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de Moura NF, Strapazzon JO, Loro F, Morel AF, Flach A. Composition of the Leaf Oils of Rutaceae:Zanthoxylum hyemaleA. St. Hill,Z. rhoifoliumLam. andZ. rugosumA. St. Hill et. Tul. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2006.9699185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Flach A, Marsaioli AJ, Singer RB, Amaral MDCE, Menezes C, Kerr WE, Batista-Pereira LG, Corrêa AG. Pollination by Sexual Mimicry in Mormolyca ringens: A Floral Chemistry that Remarkably Matches the Pheromones of Virgin Queens of Scaptotrigona sp. J Chem Ecol 2006; 32:59-70. [PMID: 16525870 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition of some volatile (2-heptanol) and nonvolatile constituents (a homologous 9-alkene/alkane series) of Mormolyca ringens flowers and Scaptotrigona sp. queen waxes (homologous 9-alkene/alkane series) and cephalic extracts (homologous series of 2-alkanols, including 2-heptanol) involved with the pseudocopulation or sexual mimicry in Orchidaceae pollination is compared. The similarity in chemical composition of flowers and insects is assigned to the chemically induced copulatory activity in Scaptotrigona males.
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Magalhães AF, Ruiz ALT, Flach A, Faria AD, Magalhães EG, Amaral MDCE. Floral scent of Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. (Cyperaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Singer RB, Flach A, Koehler S, Marsaioli AJ, Amaral MDCE. Sexual mimicry in Mormolyca ringens (Lindl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2004; 93:755-62. [PMID: 15051623 PMCID: PMC4242296 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pollination through sexual mimicry, also known as pseudocopulation, has been suggested to occur in some genera of the Neotropical orchid subtribe Maxillariinae. However, it has been demonstrated so far only for Trigonidium obtusum. This study reports and illustrates pollination through sexual mimicry in Mormolyca ringens. METHODS A total of 70 h were dedicated to the observation of flowers and pollinator behaviour, which was photographically recorded. Flower features involved in pollinator attraction were studied using a stereomicroscope and by SEM analyses. Preliminary observations on the plant breeding system were made by manually self-pollinating flowers. The chemical composition of the fragrance volatiles was determined by GC/MS analysis. KEY RESULTS The flower features of M. ringens parallel those of other pseudocopulatory flowers. The labellum shape and indument are reminiscent of an insect. Sexually excited drones of Nannotrigona testaceicornis and Scaptotrigona sp. (both in the Apidae: Meliponini) attempt copulation with the labellum and pollinate the flower in the process. In both bee species, the pollinarium is attached to the scutellum. Pollinator behaviour may promote some degree of self-pollination, but preliminary observations indicate that M. ringens flowers are self-incompatible. Flowers are produced all the year round, which ties in with the production of bee males several times a year. The phylogenetic relationships of M. ringens are discussed and a number of morphological and phenological features supporting them are reported. CONCLUSIONS It is expected that further research could bring to light whether other Maxillariinae species are also pollinated through sexual mimicry. When a definitive and robust phylogeny of this subtribe is available, it should be possible to determine how many times pseudocopulation evolved and its possible evolutionary history.
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Flach A, Dondon RC, Singer RB, Koehler S, Amaral MDCE, Marsaioli AJ. The Chemistry of Pollination in Selected Brazilian Maxillariinae Orchids: Floral Rewards and Fragrance. J Chem Ecol 2004; 30:1045-56. [PMID: 15274447 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000028466.50392.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the chemical composition of the floral rewards and the fragrance of 10 Maxillariinae (Orchidaceae) species. The species that offer rewards (labellar secretions) are usually scentless, the rewards being collected by bees. Chemical analyses revealed that the major chemical class of compounds present in the labellar secretions are triterpenoids. The rewardless Maxillariinae flowers were usually scented, and chemical analyses of their volatiles revealed that they were composed of mono and sesquiterpenoids.
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Flach A, Gregel B, Simionatto E, da Silva UF, Zanatta N, Morel AF, Linares CE, Alves SH. Chemical analysis and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Calea clematidea. PLANTA MEDICA 2002; 68:836-838. [PMID: 12357399 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oils of Calea clematidea Baker obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and flowers was analysed by GC and GC/MS and the oils were assayed for their antifungal activities. The essential oil of the leaves showed a high content of a new natural epoxy terpenoid, named clemateol (ca. 70 %), with minor amounts of o-vanillin (6.5 %), spathulenol (4.2 %), alpha-terpinene (4.0 %), germacrene B (2.9 %), yomogi alcohol (1.8 %), ( E)-caryophylene (1.7 %), m-cymenene (1.6 %), and alpha-gurjunene (1.5 %), while the essential oil of the flowers was characterized by a higher content of thymol methyl ether (ca. 80 %), with minor amounts of clemateol (4.8 %) and o-cymene (4.7 %). The antimicrobial activity of the oils was also evaluated against dermatophytes for their possible use in pharmaceutical preparations for topical applications. The oil of the leaves (MIC > 3.57 mg/ml), clemateol (MIC > 1.52 mg/ml), and the alcohol 2 (MIC > 2.82 mg/ml) showed a moderate antifungal activity against Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton menthagrophytes var. i nterdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis and Microsporum nanum.
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Flach A. Additional factors linking corneal melting to topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 2001; 119:1085. [PMID: 11448339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Flach A. Topically applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corneal problems: an interim review and comment. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:1224-6. [PMID: 10889089 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Morel AF, Flach A, Zanatta N, Ethur EM, Mostardeiro MA, Gehrke IT. A new cyclopeptide alkaloid from the bark of waltheria douradinha. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Teufel M, Kleeberg J, Flach A, Reifferscheid P, Niessen KH. [Late results following partial and total colectomy in infancy]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 1988; 200:30-5. [PMID: 3285087 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1033681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
26 children were investigated on an average 11.5 years after partial (n = 13) and total (n = 13) colonic resection. Total colectomy was followed by an increased frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms such as recurrent abdominal pain, flatulence, attacks of diarrhoea, frequent and pasty or liquid stools with strange smell. An increased salt or fluid intake was observed in one half of these patients. Their height and bone age was slightly but significantly reduced. Laboratory investigations revealed no significant deficiencies of electrolyts, vitamins or trace elements. However Renin (mean and 2s-range = 5.2; 2.7-6.8 ng/ml.h, normal values (NV) 1.3; 0.5-4.0 ng/ml.h, p less than 0.02), aldosterone (242.1; 168.4-357.8 pg/ml, NV 78.9; 39.4-168.4 pg/ml, *p less than 0.02), conjugated bile acids (11.3; 5.2-20.0 mumol/1, NV 4.2; 1.5-7.0 mumol/1, p less than 0.01) and serum urea concentration (32.5; 20.8-48.7 mg/dl, NV 14.6; 6.0-22.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.01) were significantly elevated. Three postprandial plasma levels of gastrin, VIP and neurotensin were within normal limits. In patients with partial large bowel resection all signs were less pronounced. According to our results a special diet in children years after colectomy seems not to be required.
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Abstract
The authors compared 105 patients who met DSM-III criteria for bulimia with 86 control subjects on measures of family environment and presence of eating disorders. Bulimic patients' perceptions of their families included low cohesiveness, a lack of emphasis on independent and assertive behavior, and a high level of conflict coupled with a low emphasis on open expression of feelings. Families of bulimic subjects had achievement expectations comparable to those of control families, but the former placed less emphasis on intellectual and recreational activities. The high disorganization of the families of bulimic subjects was associated with severity of symptoms.
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Reifferscheid P, Feller AM, Flach A. [Results of ureter translocation in infancy]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1984; 132:420-4. [PMID: 6472291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Schieferstein G, Adam W, Sönnichsen K, Haberlandt W, Flach A. [Malformations of the male genitalia. 1. Asymmetric mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,X/46,XY-mosaic)]. DIE MEDIZINISCHE WELT 1983; 34:1217-1220. [PMID: 6645911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Feller AM, Thielemann F, Flach A. [Long-term results of the treatment of juvenile bone cysts]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE : ORGAN DER DEUTSCHEN, DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN UND DER OSTERREICHISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE = SURGERY IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD 1982; 36:138-42. [PMID: 6753411 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1059882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
38 children between 5 and 14 years of age with juvenile bone cysts were followed up to a maximum of 20 years. In two-thirds of the cases the diagnosis was made on the occasion of a fracture in the cyst region. One child received conservative treatment, 37 children were operated on. The roentgenological diagnosis of all children operated on was confirmed histologically. The operative procedure consisted in milling out the cysts and filling the cavities with autogenous, allogenous or xenogenous spongiosa. Because of the high recurrence rate (10-40% in the literature and 19% from our own experience) we suggest a modified surgical procedure assuring complete recovery. Subtotal diaphysectomy with interposition of a corticospongious splinter and allogenous spongiosa using a stable osteosynthesis in the case of large primary cysts in metadiaphyseal position is discussed.
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Feller AM, Reifferscheid P, Flach A. [Complete avulsion of the ureter- a rare injury due to blunt abdominal trauma in children (author's transl)]. AKTUELLE TRAUMATOLOGIE 1982; 12:117-21. [PMID: 6126080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Reifferscheid P, Feller AM, Flach A. Intrarenal reflux--clinical and preliminary experimental findings. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 1982; 194:154-7. [PMID: 7132221 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1033798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Feller AM, Thielemann F, Flach A. [Juvenile bone cysts - pathogenesis and therapy]. Chirurg 1982; 53:165-7. [PMID: 7039987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Neugebauer W, Küper K, Flach A, Schippert W. [Value of scintigraphic examination methods with 99mTechnetium in injuries of the epiphyseal cartilage (author's transl)]. AKTUELLE TRAUMATOLOGIE 1981; 11:217-24. [PMID: 6119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The value of scintigraphic examinations of injuries involving the epiphyseal plate is to be seen to ensure the correct diagnosis of the lesions type I and type V according to Salter and Harris. Further on the results of these scintigraphic examinations allow a better planning of the therapeutic procedure. Experimental findings in rabbits succeeded to predict the seriousness and an early prognosis. The disturbances of the epiphyseal blood flow can be diagnosed by 99m Tc-O4 labeled erythrocytes and 99m Tc-O4 labeled albumin microspheres. 99m Tc-MDP skeletal scintigraphy gives the information at which time the repair is done and full weight bearing is possible.
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Reifferscheid P, Scheitzer P, M�ller G, Flach A. 90. Klinik und Differentialdiagnose der juvenilen Fibromatose. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01286918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schweizer P, Flach A. [Complete correction in cases of malrotation (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE : ORGAN DER DEUTSCHEN, DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN UND DER OSTERREICHISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE = SURGERY IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD 1981; 33:253-9. [PMID: 7282095 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1063127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The features of malrotation of the intestine, include the incomplete fixation of the mesentery which may lead to torsion in association with abnormal positioning of the cranial mesenteric vessels. There are also abnormal strangulated peritoneal bands extending from the large bowel across the duodenum. These anomalies can either lead to duodenal obstruction or to volvulus. The operative procedure described by Ladd has the advantage that it is brief but requires relatively frequent repeat laparotomies. Complete correction with the attempted construction of normal anatomy has the disadvantage that it is a difficult and time-consuming procedure, but the incidence of repeat laparotomy is significantly lower. It is therefore suggested that "at risk" children may be preferably treated by the Ladd procedure and this should always be used if there are anaesthetic problems.
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Feller AM, Reifferscheid P, Flach A. [Solitary nonparasitic cysts of the liver in childhood (author's transl)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE : ORGAN DER DEUTSCHEN, DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN UND DER OSTERREICHISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR KINDERCHIRURGIE = SURGERY IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD 1981; 32:321-8. [PMID: 7282069 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
3 patients with solitary, non-parasitic cysts of the liver are reported. 2 of these were seen in infants and one in a 7 year old child. The clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Complete excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice and the various operative procedures described in the literature are discussed. The macroscopic and microscopic findings of these cysts are described.
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Abstract
A 35-year-old man demonstrated sulfisoxazole diolamine-induced photosensitivity during treatment for staphylococcal blepharitis. This reaction was easily avoided by applying the ointment at bedtime and covering the eyelids during sun-bathing while in therapy. A drug-induced photosensitivity reaction should be considered in cases of staphylococcal blepharitis resistant to or aggravated by eyelid-margin therapy with sulfonamides.
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Flach A. Propranolol withdrawal and myocardial infarction. JAMA 1981; 245:342. [PMID: 7192753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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