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Xin ZC, Choi YD, Lee WH, Choi YJ, Yang WJ, Choi HK, Kim DK. Penile vibratory threshold changes with various doses of SS-cream in patients with primary premature ejaculation. Yonsei Med J 2000; 41:29-33. [PMID: 10731916 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2000.41.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SS-cream made with extracts from natural products is a topical agent for treating premature ejaculation (PE). In order to elucidate the penile vibratory threshold changes and clinical effects of various doses of SS-cream, 53 patients with primary PE were investigated in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. The mean age was 37.3 +/- 6.4 years and mean ejaculatory latency was 1.37 +/- 0.52 minutes. Neither the patients nor their sexual partners were satisfied with their sexual lives. Vibratory threshold at the glans penis, penile shaft, scrotum and index finger were measured using a biothesiometer twice during the screening period and three times one hour after the application of respective creams (SS-cream 0.05, 0.10. 0.15, 0.20 gm and placebo 0.10 gm) on the glans penis according to the order of the allocation table in a randomized fashion. The efficacy of SS-cream was defined as when the vibration threshold increased by more than 4 microns compared to the value tested during the screening period. The vibratory thresholds at the glans penis increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after the application of various doses (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 gm) of SS-cream (p < 0.001), and the efficacy of SS-cream on the penile vibration threshold increased according to the increased dosage (penile shaft: 48.4, 51.6, 54.8, 64.5%, glans penis: 58.1, 67.7, 77.4, 83.9%, respectively). With these results, we concluded that SS-cream increased the penile sensory threshold dose dependently, and therefore it is clinically effective for treating the heightened penile sensory response in patients with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Xin
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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52
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Abstract
Lysozyme is well known for the ability to hydrolyze the cell wall of bacteria. Based on the similarity of structure between lysozyme and histones as seen from the results of X-ray crystal structure determinations, we have postulated that binding to nucleic acids may be another biological function of lysozyme. We have therefore begun a systematic study of the interactions of lysozyme and related molecules with nucleic acids, and present here a preliminary report. Binding to DNA and RNA has been demonstrated from gel electrophoresis, enzyme activity, and coprecipitation studies. We suggest that this function of lysozyme will provide an explanation why Lee-Huang et al. (1999) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2678-2681] were able to call lysozyme a "killer protein" against the AIDS virus, and may provide a new avenue of research on AIDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Steinrauf
- Departments of Biological Science and Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Republic of China.
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53
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Yang WJ, Yang C, Zhang ZY. [TMJ ankylosis caused by purulent TMJ arthritis concomitant with femoral osteomyelitis: Case report]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1999; 8:187. [PMID: 15048260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Department Of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University. Shanghai 200011, China
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54
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Abstract
Three chromatophorotropic neuropeptide hormones were purified from an aqueous extract of the sinus glands of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus by two steps of reverse-phase HPLC and their amino acid sequences determined. One of them was found to show pigment concentrating activity and to have an amino acid sequence identical with that of the known red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), and therefore it was named Pej-RPCH. The other two peptides showed pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) activity and were named Pej-PDH-I and -II. They both consisted of 18 amino acid residues with a free amino-terminus and an amidated carboxyl-terminus, the sequences of Pej-PDH-I and -II being NSELINSLLGIPKVMTDAamide and NSELINSLLGLPKFMIDAamide, respectively. Three amino acid residues at positions 11, 14, and 16 differed between the two PDHs. Pej-PDH-II was about 5-, 7-, and 10-fold more potent than Pej-PDH-I for erythrophores, xanthophores, and melanophores, respectively. The major reason for the difference in potency between the two PDHs was attributed to differences in residues at position 16. In addition, they were found to be produced by a single individual. The order of sensitivity of the four types of chromatophores to Pej-RPCH and both PDHs was found to be erythrophores = xanthophores > melanophores > leukophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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55
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Zhang JG, Dong XZ, Yang WJ, Lu Q, He L. Population distributions of allele frequency of apolipoprotein E by age and gender in Han Chinese. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999; 20:218-22. [PMID: 10452095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study apolipoproteins E (ApoE) allele frequency in Han Chinese based on age and gender from Shanghai metropolitan area. METHODS Healthy Han Chinese people (F: 237 and M: 412) were involved in this study. ApoE gene was amplified by PCR using the forward primer: 5'-GGC ACG GCT GTC CAA GGA GCT-3' and reverse primer: 5'-GAT GGC GCT GAG GCC GCG CT-3'. The PCR product was digested directly with 5 units of CfoI and separated by a 20% polyacrylamide nondenaturing gel. RESULTS ApoE*3 was the commonest allele which accounted for 86.4% of the isoforms, and ApoE*2 and ApoE*4 accounted for 6.2% and 7.5%, respectively. The allele and genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by comparison with that of the corresponding theoretical distribution (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The frequencies of ApoE*2, ApoE*3, and ApoE*4 were demonstrated in the normal Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Zhang
- Section of Human Genome Project, Shanghai Research Center of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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56
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Lin BL, Yang WJ. Blue light and abscisic acid independently induce heterophyllous switch in marsilea quadrifolia. Plant Physiol 1999; 119:429-34. [PMID: 9952437 PMCID: PMC32118 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.2.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/1998] [Accepted: 11/10/1998] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In natural habitats Marsilea quadrifolia L. produces different types of leaves above and below the water level. In aseptic cultures growth conditions can be manipulated so that leaves of the submerged type are produced continuously. Under such conditions the application of either blue light or an optimal concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) induced the development of aerial-type leaves. When fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, was added to the culture medium it did not prevent blue light induction of aerial leaf development. During blue light treatment the endogenous ABA level in M. quadrifolia leaves remained unchanged. However, after the plants were transferred to an enriched medium, the ABA level gradually increased, corresponding to a transition in development from the submerged type of leaves to aerial leaves. These results indicate that the blue light signal is not mediated by ABA. Therefore, in the regulation of heterophyllous determination, discrete pathways exist in response to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- BL Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China (B.-L.L., W.-J.Y.)
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57
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Au LC, Yang FY, Yang WJ, Lo SH, Kao CF. Gene synthesis by a LCR-based approach: high-level production of leptin-L54 using synthetic gene in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:200-3. [PMID: 9675111 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic genes are very useful in genetic and protein engineering. Here we propose a general method for construction of synthetic genes. Short oligonucleotides are joined through ligase chain reaction (LCR) in high stringency conditions to make "unit fragments" which are then fused to form a full-length gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction. The procedure is simple and accurate and does not place constraints on sequence and length. In this report, a recombinant leptin gene was synthesized according to the codon preference of Escherichia coli. Besides, a substitution of the only Met at position 54 for Leu and an addition of a Met at the N-terminus were introduced in the synthetic gene. The gene was cloned in the pQE-31 expression vector and was expressed in E. coli. A large amount of recombinant leptin containing 6 x His tag was produced and purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. Finally, intact leptin-L54 was released after removing the tag by CNBr cleavage at the Met residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Au
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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58
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Wu JL, Hsu MS, Hsu TC, Chen LH, Yang WJ, Tsai YC. The efficacy of intrathecal coadministration of morphine and bupivacaine for labor analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1997; 35:209-16. [PMID: 9553236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathecal (i.t.) opioids can provide labor analgesia, but the onset of pain relief is slow. Bupivacaine has the beneficial property of less motor blockade than other local anesthetics. This study retrospectively examined the efficacy of concomitant use of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine for labor pain relief. METHODS Fifty five nulliparas who requested analgesia in the active phase (IA group) prior to a cervical dilation 3.9 +/- 0.6 cm and received i.t. morphine 0.5 mg and 0.1% bupivacaine 2.5 mg served as the treatment group, and 88 similar nulliparas who did not request and receive analgesia served as the control group. RESULTS The mean onset time of analgesia was 2.6 +/- 0.5 min, the duration was 4-12 h and 93% of parturients did not request additional analgesia after a single injection of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine. The active phase of the first and second stages of labor in the treatment group were significantly longer [318 +/- 214 min vs. 176 +/- 120 min; 74 +/- 29 min vs. 37 +/- 26 min]. Frequency of instrument-assisted vaginal delivery was higher compared with the control group (30.9% vs. 14.1%). However, there were no significant differences in the rate of cesarean section and the Apgar scores of newborns at 1 min and 5 min between the treatment and control group. The major side effects of the treatment group included pruritus (48%), nausea (40%), vomiting (37%), somnolence (27%), shivering (27%), urinary retention (21%), hypotension (15%), and bradycardia (13%). Most of the side effects were mild and could be alleviated by naloxone. Neither post-spinal headache nor respiratory depression was noted. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that a single injection of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine provided rapid onset and effective analgesia with manageable side effects and without major complications. Thus, i.t. morphine and bupivacaine provides an alternative to epidural analgesia for most women in labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taiwan Provincial Poutzu Hospital, R.O.C
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59
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Abstract
By means of a single-step reversed-phase HPLC, six CHH family peptides were isolated from sinus gland extracts of the kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus. Five of these peptides (Pej-SGP-I, -II, -III, -V, and -VI) expressed hyperglycemic activity and were considered to be the hyperglycemic hormones of this prawn. The amino acid sequences of the five peptides were determined (the amino acid sequence of Pej-SGP-III had been previously determined), revealing that all consisted of 72 amino acid residues with a free amino-terminus and an amidated carboxyl-terminus. They showed considerable sequence similarity to one another, but much less similarity to Pej-SGP-IV with molt-inhibiting activity, the sequence of which had also been determined previously. Examination of the dose-response relationship of these peptides showed that they were equally potent but had different efficacies, which were in the order of Pej-SGP-V, -VI > -III, -I > -II, corresponding well with their sequence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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60
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Nagasawa H, Yang WJ, Shimizu H, Aida K, Tsutsumi H, Terauchi A, Sonobe H. Isolation and amino acid sequence of a molt-inhibiting hormone from the American crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996; 60:554-6. [PMID: 8901124 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A molt-inhibiting hormone (Prc-MIH) was isolated from the sinus glands of the American crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and its amino acid sequence was determined. It comprised 75 amino acid residues and had an amidated carboxyl terminus. The amino acid sequence was much more similar to MIH of the shore crab (Cam-MIH) than to MIH of the American lobster (Hoa-MIH).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagasawa
- Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan
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61
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Jou R, Kan S, Yang WJ, Huang C, Chang MK, Liau MY. [Study on the stability of Japanese encephalitis vaccine--development of freeze-dry dosage form]. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1996; 29:57-64. [PMID: 10592787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to prolong shelf-life and improve the quality of the vaccine product, not only an effective stabilizer but also a more proper dosage form has been sought. The stability of a Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine produced from mouse brain along with a variety of stabilizers and lyophilization protocols was evaluated. Without any stabilizers added, almost 90% of the antigenicity would vanish after freeze-drying process. Comparative studies of various compounds, including carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides and medium 199, on both antigenicity preservation and thermostability of the vaccine were carried out. The results indicated that the best reconstituted vaccines were prepared with two stabilizer formulations, sucrose and sucrose/gelatin. They were further examined by accelerated stability test at room and higher temperatures. The sucrose-added lyophilized vaccine can retain its original antigenicity for more than 60 days both at 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C. We conclude the thermostability efficiency of each of the stabilizers tested is as that follows: sucrose > sucrose/gelatin > gelatin/medium > gelatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jou
- Division of Biologics' Product Production, National Institute of Preventive Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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62
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Launois SH, Remsburg S, Yang WJ, Weiss JW. Relationship between velopharyngeal dimensions and palatal EMG during progressive hypercapnia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 80:478-85. [PMID: 8929587 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.2.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the contribution of specific palatal muscles to velopharyngeal dimensions, we recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity in the levator veli palatini, the tensor veli palatini, and the palatoglossus while examining the velopharynx (VP) with videoendoscopy in eight awake normal adults. Simultaneous display of VP images and airflow provided precise timing of events. Video images and EMG signals were recorded during progressive hypercapnia. Every tenth breath was analyzed. For each selected breath, VP area, anteroposterior and lateral diameters, and EMG activity were determined at five points: beginning, middle, and end of inspiration and middle and end of expiration. VP measurements changed significantly during the respiratory cycle. Although maximum area was measured at end inspiration or middle expiration and minimum area at the beginning or end of the breath, respiratory-related changes in VP measurements and EMG activity were characterized by substantial inter- and intrasubject variability. This variability is similar to velopharyngeal behavior during nonrespiratory tasks and suggests that upper airway patency is determined by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Launois
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute and the Harvard-Thorndike Laboratory of Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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63
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Abstract
Six major peptides (Pej-SGP-I-VI) that belong to the CHH family have been isolated from the sinus gland extracts of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus. By in vitro assay using the Y-organ of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, Pej-SGP-IV was found to be active in inhibiting ecdysteroid synthesis. We determined the complete amino acid sequence. Pej-SGP-IV consists of 77 amino acid residues, with both free aimno- and carboxyl-termini. The sequence of Pej-SGP-IV shows considerable similarity to that of MIH of the shore crab Carcinus maenas and less similarity to Pej-SGP-III, whose sequence has been previously determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Japan
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64
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Jou HJ, Lien YR, Chang HC, Yang WJ, Hsieh ML, Ko TM. In vitro fertilization pregnancy achieved with epididymal caput sperm of a patient with obstructive azoospermia. J Formos Med Assoc 1995; 94:566-7. [PMID: 8696172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful epididymal sperm aspiration, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in a woman whose husband had previously undergone extensive attempts at recanalization of the spermatic ducts is reported. A twin pregnancy was achieved using sperm obtained from the husband's epididymal caput. This case demonstrates that pregnancy can be achieved by this reproductive technique in cases of obstructive azoospermia, even after extensive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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65
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Yang WJ, Nadolska-Orczyk A, Wood KV, Hahn DT, Rich PJ, Wood AJ, Saneoka H, Premachandra GS, Bonham CC, Rhodes JC. Near-isogenic lines of maize differing for glycinebetaine. Plant Physiol 1995; 107:621-30. [PMID: 7724675 PMCID: PMC157166 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.2.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of near-isogenic glycinebetaine-containing and -deficient F8 pairs of Zea mays L. (maize) lines were developed. The pairs of lines differ for alternative alleles of a single locus; the wild-type allele conferring glycinebetaine accumulation is designated Bet1 and the mutant (recessive) allele is designated bet1. The near-isogenic lines were used to investigate whether glycinebetaine deficiency affects the pool size of the glycinebetaine precursor, choline, using a new method for glycinebetaine and choline determination: stable isotope dilution plasma desorption mass spectrometry. Glycinebetaine deficiency in maize was associated with a significant expansion of the free choline pool, but the difference in choline pool size was not equal to the difference in glycinebetaine pool size, suggesting that choline must down-regulate its own synthesis. Consistent with this, glycinebetaine deficiency was also associated with the accumulation of the choline precursor, serine. A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker was identified that detects the bet1 allele. In 62 F8 families tested the 10-mer primer 5'-GTCCTCGTAG produced a 1.2-kb polymerase chain reaction product only when DNA from Bet1/bet1 or bet1/bet1 lines was used as template. All 26 homozygous Bet1/Bet1 F8 families tested were null for this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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66
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Li WP, Yao ZB, Yang WJ, Chen YC, Peng WH, Hu P. Study of the external counterpulsation (ECP) therapy for senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Chin Med J (Engl) 1994; 107:755-60. [PMID: 7835102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten patients with SDAT received the ECP therapy. The examination of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS), single photor emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging, and some biochemical parameters in blood and CSF were selected to evaluate the effect of ECP for SDAT. After ECP treatment, the average HDS score of the patients increased, the value of P was close to 0.05; and the cortical cerebellar ratios of SPECT brain scan, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), dynorphin AL-13 (Dyn Al-13) in blood and/or CSF were significantly elevated. The results indicated that ECP could not only improve cerebral blood flow, but also make a notable impact on biological active substances in blood and CSF. It is suggested that ECP is beneficial to SDAT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou
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67
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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68
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Abstract
To understand the role of fluid dynamics in atherogenesis, especially the effect of the flexibility of arteries, a two-dimensional numerical model for blood flow at the aortic bifurcation with linear viscoelastic walls is developed. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method is adopted to deal with the moving boundary problem. The wall expansion induces flow reversals or eddies during the decelerating systole while the wall contraction restricts them during the diastole. A flexible bifurcation experiences the shear stresses about 10 percent lower than those of a rigid one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lou
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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69
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Ha HK, Kang MW, Park JM, Yang WJ, Shinn KS, Bahk YW. Lung abscess. Percutaneous catheter therapy. Acta Radiol 1993; 34:362-5. [PMID: 8318298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung abscess was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage in 5 of 6 patients. Complete abscess resolution occurred in 4 patients, partial resolution in one, and no response in one. The duration of drainage ranged from 7 to 18 days (mean 15.5 days) in successful cases. The failure of drainage in one neurologically impaired patient was attributed to persistent aspiration. In 2 patients, concurrent pleural empyema was also cured. CT provided the anatomic details necessary for choosing the puncture site and avoiding puncture of the lung parenchyma. Percutaneous catheter drainage is a safe and effective method for treating lung abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Ha
- Department of Radiology, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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70
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Abstract
An analysis was performed to determine the error that results from the estimation of the wall shear rates based on linear and quadratic curve-fittings of the measured velocity profiles. For steady, fully developed flow in a straight vessel, the error for the linear method is linearly related to the distance between the probe and the wall, dr1, and the error for the quadratic method is zero. With pulsatile flow, especially a physiological pulsatile flow in a large artery, the thickness of the velocity boundary layer, delta is small, and the error in the estimation of wall shear based on curve fitting is much higher than that with steady flow. In addition, there is a phase lag between the actual shear rate and the measured one. In oscillatory flow, the error increases with the distance ratio dr1/delta and, for a quadratic method, also with the distance ratio dr2/dr1, where dr2 is the distance of the second probe from the wall. The quadratic method has a distinct advantage in accuracy over the linear method when dr1/delta << 1, i.e. when the first velocity point is well within the boundary layer. The use of this analysis in arterial flow involves many simplifications, including Newtonian fluid, rigid walls, and the linear summation of the harmonic components, and can provide more qualitative than quantitative guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lou
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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71
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Abstract
A two-dimensional numerical model was developed to determine the effect of the non-Newtonian behavior of blood on a pulsatile flow at the aortic bifurcation. The blood rheology was described by a weak-form Casson equation. The successive-over-relaxation (SOR) method was used to solve both the vorticity and Poisson equations numerically. It was disclosed that the non-Newtonian property of blood did not drastically change the flow patterns, but caused an appreciable increase in the shear stresses and a slightly higher resistance to both flow separations and the phase shifts between flow layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lou
- Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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72
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Aozasa K, Yang WJ, Lee YB, Pan WS, Wy YF, Horiuchi K, Hyun BH, Tajima K. Lethal midline granuloma in Seoul (Korea) and Shanghai (China). Int J Cancer 1992; 52:673-4. [PMID: 1399151 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910520429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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73
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Abstract
Phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26) was purified from rat intestinal mucosa. The purified enzyme preparation exhibited two protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with estimated molecular masses of 70 kDa and 90 kDa. Rabbit antisera prepared against the 90K subunit cross-reacted with the 70K subunit on immunoblotting. The peptide maps of the 70K and 90K subunits were similar, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two subunit proteins were almost identical. Treatments to remove sugar moieties from the proteins showed that the two subunit proteins had different oligosaccharide chains, although the difference in their molecular masses was not due to the difference in their oligosaccharide compositions. The purified enzyme also showed activity of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.1), but the properties of the two enzyme activities were different; the optimum pH for phytase activity was 7.5, while that for alkaline phosphatase was 10.4. Phytase activity did not necessarily require divalent cations, while Mg2+ was essential for alkaline phosphatase activity. Phenylalanine, a specific inhibitor of intestine-type alkaline phosphatase had no effect on the phytase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Osaka University, Japan
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74
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Abstract
The activities of phytase and alkaline phosphatase in the intestine gradually increased in parallel during development of rats, but the 70K and 90K subunits were expressed differentially; only the 70K subunit was detected at birth, whereas the 90K subunit appeared at the weaning period (3 weeks after birth). When rats were forced to wean at 18 days old and fed laboratory chow, the enzyme activity increased markedly and the 90K subunit appeared within 1 day. These findings suggest that weaning is involved in the change in the subunit composition. Increases in the enzyme activity and amount of the 90K subunit were significantly delayed by feeding weanling animals on casein diet, but induced significantly by feeding them on casein diet supplemented with phytate. Thus induction of the 90K subunit seems to be accelerated by intake of phytic acid in the diet. The Km value of the enzyme from suckling rats for phytate was 5.25 mM, while that of adult rats was 0.213 mM. In contrast, the Km value for p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) was constant during development. The phytase activity of suckling rats did not show a distinct pH-dependence. These findings suggest that the 90K subunit may play some important roles in expressing an efficient phytase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Osaka University, Japan
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75
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Wood KV, Stringham KJ, Smith DL, Volenec JJ, Hendershot KL, Jackson KA, Rich PJ, Yang WJ, Rhodes D. Betaines of alfalfa : characterization by fast atom bombardment and desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Plant Physiol 1991; 96:892-7. [PMID: 16668271 PMCID: PMC1080861 DOI: 10.1104/pp.96.3.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was found to contain prolinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, hydroxyprolinebetaine, and glycinebetaine. As n-butyl esters, these chemical species exhibit molecular cations at mass/charge ratio (m/z) 200, 214, 216, and 174, respectively, when analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The underivatized betaines exhibit protonated molecular ions at m/z 144, 158, 160, and 118, respectively, when analyzed by desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Extensive (>45-fold) genotypic variation for hydroxyprolinebetaine level was identified in alfalfa. Because a significant inverse correlation between prolinebetaine and hydroxyprolinebetaine levels was observed among 15 alfalfa genotypes evaluated, it is possible that these compounds may be derived from a common intermediate. Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) contained prolinebetaine, but only traces of glycinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, and hydroxyprolinebetaine. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) lacked prolinebetaine, pipecolatebetaine, and hydroxyprolinebetaine, but contained appreciable levels of both glycinebetaine and trigonelline. Trigonelline was not detectable in the leaf tissue of any alfalfa genotype or cultivar evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Wood
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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76
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Lerma C, Rich PJ, Ju GC, Yang WJ, Hanson AD, Rhodes D. Betaine deficiency in maize : complementation tests and metabolic basis. Plant Physiol 1991; 95:1113-9. [PMID: 16668098 PMCID: PMC1077659 DOI: 10.1104/pp.95.4.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a betaine-accumulating species, but certain maize genotypes lack betaine almost completely; a single recessive gene has been implicated as the cause of this deficiency (D Rhodes, PJ Rich [1988] Plant Physiol 88: 102-108). This study was undertaken to determine whether betaine deficiency in diverse maize germplasm is conditioned by the same genetic locus, and to define the biochemical lesion(s) involved. Complementation tests indicated that all 13 deficient genotypes tested shared a common locus. One maize population (P77) was found to be segregating for betaine deficiency, and true breeding individuals were used to produce related lines with and without betaine. Leaf tissue of both betaine-positive and betaine-deficient lines readily converted supplied betaine aldehyde to betaine, but only the betaine-containing line was able to oxidize supplied choline to betaine. This locates the lesion in betaine-deficient plants at the choline --> betaine aldehyde step of betaine synthesis. Consistent with this location, betaine-deficient plants were shown to have no detectable endogenous pool of betaine aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lerma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000 México D.F., México
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77
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Abstract
A whole-body heat balance model during hyperthermia is developed. In the model, local temperature is calculated using a finite-element model. The perfusion blood, along with its energy, is circulated to the rest of the body, where the heat dissipation is calculated using lumped segments. With this model the effects of the electromagnetic power dosage on the body core temperature and the responses of other body elements are analysed for the human thoracic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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78
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Yang WJ. [Three antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia--a controlled and double-blind study]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1988; 21:277-80, 318-9. [PMID: 3069383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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79
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80
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Abstract
A reflection-interference technique is developed that produces interference fringes by light beams reflected from a droplet surface. The instantaneous size and profile of a sessile droplet can be evaluated from the height and width of the fringe patterns. The method can also determine the contact angle between the droplet and the substrate.
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81
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82
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Abstract
A numerical model is developed to predict the complex velocity, shear and pressure fields in steady turbulent flow through a disk-type prosthetic heart valve in a constant diameter chamber. The governing Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to a set of simultaneous algebraic finite-difference equations which are solved by a fast-converging line-iterations technique. A two-parameter, two-equation model is employed to determine the turbulent viscosity. Numerical results are obtained for stream function, vorticity, and shear and normal stresses. The regions of very high shear and normal stresses in the fluid and at the walls are identified. The maximum value of the shear stress occurring near the upstream corner of the disk may cause hemolysis. The technique can be used together with in-vitro physical experiments to evaluate existing or future prosthetic heart valve designs.
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83
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Yang WJ. [Clinical study of coal-dust blast injury in 23 cases]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1982; 20:679-81, 703. [PMID: 7182147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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84
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85
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Chao KN, Eisley JG, Yang WJ. Heat and water migration through normal skin: part 1--steady state. Med Biol Eng Comput 1979; 17:301-10. [PMID: 317325 DOI: 10.1007/bf02443814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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86
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Chao KN, Eisley JG, Yang WJ. Heat and water migration through normal skin: part 2--unsteady state. Med Biol Eng Comput 1979; 17:311-5. [PMID: 317326 DOI: 10.1007/bf02443815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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88
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Yang WJ, Echigo R, Wotton DR, Ou JW, Hwang JB. Mass transfer from gas bubbles to impinging flow of biological fluids with chemical reaction. Biophys J 1972; 12:1391-404. [PMID: 4642218 PMCID: PMC1484192 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(72)86170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rates of mass transfer from a gas bubble to an impinging flow of a biological fluid such as whole blood and plasma are investigated analytically and experimentally. Gases commonly found dissolved in body fluids are included. Consideration is given to the effects of the chemical reaction between the dissolved gas and the liquid on the rate of mass transfer. Through the application of boundary layer theory the over-all transfer is found to be Sh/(Re)(1/2) = 0.845 Sc(1/3) in the absence of chemical reaction, and Sh/(Re) (1/2) = F' (0) in the presence of chemical reaction, where Sh, Re, and Sc are the Sherwood, Reynolds, and Schmidt numbers, respectively, and F' (0) is a function of Sc and the dimensionless reaction rate constant. Analytical results are also obtained for the bubble lifetime and the bubble radius-time history. These results, which are not incompatible with experimental results, can be applied to predict the dissolution of the entrapped gas emboli in the circulatory system of the human body.
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89
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Yang WJ, Liang CY. Dynamics of dissolution of gas bubbles or pockets in tissues. J Biomech 1972; 5:321-32. [PMID: 4666195 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(72)90061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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90
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91
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Tanasawa I, Echigo R, Wotton DR, Nomura M, Yang WJ. Measurements of mass diffusivity of gases in plasma and reaction velocity constant in bloods. J Biomech 1971; 4:265-73. [PMID: 5122819 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(71)90032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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92
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Yang WJ, Echigo R, Wotton DR, Hwang JB. Experimental studies of the dissolution of gas bubbles in whole blood and plasma. II. Moving bubbles or liquids. J Biomech 1971; 4:283-8. [PMID: 5122821 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(71)90034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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93
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Yang WJ, Echigo R, Wotton DR, Hwang JB. Experimental studies of the dissolution of gas bubbles in whole blood and plasma. I. Stationary bubbles. J Biomech 1971; 4:275-81. [PMID: 5122820 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(71)90033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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94
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95
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Tanasawa I, Wotton DR, Yang WJ, Clark DW. Experimental study of air bubbles in a simulated cardio-pulmonary bypass system with flow constriction. J Biomech 1970; 3:417-24. [PMID: 5521555 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(70)90014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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96
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97
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