Evidence for the Cusp Effect in η' Decays into ηπ^{0}π^{0}

Using a sample of 4.3×10^{5} η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0} events selected from the ten billion J/ψ event dataset collected with the BESIII detector, we study the decay η^{'}→ηπ^{0}π^{0} within the framework of nonrelativistic effective field theory. Evidence for a structure at π^{+}π^{-} mass threshold is observed in the invariant mass spectrum of π^{0}π^{0} with a statistical significance of around 3.5σ, which is consistent with the cusp effect as predicted by the nonrelativistic effective field theory. After introducing the amplitude for describing the cusp effect, the ππ scattering length combination a_{0}-a_{2} is determined to be 0.226±0.060_{stat}±0.013_{syst}, which is in good agreement with theoretical calculation of 0.2644±0.0051.

Scalable fabrication of self-assembled GeSn vertical nanowires for nanophotonic applications

In this work, scalable fabrication of self-assembled GeSn vertical nanowires (NWs) based on rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and inductively coupled-plasma (ICP) dry etching was proposed. After thermal treatment of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown GeSn, self-assembled Sn nanodots (NDs) were formed on surface and the spontaneous emission from GeSn direct band was enhanced by ∼5-fold. Employing the self-assembled Sn NDs as template, vertical GeSn NWs with a diameter of 25 ± 6 nm and a density of 2.8 × 10⁹ cm^-2 were obtained by Cl-based ICP dry etching technique. A prototype GeSn NW photodetector (PD) with rapid switching ability was demonstrated and the optoelectronic performance of Ge NW PD was systematically studied. The GeSn NW PD exhibited an ultralow dark current density of ∼33 nA/cm² with a responsivity of 0.245 A/W and a high specific detectivity of 2.40 × 10¹² cm Hz^1/2 W^-1 at 1550 nm under -1 V at 77 K. The results prove that this method is prospective for low-cost and scalable fabrication of GeSn NWs, which are promising for near infrared or short wavelength infrared nanophotonic devices.

[Correlation between dyslipidemia and the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between dyslipidemia and the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A case-control study was conducted. PTC patients diagnosed by pathology in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from April 2014 to August 2019 were enrolled as the experimental group, and healthy controls in the physical examination center at the same time were also enrolled as the control group. The demographic data and blood lipid parameters of the subjects were collected. Multivariate logistic analyses were used to assess the correlation between dyslipidemia and the risk of PTC. Results: A total of 2 000 cases of PTC were enrolled, with a mean age of (42±12) years, including 1 419 females (71.0%) and 581 males (29.0%). There were 4 524 cases in the control group, with a mean age of (42±9) years, including 3 311 females (73.2%) and 1 213 males (26.8%). There was no statistically difference in age and gender between the two groups (both P>0.05). Compared with the control group, triglyceride (TG) [(1.7±1.1) vs (1.4±1.0) mmol/L, P<0.001] and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [(2.9±0.8) vs (2.8±0.7) mmol/L, P=0.015] increased in peripheral blood of PTC patients, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [(1.3±0.4) vs (1.4±0.3) mmol/L, P<0.001] decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant in total cholesterol (TC) [(4.9±1.0) vs (4.9±0.8) mmol/L, P=0.172]. After adjusting for age and gender, increase of TC (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.06-1.34, P=0.003), TG (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.55-1.94, P<0.001), LDL (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.36, P=0.001), LDL/HDL (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.56-2.02, P<0.001) and decrease of HDL (OR=3.15, 95%CI: 2.78-3.58, P<0.001) were the related factors of PTC. Conclusions: Compared with the control group, patients with PTC have higher level of TG and LDL and lower level of HDL. Dyslipidemia is an important factor related to the risk of PTC.

'Stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital prognosis in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of stress hyperglycemia on the in-hospital prognosis in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We identified non-surgical hospitalized patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes from a large electronic medical record-based database of diabetes in China (WECODe) from 2011 to 2019. We estimated stress hyperglycemia using the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and its equation, say admission blood glucose/[(28.7 × HbA1c)- 46.7]. The primary outcomes included the composite cardiac events (combination of death during hospitalization, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cardiogenic shock, and the new episode of acute heart failure during hospitalization), major acute kidney injury (AKI stage 2 or 3), and major systemic infection.

RESULTS

Of 2875 eligible Chinese adults, SHR showed U-shaped associations with composite cardiac events, major AKI, and major systemic infection. People with SHR in the third tertile (vs those with SHR in the second tertile) presented higher risks of composite cardiac events ([odds ratio, 95% confidence interval] 1.89, 1.26 to 2.87) and major AKI (1.86, 1.01 to 3.54). In patients with impaired kidney function at baseline, both SHR in the first and third tertiles anticipated higher risks of major AKI and major systemic infection.

CONCLUSIONS

Both high and low SHR indicates poor prognosis during hospitalization in non-surgical patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

[A deep-learning model for the assessment of coronary heart disease and related risk factors via the evaluation of retinal fundus photographs]

Objective: To develop and validate a deep learning model based on fundus photos for the identification of coronary heart disease (CHD) and associated risk factors. Methods: Subjects aged>18 years with complete clinical examination data from 149 hospitals and medical examination centers in China were included in this retrospective study. Two radiologists, who were not aware of the study design, independently evaluated the coronary angiography images of each subject to make CHD diagnosis. A deep learning model using convolutional neural networks (CNN) was used to label the fundus images according to the presence or absence of CHD, and the model was proportionally divided into training and test sets for model training. The prediction performance of the model was evaluated in the test set using monocular and binocular fundus images respectively. Prediction efficacy of the algorithm for cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., age, systolic blood pressure, gender) and coronary events were evaluated by regression analysis using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and R² correlation coefficient. Results: The study retrospectively collected 51 765 fundus images from 25 222 subjects, including 10 255 patients with CHD, and there were 14 419 male subjects in this cohort. Of these, 46 603 fundus images from 22 701 subjects were included in the training set and 5 162 fundus images from 2 521 subjects were included in the test set. In the test set, the deep learning model could accurately predict patients' age with an R² value of 0.931 (95%CI 0.929-0.933) for monocular photos and 0.938 (95%CI 0.936-0.940) for binocular photos. The AUC values for sex identification from single eye and binocular retinal fundus images were 0.983 (95%CI 0.982-0.984) and 0.988 (95%CI 0.987-0.989), respectively. The AUC value of the model was 0.876 (95%CI 0.874-0.877) with either monocular fundus photographs and AUC value was 0.885 (95%CI 0.884-0.888) with binocular fundus photographs to predict CHD, the sensitivity of the model was 0.894 and specificity was 0.755 with accuracy of 0.714 using binocular fundus photographs for the prediction of CHD. Conclusion: The deep learning model based on fundus photographs performs well in identifying coronary heart disease and assessing related risk factors such as age and sex.

Serpentine Enhances Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose through Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway

Insulin sensitizers targeting insulin receptors (IR) are a potential drug for the treatment of diabetes. Serpentine is an alkaloid component in the root of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. Serpentine screened by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has the ability to target IR. The objective of this study was to investigate whether serpentine could modulate the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose through insulin receptors in cells and in animal models of diabetes. SPR technology was used to detect the affinity of different concentrations of serpentine with insulin receptors. The Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins of the insulin signaling pathway in C2C12 cells and 3T3-L1 cells as well as in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic mice after serpentine and insulin treatment. Diabetic mice were divided into four groups and simultaneously injected with insulin or serpentine, and the blood glucose concentration and serum levels of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were measured 150 min later. mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in liver, muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were detected by RT-PCR. Serpentine was able to bind to the extracellular domain of IR with an affinity of 2.883 × 10^-6 M. Serpentine combined with insulin significantly enhanced the ability of insulin to activate the insulin signaling pathway and significantly enhanced the glucose uptake capacity of C2C12 cells. Serpentine enhanced the ability of low-dose insulin (1 nM) and normal-dose insulin (100 nM) to activate the insulin signaling pathway. Serpentine also independently activated AMPK phosphorylation, thus stimulating glucose uptake by C2C12 cells. In high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice, serpentine significantly prolonged the hypoglycemic time of insulin, significantly reduced the use of exogenous insulin, and inhibited endogenous insulin secretion. In addition, serpentine alone significantly increased the expression of GSK-3β mRNA in muscle tissue, thus enhancing glucose uptake, and at the same time, serpentine significantly increased glucagon secretion and liver gluconeogenesis. Serpentine enhances the ability of insulin to regulate blood glucose through the insulin receptor, and can also regulate blood glucose alone, but it has a negative regulation mechanism and cannot produce a hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, serpentine may be useful as an insulin sensitizer to assist insulin to lower blood glucose.

Study of the Semileptonic Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e}

The study of the Cabibbo-favored semileptonic decay Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e} is reported using a 4.5  fb^{-1} data sample of e^{+}e^{-} annihilations collected at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.600 GeV to 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The branching fraction of the decay is measured to be B(Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e})=(3.56±0.11_{stat}±0.07_{syst})%, which is the most precise measurement to date. Furthermore, we perform an investigation of the internal dynamics in Λ_{c}^{+}→Λe^{+}ν_{e}. We provide the first direct comparisons of the differential decay rate and form factors with those predicted from lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) calculations. Combining the measured branching fraction with a q^{2}-integrated rate predicted by LQCD, we determine |V_{cs}|=0.936±0.017_{B}±0.024_{LQCD}±0.007_{τ_{Λ_{c}}}.

Causal relationships between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and iron status: Two-sample Mendelian randomization

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Dysregulated iron homeostasis plays an important role in the hepatic manifestation of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We investigated the causal effects of five iron metabolism markers, regular iron supplementation and MAFLD risk.

METHODS

Genetic summary statistics were obtained from open genome-wide association study databases. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to estimate the causal effect between iron status and MAFLD, including Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted, weighted median methods and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression. The Mendelian randomization-PRESSO outlier test, Cochran's Q test and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression were used to assess outliers, heterogeneity and pleiotropy respectively.

RESULTS

Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted results showed that the genetically predicted per standard deviation increase in liver iron (Data set 2: odds ratio 1.193, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.074-1.326, p = .001) was associated with an increased MAFLD risk, consistent with the weighted median estimates and Mendelian randomization-Egger regression, although Data set 1 was not significant. Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted analysis showed that genetically predicted MAFLD was significantly associated with increased serum ferritin levels in both datasets (Dataset 1: β = .038, 95% CI = .014 to .062, p = .002; Dataset 2: β = .081, 95% CI = .025 to .136, p = .004), and a similar result was observed with the weighted median methods for Dataset 2 instead of Mendelian randomization-Egger regression.

CONCLUSIONS

This study uncovered genetically predicted causal associations between iron metabolism status and MAFLD. These findings underscore the need for improved guidelines for managing MAFLD risk by emphasizing hepatic iron levels as a risk factor and ferritin levels as a prognostic factor.

Measurement of the Absolute Branching Fraction and Decay Asymmetry of Λ→nγ

The radiative hyperon decay Λ→nγ is studied using (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII. The absolute branching fraction of the decay Λ→nγ is determined to be (0.832±0.038_{stat}±0.054_{syst})×10^{-3}, which is a factor of 2.1 lower and 5.6 standard deviations different than the previous measurement. By analyzing the joint angular distribution of the decay products, the first determination of the decay asymmetry α_{γ} is reported with a value of -0.16±0.10_{stat}±0.05_{syst}.

A mixed virtual element method for Biot's consolidation model

In this paper, we shall present a weak virtual element method for the standard three field poroelasticity problem on polytopal meshes. The flux velocity and pressure are approximated by the low order H ( div ) virtual element and the piecewise constant, while the elastic displacement is discretized by the H ( div ) virtual element with some tangential polynomials on element boundaries. A fully discrete scheme is then given by choosing the backward Euler for the time discretization. With some assumptions on the exact solutions, we prove that the convergence order is of order 1 with respect to the meshsize and the time step, and the hidden constants are independent of the parameters of the problems. Some numerical experiments are given to verify the results.

Observation of an Isoscalar Resonance with Exotic J^{PC}=1^{-+} Quantum Numbers in J/ψ→γηη^{'}

Using a sample of (10.09±0.04)×10^{9}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a partial wave analysis of the decay J/ψ→γηη^{'} is performed. The first observation of an isoscalar state with exotic quantum numbers J^{PC}=1^{-+}, denoted as η_{1}(1855), is reported in the process J/ψ→γη_{1}(1855) with η_{1}(1855)→ηη^{'}. Its mass and width are measured to be (1855±9_{-1}^{+6})  MeV/c^{2} and (188±18_{-8}^{+3})  MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic, and its statistical significance is estimated to be larger than 19σ.

Potentilla bifurca flavonoids effectively improve insulin resistance

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this paper is to investigate the use of Potentilla bifurca in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We analyzed the improvement effect of 3T3-L1 adipocytes under insulin resistance (IR) with the compounds of Potentilla bifurca.

RESULTS

The Potentilla bifurca can significantly improve the glycolipid metabolism disorder in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (the effect of MC compounds is very significant). It can improve insulin resistance by enhancing the glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, decreasing IL-6 content, and regulating the content of p-Akt/Akt, IKKβ, and p-NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65 in the IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Studies have shown that Potentilla bifurca has the ability to regulate glucolipid metabolism and can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Observation of an a_{0}-like State with Mass of 1.817 GeV in the Study of D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}π^{0} Decays

Using e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32  fb^{-1} collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we perform the first amplitude analysis of the decay D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}π^{0} and determine the relative branching fractions and phases for intermediate processes. We observe an a_{0}-like state with mass of 1.817 GeV in its decay to K_{S}^{0}K^{+} for the first time. In addition, we measure the ratio {B[D_{s}^{+}→K[over ¯]^{*}(892)^{0}K^{+}]/B[D_{s}^{+}→K[over ¯]^{0}K^{*}(892)^{+}]} to be 2.35_{-0.23stat}^{+0.42}±0.10_{syst}. Finally, we provide a precision measurement of the absolute branching fraction B(D_{s}^{+}→K_{S}^{0}K^{+}π^{0})=(1.46±0.06_{stat}±0.05_{syst})%.

Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to combine the data available from clinical trials and evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinical trials registries (https://clinicaltrials.gov) up to 25 March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared tirzepatide with placebo or active hypoglycemic drugs in subjects with T2D. Heterogeneity was judged by the I ² value and Cochran's Q test. The randomized effects model was adopted to calculate risk ratios and weighted mean differences (WMDs). The primary outcome was the change from baseline in HbA1c levels. Secondary efficacy endpoints were fasting serum glucose (FSG), change of body weight, blood pressure, fasting lipid profiles, and safety indexes. Results: Six trials comprising 6,579 subjects (4,410 in the tirzepatide group and 2,054 in the control group) fulfilled the pre-specified criteria and were included in the study. Tirzepatide treatment resulted in reducing HbA1c (WMD: -1.07%; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -1.44, -0.56), FSG (WMD, -21.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: -34.44, -8.56), body weight (WMD: -7.99 kg; 95% CI -11.36, -4.62), and blood pressure and ameliorated fasting lipid profiles, without increasing hypoglycemia, either as monotherapy or an add-on therapy. Tirzepatide increased the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events mainly in add-on therapy but not in terms of pancreatitis or cholelithiasis. Furthermore, tirzepatide presented a dose-response effect on the reduction in HbA1c and body weight and increase in nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide shows superior blood glucose control and weight loss performance, without an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), identifier (CRD42022319442).

Scaling behavior of InAlN/GaN HEMTs on silicon for RF applications

Due to the low cost and the scaling capability of Si substrate, InAlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on silicon substrate have attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, a high-performance 50-nm-gate-length InAlN/GaN HEMT on Si with a high on/off current (I_on/I_off) ratio of 7.28 × 10⁶, an average subthreshold swing (SS) of 72 mV/dec, a low drain-induced barrier lowing (DIBL) of 88 mV, an off-state three-terminal breakdown voltage (BV_ds) of 36 V, a current/power gain cutoff frequency (f_T/f_max) of 140/215 GHz, and a Johnson’s figure-of-merit (JFOM) of 5.04 THz V is simultaneously demonstrated. The device extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are extracted using equivalent circuit model, which is verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured S-parameter values. Then the scaling behavior of InAlN/GaN HEMTs on Si is predicted using the extracted extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of devices with different gate lengths (L_g). It presents that a f_T/f_max of 230/327 GHz can be achieved when L_g scales down to 20 nm with the technology developed in the study, and an improved f_T/f_max of 320/535 GHz can be achieved on a 20-nm-gate-length InAlN/GaN HEMT with regrown ohmic contact technology and 30% decreased parasitic capacitance. This study confirms the feasibility of further improvement of InAlN/GaN HEMTs on Si for RF applications.

Precise Measurements of Decay Parameters and CP Asymmetry with Entangled Λ-Λ[over ¯] Pairs

Based on 10 billion J/ψ events collected at the BESIII experiment, a search for CP violation in Λ decay is performed in the difference between CP-odd decay parameters α_{-} for Λ→pπ^{-} and α_{+} for Λ[over ¯]→p[over ¯]π^{+} by using the process e^{+}e^{-}→J/ψ→ΛΛ[over ¯]. With a five-dimensional fit to the full angular distributions of the daughter baryon, the most precise values for the decay parameters are determined to be α_{-}=0.7519±0.0036±0.0024 and α_{+}=-0.7559±0.0036±0.0030, respectively. The Λ and Λ[over ¯] averaged value of the decay parameter is extracted to be α_{avg}=0.7542±0.0010±0.0024 with unprecedented accuracy. The CP asymmetry A_{CP}=(α_{-}+α_{+})/(α_{-}-α_{+}) is determined to be -0.0025±0.0046±0.0012, which is one of the most precise measurements in the baryon sector. The reported results for the decay parameter will play an important role in the studies of the polarizations and CP violations for the strange, charmed and beauty baryons.

First Observation of the Direct Production of the χ_{c1} in e^{+}e^{-} Annihilation

We study the direct production of the J^{PC}=1^{++} charmonium state χ_{c1}(1P) in electron-positron annihilation by carrying out an energy scan around the mass of the χ_{c1}(1P). The data were collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An interference pattern between the signal process e^{+}e^{-}→χ_{c1}(1P)→γJ/ψ→γμ^{+}μ^{-} and the background processes e^{+}e^{-}→γ_{ISR}J/ψ→γ_{ISR}μ^{+}μ^{-} and e^{+}e^{-}→γ_{ISR}μ^{+}μ^{-} is observed by combining all the data samples. The χ_{c1}(1P) signal is observed with a significance of 5.1σ. This is the first observation of a C-even state directly produced in e^{+}e^{-} annihilation. The electronic width of the χ_{c1}(1P) resonance is determined to be Γ_{ee}=(0.12_{-0.08}^{+0.13})  eV, which is of the same order of magnitude as theoretical calculations.

Evidence for a Neutral Near-Threshold Structure in the K_{S}^{0} Recoil-Mass Spectra in e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}D_{s}^{+}D^{*-} and e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}D_{s}^{*+}D^{-}

We study the processes e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}D_{s}^{+}D^{*-} and e^{+}e^{-}→K_{S}^{0}D_{s}^{*+}D^{-}, as well as their charge conjugated processes, at five center-of-mass energies between 4.628 and 4.699 GeV, using data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.8  fb^{-1} collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. Based on a partial reconstruction technique, we find evidence of a structure near the thresholds for D_{s}^{+}D^{*-} and D_{s}^{*+}D^{-} production in the K_{S}^{0} recoil-mass spectrum, which we refer to as the Z_{cs}(3985)^{0}. Fitting with a Breit-Wigner line shape, we find the mass of the structure to be (3992.2±1.7±1.6)  MeV/c^{2} and the width to be (7.7_{-3.8}^{+4.1}±4.3)  MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the Z_{cs}(3985)^{0} signal is found to be 4.6σ including both the statistical and systematic uncertainty. We report the Born cross section multiplied by the branching fraction at different energy points. The mass of the Z_{cs}(3985)^{0} is close to that of the Z_{cs}(3985)^{+}. Assuming SU(3) symmetry, the cross section of the neutral channel is consistent with that of the charged one. Hence, we conclude that the Z_{cs}(3985)^{0} is the isospin partner of the Z_{cs}(3985)^{+}.

Observation of Resonance Structures in e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}ψ_{2}(3823) and Mass Measurement of ψ_{2}(3823)

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.3  fb^{-1} collected at center-of-mass energies from 4.23 to 4.70 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the product of the e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}ψ_{2}(3823) cross section and the branching fraction B[ψ_{2}(3823)→γχ_{c1}]. For the first time, resonance structure is observed in the cross section line shape of e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}ψ_{2}(3823) with significances exceeding 5σ. A fit to data with two coherent Breit-Wigner resonances modeling the sqrt[s]-dependent cross section yields M(R_{1})=4406.9±17.2±4.5  MeV/c^{2}, Γ(R_{1})=128.1±37.2±2.3  MeV, and M(R_{2})=4647.9±8.6±0.8  MeV/c^{2}, Γ(R_{2})=33.1±18.6±4.1  MeV. Though weakly disfavored by the data, a single resonance with M(R)=4417.5±26.2±3.5  MeV/c^{2}, Γ(R)=245±48±13  MeV is also possible to interpret data. This observation deepens our understanding of the nature of the vector charmoniumlike states. The mass of the ψ_{2}(3823) state is measured as (3823.12±0.43±0.13)  MeV/c^{2}, which is the most precise measurement to date.

Biological variation of cardiovascular biochemical markers in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to identify the biological variation of ten cardiovascular biochemical markers in T2DM patients to aid in their interpretation.

METHODS

Blood samples for evaluating ten biomarkers were collected biweekly from 23 T2DM patients (10 men, 13 women) for three months. The analytical variability and variations of within-subject (CV_I) and between-subject (CV_G) levels were calculated, as well as the analytical performance specifications, reference change value (RCV), and index of individuality (II).

RESULTS

The levels of total cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein A (apoA), homocysteine (HCY), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) differed between males and females (P < 0.05). The CV_Is or CV_Gs of the biomakers were higher than those of healthy participants in Westgard online database, except for hsTnT. Triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and NT-proBNP had relatively high CV_I, CV_G and RCV, whereas CHOL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA and HCY showed low variation. Moreover, the II of HDL-C, LP(a), apoA, HCY and hsTnT was <0.6 and other biochemical markers was between 0.6 and 1.4.

CONCLUSION

The cardiovascular biochemical markers in T2DM patients showed higher CV_I or CV_G, except for hsTnT. ApoA had the lowest CV_I and CV_G values. Population-based reference intervals should be used with caution in clinical decision-making for T2DM patients.

Physical activity patterns, genetic susceptibility, and risk of hip/knee osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank

OBJECTIVES

The effect of physical activity on hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) and how it varies by genetic susceptibility to OA remains inconclusive.

METHODS

In a cohort study of UK Biobank, 436,166 OA-free participants were recruited in 2006-2010 and followed for knee/hip OA until the end of 2020. 28 physical activity-related items were collected at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between physical activity behaviors, as well as major activity patterns (i.e., significant principal components[PCs] identified by principal component analysis), and risk of OA, adjusting for multiple confounders. We further stratified the analyses by polygenic risk score (PRS) for OA to examine the impact of genetic susceptibility to OA on the studied association.

RESULTS

During a mean follow-up of 11.15 years, 13,227 hip and 21,119 knee OA cases were identified. 19, out of 28, studied items showed associations with increased OA risk. Compared with low adherence group(<1^st tertile of PC score for each pattern), individuals with high adherence to five identified patterns were associated with increased risk of OA. The moderate adherence to "strenuous sports"(HR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.89-0.97) and "walking for pleasure"(HR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.89-0.98) patterns was associated with reduced OA. Similar risk patterns were obtained in the stratified analysis by PRS levels for OA.

CONCLUSION

High intensity of most activity patterns were associated with increased OA. However, a protective effect was suggested for moderate adherence to patterns of "strenuous sports" and "walking for pleasure" that consistent across different genetic susceptibilities, underscoring the potential benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity on OA.

[Exploring Japanese Kampo medicine in fighting epidemics: discovering and popularising croton and satou as 'specific drugs' to treat cholera]

Japanese Kampo medicine (medicine with Han Fang) was found effective to treat some epidemic diseases.Historical records show that Namikawa Saimin, a Kampo medicine (Han Fang Medicine) practitioner during the cholera pandemic in the period of Ansei in Japan (1858-1860), discovered that the treatment effect of croton fruit against cholera was remarkable. Another physician in Naniwa also found that satou (Zhǎ Dá, visceral stones of animals and livestock) had the same effect in treating cholera. Subsequently, Wani Tadatane, an official physician in Komatsu Han of Iyo Province, learned about Namikawa Saimin and the use of croton fruit, and a medical officer in Kohofu, Masugi Fuminori, also heard of the story of the physician from Naniwa. Wani Tadatane and Masugi Fuminori verified the effect of croton fruit and satou on cholera treatment respectively. They regarded these two medical materials as the 'specific drugs' for cholera treatment by drawing on the interpretation and understanding of traditional Chinese medicine in terms of the efficacy of these two drugs. In this sense, croton fruit as a 'specific drug' for cholera treatment was widely accepted in the Kampo medical field (Han medicine area in Japan). The development of the use of satou by Masugi Fuminori could not be traced back because of the lack of historical records.

First Measurement of High-Energy Reactor Antineutrinos at Daya Bay

This Letter reports the first measurement of high-energy reactor antineutrinos at Daya Bay, with nearly 9000 inverse beta decay candidates in the prompt energy region of 8-12 MeV observed over 1958 days of data collection. A multivariate analysis is used to separate 2500 signal events from background statistically. The hypothesis of no reactor antineutrinos with neutrino energy above 10 MeV is rejected with a significance of 6.2 standard deviations. A 29% antineutrino flux deficit in the prompt energy region of 8-11 MeV is observed compared to a recent model prediction. We provide the unfolded antineutrino spectrum above 7 MeV as a data-based reference for other experiments. This result provides the first direct observation of the production of antineutrinos from several high-Q_{β} isotopes in commercial reactors.

Observation of a State X(2600) in the π^{+}π^{-}η' System in the Process J/ψ→γπ^{+}π^{-}η'

Based on (10087±44)×10^{6}  J/ψ events collected with the BESIII detector, the process J/ψ→γπ^{+}π^{-}η^{'} is studied using two largest decay channels of the η^{'} meson, η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} and η^{'}→ηπ^{+}π^{-}, η→γγ. A new resonance, which we denote as the X(2600), is observed with a statistical significance larger than 20σ in the π^{+}π^{-}η^{'} invariant mass spectrum, and it has a connection to a structure around 1.5  GeV/c^{2} in the π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass spectrum. A simultaneous fit on the π^{+}π^{-}η^{'} and π^{+}π^{-} invariant mass spectra with the two η^{'} decay modes indicates that the mass and width of the X(2600) state are 2618.3±2.0_{-1.4}^{+16.3}  MeV/c^{2} and 195±5_{-17}^{+26}  MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second systematic.

[Evaluation of severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis by CT severity index and modified CT severity index]

Objectives: To explore the role of computed tomography (CT) severity index (CTSI) and modified CT severity index (MCTSI) in assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) under the revised Atlanta classification (RAC) and predicting the clinical prognosis. Methods: Based on the prospectively entered AP database, the clinical data of consecutive adult AP inpatients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2012 to December 2020 were retrospectively screened. The imaging data were independently evaluated by two radiologists and entered to the database to calculate the CTSI and MCTSI scores. Their relationship with the difference of RAC severity grade and clinical prognosis was analyzed. Compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Assessment Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of CTSI and MCTSI scores for persistent organ failure and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Results: A total of 2 612 patients with AP, aged (50±15) years, were included in the study, including 1 547 males (59.2%) and 1 065 females (40.8%). According to RAC standard, AP was divided into 699 cases (26.8%) of mild pancreatitis (MAP), 1 098 cases (42.0%) of moderately severe pancreatitis (MSAP), and 815 cases (31.2%) of severe pancreatitis (SAP). MCTSI judged AP severity similarly to RAC, with 668 cases of MAP (25.6%), 1 207 cases of MSAP (46.2%) and 737 cases of SAP (28.2%), while CTSI judged SAP patients less(400 cases, 15.3%). The severity of AP determined by CTSI and MCTSI scores was significantly correlated with clinical prognosis (r=0.06-0.43, all P<0.05). Compared with APACHE Ⅱ score, CTSI had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for predicting IPN (AUC=0.85, 95%CI: 0.83-0.87), followed by MCTSI (AUC=0.82, 95%CI: 0.80-0.85). APACHE Ⅱ was more accurate in predicting persistent organ failure than CTSI and MCTSI scores,with AUC of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.71-0.75), 0.72 (95%CI: 0.70-0.74) and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.70-0.74), respectively. Conclusions: AP severity judged by MCTSI is consistent with RAC, and SAP patients judged by CTSI are less than RAC. CTSI and MCTSI are significantly correlated with clinical prognosis. CTSI and MCTSI have higher accuracy in predicting IPN, but lower accuracy in predicting persistent organ failure than APACHE Ⅱ.

Observation of J/ψ Electromagnetic Dalitz Decays to X(1835), X(2120), and X(2370)

Using a sample of about 10^{10}  J/ψ events collected at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.097  GeV with the BESIII detector, the electromagnetic Dalitz decays J/ψ→e^{+}e^{-}π^{+}π^{-}η^{'}, with η^{'}→γπ^{+}π^{-} and η^{'}→π^{+}π^{-}η, have been studied. The decay J/ψ→e^{+}e^{-}X(1835) is observed with a significance of 15σ, and also an e^{+}e^{-} invariant-mass dependent transition form factor of J/ψ→e^{+}e^{-}X(1835) is presented for the first time. The intermediate states X(2120) and X(2370) are also observed in the π^{+}π^{-}η^{'} invariant-mass spectrum with significances of 5.3σ and 7.3σ. The corresponding product branching fractions for J/ψ→e^{+}e^{-}X, X→π^{+}π^{-}η^{'} [X=X(1835), X(2120), and X(2370)] are reported.

P-378 Effect of luteinized unruptured follicle on the pregnancy outcomes of single high-quality frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles

Study question

Does luteinized unruptured follicle affect the clinical outcome of natural cycles for single high-quality frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer (FBT) cycles?

Summary answer

Luteinized unruptured follicle negatively affects the pregnancy outcomes of single high-quality FBT.

What is known already

Recent evidence revealed that natural ovulation cycle with a corpus luteum for frozen-thawed embryo transfer is superior to hormone replacing therapy cycle in preventing early miscarriage and preeclampsia. However, it remains controversial whether a luteinized unruptured follicle of the natural cycle affect the pregnancy outcomes of FBT.

Study design, size, duration

This was a retrospective cohort study comparing the pregnancy outcomes of singe high-quality FBT among 283 cases of LUF cycles and 1083 cases of ovulation cycles between January 2015 to December 2020 in a private fertility center. The study was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

A natural cycle for FBT was performed for all included patients, and was categorized into LUF or ovulation group based on the continuously monitoring of transvaginal ultrasound. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for important confounders. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Main results and the role of chance

Compared to ovulation group, the LUF group was associated with higher proportion of female indication of IVF treatment. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the parental age at oocyte retrieval, body mass index (BMI), cycle rank, infertility duration, proportion of nulliparity and fertilization method, endometrial thickness, and estrogen levels. P levers were higher in the ovulation group than those of LUF (P =0.028). Logistic regression indicated that after controlling for potential confounders, ovulation group was associated with higher incidence of ongoing pregnancy (aOR 1.460, 95% CI: 1.107-1.924) and live birth (aOR 1.455, 95% CI: 1.102-1.919). Ovulation group also had higher clinical pregnancy rate (aOR 1.255, 95% CI: 0.952-1.656) and lower early miscarriage rate (aOR 0.654, 95% CI: 0.394-1.087), but not reach statistical significance. Our results suggested that LUF negatively affected pregnancy outcomes of single high-quality FBT.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The primary limitation of this study was its retrospective nature, and it was difficult to distinguish some confounding factors.

Wider implications of the findings

Clinicians should counsel couples about the negative effect of LUF on the pregnancy outcome of FBT, particularly for those with few high-quality embryos.

Trial registration number

2018YFC1003900/2018YFC1003904, SZSM201502035

O-191 Endometriosis is associated with a lowered cumulative live birth rate by alters the macrophage polarization and the cytokine concentrations in follicular fluid

Study question

The impact of endometriosis on the outcomes of ART is still ambiguous and the mechanism by which endometriosis impacts fertility has not been fully elucidated

Summary answer

Endometriosis was associated with low CLBR in IVF, which might be due to the change of follicular microenvironment and compromising the quality of embryos.

What is known already

Despite the great advantages of IVF treatment in endometriosis-linked infertility, the impact of endometriosis on outcomes of infertility management with ART is controversial and few studies focused on the association between endometriosis and CLBR. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed in an effort to delineate the multifaceted pathophysiology that induces impairment of reproductive dynamics in patients with endometriosis. Reactive oxygen species, dysregulation of the immune system and cellular architectural disruption constitute the crucial mechanisms that detrimentally affect oocyte and embryo developmental potential. 

Study design, size, duration

This study retrospectively included 433 patients with endometriosis and 1299 patients with tuber factor infertility to evaluate the impact of endometriosis on IVF pregnancy outcome between January 2016 and December 2018.The basic study prospectively recruited 30 patients with ovarian endometriosis and 35 controls with tubal factor infertility to analyze polarization stage of macrophages in their follicular fluid, and another 20 females with ovarian endometriosis and 30 controls to detect cytokines in their FF. 

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Data on all women undergoing fresh or frozen IVF treatment cycles were analysed to compare the CLBR between endometriosis and tuber factor infertility patients. A cytometry panel of 4 antibodies (CD45, CD3, CD80, CD163) was designed to enumerate the numbers of MI and MII macrophages from the cell sediment from FF samples. Quantibody® array was utilized to determine the concentration of 10 cytokines in FF, including IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10,IL-13,IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α. 

Main results and the role of chance

The results showed that patients with endometriosis were associated with noticeably fewer retrievable oocytes, a lower oocyte maturity rate, decreased numbers of available and high-quality embryos (all p &lt; 0.001) in comparison with the control group. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate of the endometriosis group were lower in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles (p = 0.028 and p = 0.008, respectively), which leading to a declined cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated a close association between endometriosis and low CLBR (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the numbers of type I and type II macrophages in follicular fluid (FF) of patients with ovarian endometriosis were significantly increased compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The expressions of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-10 in FF were higher in endometrioma group(p &lt; 0.05). The increased expression of cytokines was negatively correlated with embryo outcomes, including the numbers of total oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, and fertilized oocytes, and the numbers of high-quality blastocysts and embryos. Additionally, IL-6 and IL-8 were positively correlated with AMH, rate of available blastocysts, number of blastocysts formed and available blastocysts, but were negatively associated with rate of MII oocytes. 

Limitations, reasons for caution

The present study being of a retrospective and monocentric study, may not come to a very convincing conclusion, and some unknown biases might still exist due to possible underestimation of some confounders.

Wider implications of the findings

Collectively, our results indicate that endometriosis does adversely affect pregnancy outcomes of ART, as women with endometriosis produce a lower quantity of oocytes and embryos. Moreover, endometriosis might play a role in oocyte or embryo outcomes via regulating the production of cytokines or the number of immune cells in FF. 

Trial registration number

no

P-620 Hormone replacement therapy with GnRH agonist pretreatment improves pregnancy outcomes in patients with previous intrauterine adhesions

Study question

Is there an optimal endometrial preparation protocol of frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) for patients with history of intrauterine adhesions (IUAs)?

Summary answer

Hormone replacement therapy with GnRH agonist pretreatment (HRT+GnRHa) is superior to conventional HRT protocol to improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with IUAs.

What is known already

FET follow hysteroscopic adhesiolysis or therapeutic treatment is being widely adopted in patients with IUAs. Proper endometrial preparation plays a key role to maximize IVF success rate and improve pregnancy results. However, it remains unclear whether there is an optimal endometrial preparation protocol for patients with history of IUAs.

Study design, size, duration

This was a retrospective cohort study of 1002 FET cycles with history IUAs in our fertility center between January 2015 to December 2020. The study was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

Eight hundred and forty-two conventional HRT cycles and 160 HRT+GnRHa cycles met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for important confounders. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Main results and the role of chance

The HRT+GnRHa group was associated with higher cycle rank (1.79 vs 2.17, P =0.026) and longer infertility duration (3.04 vs 3.69, P =0.000) compared with conventional HRT group. While the latter had a higher proportion of blastocyst embryo transferred (P =0.024). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the parental age at oocyte retrieval, body mass index (BMI), number of total embryos transferred and top embryo transferred, proportion of nulliparity, indication of IVF treatment and fertilization method, and endometrial thickness. Logistic regression indicated that after controlling for potential confounders, the HRT+GnRHa group achieved higher incidence of clinical pregnancy (aOR 1.474, 95% CI: 1.002-2.170, P =0.049), ongoing pregnancy (aOR 1.823, 95% CI: 1.207-2.753, P =0.004), and live birth (aOR 1.975, 95% CI: 1.306-2.988, P =0.000) than the conventional HRT group. The miscarriage rate was comparable between the two groups (aOR 0.613, 95% CI: 0.293-1.283, P =0.194). Our results suggested that HRT+GnRHa is over conventional HRT protocol to improve pregnancy outcomes of patients with previous IUAs.

Limitations, reasons for caution

The primary limitation of this study was its retrospective nature, and it was difficult to distinguish some confounding factors. Besides, there was no grading of IUA severity as most adhesion separation surgeries were not performed in our hospital, and the detailed medical history was not available.

Wider implications of the findings

Our study offers evidence for the superiority of HRT with GnRH-a pretreatment to conventional HRT protocol in improving the pregnancy prognosis of patients with previous IUAs. Our finding deserves further confirmation in clinical practice.

Trial registration number

2018YFC1003900/2018YFC1003904, SZSM201502035

Probing CP symmetry and weak phases with entangled double-strange baryons

Though immensely successful, the standard model of particle physics does not offer any explanation as to why our Universe contains so much more matter than antimatter. A key to a dynamically generated matter-antimatter asymmetry is the existence of processes that violate the combined charge conjugation and parity (CP) symmetry1. As such, precision tests of CP symmetry may be used to search for physics beyond the standard model. However, hadrons decay through an interplay of strong and weak processes, quantified in terms of relative phases between the amplitudes. Although previous experiments constructed CP observables that depend on both strong and weak phases, we present an approach where sequential two-body decays of entangled multi-strange baryon-antibaryon pairs provide a separation between these phases. Our method, exploiting spin entanglement between the double-strange Ξ- baryon and its antiparticle2 [Formula: see text], has enabled a direct determination of the weak-phase difference, (ξP - ξS) = (1.2 ± 3.4 ± 0.8) × 10-2 rad. Furthermore, three independent CP observables can be constructed from our measured parameters. The precision in the estimated parameters for a given data sample size is several orders of magnitude greater than achieved with previous methods3. Finally, we provide an independent measurement of the recently debated Λ decay parameter αΛ (refs. 4,5). The [Formula: see text] asymmetry is in agreement with and compatible in precision to the most precise previous measurement4.

Effect of Device Scaling on Electron Mobility in Nanoscale GaN HEMTs with Polarization Charge Modulation

We have experimentally investigated the impact of vertical and lateral scaling on low-field electron mobility (µ) in InAlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). It is found that µ reduces as InAlN barrier (T_B) and gate length (L_G) scale down but increases with the scaled source–drain distance (L_SD). Polarization Coulomb Field (PCF) scattering is believed to account for the scaling-dependent electron mobility characteristic. The polarization charge distribution is modulated with the vertical and lateral scaling, resulting in the changes in µ limited by PCF scattering. The mobility characteristic shows that PCF scattering should be considered when devices scale down, which is significant for the device design and performance improvement for RF applications.

Establishment of risk quality control charts based on risk management strategies

BACKGROUND

Risk management strategies have been proposed for applications in clinical laboratories to reduce patient risks; however, effective and visual risk-monitoring tools are currently lacking in medical laboratories. In this study, we constructed a risk quality control (QC) chart based on risk management strategies.

METHODS

We calculated the risk levels of QC materials based on Bayes' theorem by combining the total allowable error, QC results, and the maximum number of unacceptable errors in the laboratory. Then, we constructed a risk QC chart by presenting the Z values and corresponding risk levels of QC materials simultaneously. Finally, we evaluated the risk-monitoring capabilities of the risk QC charts by simulating different long-term errors in the laboratory.

RESULTS

The risk levels of QC materials increased as the QC results moved further away from the set mean. Larger sigma values led to fewer risks obtained for the same QC results. The constructed risk QC charts intuitively showed specific risk levels and could warn lab staff out-of-control, without the need for QC rules to make judgments. The risk levels of erroneous results differed for items with different sigma performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Risk-based QC charts allowed visualization of the QC results and specific risk levels simultaneously, providing more intuitive results than those obtained from traditional QC charts.

Observation of the Singly Cabibbo Suppressed Decay Λ_{c}^{+}→nπ^{+}

The singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ_{c}^{+}→nπ^{+} is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 7.3σ by using 3.9  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.612 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector at BEPCII. The branching fraction of Λ_{c}^{+}→nπ^{+} is measured to be (6.6±1.2_{stat}±0.4_{syst})×10^{-4}. By taking the upper limit of branching fractions of Λ_{c}^{+}→pπ^{0} from the Belle experiment, the ratio of branching fractions between Λ_{c}^{+}→nπ^{+} and Λ_{c}^{+}→pπ^{0} is calculated to be larger than 7.2 at the 90% confidence level, which disagrees with most predictions of the available phenomenological models. In addition, the branching fractions of the Cabibbo-favored decays Λ_{c}^{+}→Λπ^{+} and Λ_{c}^{+}→Σ^{0}π^{+} are measured to be (1.31±0.08_{stat}±0.05_{syst})×10^{-2} and (1.22±0.08_{stat}±0.07_{syst})×10^{-2}, respectively, which are consistent with previous results.

High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CDF II detector

The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, M_W, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain [Formula: see text], the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation.

Radiographic indexes in AP hip radiographs prior to total hip arthroplasty reveal candidates with low BMD

Using anteroposterior (AP) hip radiograph, we measured several indexes to investigate the association with bone mineral density (BMD) before THA and found a highly effective index to predict femoral BMD. This technique is helpful for both patients and clinicians to identify potential candidates with low BMD to whom DXA examination is particularly recommended.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the study is to identify patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) prior to total hip arthroplasty with the help of AP hip radiographs.

METHODS

Indexes on AP hip radiographs and T-scores from DXA examination of the lumbar spine and the affected hip were acquired from patients before THA. Indexes measured on AP hip radiographs including the canal calcar ratio (CCR), canal flare index (CFI), morphological cortical index (MCI), canal bone ratio (CBR), and canal bone area ratio (CBAR). The relevance between indexes and the T-score of femora was evaluated by correlation analysis, and the diagnostic value of indexes for osteopenia was examined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS

A total of 81 patients were included. The average value of CBR-7, CBR-10, and CBAR (7-10) were highly related to the T-score of femora (r =  - 0.592, r =  - 0.634, and r =  - 0.631, respectively, p < 0.0001). Results of the intra- and interobserver variation assessment was excellent. CBR-7, CBR-10, and CBAR (7-10) were significantly different between the non-osteopenia and osteopenia groups (p < 0.0001). CBR-10 had the biggest area under curve (AUC), means the great diagnostic value for osteopenia in the proximal femora (AUC = 0.821, cutoff value = 0.3805).

CONCLUSION

The canal bone ratio at 10 × 10^-2 m under the level of the lesser trochanter proved to be a great indicator of femoral osteopenia. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trail Registry, ChiCTR2000041016. Registered 16 December 2020-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx .

Joint Determination of Reactor Antineutrino Spectra from ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu Fission by Daya Bay and PROSPECT

A joint determination of the reactor antineutrino spectra resulting from the fission of ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu has been carried out by the Daya Bay and PROSPECT Collaborations. This Letter reports the level of consistency of ^{235}U spectrum measurements from the two experiments and presents new results from a joint analysis of both data sets. The measurements are found to be consistent. The combined analysis reduces the degeneracy between the dominant ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu isotopes and improves the uncertainty of the ^{235}U spectral shape to about 3%. The ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from the jointly deconvolved reactor spectra using the Wiener-SVD unfolding method, providing a data-based reference for other reactor antineutrino experiments and other applications. This is the first measurement of the ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu spectra based on the combination of experiments at low- and highly enriched uranium reactors.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Ultra-Short Wave Diathermy on LPS-Induced Rat Lung Injury

We studied the lung-protective effect and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ultra-short-wave diathermy (USWD) in a rat model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Histological examination of the lung tissues was performed and the levels of oxidative stress-related factors and inflammatory cytokines were measured. It was shown that the lung injury score, the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), oxidative stress-related factors malondialdehyde and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and inflammatory cytokines were increased after LPS administration, while USWD treatment reduced these parameters. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase 4 were decreased in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury, while USWD therapy up-regulated the expression of these enzymes. Thus, USWD could antagonize lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in rats with acute lung injury. USWD can be a promising adjunctive treatment to counter oxidative stress and inflammation and a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of patients with this pathology.

Measurement of the Cross Section for e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons at Energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV

Based on electron-positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider II storage rings, the value of R≡σ(e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons)/σ(e^{+}e^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}) is measured at 14 center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The resulting uncertainties are less than 3.0% and are dominated by systematic uncertainties.

Efficacy and safety of HSK3486 for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in elective surgical patients: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, propofol-controlled phase 2 clinical trial

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HSK3486 for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in elective surgical patients, but excluding emergency, cardiothoracic, cerebral and endoscopic sinus cases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A total of 40 eligible patients were randomly assigned to HSK3486 (n = 30) or propofol (n = 10) dosage groups in a ratio of 3:1. Drugs were administered as a bolus injection of 0.4 mg/kg (HSK3486) or 2.0 mg/kg (propofol) for induction, followed by maintenance infusion with the same anesthetic. An additional 6 non-randomized patients received propofol (2.0 mg/kg) for induction and were given HSK3486 for maintenance.

RESULTS

The primary efficacy endpoint - the success rate of anesthesia maintenance - was 100% in the 3 arms. The secondary efficacy endpoints included times from discontinuation of HSK3486 or propofol maintenance to full alertness, respiratory recovery, extubation and reaching the goal of the Aldrete score. Also, the proportion of patients who constantly maintained BIS40-60 or those with a period of BIS40-60 during maintenance anesthesia showed no significant difference in the HSK3486 and propofol groups (all p > 0.05). Patients who received HSK3486 exhibited a higher satisfaction score from anesthesiologists during the induction period (p = 0.024). The occurrence and types of treatment-emergent adverse events were similar among the 3 arms, both with a severity of grade 1 or 2. Drug-related hypotension occurred in 14 (46.7%) and 7 (70.0%) patients treated with HSK3486 and propofol, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

HSK3486 exhibited good efficacy for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and was well tolerated by patients who underwent elective surgery.

Complete Genomic Data of Pantoea ananatis Strain TZ39 Associated with New Bacterial Blight of Rice in China

Pantoea ananatis is a phytopathogen infecting many economically important crops, including rice worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome of P. ananatis strain TZ39 identified as causative agent of a new bacterial blight of rice that emerged in China in 2020. The assembled genome consists of one circular chromosome of 4,483,976 bp and two plasmids of 135,135 and 276,579 bp. This complete genome of the first Chinese pathogenic P. ananatis strain will provide new insights into the traits of pathogenicity on genomic level from China and worldwide.

First Measurement of Polarizations in the Decay D^{0}→ωφ

Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=3.773  GeV by the BESIII detector, the decay D^{0}→ωϕ is observed for the first time. The branching fraction is measured to be (6.48±0.96±0.40)×10^{-4} with a significance of 6.3σ, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. An angular analysis reveals that the ϕ and ω mesons from the D^{0}→ωϕ decay are transversely polarized. The 95% confidence level upper limit on longitudinal polarization fraction is set to be less than 0.24, which is inconsistent with current theoretical expectations and challenges our understanding of the underlying dynamics in charm meson decays.