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Calsolaro V, Fan Z, Brooks DJ, Edison P. P4‐065: Role of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and parkinson's disease: [11C]PK11195 PET study. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Fan
- Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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52
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Tognini S, Pasqualetti G, Calsolaro V, Polini A, Monzani F. Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Mild Thyroid Hormone Deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:124-34. [DOI: 10.2174/1872214808666140723111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tognini S, Pasqualetti G, Calsolaro V, Polini A, Caraccio N, Monzani F. Cardiovascular risk and quality of life in elderly people with mild thyroid hormone deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:153. [PMID: 25339939 PMCID: PMC4188129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is a common condition in the general population, the prevalence increases with age, especially in women. An association between sHT and increased coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) risk and mortality has been described. However, this association is far to be established in older people (>65 years), especially in the oldest old (>85 years). Individuals with sHT may experience symptoms that resemble those observed in the overt form of the disease, leading to an impaired quality of life (QoL). Although very old people are frequently frail and potentially more susceptible to the effects of a disease, few studies were designed to assess the effect of sHT on QoL in this subset of population. Interestingly, the serum TSH concentration curve of general population has a skewed distribution with a "tail" toward higher values, which is amplified with aging. Thus, the diagnosis of sHT and the interpretation of its potential effects on CV function and QoL in older people may be a challenge for the clinician. Giving these premises, we reviewed the English scientific literature available on National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.com) since 1980 regarding hypothyroidism, sHT, elderly, cardiovascular risk, CHD or HF events and mortality, health-related QoL, and LT4 therapy. Consistent results among large prospective cohort studies suggest an age-independent relationship between sHT and HF progression, while an impact of sHT on CHD events and mortality is essentially reported in young adults (aged below 65-70 years) with long-lasting disease. Scanty data are available on QoL of older people with sHT (>65 years) and, generally, no significant alterations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tognini
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pasqualetti
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Polini
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadia Caraccio
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabio Monzani, Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa 56100, Italy e-mail:
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Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Siciliano G, Mancuso M. Quality of life in adult patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Neuroepidemiology 2012; 38:194-5. [PMID: 22517049 DOI: 10.1159/000337161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, LoGerfo A, Allegrini L, Petrozzi L, Simoncini C, Rocchi A, Trivella F, Murri L, Siciliano G. Tetracycline treatment in patients with progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Acta Neurol Scand 2011; 124:417-23. [PMID: 21649612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetracyclines could have neuroprotective effects in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. AIMS OF THE STUDY AND METHODS: Objective of this double-blind randomized pilot study (followed by an adjunctive open-label phase) was to evaluate whether tetracycline (500 mg/day × 14 days/month × 3 months) could be useful in patients (n = 16) with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). RESULTS Our results do not formally support any effect of tetracycline on eye motility in PEO. However, some possible protective effects could not be completely ruled out, i.e. a further analysis suggests a possible difference between the tetracycline group and the placebo group, significant at least for oblique motility, when comparing the ratio between the end of the double-blind phase and baseline. Tetracycline could modify some oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with PEO. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to confirm such effects of tetracycline in patients with PEO, if any, and to clarify the mechanisms of action for antioxidant effects of tetracyclines in mitochondrial disorders and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy.
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56
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Mancuso M, Piazza S, Volpi L, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Carlesi C, Rocchi A, Petrozzi L, Calabrese R, Siciliano G. Nerve and muscle involvement in mitochondrial disorders: an electrophysiological study. Neurol Sci 2011; 33:449-52. [PMID: 21751099 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of the peripheral nervous system in mitochondrial disorders (MD) has been previously reported. However, the exact prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and/or myopathy in MD is still unclear. In order to evaluate the prevalence of neuropathy and myopathy in MD, we performed sensory and motor nerve conduction studies (NCS) and concentric needle electromyography (EMG) in 44 unselected MD patients. NCS were abnormal in 36.4% of cases, and were consistent with a sensori-motor axonal multineuropathy (multifocal neuropathy), mainly affecting the lower limbs. EMG evidence of myopathy was present in 54.5% of patients, again mainly affecting the lower limbs. Nerve and muscle involvement was frequently subclinical. Peripheral nerve and muscle involvement is common in MD patients. Our study supports the variability of the clinical expression of MD. Further studies are needed to better understand the molecular basis underlying the phenotypic variability among MD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Orsucci D, Mancuso M, Alì G, Calsolaro V, Ricci G, Gori S, Siciliano G. Inflammatory myopathy in a patient with postural and kinetik tremor. Neurol Sci 2011; 32:1175-8. [PMID: 21556864 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, possibly neurodegenerative, characterized by kinetic tremor at the arms. Here we reported the case of an HCV-positive patient with inflammatory myopathy, who did not develop typical neuromuscular signs or symptoms during at least 7 years of hyperCKemia, in whom kinetic tremor of the arms was the prominent clinical feature, suggesting a possible diagnosis of ET. After 3 months of treatment with corticosteroids/methotrexate, creatine kinase (CK) levels were nearly normal and the tremor was remarkably improved. To our knowledge, similar cases have not been previously reported. Postural tremor can be present in muscular diseases, but only very rarely tremor has been reported as a major clinical feature. Because inflammatory myopathies are potentially treatable conditions it is very important to consider this diagnosis. Our case suggests that in patients with isolated postural and kinetic tremor routine laboratory assays should include CK blood screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Orsucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Volpi L, Calsolaro V, Siciliano G. Coenzyme Q10 in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2010; 11:111-21. [PMID: 20017723 DOI: 10.2174/138945010790031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, or ubiquinone) is an electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (electron transport chain) with antioxidant properties. In view of the involvement of CoQ10 in oxidative phosphorylation and cellular antioxidant protection a deficiency in this quinone would be expected to contribute to disease pathophysiology by causing a failure in energy metabolism and antioxidant status. Indeed, a deficit in CoQ10 status has been determined in a number of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Primary disorders of CoQ10 biosynthesis are potentially treatable conditions and therefore a high degree of clinical awareness about this condition is essential. A secondary loss of CoQ10 status following HMG-Coa reductase inhibitor (statins) treatment has be implicated in the pathophysiology of the myotoxicity associated with this pharmacotherapy. CoQ10 and its analogue, idebenone, have been widely used in the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders. These compounds could potentially play a role in the treatment of mitochondrial disorders, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, and other conditions which have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the physiological roles of CoQ10, as well as the rationale and the role in clinical practice of CoQ10 supplementation in different neurological and muscular diseases, from primary CoQ10 deficiency to neurodegenerative disorders. We also briefly report a case of the myopathic form of CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. Neuroprotective effects of tetracyclines: molecular targets, animal models and human disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2010; 8:222-31. [PMID: 19601819 DOI: 10.2174/187152709788680689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics which could play a therapeutic role in several neurological disorders. Minocycline, extensively studied in animal models, decreased the size of ischaemic and haemorrhagic infarct. In Parkinson's disease models minocycline protected the nigrostriatal pathway, and in Huntington's disease and motoneuron disease models delayed the progression of disease extending the lifespan. Finally, in human diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis tetracyclines seem to play some neuroprotective role. The main biological effects of tetracyclines are the inhibition of microglial activation, the attenuation of apoptosis, and the suppression of reactive oxygen species production. These mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Several reports showed that minocycline reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, stabilized mitochondrial membranes, and reduced the release into the cytoplasm of apoptotic factors. Other effects include up-regulation of mitochondrial bcl-2 (an antiapoptotic protein), direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinases. It is still unclear which of these mechanisms plays the pivotal role in neuroprotective properties of tetracyclines. The anti-apoptotic effect of tetracyclines probably involves the mitochondrion. The major target for tetracyclines in neurodegeneration could lie within the complex network that links mitochondria, oxidative stress, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and apoptosis. Here, we review the neuroprotective effects of tetracyclines in animal models and in human disease, and we focus on their possible mechanism(s) of action, with special regard to mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Orsucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Italy.
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60
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, LoGerfo A, Calsolaro V, Siciliano G. Clinical Features and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Involvement of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial DNA. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2010; 685:34-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6448-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Choub A, Siciliano G. Coenzyme Q10 and Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2009; 2:134-149. [PMID: 27713230 PMCID: PMC3978538 DOI: 10.3390/ph203134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, or ubiquinone) is a small electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties. CoQ10 supplementation has been widely used for mitochondrial disorders. The rationale for using CoQ10 is very powerful when this compound is primary decreased because of defective synthesis. Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a treatable condition, so heightened "clinical awareness" about this diagnosis is essential. CoQ10 and its analogue, idebenone, have also been widely used in the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders. These compounds could potentially play a therapeutic role in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, and other conditions which have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the physiological roles of CoQ10, as well as the rationale and the role in clinical practice of CoQ10 supplementation in different neurological diseases, from primary CoQ10 deficiency to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
| | - Daniele Orsucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Anna Choub
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
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62
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Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Calsolaro V, Choub A, Siciliano G. Coenzyme Q10 and Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2009. [PMID: 27713230 PMCID: PMC3978538 DOI: 10.3390/ph2030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, or ubiquinone) is a small electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties. CoQ10 supplementation has been widely used for mitochondrial disorders. The rationale for using CoQ10 is very powerful when this compound is primary decreased because of defective synthesis. Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a treatable condition, so heightened "clinical awareness" about this diagnosis is essential. CoQ10 and its analogue, idebenone, have also been widely used in the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders. These compounds could potentially play a therapeutic role in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich's ataxia, and other conditions which have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the physiological roles of CoQ10, as well as the rationale and the role in clinical practice of CoQ10 supplementation in different neurological diseases, from primary CoQ10 deficiency to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.
| | - Daniele Orsucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Valeria Calsolaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Anna Choub
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy
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Mancuso M, Calsolaro V, Orsucci D, Carlesi C, Choub A, Piazza S, Siciliano G. Mitochondria, cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 2009. [PMID: 20798880 PMCID: PMC2925259 DOI: 10.4061/2009/951548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the beta amyloid (Abeta) cascade hypothesis remains the main pathogenetic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its role in the majority of sporadic AD cases is unclear. The "mitochondrial cascade hypothesis" could explain many of the biochemical, genetic, and pathological features of sporadic AD. Somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could cause energy failure, increased oxidative stress, and accumulation of Abeta, which in a vicious cycle reinforce the mtDNA damage and the oxidative stress. Despite the evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, no causative mutations in the mtDNA have been detected so far. Indeed, results of studies on the role of mtDNA haplogroups in AD are controversial. In this review we discuss the role of the mitochondria, and especially of the mtDNA, in the cascade of events leading to neurodegeneration, dementia, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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