51
|
Yamout T, Orosz LD, Good CR, Jazini E, Allen B, Gum JL. Technological Advances in Spine Surgery: Navigation, Robotics, and Augmented Reality. Orthop Clin North Am 2023; 54:237-246. [PMID: 36894295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate screw placement is critical to avoid vascular or neurologic complications during spine surgery and to maximize fixation for fusion and deformity correction. Computer-assisted navigation, robotic-guided spine surgery, and augmented reality surgical navigation are currently available technologies that have been developed to improve screw placement accuracy. The advent of multiple generations of new technologies within the past 3 decades has presented surgeons with a diverse array of choices when it comes to pedicle screw placement. Considerations for patient safety and optimal outcomes must be paramount when selecting a technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Yamout
- Virginia Spine Institute, 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 800, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Lindsay D Orosz
- National Spine Health Foundation, 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 330, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Christopher R Good
- Virginia Spine Institute, 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 800, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Ehsan Jazini
- Virginia Spine Institute, 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 800, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Brandon Allen
- National Spine Health Foundation, 11800 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 330, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gum
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, 210 East Gray Street Suite 900, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xie LZ, Wang QL, Zhang Q, He D, Tian W. Accuracies of various types of spinal robot in robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:243. [PMID: 36966314 PMCID: PMC10039560 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the popularization of robot-assisted spinal surgeries, it is still uncertain whether robots with different designs could lead to different results in the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. This study aimed to compare the pedicle screw inserting accuracies among the spinal surgeries assisted by various types of robot and estimate the rank probability of each robot-assisted operative technique involved. METHODS The electronic literature database of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, WANFANG and the Cochrane Library was searched in November 2021. The primary outcome was the Gertzbein-Robbins classification of pedicle screws inserted with various operative techniques. After the data extraction and direct meta-analysis process, a network model was established in the Bayesian framework and further analyses were carried out. RESULTS Among all the 15 eligible RCTs, 4 types of robot device, namely Orthbot, Renaissance, SpineAssist and TiRobot, were included in this study. In the network meta-analysis, the Orthbot group (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.13-0.58), the Renaissance group (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.86), the SpineAssist group (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06-0.34) and the conventional surgery group (RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.13-0.31) were inferior to the TiRobot group in the proportion of grade A pedicle screws. Moreover, the results of rank probabilities revealed that in terms of accuracy, the highest-ranked robot was TiRobot, followed by Renaissance and Orthbot. CONCLUSIONS In general, current RCT evidence indicates that TiRobot has an advantage in the accuracy of the pedicle screw placement, while there is no significant difference among the Orthbot-assisted technique, the Renaissance-assisted technique, the conventional freehand technique, and the SpineAssist-assisted technique in accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Intelligent Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Intelligent Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Intelligent Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Intelligent Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Intelligent Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chatelain LS, Kourilsky A, Lot G, Rogers A. Airo® navigation versus freehand fluoroscopy technique: A comparative study of accuracy and radiological exposure for thoracolumbar screws placement. Neurochirurgie 2023; 69:101437. [PMID: 36967084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2023.101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to compare the accuracy of freehand fluoroscopy and CT based navigation on thoracolumbar screws placement and their respective effects on radiological exposure to the patient. No previous study directly compared the Airo® navigation system to freehand technique. METHODS In this monocentric retrospective study, 156 consecutive patients who underwent thoracolumbar spine surgery were included. Epidemiological data and surgical indications were noted. Heary classification was used for thoracic screws and Gertzbein-Robbins classification for lumbar screws. Radiological exposure was collected for each surgery. RESULTS A total of 918 screws were implanted. We analyzed 725 lumbar screws (Airo® 287; freehand fluoroscopy 438) and 193 thoracic screws (Airo® 49; freehand fluoroscopy 144). Overall, lumbar screws accuracy (Gertzbein-Robbins grade A and B) was good in both groups (freehand fluoroscopy 91.3%; Airo® 97.6%; P<0.05). We found significantly less Grade B and C in the Airo® group. Thoracic accuracy was also good in both groups (Heary 1 and 2; freehand fluoroscopy 77.8%; Airo® 93.9%), without reaching statistical significance. Radiological exposure was significantly higher in the Airo® group with a mean effective dose of 9.69 mSv versus 0.71mSv for freehand fluoroscopy. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the use of Airo® navigation yielded good accuracy. It however exposed the patient to higher radiological exposure compared with freehand fluoroscopy technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Chatelain
- Fondation Rothschild, Department of Neurosurgery, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - A Kourilsky
- Fondation Rothschild, Department of Neurosurgery, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - G Lot
- Fondation Rothschild, Department of Neurosurgery, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - A Rogers
- Fondation Rothschild, Department of Neurosurgery, 25-29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France; American Hospital of Paris, 55, boulevard du Château, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Oku N, Demura S, Tawara D, Kato S, Shinmura K, Yokogawa N, Yonezawa N, Shimizu T, Kitagawa R, Handa M, Ryohei A, Tsuchiya H. Biomechanical investigation of long spinal fusion models using three-dimensional finite element analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 36890531 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study represents the first finite element (FE) analysis of long-instrumented spinal fusion from the thoracic vertebrae to the pelvis in the context of adult spinal deformity (ASD) with osteoporosis. We aimed to evaluate the von Mises stress in long spinal instrumentation for models that differ in terms of spinal balance, fusion length, and implant type. METHODS In this three-dimensional FE analysis, FE models were developed based on computed tomography images from a patient with osteoporosis. The von Mises stress was compared for three different sagittal vertical axes (SVAs) (0, 50, and 100 mm), two different fusion lengths (from the pelvis to the second [T2-S2AI] or 10th thoracic vertebra [T10-S2AI]), and two different types of implants (pedicle screw or transverse hook) in the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV). We created 12 models based on combinations of these conditions. RESULTS The overall von Mises stress was 3.1 times higher on the vertebrae and 3.9 times higher on implants for the 50-mm SVA models than that for the 0-mm SVA models. Similarly, the values were 5.0 times higher on the vertebrae and 6.9 times higher on implants for the 100-mm SVA models than that for the 0-mm SVA models. Higher SVA was associated with greater stress below the fourth lumbar vertebrae and implants. In the T2-S2AI models, the peaks of vertebral stress were observed at the UIV, at the apex of kyphosis, and below the lower lumbar spine. In the T10-S2AI models, the peaks of stress were observed at the UIV and below the lower lumbar region. The von Mises stress in the UIV was also higher for the screw models than for the hook models. CONCLUSION Higher SVA is associated with greater von Mises stress on the vertebrae and implants. The stress on the UIV is greater for the T10-S2AI models than for the T2-S2AI models. Using transverse hooks instead of screws at the UIV may reduce stress in patients with osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
55
|
Mraja HM, Gök H, Daadour IMF, Ulusoy OL, Şanlı T, Karadereler S, Enercan M, Hamzaoglu A. Cement Augmented Pedicle Screw Instrumentation In Pediatric Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg 2023:S1878-8750(23)00301-7. [PMID: 36894000 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a rare entity in pediatrics. Osteomalacia and osteoporosis are known to develop in syndromic or neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) childrens. Spinal deformity surgery for pediatric patients with osteoporosis is challenging associated with pedicle screw (PS) failure and compression fractures. Cement augmentation of PS is one of the several measures to prevent screw failure. It provides additional pull-out strength to the PS in the osteoporotic vertebra. METHODS From 2010 through 2020, an analysis of pediatric patients who had cement-augmented PS with a minimum follow-up of two years was performed. Radiological and clinical evaluations were analyzed. RESULTS Seven patients (4 F, 3M), average age was 13 years (range, 10-14yrs) with a mean follow-up of 3 years (range, 2-3yrs). Only two patients were undergoing revision surgery. The total number of cement-augmented PS was 52 with an average of 7/patient. Only one patient had lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) vertebroplasty. There were no PS pull-out in the cement augmented levels nor neurological deficits or pulmonary cement embolisms in this series. One patient developed a PS pull-out in uncemented levels. Two patients developed compression fractures, one (OI patient) in the supra-adjacent levels (UIV+1 and UIV+2) and the other (NMS patient) in the uncemented segments. CONCLUSION In our study, all the cement-augmented pedicle screws provided satisfactory radiological outcomes without pedicle screw pull-out and adjacent vertebral compression fracture. In pediatric spine surgery, osteoporotic patients with a poor bone purchase may be augmented using cement, especially in risk patients (ie OI, neuromuscular scoliosis, and syndromic scoliosis).
Collapse
|
56
|
Salunke P, Karthigeyan M, Puneeth S, Sharma A. Technique of C2 Nerve Root Preservation in the Presence of Anomalous Vertebral Artery in Atlantoaxial Operations. World Neurosurg 2023; 171:114. [PMID: 36584896 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While accessing the C1-C2 joint during posterior atlantoaxial fixation, the C2 nerve root along with its perineural venous plexus remains an obstacle for a panoramic visualization of the entry point of the C1 lateral mass and joint preparation. Therefore, many surgeons frequently advocate its intentional sectioning during this approach, with no related major complications.1,2 However, this sectioning has at times been associated with symptoms such as hypoesthesia, numbness, dysesthesia, and neuropathic ulcers.3 Thus C2 nerve root preservation during posterior approach for atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) could potentially avoid such consequences.4 Its preservation has been described for AAD cases with relatively normal C1-C2 joint anatomy with no osseovascular abnormalities.2 In contrast, attempt at C2 nerve root preservation in patients with congenital AAD harboring bony and vascular anomalies poses a greater challenge owing to a restricted operative space and the potential for perineural venous bleeding during dissection. This is more so for young neurosurgeons in the initial part of their learning curve. Video 1 details the technique of C2 nerve root dissection and preservation in a case of congenital AAD with an anomalous vertebral artery (VA). Computed tomography (CT) of this 30-year-old male patient with spastic quadriparesis showed AAD/basilar invagination with an assimilated C1-arch and right anomalous VA on CT angiography. He underwent C1-C2 joint manipulation and short-segment fixation. At 1-year follow-up, the patient's limb weakness had improved and CT showed good bony fusion. The salient operative steps involve gentle teasing and dissection of perineural soft tissues above and below the nerve root; the key to minimize venous bleeding is to dissect, coagulate, and divide them sequentially. A thorough release of the perineural soft tissues allows adequate nerve root mobilization, which in turn provides clear visualization of the C1-C2 joint space, preventing an undue nerve stretching during the C1-lateral mass screw insertion. The anomalous VA usually lies anterior to the C2 nerve root, and careful imaging evaluation allows its anticipation.3 We do not prefer the easy alternative of C2 nerve root sacrifice because of its inherent complications we noticed in our earlier clinical practice.3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Salunke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhivanan Karthigeyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Shivanna Puneeth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Mitterer M, Ortmaier R, Wiesner T, Hitzl W, Mayer M. Facet joint violation after open and percutaneous posterior instrumentation: a comparative study. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:867-873. [PMID: 36633691 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior instrumentation is the state-of-the-art surgical treatment for fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Options for pedicle screw placement comprise open or minimally invasive techniques. Open instrumentation causes large approach related muscle detachment, which minimally invasive techniques aim to reduce. However, concerns of accurate pedicle screw placement are still a matter of debate. Beside neurological complications due to pedicle screw malplacement, also affection of the facet joints and thus motion dependent pain is known as a complication. The aim of this study was to assess accuracy of pedicle screw placement concerning facet joint violation (FJV) after open- and minimally invasive posterior instrumentation. METHODS A retrospective data analysis of postoperative computer tomographic scans of 219 patients (1124 pedicle screws) was conducted. A total of 116 patients underwent open screw insertion (634 screws) and 103 patients underwent minimally invasive, percutaneous screw insertion (490 screws). RESULTS In the lumbar spine (segments L3, L4, L5), there were significantly more and higher grade (open = 0.55 vs. percutaneous = 1.2; p = 0.001) FJV's after percutaneously compared to openly inserted screws. In the thoracic spine, no significant difference concerning rate and grade of FJV was found (p > 0.56). CONCLUSION FJV is more likely to occur in percutaneously placed pedicle screws. Additionally, higher grade FJV's occur after percutaneous instrumentation. However, in the thoracic spine we didn't find a significant difference between open and percutaneous technique. Our results suggest a precise consideration concerning surgical technique according to the fractured vertebrae in the light of the individual anatomic structures in the preop CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Mitterer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Reinhold Ortmaier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Vinzenzgruppe Center of Orthopedic Excellence, Ordensklinikum Barmherzige Schwestern Linz, Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), Tirol Kliniken GmbH, Innsbruck and UMIT, Hall, 6060, Austria
| | - Teresa Wiesner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Department of Biostatistics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Mayer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Egenolf P, Harland A, Weber M, Prescher A, Bratke G, Eysel P, Scheyerer MJ, Lenz M. Is human bone matrix a sufficient augmentation method revising loosened pedicle screws in osteoporotic bone? - A biomechanical evaluation of primary stability. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 103:105925. [PMID: 36863219 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite good screw anchorage and safe screw trajectory, screw loosening occurs in several cases, especially in osteoporotic individuals. The aim of this biomechanical analysis was to evaluate the primary stability of revision screw placement in individuals with reduced bone quality. Therefore, revision via enlarged diameter screws was compared to the use of human bone matrix as augmentation to improve the bone stock and screw coverage. METHODS 11 lumbar vertebral bodies from cadaveric specimens with a mean age of 85.7 years (± 12.0 years) at death were used. 6.5 mm diameter pedicle screws were inserted in both pedicles and hereafter loosened using a fatigue protocol. Screws were revised inserting a larger diameter screw (8.5 mm) in one pedicle and a same diameter screw with human bone matrix augmentation in the other pedicle. The previous loosening protocol was then reapplied, comparing maximum load and cycles to failure between both revision techniques. Insertional torque was continuously measured during insertion of both revision screws. FINDINGS The number of cycles and the maximum load until failure were significantly greater in enlarged diameter screws than in augmented screws. The enlarged screws' insertional torque was also significantly higher than of the augmented screws. INTERPRETATION Human bone matrix augmentation does not reach the same ad-hoc fixation strength as enlarging the screw's diameter by 2 mm and is therefore biomechanically inferior. Regarding the immediate stability, a thicker screw should therefore be prioritised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Egenolf
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany.
| | - Arne Harland
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weber
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany
| | - Andreas Prescher
- University Hospital Aachen, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Germany
| | - Grischa Bratke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Radiology, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany
| | - Max Joseph Scheyerer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhou LP, Zhang RJ, Wang JQ, Zhang HQ, Shang J, Gao Y, Jia CY, Ding JY, Zhang L, Shen CL. Medium and long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of Dynesys dynamic stabilization versus instrumented fusion for degenerative lumbar spine diseases. BMC Surg 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36855117 PMCID: PMC9976523 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-01943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynesys stabilization (DS) is utilized to preserve mobility at the instrumental segments and prevent adjacent segment pathology in clinical practice. However, the advantages of DS method in medium and long-term follow-up remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes between DS and instrumented fusion in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease with or without grade I spondylolisthesis with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, Chinese National Knowledge Databases, and Wanfang Database for potentially eligible articles. Clinical outcomes were assessed in terms of VAS and ODI scores, screw loosening and breakage, and surgical revision. Radiographic outcomes were assessed in terms of postoperative range of movement (ROM) and disc heigh. Moreover, adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and adjacent segment disease (ASDis) were evaluated. RESULTS Seventeen studies with 1296 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The DS group was associated with significantly lower postoperative VAS scores for low-back and leg pain, and lower rate of surgical revision than the fusion group. Moreover, the Dynesys group showed significantly less ASDeg than the fusion group but showed no significant advantage over the fusion group in terms of preventing ASDis. Additionally, the ROM at the stabilized segments of the fusion group decreased significantly and that at the adjacent segments increased significantly compared with those of the DS group. CONCLUSION DS showed comparable clinical outcomes and provided benefits in preserving the motion at the stabilized segments, thus limiting the hypermobility at the adjacent segments and preventing ASDeg compared with the fusion method in degenerative disease with or without grade I spondylolisthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Zhou
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Ren-Jie Zhang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Hua-Qing Zhang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Jin Shang
- grid.411395.b0000 0004 1757 0085Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 107 Huanhudong Road, Hefei, 230031 Anhui China
| | - Yang Gao
- grid.488137.10000 0001 2267 2324Outpatient Department, The 55th Retired Cadres of the Beijing Garrison of PLA, 4 Wanshou Road, Beijing, 100036 China
| | - Chong-Yu Jia
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Jing-Yu Ding
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Lai Zhang
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Cai-Liang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Visagan R, Kearney S, Trifoi S, Kalyal N, Hogg F, Quercetti B, Abdalla M, Danciut M, Papadopoulos MC. Removal or retention of minimally invasive screws in thoracolumbar fractures? Systematic review and case-control study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023. [PMID: 36790587 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty regarding delayed removal versus retention of minimally invasive screws following percutaneous fixation for thoracolumbar fractures. We conducted a systematic review and case-control study to test the hypothesis that delayed metalwork removal following percutaneous fixation for thoracolumbar fractures improves outcome. METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Our case-control study retrospectively evaluated 55 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent percutaneous fixation in a single unit: 19 with metalwork retained (controls) and 36 with metalwork removed. Outcomes were the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a supplemental questionnaire, and complications. RESULTS The systematic review evaluated nine articles. Back pain was reduced in most patients after metalwork removal. One study found no difference in the ODI after versus before metalwork removal, whereas three studies reported significant improvement. Six studies noted no significant alterations in radiological markers of stability after metalwork removal. Mean complication rate was 1.7% (0-6.7). Complications were superficial wound infection, screw breakage at the time of removal, pull-out screw, and a broken rod. In the case-control study, both groups were well matched. For metalwork removal, mean operative time was 69.5 min (range 30-120) and length of stay was 1.3 days (0-4). After metalwork removal, 24 (68.6%) patients felt better, 10 (28.6%) the same and one felt worse. Two patients had superficial hematomas, one had a superficial wound infection, and none required re-operation. Metalwork removal was a significant predictor of return to work or baseline household duties (odds ratio 5.0 [1.4-18.9]). The ODI was not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of both the systematic review and our case-control study suggest that removal of metalwork following percutaneous fixation of thoracolumbar fractures is safe and is associated with improved outcome in most patients.
Collapse
|
61
|
Akazawa T, Torii Y, Ueno J, Umehara T, Iinuma M, Yoshida A, Tomochika K, Ohtori S, Niki H. Accuracy of computer-assisted pedicle screw placement for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison between robotics and navigation. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:651-658. [PMID: 36567341 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) between robotics and navigation and clarify the factors that cause screw deviation when robotics is used. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients who underwent posterior spinal fusions with computer-assisted pedicle screw placement including robotics and navigation for AIS were included. A total of 741 pedicle screws (250: Robot group, 491: Navi group) were evaluated on postoperative CT images. A rate of penetration of ≥ 2 mm was calculated as the deviation rate. After propensity score matching, we examined vertebral levels, the distance from the reference frame (RF), and the pedicle channel grade as factors for deviation. RESULTS The deviation rate was significantly lower in the Robot group than in the Navi group (Robot group: 1.6%, Navi group: 7.5%). After propensity score matching, 22 cases were extracted. At T5-T8, the deviation rate of the Robot group was significantly lower than that of the Navi group. In the Robot group, the T2-T4 deviation rate was significantly higher than at the other vertebral levels. The distance from the RF didn't affect the deviation rate. The deviation rate of pedicle channel Grade 4 (inner diameter of less than 1 mm) was significantly higher than for the other grades. CONCLUSION The deviation rate of robotics was 1.6%, lower than that of navigation. The narrow pedicles with an inner diameter of less than 1 mm (deviation rate: 22.2%) and the upper thoracic level (deviation rate: 14.3%) were factors related to screw deviation even when using robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan. .,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Torii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tasuku Umehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iinuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ken Tomochika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Spine Center, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisateru Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Matur AV, Palmisciano P, Duah HO, Chilakapati SS, Cheng JS, Adogwa O. Robotic and navigated pedicle screws are safer and more accurate than fluoroscopic freehand screws: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 2023; 23:197-208. [PMID: 36273761 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Navigated and robotic pedicle screw placement systems have been developed to improve the accuracy of screw placement. However, the literature comparing the safety and accuracy of robotic and navigated screw placement with fluoroscopic freehand screw placement in thoracolumbar spine surgery has been limited. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials that compared the accuracy and safety profiles of robotic and navigated pedicle screws with fluoroscopic freehand pedicle screws. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Systematic review and meta-analysis PATIENT SAMPLE: Only randomized controlled trials comparing robotic-assisted or navigated pedicle screws placement with freehand pedicle screw placement in the thoracolumbar spine were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratio (OR) estimates for screw accuracy according to the Gertzbein-Robbins scale and relative risk (RR) for various surgical complications. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE for English-language studies from inception through April 7, 2022, including references of eligible articles. The search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers conducted a full abstraction of all data, and one reviewer verified accuracy. Information was extracted on study design, quality, bias, participants, and risk estimates. Data and estimates were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel method for random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 14 papers encompassing 12 randomized controlled trials were identified (n=892 patients, 4,046 screws). The pooled analysis demonstrated that robotic and navigated pedicle screw placement techniques were associated with higher odds of screw accuracy (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.24-5.72, p=.01). Robotic and navigated screw placement was associated with a lower risk of facet joint violations (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.38, p<.01) and major complications (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.84, p=.02). There were no observed differences between groups in nerve root injury (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.11-2.30, p=.37), or return to operating room for screw revision (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07-1.13, p=.07). CONCLUSIONS These estimates suggest that robotic and navigated screw placement techniques are associated with higher odds of screw accuracy and superior safety profile compared with fluoroscopic freehand techniques. Additional randomized controlled trials will be needed to further validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith V Matur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Henry O Duah
- Department of Nursing Research, University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Joseph S Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Owoicho Adogwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Oba H, Uehara M, Ikegami S, Hatakenaka T, Kamanaka T, Miyaoka Y, Kurogouchi D, Fukuzawa T, Mimura T, Tanikawa Y, Koseki M, Ohba T, Takahashi J. Tips and pitfalls to improve accuracy and reduce radiation exposure in intraoperative CT navigation for pediatric scoliosis: a systematic review. Spine J 2023; 23:183-196. [PMID: 36174926 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT An increasing number of medical centers are adopting an intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) navigation system (iCT-Navi) to provide three-dimensional navigation for pediatric scoliosis surgery. While iCT-Navi has been reported to provide higher pedicle screw (PS) insertion accuracy, it may also result in higher radiation exposure to the patient. What innovations and studies have been introduced to reduce radiation exposure and further improve PS insertion? PURPOSE Evaluate the level of evidence and quality of papers while categorizing the tips and pitfalls regarding pediatric scoliosis surgery using iCT-Navi. Compare iCT-Navi with other methods, including preoperative CT navigation. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. PATIENT SAMPLE Articles on pediatric scoliosis surgery with iCT-Navi published through to June 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES PS perforation rate and patient intraoperative radiation dose. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were searched for articles satisfying the criteria of iCT-Navi use and pediatric scoliosis surgery. The level of evidence and quality of the articles meeting the criteria were evaluated according to the guidelines of the North American Spine Society and American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, respectively. The articles were also categorized by theme and summarized in terms of PS insertion accuracy and intraoperative radiation dose. The origins and characteristics of five major classification methods of PS perforation grade were summarized as well. RESULTS The literature search identified 811 studies, of which 20 papers were included in this review. Overall, 513 pediatric scoliosis patients (381 idiopathic, 44 neuromuscular, 39 neurofibromatosis type 1, 28 congenital, 14 syndromic, seven other) were evaluated for PS perforations among 6,209 iCT-Navi insertions. We found that 232 (3.7%) screws were judged as major perforations (G2 or G3), 55 (0.9%) screws were judged as dangerous deviations (G3), and seven (0.1%) screws were removed. There were no reports of neurovascular injury caused by PSs. The risk factors for PS perforation included more than six vertebrae distance from the reference frame, more than nine consecutive insertions, upper thoracic level, thinner pedicle, upper instrumented vertebra proximity, short stature, and female. The accuracy of PS insertion did not remarkably decrease when the radiation dose was reduced to 1/5 or 1/10 by altering the iCT-Navi protocol. CONCLUSIONS iCT-Navi has the potential to reduce PS perforation rates compared with other methods. The use of low-dose radiation protocols may not significantly affect PS perforation rates. Although several risk factors for PS perforation and measures to reduce radiation dose have been reported, the current evidence is limited by a lack of consistency in classifying PS perforation and evaluating patient radiation dose among studies. The standardization of several outcome definitions is recommended in this rapidly developing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Masashi Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shota Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Terue Hatakenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Miyaoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurogouchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takuma Fukuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Mimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koseki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi School of Medicine, School of Medicine, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lopez IB, Benzakour A, Mavrogenis A, Benzakour T, Ahmad A, Lemée JM. Robotics in spine surgery: systematic review of literature. Int Orthop 2023; 47:447-456. [PMID: 35849162 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-022-05508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over 4.83 million spine surgery procedures are performed annually around the world. With the considerable caseload and the precision needed to achieve optimal spinal instrumentation, technical progress has helped to improve the technique's safety and accuracy with the development of peri-operative assistance tools. Contrary to other surgical applications already part of the standard of care, the development of robotics in spine surgery is still a novelty and is not widely available nor used. Robotics, especially when coupled with other guidance modalities such as navigation, seems to be a promising tool in our quest for accuracy, improving patient outcomes and reducing surgical complications. Robotics in spine surgery may also be for the surgeon a way to progress in terms of ergonomics, but also to respond to a growing concern among surgical teams to reduce radiation exposure. METHOD We present in this recent systematic review of the literature realized according to the PRISMA guidelines the place of robotics in spine surgery, reviewing the comparison to standard techniques, the current and future indications, the learning curve, the impact on radiation exposure, and the cost-effectiveness. RESULTS Seventy-six relevant original studies were identified and analyzed for the review. CONCLUSION Robotics has proved to be a safe help for spine surgery, both for the patient with a decrease of operating time and increase in pedicular screw accuracy, and for the surgical team with a decrease of radiation exposure. Medico-economic studies demonstrated that despite a high buying cost, the purchase of a robot dedicated for spine surgery is cost-effective resulting in lesser revision, lower infection, reduced length of stay, and shorter surgical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Barrio Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 09, France
| | - Ahmed Benzakour
- Centre Orléanais du Dos, Pôle Santé Oréliance, Saran, France
| | - Andreas Mavrogenis
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Lemée
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 09, France. .,INSERM CRCI2NA Team 5, GLIAD, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Butler AJ, Colman MW, Lynch J, Phillips FM. Augmented reality in minimally invasive spine surgery: early efficiency and complications of percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation. Spine J 2023; 23:27-33. [PMID: 36182070 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Augmented reality (AR) employs an optical projection directly onto the user's retina, allowing complex image overlay on the natural visual field. In general, pedicle screw accuracy rates have improved with increasingly use of technology, with navigation-based instrumentation described as accurate in 89%-100% of cases. Emerging AR technology in spine surgery builds upon current spinal navigation to provide 3-dimensional imaging of the spine and powerfully reduce the impact of inherent ergonomic and efficiency difficulties. PURPOSE This publication describes the first known series of in vivo pedicle screws placed percutaneously using AR technology for MIS applications. STUDY DESIGN / SETTING After IRB approval, 3 senior surgeons at 2 institutions contributed cases from June, 2020 - March, 2022. 164 total MIS cases in which AR used for placement of percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation with spinal navigation were identified prospectively. PATIENT SAMPLE 155 (94.5%) were performed for degenerative pathology, 6 (3.6%) for tumor and 3 (1.8%) for spinal deformity. These cases amounted to a total of 606 pedicle screws; 590 (97.3%) were placed in the lumbar spine, with 16 (2.7%) thoracic screws placed. OUTCOME MEASURES Patient demographics and surgical metrics including total posterior construct time (defined as time elapsed from preincision instrument registration to final screw placement), clinical complications and instrumentation revision rates were recorded in a secure and de-identified database. METHODS The AR system used features a wireless headset with transparent near-eye display which projects intra-operative 3D imaging directly onto the surgeon's retina. After patient positioning, 1 percuntaneous and 1 superficial reference marker are placed. Intra-operative CT data is processed to the headset and integrates into the surgeon's visual field creating a "see-through" 3D effect in addition to 2D standard navigation images. MIS pedicle screw placement is then carried out percutaneously through single line of sight using navigated instruments. RESULTS Time elapsed from registration and percutaneous approach to final screw placement averaged 3 minutes and 54 seconds per screw. Analysis of the learning curve revealed similar surgical times in the early cases compared to the cases performed with more experience with the system. No instrumentation was revised for clinical or radiographic complication at final available follow-up ranging from 6-24 months. A total of 3 screws (0.49%) were replaced intra-operatively. No clinical effects via radiculopathy or neurologic deficit postoperatively were noted. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the use of AR for placement of spinal pedicle screws using minimally invasive techniques. This series of 164 cases confirmed efficiency and safety of screw placement with the inherent advantages of AR technologies over legacy enabling technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Butler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Matthew W Colman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Frank M Phillips
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Sharma V, Renjith K, Shetty AP, Anand K S SV, Kanna P RM, Rajasekaran S. C7 distal fixation anchor and its influence on sagittal profile in posterior cervical fusion; a retrospective analysis of 44 cases. J Orthop 2023; 35:54-57. [PMID: 36387765 PMCID: PMC9663888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Study design Retrospective. Purpose In multilevel posterior cervical fusion, whether to stop distal fixation at C7 or T1, remains a matter of debate. We aimed to assess clinical feasibility of C7 as distal fixation point and sought to compare complication rates and radiological outcome between lateral mass screws and pedicle screws at C7. Overview of literature Current literature remains inconclusive regarding need for thoracic extension of instrumentation in multilevel posterior cervical fusion. Methods We did a retrospective review of 44 consecutive patients who underwent posterior instrumented cervical decompression and fusion for degenerative cervical myelopathy with C7 as distal fixation point, and a minimum follow-up period of two years. We had two groups of patients based on C7 instrumentation. Group 1 Lateral mass screw fixation. Group 2 Pedicle screw fixation. Primary outcome Post-operative clinico-radiological evaluation of whole study population Secondary outcome: Comparison of complication rates and radiological outcome between groups 1 and 2. Results Mean age was 58.06 ± 14.4 years with average follow-up duration of 35.4 ± 4.5 months. There were 18 patients in Group 1 and 26 patients in Group 2. Mean pre-operative mJOA score was 10.51 and post-operative mJOA score was 15.74 with mean recovery rate (RR) 69.82%, of which 30 patients (70.23%) had good recovery and 14 patients (29.77%) had fair recovery at final follow up. The two groups didn't show any significant difference in complication rates and outcome. Conclusion C7 as distal fixation anchor is safe and effective in maintaining cervical sagittal balance following multilevel posterior cervical fusion. C7 lateral mass screws are found to be equally efficacious as pedicle screws in preventing worsening of sagittal profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vyom Sharma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| | - K.R. Renjith
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sri Vijay Anand K S
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna P
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. Rajasekaran
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre & Hospital Pvt Ltd, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Certo F, Altieri R, Garozzo M, Visocchi M, Barbagallo GMV. Direct Transpedicular C2 Fixation for the Surgical Management of Hangman's Fractures: A "Second Youth" for the Judet Approach. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2023; 135:291-299. [PMID: 38153484 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal management of hangman's fractures is controversial and the standard of care has been neither established nor supported by strong evidence. The Judet approach has been introduced in 1970 as surgical option to treat selected cases of hangman's fractures, harboring the advantage to preserve motion of the craniovertebral junction and to restore the C2 vertebra anatomy by insertion of transpedicular screws through the fracture line. This paper reviews the literature on hangman's fractures surgically managed by Judet approach, and reports two new illustrative cases. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for the review process. After initial screening of abstracts and papers, 13 manuscripts were included in the present review.Two cases of hangman's fractures, a Levine-Edwards type I and a type IIA, respectively, treated with direct transpedicular C2 screw fixation are reported. Surgical steps of the Judet approach are also described. RESULTS Our literature review revealed that the technique described by Judet is gaining appeal only in recent years and there is no consensus on surgical indications.No surgery-related complications were observed in the two reported cases. Patients experienced a significant reduction of neck pain postoperatively. Motion of craniovertebral junction was preserved in both patients at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS Direct transpedicular osteosynthesis of C2-pars interarticularis fracture has been already demonstrated as effective in type II and IIA hangman's fractures. The application of such technique in selected patients with atypical type I fractures should also be considered in order to achieve early mobilization and avoid external fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Certo
- A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Garozzo
- A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gabrovsky N, Ilkov P, Laleva M. Cirq Robotic Assistance for Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Placement: Overcoming the Disadvantages of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2023; 135:389-392. [PMID: 38153498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) techniques have been developed with the goal of reducing approach-related soft-tissue trauma and its associated complications. However, there is still a debate on some of the potential drawbacks of MISS techniques, such as their longer operating times and increased intraoperative radiation. A solution to these disadvantages could be the implementation of new technologies, such as computer-assisted navigation (CAN) and surgical robotics. We compare the standard fluoroscopy MISS technique with our experience with time per screw and X-ray exposure for pedicle screw placement using the Brainlab Cirq passive robotic arm assistance coupled with the Brainlab Curve navigation system. METHODS In the Cirq robot-assisted group (Group I), 109 screws were placed in 24 prospectively analyzed patients. In the fluoroscopy-guided group, 108 screws inserted into 20 consecutive patients were analyzed retrospectively (Group II). The duration of surgery, the time to place one screw, the X-ray exposition, and the pedicle screw accuracy for each patient were recorded and reviewed. RESULTS In total, 217 screws were analyzed. The treated levels ranged from T10 to S1. In Group I, 104 screws were grade A (95.4%) and five were grade B (4.6%). In Group II, 96 screws were grade A (88.89%); ten were grade B (9.26%); one was grade C (0.93%), and one was grade D (0.93%). While the screws placed by using the Cirq system were more accurate overall, there was no statistical significance when the two groups were compared, p = 0.3724. There was no significant difference in radiation exposure between the two groups, p = 0.5482; however the radiation exposure for the surgeon was very limited with the Cirq system. There was a significant reduction in the operation length (p = 0.0183) and the time per screw (p < 0.0001) for Group I. CONCLUSIONS The CAN systems and emerging robotic platforms have the potential to diminish the main disadvantages of MISS techniques-longer operation times and X-ray exposure, at least for the surgical team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Gabrovsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "Pirogov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Ilkov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "Pirogov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital "Pirogov", Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Tumbiolo S, Gerardi RM, Brunasso L, Costanzo R, Lombardo MC, Porcaro S, Adorno A, La Fata G, Paolini S, Visocchi M, Iacopino DG, Maugeri R. Pedicle Screw Placement Aided by C-Arm Fluoroscopy: A "Nevermore without" Technology to Pursue Optimal Spine Fixation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2023; 135:213-217. [PMID: 38153472 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36084-8_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The surgical technique and the intraoperative technology that support spinal pedicle screw placement have consistently evolved over the past decades to decrease the misplacement rate of pedicle screws. We retrospectively evaluated our case series by analyzing the period 2016-2020. Patients undergoing pedicle screw fixation for cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine degenerative diseases have been included. Surgery was carried out with the aid of intraoperative 3D C-arm fluoroscopy to assess and optimize screw placement and/or correct possible mispositioning. Each patient underwent a postoperative CT scan. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement and estimate the variation in mispositioning rates. We carried out 329 surgical procedures, as follows: 70 cervical, 78 thoracic spine, and 181 lumbar spine surgeries. An excellent overall pedicle screw positioning was obtained, with slight differences between the cervical (98.6%), thoracic (100%), and lumbar (98.9%) tracts. Accordingly, only three patients required a revision surgery owing to mispositioning (0.91%). In particular, intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy significatively improved the accuracy of thoracic screw positioning, as shown by postoperative CT scans. Our experience proves the crucial role of intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy in pursuing optimal technical results and improving patient outcomes at follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Tumbiolo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Emergency and Neuroscience, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Gerardi
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lara Brunasso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Costanzo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lombardo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Emergency and Neuroscience, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Porcaro
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Emergency and Neuroscience, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Adorno
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Emergency and Neuroscience, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Fata
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Emergency and Neuroscience, AOOR Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Saverio Paolini
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Maugeri
- Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone," Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurologic Surgery, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Liu D, Kahaer A, Wang Y, Zhang R, Maiaiti A, Maimaiti X, Zhou Z, Shi W, Cui Z, Zhang T, Li L, Rexiti P. Comparison of CT values in traditional trajectory, traditional cortical bone trajectory, and modified cortical bone trajectory. BMC Surg 2022; 22:441. [PMID: 36575417 PMCID: PMC9795663 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the CT values and length of the screw tracks of traditional trajectory (TT), cortical bone trajectory (CBT), and modified cortical bone trajectory (MCBT) screws and investigate the effects on the biomechanics of lumbar fixation. METHODS CT scan data of 60 L4 and L5 lumbar spine were retrieved and divided into 4 groups (10 male and 10 female cases in the 20-30 years old group and 20 male and 20 female cases in the 30-40 years old group). 3-dimentional (3D) model were established using Mimics 19.0 for each group and the placement of three techniques was simulated on the L4 and L5, and the part of the bone occupied by the screw track was set as the region of interest (ROI). The mean CT value and the actual length of the screw track were measured by Mimics 19.0. RESULTS The CT values of ROI for the three techniques were significantly different between the same gander in each age group (P < 0.05). The difference of screw track lengths for CBT and MCBT in the male and female is significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to the CT values of the three screw tracks: MCBT > CBT > TT, the MCBT screw track has greater bone-screw surface strength and longer screw tracks than CBT, which is easier to reach the anterior column of the vertebral body contributing to superior biomechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Liu
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Alafate Kahaer
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Yixi Wang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abulikemu Maiaiti
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Xieraili Maimaiti
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zihao Cui
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Digital Orthopaedic Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Digital Orthopaedic Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Longfei Li
- grid.13394.3c0000 0004 1799 3993Digital Orthopaedic Center, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Paerhati Rexiti
- grid.412631.3Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Lang Z, Ge T, Wu J, Yuan Q, Sun Y. Comparison of transfacet and pedicle screws in oblique lateral interbody fusion for single-level degenerative lumbar spine diseases: a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis. BMC Surg 2022; 22:429. [PMID: 36522754 PMCID: PMC9753392 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To perform a comparative assessment of percutaneous transfacet screws (TFS) and percutaneous bilateral pedicle screws (BPS) in oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for the treatment of single-level degenerative lumbar spine diseases in terms of radiological examinations and clinical outcomes. METHODS Sixty-six patients who received single-level OLIF with percutaneous supplementary fixation assisted by the robot for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine diseases were selected. There were 16 cases of OLIF with TFS and 50 cases of OLIF with BPS. The propensity score matching method selected 11 patients in each group with matched characteristics to perform a clinical comparison. RESULTS The estimated blood loss was 68.2 ± 25.2 ml in the OLIF with TFS group compared to 113.6 ± 39.3 ml in the OLIF with BPS group (P < 0.05). The intervertebral disc height raised from 8.6 to 12.9 mm in the TFS group and from 8.9 to 13.9 mm in the BPS group in the immediate postoperative period, and dropped to 10.8 and 12.9 mm at the twelfth month, respectively (P < 0.05). The fusion rates were 91% and 100% for TFS and BPS groups (P > 0.05). Quantitative assessments of back/leg pain of the two groups reached a healthy level in the late period of the follow-up. CONCLUSION Both TFS and BPS techniques for the OLIF surgery relieve back pain caused by degenerative lumbar spine diseases. The TFS technique exhibits less blood loss compared with the BPS. A moderate cage subsidence is present in TFS but no complication is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lang
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University 4th Clinical Medical College, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tenghui Ge
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University 4th Clinical Medical College, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingye Wu
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University 4th Clinical Medical College, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University 4th Clinical Medical College, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- grid.414360.40000 0004 0605 7104Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University 4th Clinical Medical College, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, No. 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100035 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Fu SY, Liu H, Wang ZR, Wang B, Li XB, Huang AB. Ideal entry point and trajectory for C2 pedicle screw placement in children: a 3D computed tomography study. Eur Spine J 2022; 31:3426-3432. [PMID: 36057908 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the ideal entry point for pediatric C2 pedicle screw and to obtain parameters of it for the indication of pediatric atlantoaxial fusion arthrodesis. METHODS The pediatric cervical CT images were reconstructed into the 3D digital models and the C2 vertebrae were separated. The location of ideal entry point and screw placement related linear and angular parameters were assessed on the 3D digital models. RESULTS A total of 214 pedicles from 107 C2 digital models were analyzed. The average entry point for C2 was 3.80 ± 2.78 mm medial to the lateral notch (LN) and 2.57 ± 1.70 mm superior to the LN. The average pedicle diameter (PD) was 6.02 ± 1.31 mm, and the average pedicle screw length (PSL) was 25.63 ± 3.46 mm. Statistical differences were found between different sex for PD and PSL (P < 0.05). As patient age increases, using the most lateral and inferior edge of the lateral mass as a reference marker, the entry point tends to move medial and cephalad, when using the LN as a reference marker, the entry point tends to move medial and slightly caudad. Univariate linear regression analysis suggested that these linear parameters were associated with age (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study, we found that the measurement results of C2 pedicle screw varied based on sex, laterality, and ages for children younger than 18 years. The entry point of the screws facilitating ideal trajectory tends to change in a linear way as a function of age. This information helps the surgeon to establish the specific anatomy related to C2 pedicle screw placement to facilitate fixation in the pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.,Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.,Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Bang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.,Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.,Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Ai-Bing Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China. .,Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Schupper AJ, Lin JD, Osorio JA, Lee NJ, Steinberger JM, Lombardi JM, Lehman RA, Lenke LG. Freehand Juxtapedicular Screws Placed in the Apical Concavity of Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: Technique, Computed Tomography Confirmation, and Radiographic Results. Neurospine 2022; 19:1116-1121. [PMID: 36597645 PMCID: PMC9816604 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244798.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to highlight our technique for freehand placement of juxtapedicular screws along with intraoperative computed tomography (CT) and radiographic results. METHODS Consecutive patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis undergoing primary surgery by the senior author were identified. All type D (absent/slit like channel) pedicles were identified on preoperative CT. Three-dimensional visualization software was used to measure screw angulation and purchase. Radiographs were measured by a fellowship trained spine surgeon. The freehand technique was used to place all screws in a juxtapedicular fashion without any fluoroscopic, radiographic, navigational or robotic assistance. RESULTS Seventy-three juxtapedicular screws were analyzed. The most common level was T7 (9 screws) on the left and T5 (12 screws) on the right. The average medial angulation was 20.7° (range, 7.1°-36.3°), lateral vertebral body purchase was 13.4 mm (range, 0-28.9 mm), and medial vertebral body purchase was 21.1 mm (range, 8.9-31.8 mm). More than half (53.4%) of the screws had bicortical purchase. Two screws were lateral on CT scan, defined by the screw axis lateral to the lateral vertebral body cortex. No screws were medial. There was a difference in medial angulation between screws with (n = 58) and without (n = 15) lateral body purchase (22.0 ± 4.9 vs. 15.5 ± 4.5, p < 0.001). Three of 73 screws were repositioned after intraoperative CT. There were no neurovascular complications. The mean coronal cobb corrections for main thoracic and lumbar curves were 83.0% and 80.5%, respectively, at an average of 17.5 months postoperative. CONCLUSION Freehand juxtapedicular screw placement is a safe technique for type D pedicles in adult idiopathic scoliosis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding Author James D. Lin Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joseph A. Osorio
- The Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J. Lee
- The Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Lombardi
- The Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A. Lehman
- The Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence G. Lenke
- The Spine Hospital, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hu Y, Chu Z, Shen S, Zhong J, Zhu B, Wu J, Yuan Z, Dong W. Biomechanical Properties of Novel Lateral Hole Pedicle Screws and Solid Pedicle Screws: A Comparative Study in the Beagle Dogs. Orthop Surg 2022; 15:328-336. [PMID: 36411506 PMCID: PMC9837263 DOI: 10.1111/os.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although pedicle screws are widely used to reconstruct the stability of the spine, screw loosening is a common complication after spine surgery. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of the hollow lateral hole structure had the potential to improve the stability of the pedicle screw by comparing the biomechanical properties of the novel lateral hole pedicle screws (LHPSs) with those of the solid pedicle screws (SPSs) in beagle dogs. METHODS The cancellous bone of the distal femur, proximal femur, distal tibia, and proximal tibia were chosen as implantation sites in beagle dogs. In each of 12 dogs, four LHPSs, and four SPSs were implanted into both lower limbs. At 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery, four dogs were randomly sampled and sacrificed. The LHPS group and SPS group were subdivided into four subgroups according to the length of their duration of implantation (0, 1, 2, 3 months). The biomechanical properties of both pedicle screws were evaluated by pull-out and the cyclic bending tests. RESULTS The results of the study showed that no significant difference was found between LHPSs (276.62 ± 50.11 N) and SPSs (282.47 ± 42.98 N) in pull-out tests at time 0 (P > 0.05). At the same time point after implantations, LHPSs exhibited significantly higher maximal pullout strength than SPSs (month 1: 360.51 ± 25.63 vs 325.87 ± 28.11 N; month 2: 416.59 ± 23.78 vs 362.12 ± 29.27 N; month 3: 447.05 ± 38.26 vs 376.63 ± 32.36 N) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with SPSs, LHPSs withstood more loading cycles (month 2: 592 ± 21 vs 534 ± 48 times; month 3: 596 ± 10 vs 543 ± 59 times), and exhibiting less displacement before loosening at month 2 (1.70 ± 0.17 vs 1.96 ± 0.10 mm) and 3 (1.69 ± 0.19 vs 1.92 ± 0.14 mm) (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in time 0 and month 1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The pedicle screw with the hollow lateral hole structure could allow bone to grow into the inner architecture, which improved biomechanical properties by extending the contact area between screw and bone tissue after implantation into the cancellous bone. It indicated that LHPS could reduce loosening of the pedicle screws in long term after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Ningbo No. 6 HospitalNingboChina
| | | | | | - Jian‐bin Zhong
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Ningbo No. 6 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Bing‐ke Zhu
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Ningbo No. 6 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Jia‐da Wu
- School of MedicineNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Zhen‐shan Yuan
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Ningbo No. 6 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Wei‐xin Dong
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Ningbo No. 6 HospitalNingboChina
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhao J, Jiang H, Zhuge Y, Gao R, Wang C, Ma J, Zhou X. Risk Factors for the Drift Phenomenon in O-arm Navigation-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement during Spinal Deformity Surgery. Orthop Surg 2022; 15:118-123. [PMID: 36394161 PMCID: PMC9837212 DOI: 10.1111/os.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative O-arm navigation systems improve the accuracy of spinal instrumentation placement. However, deviation of the pedicle screw from the guide line might occur. The aim of the present study was to explore the causes of and countermeasures for the drift phenomenon during pedicle screw implantation with the aid of an O-arm three-dimensional navigation system in spinal deformity surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 341 patients with spinal deformity who underwent O-arm navigation system-assisted pedicle screw placement from July 2015 to June 2019. The patient's general condition, Cobb angle, apical vertebra position, softness index, spinal release status, fixed reference frame position, and distance between the navigation vertebral body and the reference frame were collected and compared by independent-samples t test or Pearson's chi-square analysis. The potential risk factors for the drift phenomenon were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The drift phenomenon occurred in 57 patients during the first navigation-assisted pedicle screw placement, for an incidence of 16.7% (57/341). There were significant differences in factors such as the apical vertebra position, softness index, spinal release status, and distance between the vertebral body and the reference frame when the drift phenomenon occurred (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the softness index, spinal release status, and distance between the vertebral body and the reference frame when drifting occurred were independent risk factors for the drift phenomenon during O-arm navigation-assisted pedicle screw placement. CONCLUSION During the use of an O-arm navigation system to assist with pedicle screw placement, pedicle screws should not be placed away from the reference frame, and spinal osteotomy and release should be performed after pedicle screw placement. In addition, the accuracy of O-arm navigation-assisted pedicle screw placement will be affected more in those with larger softness indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Zhao
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Heng Jiang
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingjie Zhuge
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina,Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Gao
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ce Wang
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Ma
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Present address:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wu C, Deng J, Wang Q, Shen D, Qin B, Li T, Wang X, Zeng B. Comparison of Perpendicular to the Coronal Plane versus Medial Inclination for C2 Pedicle Screw Insertion Assisted by 3D Printed Navigation Template. Orthop Surg 2022; 15:563-571. [PMID: 36220773 PMCID: PMC9891962 DOI: 10.1111/os.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C2 pedicle screw insertion is very important in posterior upper cervical surgery. The traditional screw placement technique requires us to consider both medial inclination and cephalad angle, it is difficult to operate intraoperatively. This paper is to explore a novel method of C2 pedicle screw placement compared with traditional C2 pedicle screw. METHODS A total of 44 patients diagnosed with atlantoaxial fracture or instability from May 2018 to November 2020 were involved in this retrospective study, and they were divided into C2-PPS group (perpendicular to the coronal plane C2 screw, 24 patients) and C2-TPS group (traditional C2 pedicle screw, 20 patients). The diameter of the maximum tangential circle, distance between geometric center and median sagittal plane and screw length of PPS and TPS were measured based on the 3D model of C2, respectively. Then the 3D printed navigation templated were designed and manufactured by 3D printing to assisted the PPS and TPS placement, respectively. The surgical time and radiation exposure times during operation were recorded; the post-operative grading criteria, deviation of screw entry point and deviation of screw angle of two groups were evaluated, respectively. RESULTS A total of 48 screws were inserted in the C2-PPS group, and 40 screws were inserted in the C2-TPS group. There were 46 screws with grade 0 (95.8%) in the PPS group and 31 screws with grade 0 (77.5%) in the TPS group, (P = 0.03). The radiation exposure times in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 4.7 ± 1.5 and 7.8 ± 3.8, respectively, (P = 0.045). The deviations of screw entry point in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 1.2 ± 0.8 mm and 3.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively; the deviations of screw angle in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 2.1 ± 1.6° and 4.8 ± 2.0°, respectively, (P = 0.000). The diameters of the maximum tangential circle in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 5.5 ± 1.0 mm and 5.3 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The distances between the geometric center and median sagittal plane in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 15.4 ± 2.3 mm and 18.0 ± 3.3 mm, respectively; The screw lengths in the C2-PPS group and C2-TPS group were 25.9 ± 3.2 mm and 27.6 ± 3.7 mm, respectively, (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Eighty percent of C2-PPS corridor can accommodate a 3.5 mm diameter screw, and with an average screw length of 26 mm. Navigation templates assisted the C2-PPS placement is less surgical time, less radiation exposure times, more safe and more accurate than C2-TPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of OrthopedicsZigong Fourth People's HospitalZigongChina,Institute of Digital MedicineZigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial IntelligenceZigong643000China
| | - Jiayan Deng
- Institute of Digital MedicineZigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial IntelligenceZigong643000China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsHospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Danwei Shen
- Institute of Digital MedicineZigong Academy of Big Data for Medical Science and Artificial IntelligenceZigong643000China
| | - Binwei Qin
- Department of OrthopedicsHospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of OrthopedicsZigong Fourth People's HospitalZigongChina
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsZigong Fourth People's HospitalZigongChina
| | - Baifang Zeng
- Department of OrthopedicsZigong Fourth People's HospitalZigongChina,Department of OrthopedicsHospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
O'Leary R, Sullivan TB, Bartley CE, Bastrom TP, Upasani VV, Newton PO, Yaszay B. How often does the preoperative plan for freehand pedicle screw placement match the actual surgical execution in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:1923-1927. [PMID: 35816193 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a baseline for comparison with future advancements, this study determined the accuracy of preoperative planning of pedicle screw placement using standard radiographs for posterior fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS Ninety-five patients with AIS planned for PSF were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative planning was based upon standard upright posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. The planned number of screws to be placed at each level was recorded. Intraoperatively, all screws were placed by freehand technique. The number of successfully placed screws and the reasons for abandoning screw placement were documented. RESULTS There were a total of 1783 pedicle screws planned preoperatively. The average planned implant density was 2.0 implants/vertebra. A total of 1723 (96.6%) of the planned screws were placed successfully. Fourteen (0.8%) screws were abandoned after attempted placement (range 0-2 screws/case). Of 241 screws planned in pedicles noted to be "hypoplastic," 13 resulted in the use of a hook or no instrumentation. The placement was not attempted for 49 (range 0-7/case) planned screws due to intraoperative decision-making and a sense that the curve was flexible enough not to require every screw. Three cases (3.2%) required instrumentation of an additional level. CONCLUSIONS Standard spine radiographs allow for accurate preoperative planning for freehand pedicle screw placement in AIS. Ninety-seven percent of planned screws were placed successfully. The primary reason for deviation from the preoperative plan was intraoperative surgeon decision-making rather than difficulty with screw placement. This study will serve as a baseline when considering the utilization of navigation in PSF for AIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan O'Leary
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vidyadhar V Upasani
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Orthopedics & Scoliosis, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter O Newton
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Division of Orthopedics & Scoliosis, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Burt Yaszay
- Division of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, M/S OA.9.120, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, WA, 98105, Seattle, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Scherer M, Kausch L, Ishak B, Norajitra T, Vollmuth P, Kiening K, Unterberg A, Maier-Hein K, Neumann JO. Development and validation of an automated planning tool for navigated lumbosacral pedicle screws using a convolutional neural network. Spine J 2022; 22:1666-1676. [PMID: 35584757 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Navigation and robotic systems have been increasingly applied to spinal instrumentation but dedicated screw planning is a time-consuming prerequisite to tap the full potential of these techniques. PURPOSE To develop and validate an automated planning tool for lumbosacral pedicle screw placement using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to facilitate the planning process. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective analysis and processing of CT and screw planning data randomly selected from a consecutive registry of CT-navigated instrumentations from a single academic institution. PATIENT SAMPLE Data from 179 cases was processed for CNN training and validation (155 for training, 24 for validation) leveraging a total of 1182 screws (1052 for training, 130 for validation). OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative and qualitative (Gertzbein-Robbins classification [GR]) validation via comparison of automatically and manually planned reference screws, inter-rater and intra-rater variability. METHODS Annotated data from CT-navigated instrumentation was used to train a CNN operating in a vertebra instance-based approach employing a state-of-the-art U-Net framework. Internal five-fold cross-validation and external validation on an independent cohort not previously involved in training was performed. Quantitative validation of automatically planned screws was performed in comparison to corresponding manually planned screws by calculating the minimal absolute difference (MAD) of screw head and tip points, length and diameter, screw direction and Dice coefficient. Results were evaluated in relation to inter-rater and intra-rater variability of manual screw planning. RESULTS Automated screw planning was successful in all targeted 130 screws. Compared with manually planned screws as a reference, mean MAD of automatically planned screws was 4.61±2.27 mm for screw head, 3.96±2.19 mm for tip points and 5.51±3.64° for screw direction. These differences were either statistically comparable or significantly smaller when compared with interrater variability of manual screw planning (p>.99 for head point and direction, p=.004 for tip point, respectively). Mean Dice coefficient of 0.61±0.16 indicated significantly greater agreement of automatic screws with the manual reference compared with interrater agreement (Dice 0.56±0.18, p<.001). Automatically planned screws were marginally shorter (MAD 3.4±3.2 mm) and thinner (MAD mean 0.3±0.6 mm) compared with the manual reference, but with statistical significance (p<.0001, respectively). Automatically planned screws were GR grade A in 96.2% in qualitative validation. Planning time was significantly shorter with the automatic approach (0:41 min vs. 6:41 min, p<.0001). CONCLUSIONS We derived and validated a fully automated planning tool for lumbosacral pedicle screws using a CNN. Our validation showed noninferiority to manual screw planning and provided sufficient accuracy to facilitate and expedite the screw planning process. These results offer a high potential to improve workflows in spine surgery when integrated into navigation or robotic assistance systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Scherer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Lisa Kausch
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Basem Ishak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tobias Norajitra
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Philipp Vollmuth
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Karl Kiening
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Klaus Maier-Hein
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Pattern Analysis and Learning Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan-Oliver Neumann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Sato T, Nojiri H, Okuda T, Miyagawa K, Kobayashi N, Takahashi R, Shimura A, Tamagawa S, Ohara Y, Hara T, Ishijima M. Three-dimensional morphological analysis of the thoracic pedicle and related radiographic factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:847. [PMID: 36068555 PMCID: PMC9450434 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the laterality of the pedicle morphology at the apical vertebra (AV) level and identify the radiographic factors associated with the laterality ratio of the pedicle morphology at the AV level in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Overall, 684 pedicles in 57 AIS patients aged 10–20 years, who underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and had Lenke type 1 or 2 with right convex main thoracic curves (MTC), were evaluated. Pedicle diameters of the MTC were assessed. We defined and compared the region containing two vertebrae adjacent to the AV (APEX±1) and the region containing two vertebrae adjacent to the neutral vertebra. We analyzed the pedicle diameter and laterality ratio of APEX±1 and performed multiple linear regression analysis to identify the radiographic factors associated with the laterality of the pedicle diameter. Results On the concave side of APEX±1, the pedicles of 15 patients (26.3%) did not accept a 4-mm-diameter pedicle screw (PS), even with 25% cortical bone width expansion. Laterality ratio differences in the pedicle diameters of the cortical bone width in APEX±1 were large in patients with more proximal AV level (p < 0.001) and smaller apical vertebral rotation (AVR) (p = 0.029). Conclusions Preoperative planning to accurately select and insert the PS in AIS should be based on the anatomical limitations in APEX±1, AV level, and AVR degree. In APEX±1, the correlation between AVR and the laterality ratio of the pedicle diameter may be useful for pathoetiological interpretation of the AIS deformity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05799-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Okuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Miyagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihisa Shimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukoh Ohara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Li C, Mei Y, Li L, Li Z, Huang S. Posterior Decompression and Fusion with Vertical Pressure Procedure in the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical OPLL with Kyphotic Deformity. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:2361-2368. [PMID: 35979948 PMCID: PMC9483083 DOI: 10.1111/os.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the outcomes and feasibility of a new technique to change K‐line (−) to K‐line (+) via only a posterior approach to treat multilevel non‐continuous cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (C‐OPLL) with kyphotic deformity. Methods In this study, 17 consecutive cases of patients who underwent vertical pressure procedure (VP) combined with posterior cervical single‐open‐door laminoplasty and instrumented fusion from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 were enrolled. The following radiographic parameters: C2‐C7 Cobb angle, local Cobb angle, extent of OPLL, and the distance from OPLL to the K‐line(DK) were measured and analyzed. Clinically, the JOA score, VAS‐N and VAS‐A, NDI, and complications were collected from medical records to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results All 17 cases shifted from K‐line (−) to K‐line (+).Comparing the preoperative images to the final follow‐up images, the mean C2‐7 Cobb angle changed from −6.94° ± 8.30° to 8.18° ± 4.43°, and the local Cobb angle altered from −9.12° ± 8.68° to 6.65° ± 6.11°. The mean DK increased from −2.64 ± 1.52 mm to 3.09 ± 2.19 mm. One patient showed C5 palsy and recovered within 3 months. The mean JOA score increased from 8.88 ± 2.11 to 14.71 ± 1.36. The average NDI decreased from 20.65 ± 7.80 to 8.94 ± 4.93. The mean VAS‐N and VAS‐A decreased from 3.44 ± 1.80 and 4.69 ± 1.97 to 1.25 ± 0.86 and 1.38 ± 1.16. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Conclusion A new technique added to posterior decompression and fusion (PDF), the vertical pressure procedure effectively corrects K‐line (−) to K‐line (+) and avoids the shortcomings of conventional anterior decompression and fusion (ADF) as well as PDF to provide a relatively safe and adequate decompression, cervical realignment. It pronounced satisfactory clinical outcome for extensive non‐continuous OPLL with kyphotic deformity even though OPLL remains ventral to the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yunli Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zeqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Guduru AV, Keerthi I, Sujir P, Jain MK, Sodavarapu P. Effect of pedicle screw placement into the fractured vertebra in management of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures. Int J Burns Trauma 2022; 12:139-148. [PMID: 36160669 PMCID: PMC9490151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedicle screw insertion at the level of the fractured vertebra has been shown to improve clinical and radiological outcomes in unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures, albeit this requires further evidence. The study aims to evaluate the effect of pedicle screw placement on the fractured vertebra in such cases. METHODS A prospective study included adult patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures treated with short-segment posterior instrumentation with a pedicle screw into the fractured vertebra. Anterior vertebral body height loss, kyphotic angle and degree of spinal canal compromise were measured preoperatively and postoperatively in radiographs and CT scans. The neurological status was followed up for one year of the postoperative period. RESULTS The study included a total of 30 patients. Five patients (16.7%) had grade C, three patients (10%) had grade D, and 22 patients (73.3%) had grade E neurological status. The mean (SD) preoperative kyphotic angle, vertebral body height and canal compromise were 5.54 (5.35), 39.67% (8.04), and 31.59% (10.62), respectively. Postoperatively there was a significant canal decompression, with a mean postoperative spinal canal compromise of 5.53% (SD=7.70; p-value <0.001). At the end of one year of follow-up, the radiological evaluation showed a correction of the kyphotic angle to 6.62 (SD=2.57; p-value <0.001), and the mean anterior vertebral body height was 70.38% (SD=11.25; p-value <0.001). At the end of one year, there was a significant overall neurological recovery with a final neurological status of grade D in 5 (16.7%) and grade E in 25 patients (83.3%). There was no significant association between canal decompression and neurology at the end of the one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures surgically treated with short-segment fixation with an additional intermediate screw can achieve significant restoration of vertebral body height and correction of kyphotic angle without any added complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishwara Keerthi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMangalore, India
| | - Premjit Sujir
- Department of Orthopaedics, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationMangalore, India
| | | | - Praveen Sodavarapu
- Department of Orthopaedics, G.S.L Medical College & General HospitalRajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Zhou LP, Zhang RJ, Jiang ZF, Tao EX, Shang J, Shen CL. Ideal entry point and trajectory for C2 pedicle screw placement in basilar invagination patients with high-riding vertebral artery based on 3D computed tomography. Spine J 2022; 22:1281-1291. [PMID: 35508287 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C2 pedicle screw placement in patients with basilar invagination (BI) is fraught with risks because of a high incidence of anatomical variations and high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA). However, no study can be found in the literature that attempted to identify the ideal entry point and trajectory through the C2 pedicle in BI patients with HRVA. PURPOSE To investigate the parameters of ideal entry point and trajectory for C2 pedicle screw placement in BI patients with HRVA and compare them with those in BI patients without HRVA and patients without BI as control. These parameters would serve as a guide to pedicle screw placement. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective comparative study. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 396 patients (198 consecutive BI patients and 198 matched patients without BI as control) and 792 unilateral pedicles from April 2017 to October 2021 at two medical centers were included. OUTCOME MEASURES The insertion parameters of mediolateral angle, surface distance, cephalad angle, and vertical distance from the superior border of the lamina were the primary outcome measures for the reference of C2 pedicle screw placement. Furthermore, factors that affect the primary insertion parameters were assessed via multiple linear regression analyses. METHOD According to the diagnosis of BI and HRVA, the unilateral pedicles were assigned into HRVA of BI, non-HRVA of BI, HRVA of control, and non-HRVA of control groups. Subgroup analyses based on Goel types A and B were also performed. Moreover, vertebral artery (VA) anomalies that might result in potentially serious complications were identified and systematically compared. RESULTS The measurements of insertion parameters in BI patients with HRVA indicated a mean mediolateral angle of 27.42°, a mean cephalad angle of 43.02°, a mean surface distance of 9.74 mm, and a mean vertical distance from the superior border of the lamina of 3.85 mm. Compared with that in BI patients without HRVA, the measurements suggested that the entry point in BI patients with HRVA should be shifted upward by 0.38 mm and the trajectory should be angled cephalad by 6.05° and medially by 4.78°. In the control group, changes in the insertion parameters between HRVA and non-HRVA showed a similar trend to the BI group. Multiple linear regression showed that mediolateral angle was significantly associated with the male gender (B=-0.930, p=.017) and the diagnoses of HRVA (B=6.964, p<.001), Goel type A (B=-1.656, p=.003), and Goel type B (B=0.981, p=.030). Moreover, cephalad angle was significantly associated with the length of lateral mass (B=-0.319, p=.001) and the diagnoses of HRVA (B=3.254, p<.001) and Goel type A (B=6.924, p<.001). The VA anomalies were significantly higher in the BI group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The insertion parameters of the ideal entry point and trajectory for C2 screw placement in BI patients with HRVA were remarkably different from those of non-HRVA of BI, HRVA of control, and non-HRVA of control cohorts. Preoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography are highly recommended in such patients to improve intraoperative safety and reduce postoperative complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 210 Jixi Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Ren-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 210 Jixi Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Er-Xu Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 210 Jixi Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 107 Huanhudong Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Cai-Liang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 210 Jixi Rd, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Harel R, Anekstein Y, Raichel M, Molina CA, Ruiz-Cardozo MA, Orrú E, Khan M, Mirovsky Y, Smorgick Y. The XVS System During Open Spinal Fixation Procedures in Patients Requiring Pedicle Screw Placement in the Lumbosacral Spine. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e1226-e1232. [PMID: 35671991 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the safety, performance, and usability of the Xvision-Spine (XVS) System (Augmedics, Arlington Heights, IL) during open spinal fixation procedures in patients requiring pedicle screw placement in the lumbosacral spine. METHODS The XVS System is an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD) based on a computer navigation system designed to assist surgeons in accurately placing pedicle screws. It uses an HMD-mounted tracking camera to provide optical tracking technology, and provides the surgeon a translucent direct near-eye display of the navigated surgical instrument's location relative to the computed tomographic image. We report the preliminary results of a prospective series of all consecutive patients who underwent augmented reality-assisted pedicle screw placement in the lumbosacral vertebrae at 3 institutions. Clinical accuracy for each pedicle screw was graded with Gertzbein-Robbins scores by 2 independent and blinded neuroradiologists. RESULTS The 19 study participants included 8 men and 11 women with a mean age of 59.13 ± 12.09 and 59.91 ± 12.89 years, respectively. Seventeen procedures were successfully completed via the XVS System. Two procedures were not completed due to technical issues with the system's intraoperative scanner. A total of 86 screws were inserted. The accuracy of the XVS System was 97.7%. CONCLUSIONS The XVS System's performance in accurate placement of pedicle screws in the lumbosacral vertebrae had an overall accuracy of 97.7%. These preliminary results were comparable to the accuracy of other manual computer-assisted navigation systems reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Harel
- Department of Neurosurgery and the Spine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Anekstein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and the Spine Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Raichel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and the Spine Unit, Haemek Medical Center, Affula, Israel
| | - Camilo A Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Miguel A Ruiz-Cardozo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emanuele Orrú
- Department of Neuroradiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Majid Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yigal Mirovsky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and the Spine Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yossi Smorgick
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and the Spine Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
de Kater EP, Sakes A, Edström E, Elmi-Terander A, Kraan G, Breedveld P. Beyond the pedicle screw-a patent review. Eur Spine J 2022; 31:1553-65. [PMID: 35380271 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review provides an overview of the patent literature on posteriorly placed intrapedicular bone anchors. Conventional pedicle screws are the gold standard to create a fixation in the vertebra for spinal fusion surgery but may lack fixation strength, especially in osteoporotic bone. The ageing population demands new bone anchors that have an increased fixation strength, that can be placed safely, and, if necessary, can be removed without damaging the surrounding tissue. METHODS The patent search was conducted using a classification search in the Espacenet patent database. Only patents with a Cooperative Patent Classification of A61B17/70 or A61B17/7001 concerning spinal positioners and stabilizers were eligible for inclusion. The search query resulted in the identification of 731 patents. Based on preset inclusion criteria, a total of 56 unique patents on different anchoring methods were included, reviewed and categorized in this study. RESULTS Five unique fixation methods were identified; (1) anchors that use threading, (2) anchors that utilize a curved path through the vertebra, (3) anchors that (partly) expand, (4) anchors that use cement and (5) anchors that are designed to initiate bone ingrowth. Of the anchor designs included in this study, eight had a corresponding commercial product, six of which were evaluated in clinical trials. CONCLUSION This review provides insights into worldwide patented intrapedicular bone anchors that aim to increase the fixation strength compared to the conventional pedicle screw. The identified anchoring methods and their working principles can be used for clinical decision-making and as a source of inspiration when designing novel bone anchors.
Collapse
|
85
|
Rajasekaran S, Pushpa BT, Anand KSSV, Shetty AP, Kanna RM, Dhillon CS. The phenomenon of vertebral body drift in neurofibromatosis and its implications for surgical safety. Eur Spine J 2022; 31:1343-1348. [PMID: 35362735 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the phenomenon of body drift in neurofibromatosis scoliosis and discuss its implication on surgical safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten dystrophic neurofibromatosis scoliosis (NF) and ten adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were studied by radiographs, CT, and MRI. The curve characteristics and a detailed analysis of the morphology of the apical and three adjacent vertebral segments above and below were done. The coronal alignment and the presence of a drift of the vertebral body in relationship to the lamina were carefully studied in both groups and compared. RESULTS The mean cobb angle in the NF group was 77.6°, and 63.7° in the AIS group. All the studied vertebra in the NF group had extensive pedicle changes, which were more severe at the apical and periapical regions. Body drift was noted in 29 vertebral segments, with 9/10 of apical segments showing a significant drift. The body drift was associated with significant pedicle dystrophic changes and was independent of the curve magnitude. In comparison, in AIS, no body drift was noted despite a larger deformity and more severe vertebral rotation. CONCLUSION The 'body drift' phenomenon was unique to neurofibromatosis scoliosis and was secondary to severe pedicle morphology changes. This was present even in curves less than 60° and could result in cord injury while instrumenting the concave pedicle. Therefore, a thorough preoperative assessment and planning by a 3D CT are mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekaran
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India.
| | - B T Pushpa
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam road, Coimbatore, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Hatakenaka T, Oba H, Ikegami S, Kuraishi S, Uehara M, Mimura T, Takizawa T, Munakata R, Kamanaka T, Miyaoka Y, Koseki M, Takahashi J. Comparison of differences and random errors in pedicle diameter measurements between MRI and CT: observational study of 315 pedicles in Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Spine J 2022; 22:1002-1011. [PMID: 35017052 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screws is commonly used for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). To reduce radiation exposure, methods other than computed tomography (CT) are desirable for preoperative determination of pedicle diameter. PURPOSE Investigate the differences between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT measurements of pedicle diameter. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional research. PATIENT SAMPLE Twenty-one AIS Lenke type 1 patients (19 female and 2 males, mean age at surgery: 15.4 years) who underwent posterior spinal fusion between April 2009 and October 2019. OUTCOME MEASURES Gap between CT and MRI pedicle diameters. METHODS The inner and outer diameters of the right and left pedicles from T1 to L3 were measured separately by two spine surgeons for statistical comparisons. RESULTS The respective minimum and maximum CT-MRI values were -3.7 mm and 4.7 mm for inner diameter and -4.6 mm and 5.3 mm for outer diameter. Regarding inter-examiner error, the probability of a 2 mm difference in measurement was less than 5% for both modalities. The probability of a 1 mm difference was also less than 5%, and that of a 3 mm or more difference was 2.1% for the inner diameter and 2.9% for the outer diameter. Whereas low body weight was significantly associated with measurement differences, pedicle laterality was not. CONCLUSIONS MRI does not have the reliability to measure pedicle size in AIS patients at present. However, with advancements in image processing technology, the accuracy of pedicle size measurement by MRI may soon improve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terue Hatakenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Shota Ikegami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shugo Kuraishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masashi Uehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Mimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takashi Takizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ryo Munakata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Miyaoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koseki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University, School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Han B, Ding H, Hai Y, Liu Y, Guan L, Pan A, Zhang X, Yin P. May the midline lumbar interbody fusion (MIDLIF) prevent the early radiographic adjacent segment degeneration? A minimum 3-year follow-up comparative study of MIDLIF in L4/5 with cortical bone trajectory screw versus traditional pedicle screw fixation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:480. [PMID: 35596180 PMCID: PMC9121621 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Study design Retrospective cohort study. Objective To compare the early radiographic adjacent segment degeneration (R-ASD) and regional lumbar sagittal alignment after midline lumbar interbody fusion (MIDLIF) with cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation (CBT-MIDLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with the traditional pedicle screw fixation (PS-PLIF) during long-term follow-up. Methods All patients who underwent CBT-MIDLIF or PS-PLIF were identified by a retrospective consecutive case review. Radiographic parameters in cephalad adjacent segment (L3/4), including intervertebral space height (ISH), foraminal height (FH), foraminal width (FW), range of motion were assessed. Lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), L4–L5 Cobb angle, Cobb angle of the intervertebral space at L4–L5, and height of the anterior and posterior edges of the intervertebral space at L4–L5, were measured and compared on preoperative, postoperative, and 3-year follow-up radiographic evaluation. Results Seventy-four patients underwent CBT-MIDLIF (CBT-MIDLIF group) and 114 patients underwent conventional PS-PLIF (PS-PLIF group). ISH, FH and FW were significantly smaller at 6-month follow-up than before operation with PS-PLIF (p < 0.001) but showed no significant changes with CBT-MIDLIF (p > 0.05). At the last follow-up, the changes in cephalad R-ASD parameters were more remarkable after PS-PLIF than after CBT-MIDLIF (p < 0.01). LL and SS were significant larger at the last follow-up than before operation in both groups (p < 0.001). Regarding long-term outcomes, the symptoms caused by degenerative spinal disorders significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion CBT-MIDLIF had less radiographic degeneration in the adjacent segment than PS-PLIF at 3-year follow-up. The lumbar sagittal alignment could be improved significantly and the surgical outcomes were satisfactory after either CBT-MIDLIF or PS-PLIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hongtao Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Yuzeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Aixing Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, GongTiNanLu 8#, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Fonseca P, Goethel M, Vilas-Boas JP, Gutierres M, Correia MV. A systematic review with meta-analysis of the diagnostic test accuracy of pedicle screw electrical stimulation. Eur Spine J 2022; 31:1599-1610. [PMID: 35562617 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a systematic review with meta-analysis providing evidence of the current diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of pedicle screw electrical stimulation. METHODS A systematic database search on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was performed according to the PRISMA-DTA guidelines, and eligibility criteria applied to reduce the results to: (1) only journal articles reporting electrical stimulation of the pedicle screw head, (2) screw position confirmation by imaging techniques, and (3) enough information allowing the calculation of a 2 × 2 contingency table. Sample characteristics, image confirmation method, electrical current threshold and stimulation results were retrieved and analyzed using according to appropriate DTA analysis methods, and allowing the calculation of specificity, sensitivity for pedicle screws insertion at the lumbar and thoracic levels. RESULTS Lumbar screw stimulation presents a higher sensitivity (0.586 [0.336, 0.798] and specificity (0.984 [0.958, 0.994]) than thoracic screws (sensitivity: 0.270 [0.096; 0.562]; specificity: 0.958 [0.931, 0.975]). The same is observed in terms of the diagnostic odds ratio for lumbar (88.32 [32.136, 242.962]) and thoracic (8.460 [2.139, 33.469]) levels. When performing a sub-group analysis, it is possible to divide the lumbar stimulation threshold as 8 and 10-12 mA, and the thoracic threshold as 6 and 9-12 mA. A threshold of 8 mA at the lumbar level provides higher sensitivity and specificity. Increasing the threshold results in higher specificity but not sensitivity. In fact, at the range of 10-12 mA, the diagnostic validity is too low to confer this technique any robust diagnostic validity. Similarly, at the thoracic level, lower threshold currents are associated with increased sensitivity, but their diagnostic validity is very low. CONCLUSION Electrical stimulation of the pedicle screw can be used as an adequate diagnostic capability at the lumbar level with a threshold of 8 mA. However, thoracic stimulation is currently not reliable, with very low sensitivity and diagnostic validity at 6 mA or higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fonseca
- LABIOMEP: Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,FEUP: Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcio Goethel
- LABIOMEP: Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Vilas-Boas
- LABIOMEP: Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FADEUP: Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gutierres
- LABIOMEP: Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP: Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Velhote Correia
- LABIOMEP: Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP: Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INESC TEC: Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Mirzaei F, Iranmehr A, Shokouhi G, Khadivi M, Shakeri M, Namvar M, Rafiei E, Matloubi B. The role of cross-link augmentation on fusion rate and patient satisfaction among patients with traumatic thoracolumbar spinal fracture: A randomized clinical trial. Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) 2022; 33:105-110. [PMID: 35526942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucie.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Most of the studies evaluating the effect of cross links on spinal stability are performed in vitro on porcine or human spine segments and there is limited data regarding clinical benefits of cross link augmentation in traumatic injuries. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of cross-links insertion between rods on the fusion rates and post-surgical patients' satisfaction among patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures who underwent posterior spinal fixation with pedicle screws. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial on 60 patients suffering from traumatic thoracolumbar vertebrae fractures. Patients were randomized into three groups: A (without any cross-link), B (One cross-link insertion) and C (two cross-links insertion). Six months after surgery outcomes were evaluated: fusion rates (plain X-ray and CT scan), Back pain (Visual Analog Scale) and patient satisfaction (fair, good, excellent). RESULTS In group A 13 (65%) patients had structured bone fusion, but in 7 (35%) patients bone fusion was not observed. In both groups B and C, 19 patients (95%) had bone fusion, but only in 1 patient (5%) fusion failed (p=0.009). In group A, fair satisfaction has the highest rate (8 patients (40%)) compared to the other groups. The highest reported severity of back pain was observed in group A while the lowest reported intensity of back pain was related to group B (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Adding cross link to posterior spinal fixations of patients with traumatic thoracolumbar fractures can be associated with better final fusion results and patients' satisfaction. However it is necessary to design studies with greater sample sizes to confirm this theory. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20120527009878N3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Mirzaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arad Iranmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghaffar Shokouhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Khadivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moslem Shakeri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Namvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Rafiei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bagher Matloubi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Davis S, Walsh JP, Crosby S, Kabins M, Weyand T, Lee D. The effect of hydroxyapatite on titanium pedicle screw resistance: an electrical model. Spine J 2022; 22:869-76. [PMID: 34813959 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intraoperative detection of a pedicle wall breach implicitly reduces surgical risk, but the reliability of intraoperative neuromonitoring has been contested. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been promulgated to increase pedicle screw resistance and negatively influence the accuracy of electromyography. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of HA on pedicle screw electrical resistance using a controlled laboratory model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Stimulation of pedicle screws was performed in normal saline (0.9% NaCl). The experimental group included 8 HA coated (HAC) pedicle screws and matched manufacturer control pedicle screws without HAC (Ti6Al4V). All screws were stimulated at 5, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-mm submersion depths. Circuit current return was recorded, and pedicle screw electrical resistance was calculated according to Ohm's Law. Data were assessed for normality and variance. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared groups with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Effect size is reported with 95% confidence intervals (95CI). p values <.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Current return was detected for all screws (N=24) following subclinical 8.5 µA stimulation at 5, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-mm submersion depths (N=144). The effect estimate of HA on pedicle screw electrical resistance is -0.07 (-0.17 to 0.01 95CI). The estimated effect of HA on pedicle screw electrical resistance did not differ across manufacturers. Electrical resistance values were inversely related to submersion depth. Electrical resistance values were lower in the experimental group at 10 mm (p=.04), 15 mm (p=.04), and 25 mm (p=.02) submersion depths. The HA effect ranged from -0.03 to -0.08 as submersion depth varied. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that HA increased pedicle screw electrical resistance in a matched manufacturer control laboratory model. Electrical stimulation of pedicle screws may be reliable for pedicle breach detection in the presence of HA. Future research should investigate if laboratory findings translate to clinical practice and confirm that electrical stimulation of pedicle screws is a reliable method to detect pedicle breach in the presence of HA.
Collapse
|
91
|
Lee DH, Park S, Cho JH, Hwang CJ, Lee HR, Seok SY, Lee CS. The medial window technique as a salvage method to insert C2 pedicle screw in the case of a high-riding vertebral artery or narrow pedicle: a technical note and case series. Eur Spine J 2022; 31:1251-9. [PMID: 35249142 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the safety and feasibility of C2 medial window screw (C2MWS) as an alternative salvage method for C2 pedicle screws in cases of high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) or narrow pedicle. METHODS The C2MWS technique involves screw insertion by intentionally breaching the medial cortex of the pedicle to avoid vertebral artery injury. Twelve patients who underwent C2 screw insertion via the C2MWS were retrospectively reviewed. C2MWS was indicated in cases of high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) or narrow pedicle (pedicle width ≤ 4 mm). The width of the canal breach by screw, vertebral artery groove (VAG) breach, solid fusion, neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were assessed as outcome measurements. RESULTS C2MWS was indicated due to both HRVA and narrow pedicle for 11 screws, narrow pedicle for one screw, and HRVA for two screws. No screw VAG breach or vertebral artery injury was noted postoperatively. The mean width of canal breach was 2.9 ± 1.3 mm. There were no cases demonstrating neurologic deterioration, and 11 patients (91.7%) demonstrated solid fusion at 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, neck pain VAS and JOA scores significantly improved after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS The C2MWS technique can provide 3-column fixation while reliably avoiding VA injury. C2MWS could be considered as a salvage alternative method when the insertion of C2 pedicle screw is complicated by HRVA or a narrow pedicle, while there is a need to provide firmer fixation strength than that provided by pars or translaminar screws. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Collapse
|
92
|
Biswas JK, Malas A, Majumdar S, Rana M. A comparative finite element analysis of artificial intervertebral disc replacement and pedicle screw fixation of the lumbar spine. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2022; 25:1812-1820. [PMID: 35152795 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2039130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloy-based Pedicle screw-rod fusion is a very common technique to provide higher fusion regularity than other methods. In recent times, Carbon-fibre-reinforced (CFR)-PEEK rod is used to better reduce the fusion rate. Alternatively, total disc replacement (TDR) is also very common for the non-fusion treatment method for degenerative disc disease (DDD). This study aims to investigate flexibility (ROM), stability, stress condition in implant, implant adjacent bone of the implanted lumbar spine during different physiological movements and loading environments. The finite element (FE) intact model of the lumbar spine (L2-L5) with two-level pedicle screw-rod fusion at L3-L4-L5 and two-level artificial disc replacement was developed. CFR-PEEK was taken for rod for semi-rigid fusion. UHMWPE was taken as core part of the artificial disc. The FE models were simulated under 6, 8 and 10 Nm moments in left right lateral bending, flexion and extension movements. The total ROM was reduced for two-level pedicle screw fixation and increased for the artificial disc replacement model during flexion extension compared to the intact spine. The total ROM was reduced by around 54% and 25% for two-level fixation and increased by 30% and 19.5% for artificial disc replacement spine, under flexion-extension and left-right lateral bending respectively. For screw fixation, the ROM increased by 15% and 18% reduced by 4.5% and 14% for disc replacement at the adjacent segments for flexion-extension and left-right lateral bending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Anindya Malas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sourav Majumdar
- Department of Applied Science & Humanities, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Masud Rana
- Department of Aerospace Engineering & Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Vasan N, Scherman DB, Kam A. A tale of two robots: Operating times and learning curves in robot-assisted lumbar fusion. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 97:42-48. [PMID: 35033780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Robotic assistance technologies are being incorporated into minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and operating staff. However, they introduce new issues including increased operating time and difficult incorporation into surgical workflow. This study, conducted with 42 patients under the care of one neurosurgeon in Sydney, Australia, investigates the operating time increase with three different robotic modalities, and the learning curves they pose to the surgeon. Between the comparable modalities of freehand MIS-TLIF and Mazor Renaissance® CT to Fluoro, there was a significant increase in time from patient draping to insertion of the final K-wire (p = 0.0019), and a non-significant increase in time per K-wire (p = 0.55) using Mazor Renaissance®. Comparing the ROSA® and Mazor Renaissance® Scan and Plan, there were significant increases in drape to final K-wire time and time per K-wire using ROSA® assistance (p = 0.000068 and p = 0.011). ROSA® also had a steeper learning curve compared to both Mazor Renaissance® modalities, which were similar. Our study shows that Mazor Renaissance® modalities are superior to ROSA® in minimizing extra operating time, and also have easier learning curves; however, both modalities increase operating time compared with freehand MIS-TLIF. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to compare multiple robotic techniques in MIS-TLIF. Though these results highlight important differences between robotic modalities that are crucial for spinal surgeons to understand, the low sample size and variability in data reveal the need for larger, multi-centre studies in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Vasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Public Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury and Darcy Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Daniel B Scherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Public Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury and Darcy Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Andrew Kam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Public Hospital, Cnr Hawkesbury and Darcy Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Magetsari R, Rukmoyo T, Saputra MA, Sakti YM. Comparison of insertion time, pull-out strength, and screw-media interface area of customized pedicle screw with different core and thread design against commercial pedicle screw: a pilot study on Indonesian Population. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:17. [PMID: 35022083 PMCID: PMC8756690 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aimed to developing customized pedicle screw based on Indonesian vertebral anatomy and compare the insertion time, pull-out strength, and screw-media interface area of different screw design. We have developed 3 different types of pedicle screws (v-thread cylinder-core, square-thread cylinder-core and square-thread conical-core). The thread diameter was calculated from pedicle width of Indonesian population (6 mm). We used commercially available pedicle screw as control group (6.2 mm). Result The insertion time were significantly difference between v-thread cylinder-core pedicle screw (22.94 s) with commercially available pedicle screw (15.86 s) (p < 0.05). The pull-out strength was significantly difference between commercially available pedicle screw (408.60 N) with square-thread conical pedicle screw (836.60 N) (p < 0.05). The square-thread conical-core group have the highest interface area (1486.21 mm2). The data comparison showed that the square-thread conical-core customized pedicle screw group has comparable insertion time and has better pull-out strength than commercially available pedicle screw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahadyan Magetsari
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. .,Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr, Sardjito Hospital, Jl. Kesehatan No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Tedjo Rukmoyo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marda Ade Saputra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yudha Mathan Sakti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Zhang Q, Fan MX, Han XG, Liu YJ, He D, Liu B, Tian W. Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement: A Case-Control Study. Neurospine 2022; 18:839-844. [PMID: 35000338 PMCID: PMC8752688 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2142560.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify potential risk factors of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation.
Methods A retrospective analysis of robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation performed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 was conducted. Research data was collected from the medical record and imaging systems. Univariate tests were performed on the potential risk factors (patient’s characteristics and surgical factors) of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation. For statistically significant variables in univariate tests, a logistic regression test was used to identify independent risk factors for unsatisfactory screw position.
Results A total of 780 pedicle screws placed in 163 robot-assisted surgeries were analyzed. The rate of perfect screw positions was 93.08%, and the unsatisfactory rate was 6.92%. In patients with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR], 2.459; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.199–5.044; p=0.014), osteoporosis (T ≤ -2.5) (OR, 1.857; 95% CI, 1.046–3.295; p=0.034), and the segments 3 levels away from the tracker (OR, 2.216; 95% CI, 1.119–4.387; p=0.022), robot-assisted pedicle screw placement has a higher risk of screw malposition.
Conclusion During robot-assisted pedicle screw placement for patients with severe obesity, osteoporosis, and segments 3 levels away from the tracker, vigilance should be maintained during surgery to avoid postoperative complications due to unsatisfactory screw position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Fan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Da He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Robotic Orthopaedics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Wang PT, Zhang JN, Liu TJ, Yang JS, Hao DJ. Multivariate analysis of pedicle screw invasion of the proximal facet joint after lumbar surgery. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:39. [PMID: 34991578 PMCID: PMC8740339 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the risk factors for pedicle screw invasion of the proximal facet joint after lumbar surgery. METHODS From January 2019 to January 2021, 1794 patients with lumbar degenerative disease, such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar spondylolisthesis, were treated at our hospital. In all, 1221 cases were included. General data (sex, age, BMI), bone mineral density, proximal facet joint angle, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis and fixed segment in the two groups were recorded. After the operation, vertebral CT of the corresponding surgical segments was performed for three-dimensional reconstruction and evaluation of whether the vertebral arch root screw interfered with the proximal facet joint. The included cases were divided into an invasion group and a noninvasion group. Univariate analysis was used to screen the risk factors for pedicle screw invasion of the proximal facet joint after lumbar surgery, and the selected risk factors were included in the logistic model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS The single-factor analysis showed a significant difference in age, BMI, proximal facet joint angle, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, and fixed segment (P < 0.1). Multifactor analysis of the logistic model showed a significant difference for age ≥ 50 years (P < 0.001, OR = 2.291), BMI > 28 kg/m2 (P < 0.001, OR = 2.548), degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (P < 0.001, OR = 2.187), gorge cleft lumbar relaxation (P < 0.001, OR = 2.410), proximal facet joint angle (35 ~ 45°: P < 0.001, OR = 3.151; > 45°: P < 0.001, OR = 3.578), and fixed segment (lower lumbar spine: P < 0.001, OR = 2.912). CONCLUSION Age (≥ 50 years old), BMI (> 28 kg/m2), proximal facet joint angle (35 ~ 45°, > 45°), degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis and fixed segment (lower lumbar spine) are independent risk factors for pedicle screw invasion of the proximal facet joint after lumbar surgery. Compared with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, facet joint intrusion is more likely in isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tao Wang
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, 710054 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Jia Nan Zhang
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, 710054 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Tuan Jiang Liu
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, 710054 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Jun Song Yang
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, 710054 Shaanxi Province China
| | - Ding Jun Hao
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated with Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, 710054 Shaanxi Province China
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Pushpa BT, Rajasekaran S, Anand KSSV, Shetty AP, Kanna RM. Anatomical changes in vertebra in dystrophic scoliosis due to neurofibromatosis and its implications on surgical safety. Spine Deform 2022; 10:159-167. [PMID: 34309821 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Detailed radiological analysis by multimodality imaging. OBJECTIVE To document anatomical changes jeopardizing instrumentation safety in Neurofibromatosis deformity correction surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS The apical and 3 adjacent vertebral segments above and below amounting to 70 segments in 10 NF scoliosis were studied by radiographs, CT and MRI. The changes in lamina, pedicle and vertebral body that could jeopardize pedicle screw and sublaminar wire placement were documented and changes were appropriately classified. RESULTS Extensive anatomical changes were noted. These changes were more severe at the apex and independent of the curve severity. Both laminae were normal in only 36 (Type 1), rest had either gross asymmetry in length and shape (Type 2; 21) or also in sloping (Type 3; 13). Of the 140 pedicles, normal pedicles were found only in 48 (Type 1); while they were divergent (Type 2; 4) or abnormally elongated with only thinning (Type 3a; 26); or with sclerosis (3b; 34); or very curved and wavy (3c; 23) and even fractured or indistinct (Type 4; 5). It was notable that 92 of the 140 pedicles were unsuitable for pedicle screws. A unique phenomenon of body drift was identified in 29 segments which could jeopardize screw placement and rib dislocation into the canal was found in 18 segments. CONCLUSION Gross anatomical changes jeopardizing both sublaminar wire strength and trajectory of pedicle screws were common in NF and independent of curve severity. Therefore, detailed preoperative assessment and planning by a 3D CT are essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Pushpa
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - S Rajasekaran
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India.
| | - K S Sri Vijay Anand
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals Pvt Ltd, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Shao X, Huang Z, Yang J, Deng Y, Yang J, Sui W. Efficacy and safety for combination of t-EMG with O-arm assisted pedicle screw placement in neurofibromatosis type I scoliosis surgery. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:731. [PMID: 34930400 PMCID: PMC8686534 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the characteristics of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) scoliosis, the precise placement of pedicle screws still remains to be a challenge. Triggered screw electromyography (t-EMG) has been proved to exhibit high sensitivity to identify mal-positioned pedicle screws, but no previous study assessed the combination of t-EMG with O-arm-assisted pedicle screw placement in NF-1 scoliosis surgery. Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety for combination of t-EMG with O-arm-assisted pedicle screw placement in NF-1 scoliosis surgery. Materials and methods From March 2018 to April 2020, sixty-five NF-1 scoliosis patients underwent t-EMG and O-arm-assisted pedicle screw fixation were retrospectively reviewed. The channel classification system was applied to classify the pedicle morphology based on pedicle width measurement by preoperative computed tomography scans. The minimal t-EMG threshold for screw path inspection was used as 8 mA, and operative screw redirection was also recorded. All pedicle screws were verified using a second intraoperative O-arm scan. The correlation between demographic and clinical data with amplitude of t-EMG were also analyzed. Results A total of 652 pedicle screws (T10-S1) in 65 patients were analyzed. The incidence of an absent pedicle (channel classification type C or D morphology) was 150 (23%). Overall, abnormal t-EMG threshold was identified in 26 patients with 48 screws (7.4%), while 16 out of the 48 screws were classified as G0, 14 out of the 48 screws were classified as G1, and 18 out of the 48 screws were classified as G2. The screw redirection rate was 2.8% (18/652). It showed that t-EMG stimulation detected 3 unacceptable mal-positioned screws in 2 patients (G2) which were missed by O-arm scan. No screw-related neurological or vascular complications were observed. Conclusions Combination of t-EMG with O-arm-assisted pedicle screw placement was demonstrated to be a safe and effective method in NF-1 scoliosis surgery. The t-EMG could contribute to detecting the rupture of the medial wall which might be missed by O-arm scan. Combination of t-EMG with O-arm could be recommended for routine use of screw insertion in NF-1 scoliosis surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiexiang Shao
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifang Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University First Affiliated Hospital, No. 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfan Yang
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaolong Deng
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyuan Sui
- Spine Center, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Chevalier Y, Matsuura M, Krüger S, Traxler H, Fleege C, Rauschmann M, Schilling C. The effect of cement augmentation on pedicle screw fixation under various load cases : results from a combined experimental, micro-CT, and micro-finite element analysis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:797-806. [PMID: 34894754 PMCID: PMC8696523 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1012.bjr-2020-0533.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Anchorage of pedicle screw rod instrumentation in the elderly spine with poor bone quality remains challenging. Our study aims to evaluate how the screw bone anchorage is affected by screw design, bone quality, loading conditions, and cementing techniques. Methods Micro-finite element (µFE) models were created from micro-CT (μCT) scans of vertebrae implanted with two types of pedicle screws (L: Ennovate and R: S4). Simulations were conducted for a 10 mm radius region of interest (ROI) around each screw and for a full vertebra (FV) where different cementing scenarios were simulated around the screw tips. Stiffness was calculated in pull-out and anterior bending loads. Results Experimental pull-out strengths were excellently correlated to the µFE pull-out stiffness of the ROI (R2 > 0.87) and FV (R2 > 0.84) models. No significant difference due to screw design was observed. Cement augmentation increased pull-out stiffness by up to 94% and 48% for L and R screws, respectively, but only increased bending stiffness by up to 6.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Cementing involving only one screw tip resulted in lower stiffness increases in all tested screw designs and loading cases. The stiffening effect of cement augmentation on pull-out and bending stiffness was strongly and negatively correlated to local bone density around the screw (correlation coefficient (R) = -0.95). Conclusion This combined experimental, µCT and µFE study showed that regional analyses may be sufficient to predict fixation strength in pull-out and that full analyses could show that cement augmentation around pedicle screws increased fixation stiffness in both pull-out and bending, especially for low-density bone. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):797–806.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chevalier
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maiko Matsuura
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hannes Traxler
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Rauschmann
- Department of Spine and Reconstructive Surgery, Sana Klinik Offenbach, Academic University Hospital, Offenbach, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Wang TY, Park C, Dalton T, Rajkumar S, McCray E, Owolo E, Than KD, Abd-El-Barr MM. Robotic navigation in spine surgery: Where are we now and where are we going? J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:298-304. [PMID: 34863454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Robotic navigation is a new and rapidly emerging niche within minimally invasive spine surgery. The robotic arms-race began in 2004 and has resulted in no less than four major robotic surgical adjuncts. Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved applications of robotic navigation are limited to pedicle screw instrumentation, but new indications and experimental applications are rapidly emerging. As with any new technology, robotic navigation must be vetted for clinical efficacy, efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Given the rapid advancements made on a yearly basis, it is important to make frequent and objective assessments of the available technology. Thus, the authors seek to provide the most up-to-date review of the history, currently available technology, learning curve, novel applications, and cost effectiveness of today's available robotic systems as it relates to spine surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Y Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Tara Dalton
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Edwin McCray
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edwin Owolo
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Khoi D Than
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|