reported greater social support in mid-adolescence. Social support also moderated the SES-cortisol association in mid-adolescence, with higher-SES youth showing higher awakening cortisol secretion when reporting more social support. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that early socioeconomic adversity sensitizes HPA axis activity to later socioeconomic disadvantage, which may bear consequences for socioemotional and behavioral functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Department Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ginette Dionne
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ouellet-Morin
- School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
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27
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Brown CO, Westring CG, Danielson PB, Legg KM. Saliva identification in forensic samples by automated microextraction and intact mass analysis of statherin. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:640-650. [PMID: 38173363 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme α-amylase has long been a commonly targeted protein in serological tests for saliva. While being especially abundant in saliva, α-amylase is detectable in vaginal secretions, sweat, fecal matter, breast milk and other matrices. As a result, assays for α-amylase only provide a presumptive indication of saliva. The availability of mass spectrometry-based tools for the detection of less abundant, but more specific, protein targets (e.g., human statherin) has enabled the development of high confidence assays for human saliva. Sample throughput, however, has traditionally been low due to multi-step workflows for protein extraction, quantitation, enzymatic digestion, solid phase cleanup, and nano-/capillary-based chromatography. Here, we present two novel "direct" single-stage extraction strategies for sample preparation. These feature immunoaffinity purification and reversed-phase solid-phase microextraction in conjunction with intact mass analysis of human statherin for saliva identification. Mass analysis was performed on the Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap mass spectrometer with a 10-min analytical run time. Data analysis was performed using Byos® from Protein Metrics. Two sample sets were analyzed with a population of 20 individuals to evaluate detection reliability. A series of casework-type samples were then assayed to evaluate performance in an authentic forensic context. Statherin was confidently identified in 92% and 71% of samples extracted using the immunoaffinity purification and solid phase microextraction approaches, respectively. Overall, immunoaffinity purification outperformed the solid phase microextraction, especially with complex mixtures. In toto, robotic extraction and intact mass spectrometry enable the reliable identification of trace human saliva in a variety of sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian G Westring
- Center for Crime and Forensics, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
| | - Phillip B Danielson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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28
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Fejes V, Simon G, Makszin L, Sipos K, Poor VS. Evaluation of the effect of ozone disinfection on forensic identification of blood, saliva, and semen stains. Sci Justice 2024; 64:151-158. [PMID: 38431372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Good laboratory practice minimizes the biological hazard posed by potentially infectious casework samples. In certain scenarios, when the casework sample is contaminated with highly contagious pathogens, additional safety procedures such as disinfection might be advised. It was previously proven that ozone gas treatment does not hamper STR analysis, but there is no data on how the disinfection affects other steps of the forensic analysis. In this study, we aimed to assess the interference of ozone disinfection with forensic tests used to identify biological stains. A dilution series of blood, saliva, and semen samples were pipetted onto cotton fabric and let completely dry. Half of the samples were subjected to ozone treatment, while the rest served as controls. All the samples were tested with specific lateral flow immunochromatographic assays and for specific RNA markers with quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, luminol test was carried out on blood spots, Phadebas® Amylase Test on saliva stains, and semen stains were examined with STK Lab kit and light microscope following Christmas Tree or Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Ozone treatment had no detrimental effect on the microscopic identification of sperm cells. Undiluted blood samples were detected with luminol and immunoassay, but at higher dilution, the sensitivity of the test decreased after disinfection. The same decrease in sensitivity was observed in the detection of semen stains using STK Lab kit from STK® Sperm Tracker, and in the case of the immunoassay specific for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Ozone treatment almost completely inhibited the enzymatic activity of amylase. The sensitivity of antibody-based detection of amylase was also greatly reduced. RNA markers showed degradation but remained detectable in blood and semen samples after incubation in the presence of ozone. In saliva, the higher Ct values of the mRNA markers were close to the detection limit, even before ozone treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Fejes
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Simon
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lilla Makszin
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktor S Poor
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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29
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Aksakal SD, Guven Y, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G, Aktoren O. Assessment of oral bacteria potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart disease. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:47-56. [PMID: 38548632 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate the specific oral pathogens potentially associated with the mobile microbiome in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Caries, oral hygiene and gingival indices were evaluated in 20 children with CHD and a healthy control group, and venous blood samples and saliva were collected. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), blood samples were analyzed for the presence of bacterial DNA to determine the mobile microbiome, and saliva samples were analyzed to identify and quantify target microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and its serotype k (Smk), Fusobacterium. nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Scardovia wiggsiae (Sw) and Aggregitibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and its JP2 clone (JP2). The findings were analyzed by Mann Whitney U, chi-square, Fisher's exact and Spearman's Correlation tests. Bacterial DNA was identified in two blood samples. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the presence and counts of bacteria in saliva. However, the CHD group exhibited significantly lower caries and higher gingival index scores than the control group. The presence of Pg and Aa were significantly associated with higher gingival index scores. Sm and Smk counts were significantly correlated with caries experience. A positive correlation was found between Fn and total bacteria counts. In conclusion, the mobile microbiome, which has been proposed as a potential marker of dysbiosis at distant sites, was very rare in our pediatric population. The counts of target microorganisms which are potentially associated with the mobile microbiome did not differ in children with CHD and healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermin Dicle Aksakal
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Aktoren
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Ferrara E, Lee H, Stadterman Guarecuco J, Somekh MR, Hirsch E, Keesey R, Cham H, Hoyt LT, Roy AK. Novel Assessment of the Impact of Irritability on Physiological and Psychological Frustration Responses in Adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2024; 53:216-230. [PMID: 38236707 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2301753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irritability, typically defined as a proneness to anger, particularly in response to frustration, falls at the intersection of emotion and disruptive behavior. Despite well-defined translational models, there are few convergent findings regarding the pathophysiology of irritability. Most studies utilize computer-based tasks to examine neural responses to frustration, with little work examining stress-related responding to frustration in social contexts. The present study is the first to utilize the novel Frustration Social Stressor for Adolescents (FSS-A) to examine associations between adolescent irritability and psychological and physiological responses to frustration. METHOD The FSS-A was completed by a predominantly male, racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse sample of 64 12- to 17-year-olds, who were originally recruited as children with varying levels of irritability. Current irritability was assessed using the Multidimensional Assessment Profiles-Temper Loss scale (MAP-TL-Youth). Adolescents rated state anger and anxiety before and after the FSS-A, and usable salivary cortisol data were collected from 43 participants. RESULTS Higher MAP-TL-Youth scores were associated with greater increases in anger during the FSS-A, but not increases in anxiety, or alterations in cortisol. Pre-task state anger negatively predicted the slope of the rise in cortisol observed in anticipation of the FSS-A. CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for unique associations between adolescent irritability and anger during, and in anticipation of, frustrating social interactions. Such findings lay a foundation for future work aimed at informing physiological models and intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Krain Roy
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
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31
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Doan SN, Davis AS, Fuller-Rowell TE. Cortisol and changes in depressive symptoms: The moderating role of DHEA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106941. [PMID: 38183866 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Stress is associated with activation of the hypothalamus-adrenal-axis (HPA). Cortisol, a product of the HPA, is thought to predict depression. However, to date, the majority of studies investigating the cortisol-depression relationship have been cross-sectional and results have been mixed. One possible reason for these mixed findings, may be that many studies fail to consider the moderating role of dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA), which is released alongside cortisol and is thought to serve opposing functions. Therefore, the present study investigated the main and interactive effects of cortisol and DHEA on depressive symptoms. Salivary cortisol and DHEA were measured from saliva throughout the Trier Social Stress task for N = 417 participants at baseline. Participants reported on their depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory - II at both baseline and follow up (ranging from 1-20 months post baseline; M = 11.60, SD = 5.80) as well as general demographics. The lavaan package in R (version 0.6.11; Rosseel, 2012) was used to conduct multiple regression analyses with FIML to explore the relationships between these variables. Results demonstrated no main effect of cortisol or DHEA, but did show a significant interaction with DHEA. The relations between cortisol and depressive symptoms depended on levels of DHEA such that the relationship was positive at low and negative at high levels of DHEA, with the overall interaction significant (β = -.22, p < .001, 95% CI = [-.333, -.115]). DHEA can act as a protective factor against depression when cortisol levels are high. This presents opportunities for future research on how to improve DHEA levels to potentially reduce depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Doan
- Claremont McKenna College, Department of Psychological and Neuroscience, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | - Alicia S Davis
- Claremont McKenna College, Department of Psychological and Neuroscience, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Thomas E Fuller-Rowell
- Auburn University, College of Human Sciences, Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn, AL, USA
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32
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Zapico SC, Stadler C, Roca G. Assessment of body fluid identification and DNA profiling after exposure to tropical weather conditions. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:631-639. [PMID: 38146797 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite current advances in body fluid identification, there are few studies evaluating the effect of environmental conditions. The present work assessed the detection of body fluids, blood, semen, and saliva, through lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) tests, exposed to tropical weather conditions over time, also evaluating the possibility of obtaining STR (short tandem repeat) profiles and identifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms. Blood, semen, saliva samples, and mixtures of these fluids were deposited on polyester clothes and exposed to open-air tropical weather conditions for 1 month. The test versions from LFI (SERATEC®, Germany) Lab and crime scene (CS) used for the detection - one per each body fluid type - demonstrated that it is possible to identify body fluids and their mixtures up to 14 days after deposition. At 30 days, blood and semen were detected but not saliva. Full STR profiles were obtained from 14-day-old blood samples, and partial profiles were obtained from the remaining samples. It was possible to sequence mtDNA in the samples previously analyzed for STR profiling, and haplogroups could be assigned. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of body fluid identification and DNA profiling after exposure to tropical weather conditions for 1 month and also demonstrated the value of mtDNA analysis for compromised biological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Zapico
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Anthropology Department, Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Roca
- SERATEC®, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie mbH, Göttingen, Germany
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Yakar N, Bostanci N, Özdemir G, Atmaca H, Türedi A, Şahin Ç, Köse T, Emingil G. Salivary inflammatory burden in pre- and postmenopausal women: Associations with body mass index, patient-reported health, serum cytokines, and periodontal parameters. J Periodontol 2024; 95:209-218. [PMID: 37851637 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The decline of estrogen levels during menopause impacts weight, mood, and overall health, both orally and systemically. This study assessed salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-7 in postmenopausal (PMW) and regularly menstruating premenopausal (RMPW) women, while considering serum cytokine levels, body mass index (BMI), periodontal health, and self-reported physical and emotional well-being. METHODS In this study, 75 PMW and 71 RMPW were included. Clinical and periodontal parameters were evaluated, and perceived health was assessed with the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Cytokine levels in both saliva and serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Covariate evaluations of salivary cytokines were conducted using hierarchical linear regression modeling. RESULTS Cytokines were detectable in saliva from 71 PMW and 67 RMPW. In the initial unadjusted model, IL-7, IL-10, and TNF-α exibited significant differences between RMPW and PMW. However, these differences became non-significant (p > 0.05) in the final model after adjusting for age, which implies a negligible effect of the investigated covariates on salivary cytokine levels when age was considered. Lower levels of IL-6 in PMW, which initially showed no significant difference, became borderline (p = 0.054) in the final model after adjusting for age. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for multiple factors, no significant difference was found in the salivary levels of the investigated cytokines between RMPW and PMW. Factors such as BMI, perceived health, serum cytokine levels, and periodontal parameters seem to minimally influence these levels in PMW. However, age may be a stronger confounding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Yakar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Güven Özdemir
- Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Asena Türedi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Şahin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Li Y, Guan C, Liu C, Li Z, Han G. Disease diagnosis and application analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in saliva detection. Talanta 2024; 269:125394. [PMID: 37980173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Saliva has significantly evolved as a diagnostic fluid in recent years, giving a non-invasive alternative to blood analysis. A high protein concentration in saliva is delivered directly from the bloodstream, making it a "human mirror" that reflects the body's physiological state. It plays an essential role in detecting diseases in biomedical and fitness monitoring. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetic materials with custom-designed synthetic recognition sites that imitate biological counterparts renowned for sensitive analyte detection. This paper reviews the progress made in research about MIP biosensors for detecting saliva biomarkers. Specifically, we investigate the link between saliva biomarkers and various diseases, providing detailed insights into the corresponding biosensors. Furthermore, we discuss the principles of molecular imprinting for disease diagnostics and application analysis, including recent advances in integrated MIP-sensor technologies for high-affinity analyte detection in saliva. Notably, these biosensors exhibit high discrimination, allowing for the detection of saliva biomarkers linked explicitly to chronic stress disorders, diabetes, cancer, bacterial or viral-induced illnesses, and exposure to illicit toxic substances or tobacco smoke. Our findings indicate that MIP-based biosensors match and perhaps surpass their counterparts featuring integrated natural antibodies in terms of stability, signal-to-noise ratios, and detection limits. Additionally, we highlight the design of MIP coatings, strategies for synthesizing polymers, and the integration of advanced biodevices. These tailored biodevices, designed to assess various salivary biomarkers, are emerging as promising screening or diagnostic tools for real-time monitoring and self-health management, improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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Kuhlman B, Aleixandre-Tudo JL, Moore JP, du Toit W. Arabinogalactan proteins and polysaccharides compete directly with condensed tannins for saliva proteins influencing astringency perception of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Food Chem 2024; 435:137625. [PMID: 37801763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Wine astringency is thought to be due to salivary protein precipitation; however, the actual mechanism is not well-defined. This study aimed understand the relationship between whole polysaccharide extracts, produced with and without enzyme maceration, and the saliva protein-tannin precipitation reaction. Polysaccharides were analyzed in the context of salivary protein-tannin interactions using gel electrophoresis, quantitative 1H proton nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR), size separation chromatography, immunochemistry, and sensory analysis. Polysaccharide addition reduced saliva protein concentration in tannin-saliva protein-polysaccharide mixtures, indicating that native-wine polysaccharides compete with condensed tannins for salivary protein as ligand partners. qHNMR showed that tannin levels were increased by adding polysaccharides, suggesting that in these conditions, polysaccharides interact with saliva proteins via competitive protein-polysaccharide complex formation. Polysaccharides from non-enzyme-treated wines had threshold concentration of 121 mg/mL versus 86 mg/ml for enzyme-treated as detected by a sensory panel. Enzyme-treated polysaccharides changed astringency perception at a lower concentration than non-enzyme-treated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Kuhlman
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Jose Luis Aleixandre-Tudo
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - John P Moore
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Wessel du Toit
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł. Quantification of prohibited substances and endogenous corticosteroids in saliva using traditional, alternative microextraction-based, and novel 3D printed sample-preparation methods coupled with LC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1291:342236. [PMID: 38280791 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Oral fluid has gained significant interest as an alternative matrix for drug testing due to its easy and non-invasive collection. Despite these advantages, achieving suitably low limits of detection remains a clear challenge in the use of oral fluids for drug screening. In this study, we demonstrate that the application of commercially available SPME fibers followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry can enable the comprehensive detection and confirmation of drugs in oral fluid samples. To this end, we develop and test a sample-preparation protocol for a panel of 46 drugs covering the most popular drugs of abuse and doping agents available worldwide. Human saliva samples were collected using a Salivette® device (CE IVD certified) and sampled using SPME devices coated with a C18 extraction phase. The proposed protocol was validated with respect to its lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), linearity, matrix effects, precision, and extraction recovery. Linearity was confirmed for all compounds (R2 > 0.97), except for testosterone (R2 = 0.953) and metandrostenolon (R2 = 0.958). Furthermore, 4 compounds suffered from matrix effects, with less than 10 % deviation from acceptance criteria. After analytical validation, saliva samples from volunteers were analyzed to determine free concentrations of cortisol at different times after awaking. Finally, a 3D-printed prototype device was designed and successfully applied to extract small molecules, thus demonstrating a new modern low-cost approach for bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Vazão AR, Claudino L, Pimpinato PP, Sampaio LV, Fiais GA, de Freitas RN, Justo MP, Brito VGB, Oliveira SHP, Lima RR, Cintra LTÂ, Chaves-Neto AH. Experimental apical periodontitis alters salivary biochemical composition and induces local redox state disturbances in the salivary glands of male rats. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:154. [PMID: 38366095 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the effects of experimental apical periodontitis on the inflammatory, functional, biochemical, and redox parameters of the parotid and submandibular glands in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10): a control group and apical periodontitis group. After 28 days, the saliva was collected for salivary flow rate and biochemistry composition. Both glands were sampled for quantification of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and biochemical analyses of redox state. RESULTS TNF-α concentrations were higher in both salivary glands adjacent to the periapical lesions in animals with apical periodontitis and also compared to the control group. The apical periodontitis group increased the salivary amylase, chloride, potassium, calcium, and phosphate. The total oxidant capacity increased in the parotid gland adjacent to the periapical lesions in the same rat and compared to the control group. Conversely, the total antioxidant capacity of the parotid glands on both sides in the apical periodontitis group was lower than that in the control group. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase activity increased in the submandibular gland adjacent to the apical periodontitis group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Experimental apical periodontitis alters salivary biochemical composition, in addition to increasing inflammatory marker and inducing local disturbances in the redox state in the parotid and submandibular glands of male rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Apical periodontitis could exacerbate the decline in oral health by triggering dysfunction in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieli Raymundo Vazão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Claudino
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Penati Pimpinato
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Victorino Sampaio
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayara Nogueira de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pagliusi Justo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Bayer J, Högger P. Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of phenolic compounds in human saliva after intake of a procyanidin-rich pine bark extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115914. [PMID: 38101241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived phenolic compounds are regularly ingested as food compounds or as food supplements. Concentrations of individual compounds and metabolites are typically measured in serum or urine samples. This, however, allows no conclusion on the distribution into organs and tissues. An easily accessible biofluid is saliva. At this point, it was not clear yet, whether polyphenols circulating in the blood would be secreted or diffuse into saliva. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a method using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) for analysis of phenolic compounds in human saliva. Method validation for the quantification of taxifolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, para-coumaric acid, and protocatechuic acid and the gut microbial catechin metabolite δ-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (M1) in human saliva was performed according to current guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. The lower limit of quantification ranged from 0.82 ng/ml for M1 to 8.20 ng/ml for protocatechuic acid. The method was successfully applied to an authentic saliva sample of a volunteer after swallowing of procyanidin-rich pine bark extract capsules (dietary supplement Pycnogenol®). All polyphenols except ferulic acid were quantified at concentrations ranging from 1.20 ng/ml (M1) to 10.34 ng/ml (gallic acid). Notably, in contrast to serum samples, all phenolic compounds were present without sulfate or glucuronic acid conjugation in saliva, suggesting an enzymatic deconjugation, e.g., by a β-glucuronidase activity, during compound transfer from serum to saliva. Since M1 is only produced in the gut, its presence in saliva ruled out the possibility of sample contamination by phenolic compounds residing in the oral cavity after food intake. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the gut microbiota-derived metabolite M1 has been detected in saliva. To further investigate the role of phenolic compounds in saliva, the described analytical method can be applied in clinical studies investigating the biodistribution of polyphenols and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bayer
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Högger
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Deflorin N, Ehlert U, Amiel Castro RT. Associations of maternal prenatal psychological symptoms and saliva cortisol with neonatal meconium microbiota: A cross-sectional study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110895. [PMID: 37951341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the diversity and relative abundances of the gut microbiome have been associated with a broad spectrum of medical conditions. Maternal psychological symptoms during pregnancy may impact on offspring development by altering the maternal and the foetal gut microbiome. We aimed to investigate whether self-reported maternal anxiety, depressive symptoms, and distress as well as saliva cortisol levels in late pregnancy alter the bacterial composition of the infant's meconium. METHODS A total of N = 100 mother-infant pairs were included. Maternal psychological symptoms were measured using psychological questionnaires (EPDS, PSS-10, STAI) at 34-36 weeks gestation and salivary cortisol was measured at 34-36 and 38 weeks gestation. Infant meconium samples were collected in the first five days postpartum and analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Correlations showed that lower alpha diversity of the meconium microbiome was significantly associated with increased maternal prenatal depressive symptoms in late gestation (τ = -0.15, p = .04). Increased saliva cortisol AUCg at T2 was significantly related to higher beta diversity of the meconium samples (Pr(>F) = 0.003*). Pseudomonas was the most abundant phylum and was associated with maternal saliva cortisol total decline. No other associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms are associated with infant faecal microbiome alpha diversity, whereas maternal saliva cortisol AUCg is linked to increased beta diversity and total decline related to increased Psuedomonas. Future studies are warranted to understand how these microbiota community alterations are linked to child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Deflorin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rita T Amiel Castro
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mortazavi H, Yousefi-Koma AA, Yousefi-Koma H. Extensive comparison of salivary collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:168. [PMID: 38308289 PMCID: PMC10837873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human saliva as a bodily fluid-similar to blood-is utilized for diagnostic purposes. Unlike blood sampling, collecting saliva is non-invasive, inexpensive, and readily accessible. There are no previously published systematic reviews regarding different collection, transportation, preparation, and storage methods for human saliva. DESIGN This study has been prepared and organized according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. This systematic review has been registered at PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42023415384). The study question according to the PICO format was as followed: Comparison of the performance (C) of different saliva sampling, handling, transportation, and storage techniques and methods (I) assessed for analyzing stimulated or unstimulated human saliva (P and O). An electronic search was executed in Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. RESULTS Twenty-three descriptive human clinical studies published between 1995 and 2022 were included. Eight categories of salivary features and biomarkers were investigated (i.e., salivary flow rate, total saliva quantity, total protein, cortisol, testosterone, DNA quality and quantity, pH and buffering pH). Twenty-two saliva sampling methods/devices were utilized. Passive drooling, Salivette®, and spitting were the most utilized methods. Sampling times with optimum capabilities for cortisol, iodine, and oral cancer metabolites are suggested to be 7:30 AM to 9:00 AM, 10:30 AM to 11:00 AM, and 14:00 PM to 20:00 PM, respectively. There were 6 storage methods. Centrifuging samples and storing them at -70 °C to -80 °C was the most utilized storage method. For DNA quantity and quality, analyzing samples immediately after collection without centrifuging or storage, outperformed centrifuging samples and storing them at -70 °C to -80 °C. Non-coated Salivette® was the most successful method/device for analyzing salivary flow rate. CONCLUSION It is highly suggested that scientists take aid from the reported categorized outcomes, and design their study questions based on the current voids for each method/device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mortazavi
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amir-Ali Yousefi-Koma
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd, Evin, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran.
- Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Laguillier-Morizot C, Bonnet-Serrano F, Leguy MC, Simeonovic M, Sée C, Zientek C, Soussan M, Bouys L, Bertherat J, Guibourdenche J. Diagnostic performance of an automated immunoassay for salivary cortisol. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2024; 85:20-26. [PMID: 37926277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Automated immunoanalysis (AI) is an interesting alternative for measuring salivary cortisol, as the gold standard HPLC-MS/MS method is not yet readily available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of salivary cortisol immunoassay on the iSYS immunoanalyzer in adrenal dynamic tests. Cortisol was measured on iSYS and on HPLC-MS/MS in saliva samples collected after 1mg-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in 115 patients suspected of Cushing syndrome, and during Synacthen® stimulation test (SST) in 108 patients suspected of adrenal insufficiency. Concentrations on AI correlated well with HPLC-MS/MS (Spearman r=0.9496; P<0.0001), but with a significant positive bias. ROC analysis of salivary cortisol identified optimal cut-off values on AI and HPLC-MS/MS of respectively 3.5 and 0.77nmol/L for DST and 32.6 and 13.8nmol/L at T60 after SST. Automated immunoassays for salivary cortisol are suitable in daily practice but require determination of specific cut-off and reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Laguillier-Morizot
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Clémence Leguy
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Miliça Simeonovic
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne, 61, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France
| | - Catherine Sée
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Zientek
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mickael Soussan
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucas Bouys
- Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Department of Hormonology, bâtiment J. Dausset, 2(e) étage, CHU Cochin, 27, rue du Fg-St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Faculté de santé, université Paris Cité, 2, rue Valette, 75005 Paris, France
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Cuyvers B, van IJzendoorn M, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Verhaeghe J, Molenberghs G, Lafit G, Houbrechts M, Bosmans G. Oxytocin and state attachment responses to secure base support after stress in middle childhood. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:1-21. [PMID: 38240065 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2304874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
We tried to replicate the finding that receiving care increases children's oxytocin and secure state attachment levels, and tested whether secure trait attachment moderates the oxytocin and state attachment response to care. 109 children (9-11 years old; M = 9.59; SD = 0.63; 34.9% boys) participated in a within-subject experiment. After stress induction (Trier Social Stress Test), children first remained alone and then received maternal secure base support. Salivary oxytocin was measured eight times. Secure trait and state attachment were measured with questionnaires, and Secure Base Script knowledge was assessed. Oxytocin levels increased after receiving secure base support from mother after having been alone. Secure state attachment changed less. Trait attachment and Secure Base Script knowledge did not moderate oxytocin or state attachment responses to support. This might mean that, regardless of the attachment history, in-the-moment positive attachment experiences might have a beneficial effect on trait attachment development in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bien Cuyvers
- Clinical Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ginette Lafit
- Methodology of Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melisse Houbrechts
- Clinical Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Clinical Psychology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Child & Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Contini C, Fadda L, Lai G, Masala C, Olianas A, Castagnola M, Messana I, Iavarone F, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, Solla P, Defazio G, Manconi B, Diaz G, Cabras T. A top-down proteomic approach reveals a salivary protein profile able to classify Parkinson's disease with respect to Alzheimer's disease patients and to healthy controls. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300202. [PMID: 37541286 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. Diagnosis is complicated by lack of reliable biomarkers. To individuate peptides and/or proteins with diagnostic potential for early diagnosis, severity and discrimination from similar pathologies, the salivary proteome in 36 PD patients was investigated in comparison with 36 healthy controls (HC) and 35 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A top-down platform based on HPLC-ESI-IT-MS allowed characterizing and quantifying intact peptides, small proteins and their PTMs (overall 51). The three groups showed significantly different protein profiles, PD showed the highest levels of cystatin SA and antileukoproteinase and the lowest of cystatin SN and some statherin proteoforms. HC exhibited the lowest abundance of thymosin β4, short S100A9, cystatin A, and dimeric cystatin B. AD patients showed the highest abundance of α-defensins and short oxidized S100A9. Moreover, different proteoforms of the same protein, as S-cysteinylated and S-glutathionylated cystatin B, showed opposite trends in the two pathological groups. Statherin, cystatins SA and SN classified accurately PD from HC and AD subjects. α-defensins, histatin 1, oxidized S100A9, and P-B fragments were the best classifying factors between PD and AD patients. Interestingly statherin and thymosin β4 correlated with defective olfactory functions in PD patients. All these outcomes highlighted implications of specific proteoforms involved in the innate-immune response and inflammation regulation at oral and systemic level, suggesting a possible panel of molecular and clinical markers suitable to recognize subjects affected by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Laura Fadda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Greca Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carla Masala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory. European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Neurological Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Defazio
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giacomo Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Bender O, Khoury J, Hirsch G, Weinberg E, Sagy N, Buller S, Lapides-Levy S, Blumer S, Bar DZ. Immunorecognition of Streptococcus mutans secreted proteins protects against caries by limiting tooth adhesion. J Dent 2024; 141:104805. [PMID: 38101504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood caries, a prevalent chronic disease, affects 60-90 % of children in industrialized regions, leading to lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. This condition precipitates hospital admissions, emergency room visits, elevated treatment costs, and missed school days, thereby impeding the child's academic engagement and increasing the likelihood of caries into adulthood. Despite multiple identified risk factors, significant interpersonal variability remains unexplained. The immune system generates a unique antibody repertoire, essential for maintaining a balanced and healthy oral microbiome. Streptococcus mutans is a primary contributor to the development of caries. METHODS Employing mass spectrometry, we investigated the S. mutans proteins targeted by antibodies in children both with and without caries, delineating a fundamental suite of proteins discernible by the immune systems of a majority of individuals. Notably, this suite was enriched with proteins pivotal for bacterial adhesion. To ascertain the physiological implications of these discoveries, we evaluated the efficacy of saliva in thwarting S. mutans adherence to dental surfaces. RESULTS Antibodies in most children recognized a core set of ten S. mutans proteins, with additional proteins identified in some individuals. There was no significant difference in the proteins identified by children with or without caries, but there was variation in antibody binding intensity to some proteins. Functionally, saliva from caries-free individuals, but not children with caries, was found to hinder the binding of S. mutans to teeth. These findings delineate the S. mutans proteome targeted by the immune system and suggest that the inhibition of bacterial adherence to teeth is a primary mechanism employed by the immune system to maintain oral balance and prevent caries formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our knowledge of the immune system's function in oral health maintenance and caries prevention, shedding light on how immunoglobulins interact with S. mutans proteins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Targeting S. mutans proteins implicated in bacterial adhesion could be a promising strategy for preventing childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bender
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Jessica Khoury
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Gal Hirsch
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel; Department of Periodontology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Naor Sagy
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Buller
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Shiri Lapides-Levy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Sigalit Blumer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University 69978, Israel.
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Chu LJ, Chang YT, Chien CY, Chung HC, Wu SF, Chen CJ, Liu YC, Liao WC, Chen CH, Chiang WF, Chang KP, Wang JS, Yu JS. Clinical validation of a saliva-based matrix metalloproteinase-1 rapid strip test for detection of oral cavity cancer. Biomed J 2024; 47:100594. [PMID: 37044249 PMCID: PMC10821597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) as one of the most promising salivary biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and developed a sensitive ELISA for MMP-1 with good performance in detection of OSCC using a cohort of 1160 saliva samples. METHODS A time-saving rapid strip test (RST) for MMP-1 was developed in this study and its diagnostic performance compared with ELISA using saliva samples from a new cohort of 603 subjects (171 healthy controls, 236 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, and 196 OSCC patients). RESULTS Salivary MMP-1 levels measured using RST and ELISA were highly comparable and both assays could effectively distinguish between OSCC and non-cancerous groups. Similar to ELISA, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the MMP-1 RST was effective in identifying patients with OSCC at different oral cavity sites and stages. CONCLUSIONS Salivary MMP-1 can be sensitively detected using both RST and ELISA methods. Our newly developed point-of-care MMP-1 RST is a promising in vitro diagnostic device (IVD) that may serve as a novel auxiliary tool in the routine clinical detection and monitoring of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen-Chun Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Chiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, Zhubei City, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Mori K, Komatsu T, Fujiwara Y, Fujita Y. Comparison of the Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Variations in Salivary Melatonin and Sleep Disturbance After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Single-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Study. J Perianesth Nurs 2024; 39:101-108. [PMID: 37791946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anesthesia has been shown to disrupt the circadian rhythm. Recovery of the circadian rhythm after general anesthesia might help alleviate symptoms of insomnia and postoperative delirium. We hypothesized that recovery of the circadian rhythm is faster after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with desflurane than with sevoflurane. This study compared the influence of sevoflurane versus desflurane anesthesia on the postoperative circadian rhythm of melatonin in adults undergoing TKA. DESIGN Single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study. METHODS This study involved adult patients undergoing TKA at a university hospital in Japan from May 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome of the study was the comparison of the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on the circadian rhythm of salivary melatonin for 3 days postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were postoperative fatigue and sleep quality for 3 days postoperatively. FINDINGS Twenty-eight patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II) were scheduled for TKA and randomized to receive sevoflurane (n = 14) or desflurane (n = 14) anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the melatonin concentration between the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. The salivary melatonin concentration after sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia was significantly higher at 9:00 p.m. on a postoperative day (POD)0 and POD1 than on POD3 (P < .05). Patients in the desflurane group had significantly greater fatigue than those in the sevoflurane group at 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on POD3 (P < .05). Patients in the sevoflurane group had a deeper sleep than those in the desflurane group on POD0 (P < .05). In the sevoflurane group, the sleep time during the night of POD2 was longer than that on POD0 (6.1 vs 4.2 hours, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Under the current study conditions, desflurane was equivalent to sevoflurane in terms of the postoperative salivary melatonin concentration and sleep disturbance after TKA but not in terms of recovering the postoperative circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunao Mori
- Nurse Practitioner Office, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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47
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Zamani E, Ksantini N, Sheehy G, Ember KJI, Baloukas B, Zabeida O, Trang T, Mahfoud M, Sapieha JE, Martinu L, Leblond F. Spectral effects and enhancement quantification in healthy human saliva with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver nanopillar substrates. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:206-217. [PMID: 38073098 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for biofluid applications is limited by low inelastic scattering contributions compared to the fluorescence background from biomolecules. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can increase Raman scattering signals, thereby offering the potential to reduce imaging times. We aimed to evaluate the enhancement related to the plasmonic effect and quantify the improvements in terms of spectral quality associated with SERS measurements in human saliva. METHODS Dried human saliva was characterized using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and SERS. A fabrication protocol was implemented leading to the production of silver (Ag) nanopillar substrates by glancing angle deposition. Two different imaging systems were used to interrogate saliva from 161 healthy donors: a custom single-point macroscopic system and a Raman micro-spectroscopy instrument. Quantitative metrics were established to compare spontaneous RS and SERS measurements: the Raman spectroscopy quality factor (QF), the photonic count rate (PR), the signal-to-background ratio (SBR). RESULTS SERS measurements acquired with an excitation energy four times smaller than with spontaneous RS resulted in improved QF, PR values an order of magnitude larger and a SBR twice as large. The SERS enhancement reached 100×, depending on which Raman bands were considered. CONCLUSIONS Single-point measurement of dried saliva with silver nanopillars substrates led to reproducible SERS measurements, paving the way to real-time tools of diagnosis in human biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Zamani
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nassim Ksantini
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sheehy
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine J I Ember
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bill Baloukas
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Oleg Zabeida
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tran Trang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Mahfoud
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ludvik Martinu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Chen L, Yang G, Qu F. Advances of aptamer-based small-molecules sensors in body fluids detection. Talanta 2024; 268:125348. [PMID: 37925822 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of aptamer-based sensing has evolved considerably over the past three decades. The aptamer sensor-based detection of small-molecule targets in body fluids is designed for real-time or rapid, low-cost, non- or minimally invasive tracking and diagnosis of human health status. It can be achieved by specifically monitoring biomarkers or metabolites excreted from various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, ect. This article reviews a comprehensive collection of aptamer-based sensors for detecting small-molecule in various body fluids. A comparative analysis of aptamer features, emerging chemistry, advanced sensing materials, transduction techniques, and detection performance is conducted, and the strengths and pitfalls of each approach are discussed. Finally, the development process and application challenges of aptamer-based sensors in the detection of small-molecule in body fluids are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Feng Qu
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhu Y, Liu M, Chen J. The enhancement mechanisms of mucin and lactoferrin on α-amylase activity in saliva: Exploring the interactions using QCM-D and molecular docking. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128710. [PMID: 38101660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase activity differs between individuals and is influenced by dietary behavior and salivary constituents, but limited information is available on the relationship between α-amylase activity and saliva components. This study investigated the impact of salivary proteins on α-amylase activity, their various correlations, the effect of mucin (MUC5B and MUC7) and lactoferrin on the enzymatic kinetics of α-amylase, and the mechanisms of these interactions using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique and molecular docking. The results showed that α-amylase activity was significantly correlated with the concentrations of MUC5B (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.05), MUC7 (R2 = 0.35, p < 0.05), and lactoferrin (R2 = 0.35, p < 0.05). An in vitro study demonstrated that α-amylase activity could be significantly increased by mucins and lactoferrin by decreasing the Michaelis constant (Km) of α-amylase. Moreover, the results from the QCM-D and molecule docking suggested that mucin and lactoferrin could interact with α-amylase to form stable α-amylase-mucin and α-amylase-lactoferrin complexes through hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonds. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the salivary α-amylase activity depended not only on the α-amylase content, but also could be enhanced by the interactions of mucin/lactoferrin with α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Lechien JR, Bobin F, Vaira LA. Usefulness of pepsin saliva measurement for the detection of primary burning mouth syndrome related to reflux. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:827-833. [PMID: 37906367 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the diagnostic value of salivary pepsin tests for detecting laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS Patients with BMS and asymptomatic individuals were consecutively recruited from September 2018 to June 2023. Patients underwent hypopharyngeal-esophageal impedance pH-monitoring (HEMII-pH) and saliva collections to measure pepsin. Stomatology evaluation was carried out to exclude other causes of BMS. Oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal signs and symptoms were evaluated with Reflux Sign Assessment (RSA) and Reflux Symptom Score (RSS). Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of pepsin test were calculated considering the highest values of pepsin tests at ≥ 16, ≥ 36, and ≥ 100 ng/mL cutoffs. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was evaluated. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with both BMS and LPR at the HEMII-pH and 21 asymptomatic individuals were recruited. Pepsin test was 83.7%, 79.6%, and 71.4% sensitive at cutoffs ≥ 16, ≥ 36, and ≥ 100 ng/mL, respectively. The ROC analysis reported that a threshold of ≥ 21.5 ng/mL was associated with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 81.6%, 81.0%, 90.1% and 65.4%, respectively. The severity score of burning mouth symptom was significantly associated with the saliva pepsin concentration (rs = 0.263; p = 0.029) and the oral RSA (rs = 0.474; p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Pepsin test is a valuable diagnostic approach for detecting LPR in patients with BMS. Patients with high level of saliva pepsin reported more severe burning mouth symptoms. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of LPR in the primary BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R Lechien
- Division of Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Foch Hospital, University Paris Saclay, Paris, France.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Poitiers, France.
| | - Francois Bobin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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