51
|
Lin YS, Kuan CS, Weng IS, Tsai CC. Cultivar identification and genetic relationship of pineapple (Ananas comosus) cultivars using SSR markers. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:15035-43. [PMID: 26634465 DOI: 10.4238/2015.november.24.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The genetic relationships among 27 pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] cultivars and lines were examined using 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The number of alleles per locus of the SSR markers ranged from 2 to 6 (average 3.19), for a total of 51 alleles. Similarity coefficients were calculated on the basis of 51 amplified bands. A dendrogram was created according to the 16 SSR markers by the unweighted pair-group method. The banding patterns obtained from the SSR primers allowed most of the cultivars and lines to be distinguished, with the exception of vegetative clones. According to the dendrogram, the 27 pineapple cultivars and lines were clustered into three main clusters and four individual clusters. As expected, the dendrogram showed that derived cultivars and lines are closely related to their parental cultivars; the genetic relationships between pineapple cultivars agree with the genealogy of their breeding history. In addition, the analysis showed that there is no obvious correlation between SSR markers and morphological characters. In conclusion, SSR analysis is an efficient method for pineapple cultivar identification and can offer valuable informative characters to identify pineapple cultivars in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lin
- Crops Improvement Division, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C S Kuan
- Department of Horticulture, Chiayi Agricultural Experimental Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I S Weng
- Crops Improvement Division, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C C Tsai
- Crops Improvement Division, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Lai JM, Tsai CC, Yen CR, Ko YZ, Chen SR, Weng IS, Lin YS, Chiang YC. Molecular characterization of twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers in the polyploid fruit tree species Syzygium samarangense (Myrtaceae). Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:13013-21. [PMID: 26505454 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.21.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry (wax apple) is an important commercial fruit tree in Southeast Asia. Here, microsatellite markers were developed to evaluate genetic diversity and distinguish cultivars in this species. In total, 161 microsatellite loci with sufficient flanking sequences to design primer sets were isolated from wax apple using a magnetic bead-enrichment method. Fifty-eight primer sets were designed based on the flanking sequences of each single sequence repeat (SSR) locus and were tested using 14 wax apple cultivars/lines. Twenty SSR loci were found to be polymorphic and transferable across the 14 wax apple cultivars/lines. The number of alleles and effective number of alleles detected per locus ranged from 4 to 12 and from 1.697 to 9.800, respectively. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.150 to 0.595 (mean = 0.414). Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.502 to 0.866 (mean = 0.763). These new microsatellite loci will be of value for characterization of genetic diversity in wax apples and for the identification of cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Lai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C C Tsai
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C R Yen
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y Z Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S R Chen
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - I S Weng
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lin
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
Dengue virus infection presents a wide spectrum of manifestations including asymptomatic condition, dengue fever (DF), or severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in affected individuals. The early prediction of severe dengue in patients without any warning signs who may later develop severe DHF is very important to choose appropriate intensive supportive therapy since available vaccines for immunization are yet to be approved. Severe dengue responses include T and B cell activation and apoptosis, cytokine storm, hematologic disorders and complement activation. Cytokines, complement and other unidentified factors may transiently act on the endothelium and alter normal fluid barrier function of the endothelial cells and cause plasma leakage. In this review, the host factors such as activated immune and endothelial cells and their products which can be utilized as biomarkers for severe dengue disease are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Vanitha John
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Obesity is the major risk factor for early puberty, but emerging evidence indicates other factors including psychosocial stress. One key brain region notable for its role in controlling calorie intake, stress, and behavior is the amygdala. Early studies involving amygdala lesions that included the medial nucleus advanced puberty in rats. More recently it was shown that a critical site for lesion-induced hyperphagia and obesity is the posterodorsal subnucleus of the medial amygdala (MePD), which may explain the advancement of puberty. Glutamatergic activity also increases in the MePD during puberty without a corresponding γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic change, suggesting an overall activation of this brain region. In the present study, we report that neurotoxic lesioning of the MePD advances puberty and increases weight gain in female rats fed a normal diet. However, MePD lesioned rats fed a 25% nonnutritive bulk diet also showed the dramatic advancement of puberty but without the increase in body weight. In both dietary groups, MePD lesions resulted in an increase in socialization and a decrease in play fighting behavior. Chronic GABAA receptor antagonism in the MePD from postnatal day 21 for 14 days also advanced puberty, increased socialization, and decreased play fighting without altering body weight, whereas glutamate receptor antagonism delayed puberty and decreased socialization without affecting play fighting. In conclusion, our results suggest the MePD regulates the timing of puberty via a novel mechanism independent of change in body weight and caloric intake. MePD glutamatergic systems advance the timing of puberty whereas local GABAergic activation results in a delay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - M H Hu
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - B P Hanley
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - Y S Lin
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - L Poston
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - S L Lightman
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| | - K T O'Byrne
- Division of Women's Health (X.F.L., M.H.L., B.P.H., Y.S.L., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
|
56
|
Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS, Lin CF. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198099 PMCID: PMC4510498 DOI: 10.1038/srep12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous plasma protein, exhibits pleiotropic properties in inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as evidenced in various animal models and cultured cells. Here, we demonstrate that kallistatin levels were positively correlated with the concentration of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), indicating a compensatory mechanism. Lower ratio of kallistatin to total protein in BALF showed a significant trend toward elevated neutrophil counts (P = 0.002) in BALF and increased mortality (P = 0.046). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, expression of human kallistatin in lung by gene transfer with human kallistatin-encoding plasmid ameliorated acute lung injury (ALI) and reduced cytokine/chemokine levels in BALF. These mice exhibited attenuated lung epithelial apoptosis and decreased Fas/FasL expression compared to the control mice. Mouse survival was improved by kallistatin gene transfer or recombinant human kallistatin treatment after LPS challenge. In LPS-stimulated A549 human lung epithelial cells, kallistatin attenuated apoptosis, down-regulated Fas/FasL signaling, suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited ROS-mediated NF-κB activation and inflammation. Furthermore, LPS-induced apoptosis was blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or NF-κB inhibitor via down-regulating Fas expression. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of kallistatin for sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan [2] Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Chu YT, Wan SW, Anderson R, Lin YS. Mast cell-macrophage dynamics in modulation of dengue virus infection in skin. Immunology 2015; 146:163-72. [PMID: 26059780 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome. Mast cells have been speculated to play a role in DENV disease although their precise roles are unclear. In this study, we used mast cell-deficient Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice to investigate the involvement of mast cells after intradermal DENV infection. An approximately two- to three-fold higher level of DENV NS3 antigen was detected at the skin inoculation site in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in DENV-infected wild-type (WT) mice (using a dose of 1 × 10(9) plaque-forming units/mouse). Moreover, as an indicator of heightened pathogenesis, a more prolonged bleeding time was observed in DENV-infected Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in WT mice. Monocytes/macrophages are considered to be important targets for DENV infection, so we investigated the susceptibility and chemokine response of DENV-infected peritoneal macrophages from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) and WT mice both ex vivo and in vivo. There was a tendency for higher DENV infection and higher secretion of CCL2 (MCP-1) from peritoneal macrophages isolated from Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than those from WT mice. In vivo studies using intradermal inoculation of DENV showed about twofold higher levels of infiltrating macrophages and CCL2 (MCP-1) at the inoculation site in both mock control and DENV-inoculated Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice than in corresponding WT mice. In summary, compared with WT mice, Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice show enhanced DENV infection and macrophage infiltration at the skin inoculation site as well as increased DENV-associated bleeding time. The results indicate an intriguing interplay between mast cells and tissue macrophages to restrict DENV replication in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Paediatrics and Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
|
59
|
Cheng HJ, Luo YH, Wan SW, Lin CF, Wang ST, Hung NT, Liu CC, Ho TS, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Lin YS. Correlation between serum levels of anti-endothelial cell autoantigen and anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antibodies in dengue patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:989-95. [PMID: 25758647 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (anti-DENV NS1) antibodies cross-react with endothelial cells, and several autoantigens have been identified. This study shows that the antibody levels against these self-proteins are higher in sera from patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) than those in control sera. Anti-protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and anti-heat shock protein 60 (anti-HSP60) IgM levels correlated with both anti-endothelial cells and anti-DENV NS1 IgM titers. A cross-reactive epitope on the NS1 amino acid residues 311-330 (P311-330) had been predicted. We further found that there were higher IgM and IgG levels against P311-330 in DHF patients' sera than those in the control sera. In addition, correlations were observed between anti-PDI with anti-P311-330 IgM and IgG levels, respectively. Therefore, our results indicate that DENV NS1 P311-330 is a major epitope for cross-reactive antibodies to PDI on the endothelial cell surface, which may play an important role in DENV infection-induced autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shan-Tair Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Children's Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Tsai TT, Chuang YJ, Lin YS, Chang CP, Wan SW, Lin SH, Chen CL, Lin CF. Antibody-dependent enhancement infection facilitates dengue virus-regulated signaling of IL-10 production in monocytes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3320. [PMID: 25412261 PMCID: PMC4239119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-10 levels are increased in dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients with severe disorders. A hypothetical intrinsic pathway has been proposed for the IL-10 response during antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DENV infection; however, the mechanisms of IL-10 regulation remain unclear. Principle Finding We found that DENV infection and/or attachment was sufficient to induce increased expression of IL-10 and its downstream regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in human monocytic THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes. IL-10 production was controlled by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding (CREB), primarily through protein kinase A (PKA)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/PKB-regulated pathways, with PKA activation acting upstream of PI3K/PKB. DENV infection also caused glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inactivation in a PKA/PI3K/PKB-regulated manner, and inhibition of GSK-3β significantly increased DENV-induced IL-10 production following CREB activation. Pharmacological inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activity significantly decreased DENV-induced IL-10 production, whereas silencing Syk-associated C-type lectin domain family 5 member A caused a partial inhibition. ADE of DENV infection greatly increased IL-10 expression by enhancing Syk-regulated PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β/CREB signaling. We also found that viral load, but not serotype, affected the IL-10 response. Finally, modulation of IL-10 expression could affect DENV replication. Significance These results demonstrate that, in monocytes, IL-10 production is regulated by ADE through both an extrinsic and an intrinsic pathway, all involving a Syk-regulated PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β/CREB pathway, and both of which impact viral replication. IL-10 has multiple cellular functions, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the serum levels of IL-10 are significantly increased in DENV-infected patients with severe disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying DENV-induced IL-10 production is still unresolved. In this study, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism for DENV-induced IL-10 production, which may be exacerbated by ADE through Fcγ receptor-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, leading to IL-10/SOCS3-mediated advantages for viral replication. With or without Fcγ receptor- or CLEC5A-mediated DENV infection, a common Syk/PKA-regulated PI3K/PKB activation results in a decrease in GSK-3β activity followed by an increase in CREB-mediated IL-10 expression not only in THP-1 monocytic cells but also in human monocytes. Taken together, we demonstrate a potential regulation and a pathological role for ADE-induced IL-10 overproduction during DENV replication. Therefore, inhibiting immunosuppression by targeting the IL-10 pathways identified in this study may help to prevent the progression of severe dengue diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jui Chuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Hsieh CY, Chen CL, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Tsai TT, Hong MY, Lin CF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor triggers chemotaxis of CD74+CXCR2+ NKT cells in chemically induced IFN-γ-mediated skin inflammation. J Immunol 2014; 193:3693-703. [PMID: 25172501 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ mediates chemically induced skin inflammation; however, the mechanism by which IFN-γ-producing cells are recruited to the sites of inflammation remains undefined. Secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, from damaged cells may promote immune cell recruitment. We hypothesized that MIF triggers an initial step in the chemotaxis of IFN-γ-producing cells in chemically induced skin inflammation. Using acute and chronic models of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation in mouse ears, MIF expression was examined, and its role in this process was investigated pharmacologically. The cell populations targeted by MIF, their receptor expression patterns, and the effects of MIF on cell migration were examined. TPA directly caused cytotoxicity accompanied by MIF release in mouse ear epidermal keratinocytes, as well as in human keratinocytic HaCaT cells. Treatment with the MIF antagonist (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester considerably attenuated TPA-induced ear swelling, leukocyte infiltration, epidermal cell proliferation, and dermal angiogenesis. Inhibition of MIF greatly diminished the dermal infiltration of IFN-γ(+) NKT cells, whereas the addition of exogenous TPA and MIF to NKT cells promoted their IFN-γ production and migration, respectively. MIF specifically triggered the chemotaxis of NKT cells via CD74 and CXCR2, and the resulting depletion of NKT cells abolished TPA-induced skin inflammation. In TPA-induced skin inflammation, MIF is released from damaged keratinocytes and then triggers the chemotaxis of CD74(+)CXCR2(+) NKT cells for IFN-γ production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Center of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lin YS, Yang CC, Hsu CC, Hsu JT, Wu SC, Lin CJ, Cheng WTK. Establishment of a novel, eco-friendly transgenic pig model using porcine pancreatic amylase promoter-driven fungal cellulase transgenes. Transgenic Res 2014; 24:61-71. [PMID: 25063310 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Competition between humans and livestock for cereal and legume grains makes it challenging to provide economical feeds to livestock animals. Recent increases in corn and soybean prices have had a significant impact on the cost of feed for pig producers. The utilization of byproducts and alternative ingredients in pig diets has the potential to reduce feed costs. Moreover, unlike ruminants, pigs have limited ability to utilize diets with high fiber content because they lack endogenous enzymes capable of breaking down nonstarch polysaccharides into simple sugars. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a transgenic strategy in which expression of the fungal cellulase transgene was driven by the porcine pancreatic amylase promoter in pigs. A 2,488 bp 5'-flanking region of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene was cloned by the genomic walking technique, and its structural features were characterized. Using GFP as a reporter, we found that this region contained promoter activity and had the potential to control heterologous gene expression. Transgenic pigs were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Founders and offspring were identified by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Cellulase mRNA and protein showed tissue-specific expression in the pancreas of F1 generation pigs. Cellulolytic enzyme activity was also identified in the pancreas of transgenic pigs. These results demonstrated the establishment of a tissue-specific promoter of the porcine pancreatic amylase gene. Transgenic pigs expressing exogenous cellulase may represent a way to increase the intake of low-cost, fiber-rich feeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yeang CH, Ma GC, Hsu HW, Lin YS, Chang SM, Cheng PJ, Chen CA, Ni YH, Chen M. Genome-wide normalized score: a novel algorithm to detect fetal trisomy 21 during non-invasive prenatal testing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:25-30. [PMID: 24700679 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal trisomy 21 (T21) by massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS) is available for clinical use but its efficacy is limited by several factors, e.g. the proportion of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma and sequencing depth. Existing algorithms discard DNA reads from the chromosomes for which testing is not being performed (i.e. those other than chromosome 21) and are thus more susceptible to diluted fetal DNA and limited sequencing depth. We aimed to describe and evaluate a novel algorithm for aneuploidy detection (genome-wide normalized score (GWNS)), which normalizes read counts by the proportions of DNA fragments from chromosome 21 in normal controls. METHODS We assessed the GWNS approach by comparison with two existing algorithms, i.e. Z-score and normalized chromosome value (NCV), using theoretical approximations and computer simulations in a set of 86 cases (64 euploid and 22 T21 cases). We then validated GWNS by studying an expanded set of clinical samples (n = 208). Finally, dilution experiments were undertaken to compare performance of the three algorithms (Z-score, NCV, GWNS) when fetal DNA concentration was low. RESULTS At fixed levels of significance and power, GWNS required a smaller fetal DNA proportion and fewer total MPSS reads compared to Z-score or NCV. In dilution experiments, GWNS also outperformed the other two methods by reaching the correct diagnosis with the lowest range of fetal DNA concentrations (GWNS, 3.83-4.75%; Z-score, 4.75-5.22%; NCV, 6.47-8.58%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that GWNS is comparable to Z-score and NCV methods regarding the performance of detecting fetal T21. Dilution experiments suggest that GWNS may perform better than the other methods when fetal fraction is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Yeang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Huang HY, Kuo LY, Cheng FH, Chen JC, Hsu CL, Chen BY, Lin YS, Tsai HY, Wei J. Prognostic value of oxygen consumption and ventilatory equivalent slope in female candidates referred for heart transplantation--experience of a single Asian center. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:897-9. [PMID: 24767375 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilatory equivalent (ventilation/CO2 production, VE/VCO2) slope has been suggested to be a much more accurate predicator than peak oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise for prognosis in patients with heart failure. However, patients tested were predominately male. METHODS To investigate whether peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope predict the prognosis of female patients with heart failure, we retrospectively collected data of 39 female candidates referred for heart transplantation (HTx) from 2004 to 2011. Both peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope were obtained from the results of an exercise pulmonary function test. The outcome was death or mechanical devices implantation or HTx. Logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS Mean age and heart failure survival score were 55.8 ± 13.7 years and 7.3 ± 0.7, respectively. Each increment of VE/VCO2 slope decreased 2-year event-free rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 to 0.98) in the female group. The predictions of VE/VCO2 slope for 1-year event-free survival did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.00). On the other hand, peak VO2 was not a strong predictor for 1- and 2-year event-free survival (OR = 1.22 and 1.16, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.55 and 0.94 to 1.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Impairment in exercise ventilation holds a clinical and long-term prognostic impact in female patients with heart failure. The role of peak VO2 during exercise in prognostic prediction among the cohort should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Y Kuo
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F H Cheng
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J C Chen
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C L Hsu
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B Y Chen
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H Y Tsai
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Wan SW, Lu YT, Huang CH, Lin CF, Anderson R, Liu HS, Yeh TM, Yen YT, Wu-Hsieh BA, Lin YS. Protection against dengue virus infection in mice by administration of antibodies against modified nonstructural protein 1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92495. [PMID: 24658118 PMCID: PMC3962419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with dengue virus (DENV) may cause life-threatening disease with thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage which are related to dysfunction of platelets and endothelial cells. We previously showed that antibodies (Abs) against DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with human platelets and endothelial cells, leading to functional disturbances. Based on sequence homology analysis, the C-terminal region of DENV NS1 protein contains cross-reactive epitopes. For safety in vaccine development, the cross-reactive epitopes of DENV NS1 protein should be deleted or modified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We tested the protective effects of Abs against full-length DENV NS1, NS1 lacking the C-terminal amino acids (a.a.) 271-352 (designated ΔC NS1), and chimeric DJ NS1 consisting of N-terminal DENV NS1 (a.a. 1-270) and C-terminal Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 (a.a. 271-352). The anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs showed a lower binding activity to endothelial cells and platelets than that of anti-DENV NS1 Abs. Passive immunization with anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs reduced DENV-induced prolonged mouse tail bleeding time. Treatment with anti-DENV NS1, anti-ΔC NS1 and anti-DJ NS1 Abs reduced local skin hemorrhage, controlled the viral load of DENV infection in vivo, synergized with complement to inhibit viral replication in vitro, as well as abolished DENV-induced macrophage infiltration to the site of skin inoculation. Moreover, active immunization with modified NS1 protein, but not with unmodified DENV NS1 protein, reduced DENV-induced prolonged bleeding time, local skin hemorrhage, and viral load. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results support the idea that modified NS1 proteins may represent an improved strategy for safe and effective vaccine development against DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tien Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Robert Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Betty A. Wu-Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BAWH); (YSL)
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BAWH); (YSL)
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lin CSH, Chao SY, Hammel M, Nix JC, Tseng HL, Tsou CC, Fei CH, Chiou HS, Jeng US, Lin YS, Chuang WJ, Wu JJ, Wang S. Distinct structural features of the peroxide response regulator from group A Streptococcus drive DNA binding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89027. [PMID: 24586487 PMCID: PMC3931707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) is a strict human pathogen that causes severe, invasive diseases. GAS does not produce catalase, but has an ability to resist killing by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through novel mechanisms. The peroxide response regulator (PerR), a member of ferric uptake regulator (Fur) family, plays a key role for GAS to cope with oxidative stress by regulating the expression of multiple genes. Our previous studies have found that expression of an iron-binding protein, Dpr, is under the direct control of PerR. To elucidate the molecular interactions of PerR with its cognate promoter, we have carried out structural studies on PerR and PerR-DNA complex. By combining crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we confirmed that the determined PerR crystal structure reflects its conformation in solution. Through mutagenesis and biochemical analysis, we have identified DNA-binding residues suggesting that PerR binds to the dpr promoter at the per box through a winged-helix motif. Furthermore, we have performed SAXS analysis and resolved the molecular architecture of PerR-DNA complex, in which two 30 bp DNA fragments wrap around two PerR homodimers by interacting with the adjacent positively-charged winged-helix motifs. Overall, we provide structural insights into molecular recognition of DNA by PerR and define the hollow structural arrangement of PerR-30bpDNA complex, which displays a unique topology distinct from currently proposed DNA-binding models for Fur family regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sheng-Huei Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yu Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michal Hammel
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jay C. Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ling Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Tsou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Fei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huo-Sheng Chiou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yu SS, Mei KD, Lin YS. Does airway integrated nasal packing after septal surgery improve body oxygenation? Rhinology 2013; 51:243-8. [PMID: 23943731 DOI: 10.4193/rhino12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway integrated nasal packing reportedly improves body oxygenation after septal surgery. This randomized controlled study examined the effect of airway integrated nasal packing on oxygen saturation. METHODS Eighty patients with septal deviation and hypertrophic turbinate were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 patients were postoperatively packed with airway integrated Nasopore, and Group 2 patients were postoperatively packed with Nasopore without airway integration. The haemodynamic parameters and SpO2 (oxyhemoglobin saturation levels when measured using pulse oximetry) were sequentially checked. Nasal pain sensations were recorded using a visual analog scale. RESULTS SpO2 was not significantly different between Groups 1 and 2. Nasal pain levels were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 at both 4 (p = 0.034) and 6 (p = 0.001) hours postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of septal haematoma, perforation, or bleeding, or in sequentially checked heart rate, mean blood pressure, or respiration rate. CONCLUSION It was not evident that integrated airways improved the reduction of SpO2. However, Group 1 patients, with integrated airways, had more pain than did Group 2 patients, without integrated airways. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Chiang-Ni C, Zheng PX, Wang S, Tsai PJ, Kuo CF, Chuang WJ, Lin YS, Liu CC, Wu JJ. Invasive hypermucoid variant of group AStreptococcusis defective in growth and susceptible to DNA-damaging treatments. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:194-201. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; College of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Po-Xing Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Kuo
- Department of Nursing; I-Shou University; Yanchao Campus Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Chu YY, Lin YS, Chang CM, Liu JK, Chen CH, Huang JC. Promising antimicrobial capability of thin film metallic glasses. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2013; 36:221-5. [PMID: 24433907 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) are demonstrated to exhibit excellent surface flatness, high corrosion resistance and satisfactory hydrophobic properties. Moreover, the antimicrobial and biocompatibility abilities of TFMGs are examined and the results are compared with the behavior of pure Ag and 316L stainless steel. Three TFMGs, Al48Ag37Ti15, Zr54Ti35Si11, and Zr59Ti22Ag19, are prepared by sputtering to assess the antimicrobial performance against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are the most common nosocomial infection pathogens. Experimental results show that the antimicrobial effect of the Al- or Ag-containing AlAgTi and ZrTiAg TFMGs is similar to that of the pure Ag coating. The ZrTiSi TFMG with no Ag or Al shows poor antimicrobial capability. The physical properties of highly smooth surface and hydrophobic nature alone are not sufficient to result in promising antimicrobial ability. The chemical metal ion release still plays a major role, which should be born in mind in designing biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y S Lin
- Departments of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Center in College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopedics in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C M Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J-K Liu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C H Chen
- Departments of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Center in College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Orthopedics in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - J C Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wang CH, Chiang-Ni C, Kuo HT, Zheng PX, Tsou CC, Wang S, Tsai PJ, Chuang WJ, Lin YS, Liu CC, Wu JJ. Peroxide responsive regulator PerR of group A Streptococcus is required for the expression of phage-associated DNase Sda1 under oxidative stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81882. [PMID: 24312597 PMCID: PMC3849366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxide regulator (PerR) is a ferric uptake repressor-like protein, which is involved in adaptation to oxidative stress and iron homeostasis in group A streptococcus. A perR mutant is attenuated in surviving in human blood, colonization of the pharynx, and resistance to phagocytic clearance, indicating that the PerR regulon affects both host environment adaptation and immune escape. Sda1 is a phage-associated DNase which promotes M1T1 group A streptococcus escaping from phagocytic cells by degrading DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps. In the present study, we found that the expression of sda1 is up-regulated under oxidative conditions in the wild-type strain but not in the perR mutant. A gel mobility shift assay showed that the recombinant PerR protein binds the sda1 promoter. In addition, mutation of the conserved histidine residue in the metal binding site of PerR abolished sda1 expression under hydrogen peroxide treatment conditions, suggesting that PerR is directly responsible for the sda1 expression under oxidative stress. Our results reveal PerR-dependent sda1 expression under oxidative stress, which may aid innate immune escape of group A streptococcus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Wang
- Departments of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of dengue virus infection during the febrile stage is essential for adjusting appropriate management. This study is to identify the predictive markers of clinical and laboratory findings in the acute stage of dengue infection during a major outbreak of dengue virus type 1 that occurred in southern Taiwan during 2007. A retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at a university hospital in southern Taiwan from January to December, 2007. Patient who was reported for clinically suspected dengue infection was enrolled. Laboratory-positive dengue cases are confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of specific dengue IgM, fourfold increase of dengue-specific IgG titers in convalescent serum, or by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of dengue virus. Results The suspected dengue cases consist of 100 children (≤ 18 years) and 481 adults. Among the 581 patients, 67 (67%) children and 309 (64.2%) adults were laboratory-confirmed. Patients who had laboratory indeterminate were excluded. Most cases were uncomplicated and 3.8% of children and 2.9% of adults developed dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). The overall mortality rate in those with DHF/DSS was 7.1%, and the average duration of hospitalization was 20 days. The most common symptoms/signs at admission were myalgia (46.8%), petechiae (36.9%) and nausea/vomiting (33.5%). The most notable laboratory findings included leukopenia (2966 ± 1896/cmm), thrombocytopenia (102 ± 45 × 103/cmm), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (45 ± 10 s), and elevated serum levels of aminotransferase (AST, 166 ± 208 U/L; ALT, 82 ± 103 U/L) and low C - reactive protein (CRP) (6 ± 11 mg/L). Based on the clinical features for predicting laboratory-confirmed dengue infection, the sensitivities of typical rash, myalgia, and positive tourniquet test are 59.2%, 46.8%, and 34.2%, while the specificities for above features are 75.4%, 53.5% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) for combination of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (< 150 × 103/cmm), elevated aminotransferase (AST/ALT > 1.5) and low CRP (< 20 mg/L) is 89.5%, while the negative predictive value is 37.4%. Furthermore, the PPV of the combination was increased to 93.1% by adding prolonged aPTT (>38 secs). Conclusions Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated aminotransferases, low CRP and prolonged aPTT, were useful predictive markers for early diagnosis of dengue infection during a large outbreak in southern Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Huang HC, Lin YS, Chen JM, Yeh CH, Chung KC. The impact of abnormal muscle tone from hemiplegia on reclining wheelchair positioning: a sliding and pressure evaluation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49:619-628. [PMID: 24104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the influence of existing muscle tone abnormality on the sitting posture of stroke patients in reclining wheelchairs. AIM To investigate the impact of muscle tone abnormality from hemiplegia on the forward sliding and pressure of stroke patients while sitting in reclining wheelchairs. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING The Assistive Devices/Technology Center at the Rehabilitation Department of hospital. POPULATION 14 able-bodied elders and nonambulatory elderly stroke patients with flaccid (N.=12) or spastic hemiplegia (N.=13) participated in this study. Of the 12 patients with flaccid hemiplegia, 8 suffered from left-sided hemiplegia and 4 from right-sided hemiplegia. Of the 13 patients with spastic hemiplegia, 6 suffered from left-sided hemiplegia and 7 from right-sided hemiplegia. METHODS We performed 3 reclining cycles in wheelchairs with conventional seats and V-shaped seats for each participant. The sliding along the backrest (BS) plane and the seat (SS) plane, mean sitting pressure (MP), and sacral peak pressure (SPP) of the participants were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference in BS, SS, MP, and SPP between able-bodied elders and stroke patients. RESULTS The BS, SS, and SPP during repetitive reclining were generally greatest in flaccid hemiplegic participants, followed by spastic hemiplegic participants, and finally by able-bodied participants. There was no significant difference in MP among three subject groups on both conventional seats and V-shaped seats in most comparisons. Able-bodied participants' buttocks tended to slide forward on conventional seats but backward on V-shaped seats, whereas hemiplegic participants' buttocks slid forward on both seat types. CONCLUSION Stroke patients with flaccid hemiplegia are the most vulnerable to sacral sitting and higher sacral pressure in reclining wheelchairs, followed by patients with spastic hemiplegia. There is a difference in the displacement pattern between participants with normal muscle tone and those with abnormal muscle tone during wheelchair positioning. People who have hemiplegia with spasticity do not have incremental forward sliding with repetitive reclining in the same way as those who have a flaccid hemiplegia. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The findings are valuable for wheelchair prescription and caregiver education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan -
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lee YR, Hu HY, Kuo SH, Lei HY, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Liu CC, Liu HS. Dengue virus infection induces autophagy: an in vivo study. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:65. [PMID: 24011333 PMCID: PMC3848819 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We and others have reported that autophagy is induced by dengue viruses (DVs) in various cell lines, and that it plays a supportive role in DV replication. This study intended to clarify whether DV infection could induce autophagy in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of DV induced autophagy on viral replication and DV-related pathogenesis was investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The physiopathological parameters were evaluated after DV2 was intracranially injected into 6-day-old ICR suckling mice. Autophagy-related markers were monitored by immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. Double-membrane autophagic vesicles were investigated by transmission-electron-microscopy. DV non-structural-protein-1 (NS1) expression (indicating DV infection) was detected in the cerebrum, medulla and midbrain of the infected mice. In these infected tissues, increased LC3 puncta formation, LC3-II expression, double-membrane autophagosome-like vesicles (autophagosome), amphisome, and decreased p62 accumulation were observed, indicating that DV2 induces the autophagic progression in vivo. Amphisome formation was demonstrated by colocalization of DV2-NS1 protein or LC3 puncta and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR, endosome marker) in DV2-infected brain tissues. We further manipulated DV-induced autophagy by the inducer rapamycin and the inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA), which accordingly promoted or suppressed the disease symptoms and virus load in the brain of the infected mice.We demonstrated that DV2 infection of the suckling mice induces autophagy, which plays a promoting role in DV replication and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Chen CL, Lin CF, Wan SW, Wei LS, Chen MC, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Anderson R, Lin YS. Anti–Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antibodies Cause NO-Mediated Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Ceramide-Regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β and NF-κB Activation. J I 2013; 191:1744-52. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
75
|
Chuang YC, Wang SY, Lin YS, Chen HR, Yeh TM. Re-evaluation of the pathogenic roles of nonstructural protein 1 and its antibodies during dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:42. [PMID: 23806052 PMCID: PMC3704815 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage are the two major pathogenic changes found in these patients. From previous studies, it is known that both antibodies and cytokines induced in response to DENV infection are involved in the immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS. However, the role of viral factors during DENV infection remains unclear. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is secreted in the sera of patients, is a useful diagnostic marker for acute DENV infection. Nevertheless, the roles of NS1 and its antibodies in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS are unclear. The focus of this review is to evaluate the possible contributions of NS1 and the antibodies it induces to vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage during DENV infection, which may provide clues to better understanding the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Tsai TT, Chuang YJ, Lin YS, Wan SW, Chen CL, Lin CF. An emerging role for the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in dengue virus infection. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:40. [PMID: 23800014 PMCID: PMC3700829 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes both mild dengue fever and severe dengue diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The pathogenic mechanisms for DENV are complicated, involving viral cytotoxicity, immunopathogenesis, autoimmunity, and underlying host diseases. Viral load correlates with disease severity, while the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection largely determines the secondary effects of DENV infection. Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed an association between the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10, which is the master anti-inflammatory cytokine, and disease severity in patients with DENV infection. Based on current knowledge of IL-10-mediated immune regulation during infection, researchers speculate an emerging role for IL-10 in clinical disease prognosis and dengue pathogenesis. However, the regulation of dengue pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. This review article discusses the regulation and implications of IL-10 in DENV infection. For future strategies against DENV infection, manipulating IL-10 may be an effective antiviral treatment in addition to the development of a safe dengue vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wan SW, Lin CF, Wang S, Chen YH, Yeh TM, Liu HS, Anderson R, Lin YS. Current progress in dengue vaccines. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:37. [PMID: 23758699 PMCID: PMC3686670 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important emerging vector-borne viral diseases. There are four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV), each of which is capable of causing self-limited dengue fever (DF) or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The major clinical manifestations of severe DENV disease are vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully resolved. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathological aspects are also involved in the development of dengue symptoms. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development, including live attenuated virus vaccines, live chimeric virus vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, and live recombinant, DNA and subunit vaccines. The live attenuated virus vaccines and live chimeric virus vaccines are undergoing clinical evaluation. The other vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical animal models or are being prepared for clinical trials. For the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccines, the immunopathogenic complications such as antibody-mediated enhancement and autoimmunity of dengue disease need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chuang YC, Lin YS, Liu HS, Wang JR, Yeh TM. Antibodies against thrombin in dengue patients contain both anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic activities. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:358-65. [PMID: 23740201 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection may result in severe life-threatening Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). The mechanisms causing haemorrhage in those with DHF are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies against human thrombin were increased in the sera of Dengue patients but not in that of patients infected with other viruses. To further characterise the properties of these antibodies, affinity-purified anti-thrombin antibodies (ATAs) were collected from Dengue patient sera by thrombin and protein A/L affinity columns. Most of the ATAs belonged to the IgG class and recognized DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). In addition, we found that dengue patient ATAs also cross-reacted with human plasminogen (Plg). Functional studies in vitro indicated that Dengue patient ATAs could inhibit thrombin activity and enhance Plg activation. Taken together, these results suggest that DENV NS1-induced thrombin and Plg cross-reactive antibodies may contribute to the development of haemorrhage in patients with DHF by interfering with coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Liu HL, Chang TT, Yan FX, Lin YS, Wong AM. SU-E-CAMPUS-I-02: Quantification of Vessel Permeability Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced and Arterial Spin Labeling MRI in Brain Tumors. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
80
|
Liu CY, Liao YP, Lin YS, Chin SC, Liu HL. SU-E-I-18: Uncertainty Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Evaluated with MMID4 Simulation. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
81
|
|
82
|
Lin WC, Lu SL, Lin CF, Chen CW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS. Plasma kallistatin levels in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care 2013; 17:R27. [PMID: 23394256 PMCID: PMC4056893 DOI: 10.1186/cc12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment commonly causes acute respiratory failure with high mortality. Kallistatin, an endogenous tissue kallikrein inhibitor, has been reported to be protective in various human diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the correlations of kallistatin with other biomarkers and to determine whether kallistatin levels have a prognostic value in severe CAP. Methods Plasma samples and clinical data were prospectively collected from 54 patients with severe CAP requiring ICU admission. Seventeen healthy control subjects were included for comparison. Plasma kallistatin, kallikrein, and other biomarkers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP)), and anti-coagulation (protein C, anti-thrombin III) were measured on days 1 and 4 of ICU admission. Comparison between survivors (n = 41) and nonsurvivors (n = 13) was performed. Results Plasma kallistatin was significantly consumed in severe CAP patients compared with healthy individuals. Lower day 1 kallistatin levels showed a strong trend toward increased mortality (P = 0.018) and higher day 1 CURB-65 scores (P = 0.004). Plasma kallistatin levels on day 1 of ICU admission were significantly decreased in patients who developed septic shock (P = 0.017) and who had acute respiratory distress syndrome (P = 0.044). In addition, kallistatin levels were positively correlated with anti-thrombin III and protein C and inversely correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP levels. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher day 1 CURB-65 scores were independent predictors of mortality (odds ratio = 29.9; P = 0.009). Also, higher day 1 kallistatin levels were independently associated with a decreased risk of death (odds ratio, 0.1) with a nearly significant statistical difference (P = 0.056). Furthermore, we found that a cutoff level of 6.5 μg/ml of day 1 kallistatin determined by receiver operating characteristic curves could be used to distinguish between patients who survived in 60 days and those who did not. Conclusions These results suggest that kallistatin may serve as a novel marker for severe CAP prognosis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAP through antiinflammatory and anticoagulation effects. See related letter by Katz et al., http://ccforum.com/content/17/2/429
Collapse
|
83
|
Abstract
For the first time, an organophilic ZIF-71 membrane was prepared and used for pervaporation separation of liquid alcohol-water and dimethyl carbonate-methanol mixtures. The ZIF-71 membrane exhibits good performance in separation of methanol-water and dimethyl carbonate-methanol mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Dong
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Wan SW, Lin CF, Yeh TM, Liu CC, Liu HS, Wang S, Ling P, Anderson R, Lei HY, Lin YS. Autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:3-11. [PMID: 23332423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral diseases. With climate change and the convenience of travel, dengue is spreading beyond its usual tropical and subtropical boundaries. Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes diseases ranging widely in severity, from self-limited dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage are the major clinical manifestations associated with severe DENV infection, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathogenesis is also involved in the development of dengue disease. Antibody-dependent enhancement increases the efficiency of virus infection and may suppress type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses. Aberrant activation of T cells and overproduction of soluble factors cause an increase in vascular permeability. DENV-induced autoantibodies against endothelial cells, platelets, and coagulatory molecules lead to their abnormal activation or dysfunction. Molecular mimicry between DENV proteins and host proteins may explain the cross-reactivity of DENV-induced autoantibodies. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development. For the development of a safe and effective dengue vaccine, the immunopathogenic complications of dengue disease need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road,Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Lin CW, Jan MS, Kuo JHS, Hsu LJ, Lin YS. Protective role of autophagy in branched polyethylenimine (25K)- and poly(L-lysine) (30–70K)-induced cell death. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:865-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
86
|
Chuang YC, Lin YS, Liu CC, Liu HS, Liao SH, Shi MD, Lei HY, Yeh TM. Factors contributing to the disturbance of coagulation and fibrinolysis in dengue virus infection. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:12-7. [PMID: 23332424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage is one of the hallmarks of dengue hemorrhagic fever. However, the mechanisms that cause hemorrhage are unclear. In this review we focus on the possible factors that may be involved in the disturbance of coagulation and fibrinolysis during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Factors such as autoantibodies and cytokines induced by DENV infection as well as hemostatic molecules expressed on DENV-infected cells, and DENV viral proteins may all contribute to the defect of hemostasis during DENV infection. It is the combination of these viral and host factors that may tilt the balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis toward bleeding in dengue patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Hsieh CY, Chen CL, Tsai CC, Huang WC, Tseng PC, Lin YS, Chen SH, Wong TW, Choi PC, Lin CF. Inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 decreases 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced interferon-γ-mediated skin inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:125-33. [PMID: 22773863 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) facilitates interferon (IFN)-γ signaling. Because IFN-γ is involved in inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic role of GSK-3 in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced IFN-γ-mediated ear skin inflammation. TPA (3 μg per ear) induced acute skin inflammation in the ears of C57BL/6 mice, including edema, infiltration of granulocytes but not T cells, and IFN-γ receptor 1-mediated deregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54). TPA/IFN-γ induced GSK-3 activation, which in turn activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Inhibiting GSK-3 pharmacologically, by administering 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (1.5 μg per ear), and genetically, with lentiviral-based short-hairpin RNA, reduced TPA-induced acute skin inflammation but not T-cell infiltration. It is noteworthy that inhibiting GSK-3 decreased TPA-induced IFN-γ production and the nuclear translocation of T-box transcription factor Tbx21, a transcription factor of IFN-γ, in CD3-positive T cells. In chronic TPA-induced skin inflammation, inhibiting GSK-3 attenuated epidermis hyperproliferation and dermis angiogenesis. These results demonstrate the dual role of GSK-3 in TPA-induced skin inflammation that is not only to facilitate IFN-γ signaling but also to regulate IFN-γ production. Inhibiting GSK-3 may be a potential treatment strategy for preventing such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wan SW, Lin CF, Lu YT, Lei HY, Anderson R, Lin YS. Endothelial cell surface expression of protein disulfide isomerase activates β1 and β3 integrins and facilitates dengue virus infection. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1681-91. [PMID: 22422622 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes diseases ranging from mild dengue fever to severe hemorrhage or shock syndrome. DENV infection of endothelial cells may cause cell apoptosis or vascular leakage and result in clinical illness of hemorrhage. However, the endothelial cell molecules involved in DENV infection and the mechanisms governing virus-cell interactions are still uncertain. Since protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) reducing function at the cell surface was shown to be required for entry of certain viruses and bacteria, we explored the role of PDI expressed on endothelial cell surface in DENV infection. Using siRNA to knock down PDI, DENV infection was reduced which could be reversed by treating cells with a reducing agent Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP). DENV-induced PDI surface expression was mediated through the Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) receptor-Src family kinase signal pathway. Furthermore, cell surface PDI colocalized with β1 and β3 integrins after DENV infection, and the activation of integrins was blocked by PDI inhibition. Finally, blockade of PDI inhibited DENV entry into endothelial cells. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby surface PDI which causes integrin activation is involved in DENV entry, and DENV infection further increases PDI surface expression at later time points. These findings may have implications for anti-DENV drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wang CY, Chen CL, Tseng YL, Fang YT, Lin YS, Su WC, Chen CC, Chang KC, Wang YC, Lin CF. Annexin A2 silencing induces G2 arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32512-24. [PMID: 22859294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (ANXA2) overexpression is required for cancer cell proliferation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ANXA2-mediated regulation of the cell cycle are still unknown. ANXA2 is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is positively correlated with a poor prognosis. NSCLC A549 cells lacking ANXA2 exhibited defects in tumor growth in vivo and in cell proliferation in vitro without cytotoxicity. ANXA2 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at G(2) phase. Unexpectedly, ANXA2 silencing increased the expression of p53 and its downstream genes, which resulted in p53-dependent and -independent G(2) arrest. Aberrant JNK inactivation, which was observed in ANXA2-deficient cells, inhibited cell proliferation following G(2) arrest. A lack of ANXA2 caused a loss of JNK-regulated c-Jun expression, resulting in an increase in p53 transcription. These results demonstrate a novel role for ANXA2 in NSCLC cell proliferation by facilitating the cell cycle partly through the regulation of p53 via JNK/c-Jun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yun Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Chuang YC, Su WH, Lei HY, Lin YS, Liu HS, Chang CP, Yeh TM. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces autophagy via reactive oxygen species generation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37613. [PMID: 22629429 PMCID: PMC3358253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis under stress conditions such as starvation and pathogen infection. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α that are induced by MIF have been shown to be involved in the induction of autophagy. However, the actual role of MIF in autophagy remains unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that incubation of human hepatoma cell line HuH-7 cells with recombinant MIF (rMIF) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy formation, including LC3-II expression, LC3 punctae formation, autophagic flux, and mitochondria membrane potential loss. The autophagy induced by rMIF was inhibited in the presence of MIF inhibitor, ISO-1 as well as ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). In addition, serum starvation-induced MIF release and autophagy of HuH-7 cells were partly blocked in the presence of NAC. Moreover, diminished MIF expression by shRNA transfection or inhibition of MIF by ISO-1 decreased serum starvation-induced autophagy of HuH-7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that cell autophagy was induced by MIF under stress conditions such as inflammation and starvation through ROS generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hong Su
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yao Lei
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Hsieh CY, Chen CL, Tsai CC, Huang WC, Tseng PC, Lin YS, Chen SH, Wong TW, Lin CF. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 facilitates IFN-γ-mediated phorbol ester-induced skin inflammation (54.25). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.54.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 facilitates IFN-γ signaling, and IFN-γ generation is positively correlated with disease severity in inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated a pathogenic role for GSK-3 in phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; TPA)-induced IFN-γ-mediated skin inflammation. TPA induced acute skin inflammation in the ears of C57BL/6 mice, including edema, the infiltration of granulocytes but not T cells, and the deregulation of adhesion molecule CD54 expression, in an IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1-regulated manner. TPA/IFN-γ induced GSK-3 activation and caused the activation and expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 in a GSK-3-regulated manner. Inhibiting GSK-3 through either pharmacological inhibition or a genetic approach using lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA reduced acute TPA-induced skin inflammation, but not T cell infiltration. Notably, inhibiting GSK-3 decreased the TPA-induced IFN-γ production as well as the nuclear translocation of T-box transcription factor Tbx21, a transcription factor of IFN-γ, in CD3+ T cells. In chronic TPA-induced skin inflammation, inhibiting GSK-3 attenuated epidermis hyperproliferation and dermis angiogenesis. These results demonstrate the dual and indispensable role of GSK-3 in TPA-induced skin inflammation by facilitating IFN-γ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Hsieh
- 1National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- 2Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- 1National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 4Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- 1National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- 1National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 2Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- 6Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 7Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 2Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Chen CL, Lin CF, Wan SW, Wei LS, Lin YS. Anti-dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 antibodies cause endothelial cell damage via ceramide-regulated GSK-3 and NF-kappaB activation (159.19). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.159.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunopathogenesis of dengue virus (DV) infection is involved in hemorrhagic syndrome resulted from coagulopathy and vasculopathy. We have proposed a mechanism of molecular mimicry in which antibodies (Abs) against DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) cross-react with human endothelial cells and cause NF-κB-regulated inflammation and NO-regulated apoptosis. However, the involvement of membrane sphingolipid signaling following the binding of anti-DV NS1 Abs to endothelial cells is unresolved. We found that anti-DV NS1 caused the formation of lipid raft-like structure and that disrupting the lipid raft formation by methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased NO production and apoptosis. Treatment with anti-DV NS1 Abs elevated ceramide generation in lipid rafts. Pharmacologically inhibiting acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) decreased anti-DV NS1-mediated ceramide and NO production as well as apoptosis. Exogenous ceramide treatment caused biogenesis of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)/NO and apoptosis through a NF-κB-regulated manner. Furthermore, activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 was required for ceramide-induced NF-κB activation and iNOS expression. Notably, anti-DV NS1 Abs caused GSK-3-activated NF-κB and iNOS expression which was regulated by ASMase. These results suggest that anti-DV NS1 Abs bind to endothelial cell membrane and cause inflammation and apoptosis via a mechanism involving the ASMase/ceramide/GSK-3/NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chen
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 2Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shiung Wei
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Lin CF, Chuang YJ, Lin YS, Wan SW, Chen CL. The molecular mechanism of dengue virus-induced IL-10 production in monocytes (168.15). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.168.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV)-caused anti-inflammatory IL-10 production is much higher in patients with severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome than those with mild dengue fever; however, the regulation of IL-10 is still unclear. Here we showed that DV infection significantly increased IL-10 production and then caused suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. In DV-infected cells, activation of CREB determined IL-10 expression largely through cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)- and PI3K-regulated manners. Furthermore, sequential activation of cAMP and PKA facilitated PI3K/PKB signaling. Notably, DV infection caused glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inactivation in a PKA/PI3K-regulated manner and inhibiting GSK-3β considerably increased DV-induced IL-10 production following CREB activation. However, blocking the well-known DV receptors, including CD209 (DC-SIGN), CD29 (integrin β1), and CD61 (integrin β3), did not inhibit DV-induced IL-10. These results show a potent molecular basis for DV infection-induced IL-10 production in monocytes. The involvement of receptors related to signaling axis of cAMP, PKA, PI3K, PKB, GSK-3β, and CREB needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jui Chuang
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tsai CC, Huang WC, Chen CL, Hsieh CY, Lin YS, Chen SH, Yang KC, Lin CF. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 facilitates Con A-induced IFN-γ-mediated immune hepatic injury (54.24). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.54.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IFN-γ-mediated inflammation followed by hepatic cell death determines Con A-induced immune hepatic injury. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, which acts proapoptotically and is proinflammatory, is also important for facilitating IFN-γ signaling. We hypothesized a pathogenic role for GSK-3 in Con A hepatic injury. Con A stimulation caused GSK-3 activation in the livers of C57BL/6 mice. Inhibiting GSK-3 reduced Con A hepatic injury, including hepatic necrosis and apoptosis, inflammation, infiltration of T cells and granulocytes, and deregulated expression of adhesion molecule CD54. Con A induced hepatic injury in an IFN-γ receptor 1-dependent manner. Con A/IFN-γ induced activation and expression of STAT1 in a GSK-3-dependent manner. GSK-3 facilitated IFN-γ-induced inducible NO synthase, but had limited effects on CD95 upregulation and CD95-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro. Notably, inhibiting GSK-3 decreased Con A-induced IFN-γ production in both wild-type and IFN-γ receptor 1-deficient C57BL/6 mice. In Con A-activated NKT cells, GSK-3 was also activated and was required for nuclear translocation of T-box transcription factor Tbx21, a transcription factor of IFN-γ, but it was not required for CD95 ligand expression or activation-induced cell death. These results demonstrate the dual and indispensable role of GSK-3 in Con A hepatic injury by facilitating IFN-γ-induced hepatopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 5Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ching Huang
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Hsieh
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chi Yang
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
- 3Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Med. Col., Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Lin SW, Chuang YC, Lin YS, Lei HY, Liu HS, Yeh TM. Dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 binds to prothrombin/thrombin and inhibits prothrombin activation. J Infect 2012; 64:325-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
96
|
Lin YS, Li XF, Shao B, Hu MH, Goundry ALR, Jeyaram A, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. The role of GABAergic signalling in stress-induced suppression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator frequency in female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2012; 24:477-88. [PMID: 22172044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stress exerts profound inhibitory effects on reproductive function by suppressing the pulsatile release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and therefore luteinising hormone (LH). This effect is mediated in part via the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) system, although another potential mechanism is via GABAergic signalling within the medial preoptic area (mPOA) because this has known inhibitory influences on the GnRH pulse generator and shows increased activity during stress. In the present study, we investigated the role of the preoptic endogenous GABAergic system in stress-induced suppression of the GnRH pulse generator. Ovariectomised oestradiol-replaced rats were implanted with bilateral and unilateral cannulae targeting toward the mPOA and lateral cerebral ventricle, respectively; blood samples (25 μl) were taken via chronically implanted cardiac catheters every 5 min for 6 h for the measurement of LH pulses. Intra-mPOA administration of the specific GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline (0.2 pmol each side, three times at 20-min intervals) markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 25 μg/kg i.v.) but not restraint (1 h) stress on pulsatile LH secretion. By contrast, restraint but not LPS stress-induced suppression of LH pulse frequency was reversed by application of the selective GABA(B) receptor antagonist, CGP-35348, into the mPOA (1.5 nmol each side, three times at 20-min intervals). However, intra-mPOA application of either bicuculline or CGP-35348 attenuated the inhibitory effect of CRF (1 nmol i.c.v.) on the pulsatile LH secretion. These data indicate a pivotal and differential role of endogenous GABAergic signalling in the mPOA with respect to mediating psychological and immunological stress-induced suppression of the GnRH pulse generator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lin
- Division of Women's Health, School of Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Fang YT, Lin CF, Wang CY, Anderson R, Lin YS. Interferon-γ stimulates p11-dependent surface expression of annexin A2 in lung epithelial cells to enhance phagocytosis. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2775-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
98
|
Chuang YC, Lei HY, Lin YS, Liu HS, Wu HL, Yeh TM. Dengue virus-induced autoantibodies bind to plasminogen and enhance its activation. J Immunol 2011; 187:6483-90. [PMID: 22079981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection can lead to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in patients. Abnormal activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system is one of the hallmarks associated with DHF/DSS patients. However, the mechanisms that cause pathology in DHF/DSS patients are still unclear. Because conversion of plasminogen (Plg) to plasmin (Plm) is the first step in the activation of fibrinolysis, Abs against Plg found in DHF/DSS patients may be important. Therefore, to investigate the specificity, function, and possible origin of these Abs, we generated several Plg cross-reactive mAbs from DENV-immunized mice. An IgG mAb, 6H11, which recognizes an epitope associated with a dengue envelope protein, demonstrated a high level of cross-reactivity with Plg. The 6H11 Ab was further characterized with regard to its effect on Plg activation. Using Plm-specific chromogenic substrate S-2251, we found that mAb 6H11 demonstrated serine protease activity and could convert Plg directly to Plm. The serine protease activity of mAb 6H11 was further confirmed using serine protease chromogenic substrate S-2288. In addition, we found several Plg cross-reactive mAbs that could enhance urokinase-induced Plg activation. Lastly, mAb 6H11 could induce Plm activity and increase the level of D-dimer (a fibrin degradation product) in both human and mouse platelet-poor plasma. Taken together, these data suggest DENV-induced Plg cross-reactive Abs may enhance Plg conversion to Plm, which would be expected to contribute to hyperfibrinolysis in DHF/DSS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chun Chuang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Chen CC, Lin YS, Sang CH, Sheu JT. Localized joule heating as a mask-free technique for the local synthesis of ZnO nanowires on silicon nanodevices. Nano Lett 2011; 11:4736-4741. [PMID: 22007768 DOI: 10.1021/nl202539m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a mask-free technique for the local synthesis of ZnO nanowires (NWs) on polysilicon nanobelts and polysilicon NW devices. First, we used localized joule heating to generate a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanotemplate, allowing the rapid and self-aligned ablation of PMMA within a short period of time (ca. 5 μs). Next, we used ion-beam sputtering to prepare an ultrathin Au film and a ZnO seed layer; a subsequent lift-off process left the seed layers selectively within the PMMA nanotemplate. Gold nanoparticles and ZnO NWs were formed selectively in the localized joule heating region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chen
- Institute of Nanotechnology/Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Chiang-Ni C, Zheng PX, Tsai PJ, Chuang WJ, Lin YS, Liu CC, Wu JJ. Environmental pH changes, but not the LuxS signalling pathway, regulate SpeB expression in M1 group A streptococci. J Med Microbiol 2011; 61:16-22. [PMID: 21890514 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.036012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoinducer-2/LuxS signalling pathway participates in quorum sensing in diverse bacterial species. In group A streptococci (GAS), LuxS has been shown to be involved in regulating the expression of several important virulence factors. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB), a cysteine protease that has important roles in GAS pathogenesis, is positively regulated by LuxS in M3 and M5 strains. In the present study, it was found that the supernatant harvested from an overnight culture stimulated M1 strains to express speB. However, mutation of the luxS gene in M1 strains or treating M1 strains with luxS mutant culture supernatant did not affect speB expression, indicating that the LuxS pathway is not involved in regulation of speB expression in M1 strains. In addition, the acid property of culture broth was found to be able to stimulate M1 strains to express speB in the same LuxS-independent manner. These results indicate that speB expression in M1 strains is induced by environmental pH changes but is not regulated by the LuxS signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Xing Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|