26
|
Quinlan CK, Goldstein AL, Stewart SH. An investigation of the link between gambling motives and social context of gambling in young adults. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2013.855252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
27
|
Goldstein AL, Wall AM, Wekerle C, Krank M. The Impact of Perceived Reinforcement From Alcohol and Involvement in Leisure Activities on Adolescent Alcohol Use. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.735190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
28
|
Goldstein AL, Henriksen CA, Davidov DM, Kimber M, Pitre NY, Afifi TO. Childhood maltreatment, alcohol use disorders, and treatment utilization in a national sample of emerging adults. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013; 74:185-94. [PMID: 23384366 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and alcohol use disorders (AUDs), treatment utilization, and barriers to treatment in a national sample of emerging adults. Multiple types of maltreatment were examined, including childhood emotional abuse and neglect. METHOD The analyses are based on data from 18- to 25-year-olds (N = 4,468) who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. RESULTS Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, we found that childhood maltreatment was associated with a greater likelihood of an AUD and a greater likelihood of accessing treatment, although these relationships were no longer significant once psychiatric comorbidities and other substance use disorders were included as control variables. We also found significant interaction effects for age; differences in the prevalence of AUDs among those who experienced physical abuse and multiple types of maltreatment were larger for the older age group. Finally, among those with AUDs, maltreatment was associated with specific perceived barriers to treatment. CONCLUSIONS The current findings highlight childhood maltreatment, including emotional abuse and neglect, as important correlates of AUDs among emerging adults but indicate that these relationships may be accounted for by other psychiatric comorbidities. Barriers to treatment among individuals with AUDs may reflect maltreatment experiences and should be addressed in both policy and practice.
Collapse
|
29
|
Goldstein AL. Experiencing maltreatment during childhood increases the likelihood of lifetime alcohol dependence. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2013; 16:101. [PMID: 23847005 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2013-101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
30
|
Goldstein AL, Stewart SH, Hoaken PNS, Flett GL. Mood, motives, and gambling in young adults: an examination of within- and between-person variations using experience sampling. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 28:217-28. [PMID: 23772764 DOI: 10.1037/a0033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that young adults are a population at risk for problem gambling and that young adults gamble for various reasons, including positive mood enhancement and negative mood reduction. Although these motives have been identified as important proximal predictors of gambling, the research to date has focused on between-subjects relationships. What is missing is a process-level understanding of the specific within-subjects relations between mood-regulation motives for gambling, mood states, and gambling behaviors. The current study used experience sampling to assess the specific link between gambling motives, mood states, and gambling behavior. Participants were 108 young adults (ages 19-24 years), who completed baseline measures of gambling motives and gambling problems and then reported on their mood states and gambling behavior three times a day for 30 days. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed a significant positive moderating effect for enhancement motives on the relationship between positive mood and amount of time spent gambling and number of drinks consumed while gambling. In addition, problem gambling status was associated with consuming fewer drinks while gambling at higher levels of positive mood, and spending more money than intended at higher levels of negative mood. Unexpectedly, there was only one moderating effect for coping motives on the mood-gambling relationship; low coping motivated gamblers consumed more alcohol while gambling at higher levels of positive mood, whereas high coping motivated gamblers did not change their drinking in response to positive mood. The current findings highlight enhancement motives as risky motives for young adult gambling, particularly in the context of positive mood, and suggest that gambling interventions should include strategies to address positive mood management.
Collapse
|
31
|
Goldstein AL, Faulkner B, Wekerle C. The relationship among internal resilience, smoking, alcohol use, and depression symptoms in emerging adults transitioning out of child welfare. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2013; 37:22-32. [PMID: 23260123 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is well established that child maltreatment reflects a context of risk for multiple negative outcomes. Identifying factors that protect against negative outcomes is important for the development of strengths-based approaches that emphasize resilience, particularly for youth transitioning out of the child welfare system. The current study examined the relationship between an internal resilience measure, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor & Davidson, 2003), and several external measures of resilience and behavioral outcomes (tobacco use and dependence, alcohol use and problems, and depression symptoms). In addition, two models of resilience were examined in the context of child maltreatment: a compensatory model and a risk-protection model. METHODS Ninety-three emerging adults (ages 18-25) who were making the transition out of child welfare completed self-report measures of child maltreatment, internal resilience (CD-RISC), external resilience (academic achievement, religious and community involvement, monitoring by caregivers, and presence of an adult mentor), alcohol and tobacco use, and depression symptoms. RESULTS Internal resilience was significantly associated with involvement in religion and community, and monitoring by caregivers. In addition, internal resilience was negatively associated with past year smoking and nicotine dependence, and with symptoms of depression. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the direct and interaction effects of resilience on depression symptoms in the context of child maltreatment. When internal resilience was added to the model, it made a significant contribution to depression scores over and above child maltreatment (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; emotional neglect). In addition, there was a significant Sexual Abuse×Resilience interaction, wherein high resilience was associated with a reduction in depression scores at higher levels of sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS These findings support internal resilience as both a compensatory and protective factor for depression symptoms in the context of sexual abuse among emerging adults transitioning out of child welfare. Prevention and early intervention within child welfare should include strengthening internal resilience, with continued monitoring of competencies through the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood.
Collapse
|
32
|
Goldstein AL, Faulkner B, Cunningham RM, Zimmerman MA, Chermack S, Walton MA. A Latent Class Analysis of Adolescent Gambling: Application of Resilience Theory. Int J Ment Health Addict 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-012-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
33
|
Flett GL, Goldstein AL, Hewitt PL, Wekerle C. Predictors of Deliberate Self-Harm Behavior Among Emerging Adolescents: An Initial Test of a Self-Punitiveness Model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-012-9130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
34
|
Goldstein AL, Wekerle C, Tonmyr L, Thornton T, Waechter R, Pereira J, Chung R. The Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Substance Use Among Adolescents Involved with Child Welfare: Implications for Emerging Adulthood. Int J Ment Health Addict 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-011-9331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
35
|
Goldstein AL, Banerjee S, White A. Preparation and properties of thymostatin, a new thymic inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 57:821-8. [PMID: 16591536 PMCID: PMC335581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.57.3.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
36
|
|
37
|
Garaci FG, Bazzocchi G, Velari L, Gaudiello F, Goldstein AL, Manenti G, Floris R, Simonetti G. Cryptogenic stroke in hanging. A case report. Neuroradiol J 2009; 22:386-90. [PMID: 24207142 DOI: 10.1177/197140090902200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the unique neuroimaging findings of a 37-year-old woman who attempted suicide by hanging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case describing neuroimaging findings of unilateral lesions instead of the well-documented bilateral lesions after a hanging event. Computed tomography demonstrated a low density area in the right thalamus and no hemorrhage. 3.0 T Magnetic resonance revealed a hyperintense area on both T2-weighted and FLAIR images on the right thalamus. Diffusion weighted images demonstrated no area of diffusivity restriction. Another smaller lesion with the same signal characteristics was found in the left cerebellum. A second relevant point of this report is the observation that the most probable cause of the documented unilateral lesions was an ischemic-arterial event.
Collapse
|
38
|
Walton MA, Cunningham RM, Goldstein AL, Chermack ST, Zimmerman M, Bingham CR, Shope JT, Stanley R, Blow FC. Rates and correlates of violent behaviors among adolescents treated in an urban emergency department. J Adolesc Health 2009; 45:77-83. [PMID: 19541253 PMCID: PMC3000121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Violence is a leading cause of death for adolescents in inner-city settings. This article describes violent behaviors in relation to other risk behaviors (e.g., substance use) among adolescents screened in an urban emergency department (ED). METHODS Patients aged 14-18 years were approached to self-administer a computerized survey assessing violent behaviors (i.e., physical aggression), substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana), and weapon carriage. RESULTS A total of 1128 adolescents (83.8% participation rate; 45.9% male; 58.0% African-American) were surveyed. In the past year, 75.3% of adolescents reported peer violence, 27.6% reported dating violence, and 23.5% reported carrying a weapon. In the past year, 28.0% drank alcohol, 14.4% binge drank, 5.7% reported alcohol-related fighting, and 36.9% smoked marijuana. Logistic regression analyses predicting violent behaviors were significant. Teens reporting peer violence were more likely to be younger, African-American, on public assistance, carry a weapon, binge drink, and smoke marijuana. Teens reporting dating violence were more likely to be female, African-American, carry a weapon, binge drink, screen positive for alcohol problems, and smoke marijuana. Teens reporting alcohol-related fighting were more likely to carry a weapon, binge drink, screen positive for alcohol problems, and smoke marijuana. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents presenting to an urban ED have elevated rates of violent behaviors. Substance use (i.e., binge drinking and smoking marijuana) is an important risk factor for violent behaviors among urban adolescents. Universal screening and intervention protocols to address multiple risk behaviors, including violent behaviors and substance use, may be useful to prevent injury among adolescents presenting to the urban ED.
Collapse
|
39
|
Goldstein AL, Walton MA, Cunningham RM, Resko SM, Duan L. Correlates of gambling among youth in an inner-city emergency department. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2009; 23:113-21. [PMID: 19290695 PMCID: PMC2662748 DOI: 10.1037/a0013912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Correlates of past year gambling were examined in a diverse sample of 1128 youth ages 14 to 18 (54.1% female, 58.0% African American) presenting to an inner-city emergency department (ED). Overall, 22.5% of the sample reported past-year gambling. Male youth were more likely to gamble than female youth, and African American youth reported higher rates of past-year gambling than non-African American youth. Significant bivariate correlates of gambling included lower academic achievement, being out of school, working more than 20 hours per week, alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, alcohol problems, severe dating violence, moderate and severe general violence, and carrying a weapon. When examined simultaneously, being male, African American, out of school, working for pay, alcohol and marijuana use, severe general violence, and carrying a weapon all emerged as significant correlates of past-year gambling, largest amount of money gambled, and gambling frequency. In addition, involvement in severe dating violence was associated with frequency and largest amount gambled. The results suggest that gambling is common among youth in the inner city and is associated with several risk behaviors. The inner-city ED may provide a context for screening and intervention to address multiple risk behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
40
|
Goldstein AL, Flett GL, Wekerle C, Wall AM. Personality, child maltreatment, and substance use: Examining correlates of deliberate self-harm among university students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1037/a0014847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
Goldstein AL, Flett GL. Personality, alcohol use, and drinking motives: a comparison of independent and combined internal drinking motives groups. Behav Modif 2008; 33:182-98. [PMID: 18836143 DOI: 10.1177/0145445508322920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that coping and enhancement drinking motives predict college student drinking and that personality traits predict drinking motives. Little is known, however, about personality and drinking patterns among individuals who drink for both enhancement and coping reasons. University students in the current study completed questionnaires assessing personality, alcohol use, and drinking motives. Past year drinkers (N=138) were categorized into one of four groups: coping, enhancement, coping + enhancement, and noninternally motivated drinkers. Drinking was lower among noninternally motivated drinkers and higher among coping motivated drinkers; coping + enhancement motivated drinkers reported drinking at levels most consistent with the coping group. Coping motivated drinkers reported higher levels of neuroticism, negative affect, and anxiety sensitivity, and lower levels of positive affect; coping + enhancement motivated drinkers were not significantly different from the other groups on personality traits. Although coping + enhancement motivated drinkers may be at risk for problem drinking, they may be difficult to identify via personality measures.
Collapse
|
42
|
Walton MA, Goldstein AL, Chermack ST, McCammon RJ, Cunningham RM, Barry KL, Blow FC. Brief alcohol intervention in the emergency department: moderators of effectiveness. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2008; 69:550-60. [PMID: 18612571 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research supports the effectiveness of brief interventions for reducing alcohol misuse among patients in the emergency department (ED). However, limited information is available regarding the mechanisms of change, which could assist clinicians in streamlining or amplifying these interventions. This article examines moderators of outcomes among ED patients, ages 19 and older, who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for alcohol misuse. METHOD Injured patients (N= 4,476) completed a computerized survey; 575 at-risk drinkers were randomly assigned to one of four brief intervention conditions, and 85% were interviewed again at 3-month and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS Regression models using the generalized estimating equations approach examined interaction effects between intervention condition (advice/no advice) and hypothesized moderator variables (stage of change, self-efficacy, acute alcohol use, attribution of injury to alcohol) on alcohol outcomes over time. Overall, participants who reported higher levels of self-efficacy had lower weekly consumption and consequences, whereas those with higher readiness to change had greater weekly consumption and consequences. Furthermore, individuals who attributed their injury to alcohol and received advice had significantly lower levels of average weekly alcohol consumption and less frequent heavy drinking from baseline to 12-month follow-up compared with those who attributed their injury to alcohol but did not receive advice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel data regarding attribution for alcohol-related injury as an important moderator of change and suggests that highlighting the alcohol/injury connection in brief, ED-based alcohol interventions can augment their effectiveness.
Collapse
|
43
|
Goldstein AL, Barnett NP, Pedlow CT, Murphy JG. Drinking in conjunction with sexual experiences among at-risk college student drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2007; 68:697-705. [PMID: 17690803 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2007.68.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this article was to examine event-level associations between alcohol use and sexual risk taking across first and repeat oral and vaginal sex encounters among at-risk college student drinkers. METHOD Participants (n = 221; 51.1% women) provided information on alcohol consumption, sexual activity, and event-level data on their most recent (repeat and first) experiences with oral and vaginal sex. RESULTS Of the total sample, 80.5% reported ever engaging in oral or vaginal sex. Alcohol use was more likely in new, compared with, repeat sexual partnerships. In addition, for recent vaginal sex experiences with a repeat partner, alcohol use was more likely among those who were less committed to the relationship. For new sexual partnerships, regardless of the type of sex experience, knowing the partner for less time was associated with an increased likelihood of drinking. Alcohol use was also associated with fewer discussions of topics pertinent to safe sexual practices. Finally, there was a tendency for drinking in conjunction with a new vaginal sex experience to be associated with a lower likelihood of contraceptive use. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need for integrated interventions targeting alcohol use and risky sexual practices among high-risk college students, with a particular focus on alcohol use during new sexual partnerships and the often-overlooked connection between drinking and oral sex experiences.
Collapse
|
44
|
Murphy JG, Barnett NP, Goldstein AL, Colby SM. Gender moderates the relationship between substance-free activity enjoyment and alcohol use. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2007; 21:261-265. [PMID: 17563149 DOI: 10.1037/0893-164x.21.2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory research suggests that there is an inverse relationship between substance use and substance-free reinforcement, but the relevance of this relationship to the prevention of human substance abuse remains somewhat unclear. The present study evaluated the relationship between alcohol use and enjoyment from substance-free activities in a sample of college students who had previously completed an alcohol intervention (N = 107; 55% women; 45% men). The authors used a modified 30-day timeline follow-back interview to collect data on enjoyment from specific substance-free activities that occurred in the evening. Regression analyses revealed that there was a negative association between alcohol consumption and substance-free activity enjoyment for women but not for men. Women who reported greater enjoyment on abstinent evenings reported lower past-month alcohol consumption. Greater average enjoyment from substance-free activities was associated with greater motivation to change drinking among men and women. Although further research is required to determine procedures for increasing participation in substance-free activities and to explicate possible gender differences, these results suggest that increasing enjoyable substance-free activities may be an important prevention component.
Collapse
|
45
|
Goldstein AL, Walton MA, Cunningham RM, Trowbridge MJ, Maio RF. Violence and substance use as risk factors for depressive symptoms among adolescents in an urban emergency department. J Adolesc Health 2007; 40:276-9. [PMID: 17321431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 09/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Violence and substance use were examined as multiple risk factors for depressive symptoms among 115 adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department. Using a hierarchical multivariate model, significant risk factors for increasing depression symptoms included female gender, increased involvement in substance use and greater exposure to community violence.
Collapse
|
46
|
Barnett NP, Goldstein AL, Murphy JG, Colby SM, Monti PM. "I'll never drink like that again": characteristics of alcohol-related incidents and predictors of motivation to change in college students. JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL 2006; 67:754-63. [PMID: 16847545 PMCID: PMC3139334 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.2006.67.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use and its associated behaviors are among the most common reasons for medical treatment and disciplinary infractions among college students. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of students who had recent serious alcohol-related incidents and to identify predictors of motivation to change alcohol use and heavy drinking in particular, with specific attention to gender. METHOD Students (N = 227; 52% female) who had been mandated to attend a session of alcohol education following alcohol-related medical treatment and/or a disciplinary infraction were assessed on their alcohol use, alcohol problems, characteristics of their alcohol-related incident, reactions to the incident, attributions about the incident, and motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Path and regression analyses were used to identify the individual and incident-related characteristics that were related to motivation to change. RESULTS Perceived aversiveness of the incident was directly and positively related to motivation to change drinking and heavy drinking. Alcohol consumption in the month before the incident and past-year alcohol problems were negatively related to motivation to change heavy drinking, and women were more motivated to change heavy drinking than men. The more students consumed in the incident, the more likely they were to feel responsible for it, and the more responsible they felt about the incident, the greater its aversiveness. CONCLUSIONS Individual and incident-related characteristics are both directly and indirectly associated with motivation to change following an alcohol-related incident, and therefore have implications for interventions with college drinkers who have experienced an alcohol-related incident.
Collapse
|
47
|
Philp D, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development. Mech Ageing Dev 2004; 125:113-5. [PMID: 15037013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2003.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New blood vessel formation is important in many physiological process, including development, wound repair, and tumor growth. In aged animals, angiogenesis is reduced resulting in poor wound healing. We have identified a novel small molecule, thymosin beta(4), that promotes angiogenesis and wound repair in both normal and aged rodents. It also promotes hair growth in normal and aged rodents. It acts by increasing angiogenesis and cell migration and is currently in clinical trials for wound repair.
Collapse
|
48
|
Goldstein AL, Wall AM, McKee SA, Hinson RE. Accessibility of alcohol expectancies from memory: impact of mood and motives in college student drinkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 65:95-104. [PMID: 15000508 DOI: 10.15288/jsa.2004.65.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been hypothesized that alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs) exist within an associative memory network and that their accessibility is facilitated in the presence of alcohol-related cues. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the accessibility of specific AOEs varies as a function of mood state and gender and to determine whether this relationship is moderated by affect-related drinking motives. METHOD Undergraduate students (N = 302) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (i.e., positive, negative and neutral mood). Mood states were achieved using musical mood-induction procedures. Postmood-induction AOEs, obtained using self-generation, were classified into five expectancy categories: social/ situational enhancement (SSE), positive emotional functioning (PEF), relaxation/tension reduction (RTR), physical/pharmacological effects (PPE) and miscellaneous (MISC). RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that SSE and RTR expectancies were differentially accessible across mood conditions. SSE expectancies were most highly accessible to participants in a positive mood, and RTR expectancies were most highly accessible to participants in a relatively neutral mood. Although drinking motives did not moderate the AOE-mood relationship, they emerged as significant predictors of SSE and RTR expectancies. The accessibility of specific AOEs differed among men and women. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that mood serves as an implicit prime for the accessibility of specific AOEs. The implications of these findings for research concerning memory-based, cognitive-affective expectancy networks are discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Cruz MC, Goldstein AL, Blankenship J, Del Poeta M, Perfect JR, McCusker JH, Bennani YL, Cardenas ME, Heitman J. Rapamycin and less immunosuppressive analogs are toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of TOR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:3162-70. [PMID: 11600372 PMCID: PMC90798 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.11.3162-3170.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans cause both superficial and disseminated infections in humans. Current antifungal therapies for deep-seated infections are limited to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and azoles. A limitation is that commonly used azoles are fungistatic in vitro and in vivo. Our studies address the mechanisms of antifungal activity of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin (sirolimus) and its analogs with decreased immunosuppressive activity. C. albicans rbp1/rbp1 mutant strains lacking a homolog of the FK506-rapamycin target protein FKBP12 were found to be viable and resistant to rapamycin and its analogs. Rapamycin and analogs promoted FKBP12 binding to the wild-type Tor1 kinase but not to a rapamycin-resistant Tor1 mutant kinase (S1972R). FKBP12 and TOR mutations conferred resistance to rapamycin and its analogs in C. albicans, C. neoformans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our findings demonstrate the antifungal activity of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and Tor kinase homologs in divergent yeasts. Taken together with our observations that rapamycin and its analogs are fungicidal and that spontaneous drug resistance occurs at a low rate, these mechanistic findings support continued investigation of rapamycin analogs as novel antifungal agents.
Collapse
|
50
|
Goldstein AL, McCusker JH. Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model pathogen. A system for the genetic identification of gene products required for survival in the mammalian host environment. Genetics 2001; 159:499-513. [PMID: 11606528 PMCID: PMC1461844 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/159.2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a close relative of the pathogenic Candida species, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen. An isogenic series of S. cerevisiae strains, derived from a human clinical isolate, were used to examine the role of evolutionarily conserved pathways in fungal survival in a mouse host. As is the case for the corresponding Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans mutants, S. cerevisiae purine and pyrimidine auxotrophs were severely deficient in survival, consistent with there being evolutionary conservation of survival traits. Resistance to the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine was not deleterious and appeared to be slightly advantageous in vivo. Of mutants in three amino acid biosynthetic pathways, only leu2 mutants were severely deficient in vivo. Unlike the glyoxylate cycle, respiration was very important for survival; however, the mitochondrial genome made a respiration-independent contribution to survival. Mutants deficient in pseudohyphal formation were tested in vivo; flo11Delta mutants were phenotypically neutral while flo8Delta, tec1Delta, and flo8Delta tec1Delta mutants were slightly deficient. Because of its ease of genetic manipulation and the immense S. cerevisiae database, which includes the best annotated eukaryotic genome sequence, S. cerevisiae is a superb model system for the identification of gene products important for fungal survival in the mammalian host environment.
Collapse
|