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Agarwal J, Hasan A, Mehrotra M. Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Hepatogastric fistula. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017. [PMID: 28639267 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Papiol S, Popovic D, Keeser D, Hasan A, Schneider-Axmann T, Degenhardt F, Rossner MJ, Bickeböller H, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Malchow B. Polygenic risk has an impact on the structural plasticity of hippocampal subfields during aerobic exercise combined with cognitive remediation in multi-episode schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1159. [PMID: 28654095 PMCID: PMC5537649 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preliminary studies suggest that, besides improving cognition, aerobic exercise might increase hippocampal volume in schizophrenia patients; however, results are not consistent. Individual mechanisms of volume changes are unknown but might be connected to the load of risk genes. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered the polygenic architecture of schizophrenia. The secondary analysis presented here aimed to determine the modulatory role of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on volume changes in the total hippocampus and cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2/3, CA4/dentate gyrus (DG) and subiculum over time. We studied 20 multi-episode schizophrenia patients and 23 healthy controls who performed aerobic exercise (endurance training) combined with cognitive remediation for 3 months and 21 multi-episode schizophrenia patients allocated to a control intervention (table soccer) combined with cognitive remediation. Magnetic resonance imaging-based assessments were performed at baseline and after 3 months with FreeSurfer. No effects of PRSs were found on total hippocampal volume change. Subfield analyses showed that the volume changes between baseline and 3 months in the left CA4/DG were significantly influenced by PRSs in schizophrenia patients performing aerobic exercise. A larger genetic risk burden was associated with a less pronounced volume increase or a decrease in volume over the course of the exercise intervention. Results of exploratory enrichment analyses reinforced the notion of genetic risk factors modulating biological processes tightly related to synaptic ion channel activity, calcium signaling, glutamate signaling and regulation of cell morphogenesis. We hypothesize that a high polygenic risk may negatively influence neuroplasticity in CA4/DG during aerobic exercise in schizophrenia.
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Adorjan K, Kluge U, Heinz A, Stamm T, Odenwald M, Dohrmann K, Mokhtari-Nejad R, Hasan A, Schulze TG, Falkai P, Pogarell O. [Healthcare models for traumatized refugees in Germany]. DER NERVENARZT 2017. [PMID: 28642982 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
People with a migration background are a risk group for psychiatric disorders. Innovative, transnational and sustainable projects are necessary to ensure adequate care for refugees and asylum seekers. Selected projects of the University of Munich, the Charité Berlin and the University of Konstanz show promising approaches in addition to other initiatives.
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Hasan A, Wobrock T, Guse B, Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Eichhammer P, Frank E, Cordes J, Wölwer W, Musso F, Winterer G, Gaebel W, Hajak G, Ohmann C, Verde PE, Rietschel M, Ahmed R, Honer WG, Dechent P, Malchow B, Castro MFU, Dwyer D, Cabral C, Kreuzer PM, Poeppl TB, Schneider-Axmann T, Falkai P, Koutsouleris N. Structural brain changes are associated with response of negative symptoms to prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:857-864. [PMID: 27725655 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neural plasticity may be a core pathophysiological process underlying the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Plasticity-enhancing interventions, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), may improve difficult-to-treat symptoms; however, efficacy in large clinical trials appears limited. The high variability of rTMS-related treatment response may be related to a comparably large variation in the ability to generate plastic neural changes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether negative symptom improvement in schizophrenia patients receiving rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was related to rTMS-related brain volume changes. A total of 73 schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms were randomized to an active (n=34) or sham (n=39) 10-Hz rTMS intervention applied 5 days per week for 3 weeks to the left DLPFC. Local brain volume changes measured by deformation-based morphometry were correlated with changes in negative symptom severity using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance design. Volume gains in the left hippocampal, parahippocampal and precuneal cortices predicted negative symptom improvement in the active rTMS group (all r⩽-0.441, all P⩽0.009), but not the sham rTMS group (all r⩽0.211, all P⩾0.198). Further analyses comparing negative symptom responders (⩾20% improvement) and non-responders supported the primary analysis, again only in the active rTMS group (F(9, 207)=2.72, P=0.005, partial η 2=0.106). Heterogeneity in clinical response of negative symptoms in schizophrenia to prefrontal high-frequency rTMS may be related to variability in capacity for structural plasticity, particularly in the left hippocampal region and the precuneus.
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McDavid A, Kilic A, Gustafson J, Smith S, Lampert B, Whitson B, Hasan A, Kilic A. Extremes of Body Mass Index Should Not Preclude Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in the Current Era. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Smith S, Lampert B, Emani R, Hasson R, Whitson B, Hasan A, Kilic A. Moderate Baseline Pulmonary Hypertension with a Robust Reduction in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressures Post-LVAD Is Associated with Improved 1-Year Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Keeser D, Weidinger E, Linhardt A, Palm U, Hasan A, Kirsch B, Pogarell O, Karali T, Paolini M, Ertl-Wagner B, Müller N, Falkai P, Padberg F. P276 Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) replaces Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) in a patient with corpus callosum agenesis and catatonic schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kumpf U, Palm U, Nolden J, Pfeiffer A, Egert S, Görlitz T, Bajbouj M, Plewnia C, Langguth B, Zwanzger P, Kirsch B, Worsching J, Mansmann U, Falkai P, Keeser D, Hasan A, Padberg F. P278 Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as treatment for major depression (DepressionDC) – Objectives and design of a prospective multicenter double blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hasan A. Evaluation of Combination Chemotherapy Effect of Platinum, Vincristin, Bleomycin, and Mitomycin C on Cervical Cancer Based upon Apoptosis Description. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.32771/inajog.v36i4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To observe the success of platinum, vincristin, bleomycin and mitomycin C (PVB-MMc) combination chemotherapy on cervical carcinoma by evaluating apoptosis feature.
Methods: This study was performed at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and several other hospitals. The method of this study was prospective longitudinal. Cervical biopsy was performed on 15 cervical
carcinoma patients before and after PVB-MMc chemotherapy. Six patients were at early stage and 9 patients were at advanced stage. Biopsy result were sent to pathologic anatomic laboratory to be made into paraffin block and further examined for apoptosis with Tunel method. Data were analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.
Results: Study results indicating no significant difference for apoptosis index before and after PVB-MMc chemotherapy for early stage (p=0.463), advance stage (p=0.594), but quantitatively there were increasing apoptosis index before and after chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Chemotherapy combination PVB-MMc for cervix carcinoma can increase apoptosis index and give a good response in term of reducing the tumor size although statistically not significant.
[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 36-4: 200-5]
Keywords: apoptosis, cervical carcinoma, PVB-MMc combination chemotherapy.
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Schreiter S, Hasan A, Majic T, Wullschleger A, Schouler-Ocak M, Bermpohl F, Gutwinski S. [Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Sample of Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia Under Clozapine Treatment]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 84:675-681. [PMID: 27846652 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is a high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in patients with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic treatment, especially duration and type of substance, is suspected to increase or even cause OCS. Methods: We examined in a naturalistic cross-sectional study the severity of OCS (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised) and the incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) according to ICD-10 criteria in 70 patients with schizophrenia. 26 patients were treated with clozapine and 44 patients were treated with another second-generation antipsychotic (SGA). After group matching, the two groups did not differ significantly in age, gender, duration of illness, treatment duration with the current antipsychotic substance and chlorpromazine-equivalent dosage. Results: Patients treated with Clozapine showed a significantly higher rate of OCD (χ2 = 7.304, p = 0.007) and a significantly higher severity of OCS (t = 2.216, p = 0.037) compared to patients treated with another SGA. For the whole sample, duration of treatment with the current antipsychotic medication correlated significantly (p = 0.033, r = 0.323) with the severity of OCS, controlled for duration of illness. However, there was no significant correlation between severity of OCS and duration of illness, controlled for duration of treatment with the current antipsychotic substance. Discussion: Our data suggest an interrelation between the development of OCS or OCD and antipsychotic treatment, especially clozapine. Thereby, duration of treatment is correlated with the severity of OCS, irrespective of the duration of illness.
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Hasan A, Wobrock T, Palm U, Strube W, Padberg F, Falkai P, Fallgatter A, Plewnia C. [Non-invasive brain stimulation for treatment of schizophrenic psychoses]. DER NERVENARZT 2016; 86:1481-91. [PMID: 26341690 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-015-4323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite many different available pharmacological and psychosocial treatment options, an optimal control of symptoms is only partly possible for most schizophrenia patients. Especially, persistent auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are difficult to treat symptoms. Several non-invasive brain stimulation techniques are increasingly being considered as new therapeutic add on options for the management of schizophrenia, targeting these symptom domains. The technique which has been available for the longest time and that is best established in clinical care is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). New stimulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allow a more pathophysiological-based approach. This review article introduces various non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and discusses recent treatment studies on schizophrenia. In total, the novel brain stimulation techniques discussed here can be considered relevant add on therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia. In this context, the best evidence is available for the application of rTMS for the treatment of negative symptoms and persistent auditory hallucinations; however, negative studies have also been published for both indications. Studies using other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques showed promising results but further research is needed to establish the clinical efficacy. Based on a growing pathophysiological knowledge, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques provide new treatment perspectives for patients with schizophrenia.
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Röh A, Falkai P, Hasan A. [Psychosis - clinical differential diagnosis]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 84:499-510. [PMID: 27570908 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with psychiatric and organic disorders may present primary or secondary psychotic symptoms. Based on the ICD 10 classification, this article describes the possible underlying diseases and their subdivision. The main focus will be differential-diagnostic evaluations of psychotic syndromes. RESULTS In the clinical setting, the differential diagnosis of the paranoid schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders into three main disease groups is important: 1. other psychiatric diseases, 2. primary and secondary organic diseases and 3. autoimmune diseases. The first group contains, for example, drug-induced psychoses, affective disorders, personality disorders. The second group includes forms of dementia, forms of deliria or metabolic diseases. Recently, another focus is set on autoimmune diseases, especially encephalitides. SUMMARY A detailed medical history, a physical examination and organic diagnostic can lead to the correct diagnosis and therapy. The differential-diagnostic classification and the detection of organic causes is an important part of psychiatric care, but often a good cooperation with organic specialties is needed.
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Haque E, Irfan S, Kamil M, Sheikh S, Hasan A, Ahmad A, Lakshmi V, Nazir A, Mir SS. Terpenoids with antifungal activity trigger mitochondrial dysfunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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64
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Langgartner S, Strube W, Oviedo T, Hansbauer M, Karch S, Wirth S, Falkai P, Hasan A. Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia and Global Cortical Atrophy in a Patient with Turner Syndrome. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2016; 49:262-263. [PMID: 27458742 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rausch F, Eisenacher S, Elkin H, Englisch S, Kayser S, Striepens N, Lautenschlager M, Heinz A, Gudlowski Y, Janssen B, Gaebel W, Michel TM, Schneider F, Lambert M, Naber D, Juckel G, Krueger-Oezguerdal S, Wobrock T, Hasan A, Riedel M, Moritz S, Müller H, Klosterkötter J, Bechdolf A, Zink M, Wagner M. Evaluation of the 'Jumping to conclusions' bias in different subgroups of the at-risk mental state: from cognitive basic symptoms to UHR criteria. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2071-2081. [PMID: 27094404 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with psychosis display the so-called 'Jumping to Conclusions' bias (JTC) - a tendency for hasty decision-making in probabilistic reasoning tasks. So far, only a few studies have evaluated the JTC bias in 'at-risk mental state' (ARMS) patients, specifically in ARMS samples fulfilling 'ultra-high risk' (UHR) criteria, thus not allowing for comparisons between different ARMS subgroups. METHOD In the framework of the PREVENT (secondary prevention of schizophrenia) study, a JTC task was applied to 188 patients either fulfilling UHR criteria or presenting with cognitive basic symptoms (BS). Similar data were available for 30 healthy control participants matched for age, gender, education and premorbid verbal intelligence. ARMS patients were identified by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS) and the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument - Adult Version (SPI-A). RESULTS The mean number of draws to decision (DTD) significantly differed between ARM -subgroups: UHR patients made significantly less draws to make a decision than ARMS patients with only cognitive BS. Furthermore, UHR patients tended to fulfil behavioural criteria for JTC more often than BS patients. In a secondary analysis, ARMS patients were much hastier in their decision-making than controls. In patients, DTD was moderately associated with positive and negative symptoms as well as disorganization and excitement. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate an enhanced JTC bias in the UHR group compared to ARMS patients with only cognitive BS. This underscores the importance of reasoning deficits within cognitive theories of the developing psychosis. Interactions with the liability to psychotic transitions and therapeutic interventions should be unravelled in longitudinal studies.
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Rossner M, Hasan A, Falkai P, Klebl B, Wehr M. Building academic-industrial alliances to stimulate drug discovery for psychiatric diseases. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Emin O, Hasan A, Rusen DM. Plasma paraoxonase, oxidative status level, and their relationship with asthma control test in children with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2015; 43:346-52. [PMID: 25305730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of asthma with a control test has been suggested as a relevant approach in recent years. However, no biomarker of systemic inflammation has been included in the assessment of asthma control. OBJECTIVE To evaluate plasma paraoxonase (PON1), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in children with asthma according to the disease control, and the performance in the identification of uncontrolled patients. METHODS Stable asthmatic children (n=85) and healthy controls (n=55) were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected for plasma PON1, TOS, and TAS measurements. Any contributing factors that may affect plasma PON1, TAS, and TOS levels were excluded from both groups. The diagnostic potential of these measures was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Comparing the asthmatic children with the control group, plasma TAS and TOS levels were significantly higher (TAS; 6.9 ± 2.1, 1.05 ± 0.32, P<0.001, and TOS; 12.5 ± 3.4, 5.5 ± 3.8, P<0.001, respectively) and PON1 level was significantly lower (156.5 ± 55, 298.6 ± 87.6, respectively, P<0.001) in the asthmatic group than controls. In ROC analysis, PON1 presented an AUC 0.679 and TOS presented an AUC 0.645 for the identification of uncontrolled asthma, respectively. Asthma Control Test (ACT) presented an AUC of 0.972 for the identification of uncontrolled asthma. CONCLUSION PON1 and TOS levels may be systemic markers of uncontrolled asthma in children. Combined use of these two biomarkers with asthma control test may identify patients with uncontrolled asthma in children.
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Zhao Q, Ahmed M, Tassev DV, Hasan A, Kuo TY, Guo HF, O'Reilly RJ, Cheung NKV. Affinity maturation of T-cell receptor-like antibodies for Wilms tumor 1 peptide greatly enhances therapeutic potential. Leukemia 2015; 29:2238-47. [PMID: 25987253 PMCID: PMC4788467 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
WT1126 (RMFPNAPYL) is a human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted peptide derived from Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1), which is widely expressed in a broad spectrum of leukemias, lymphomas and solid tumors. A novel T-cell-receptor (TCR)-like single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific for the T-cell epitope consisting of the WT1/HLA-A2 complex was isolated from a human scFv phage library. This scFv was affinity-matured by mutagenesis combined with yeast display and structurally analyzed using a homology model. This monovalent scFv showed a 100-fold affinity improvement (dissociation constant (KD)=3 nm) and exquisite specificity towards its targeted epitope or HLA-A2+/WT1+ tumor cells. Bivalent scFv-huIgG1-Fc fusion protein demonstrated an even higher avidity (KD=2 pm) binding to the T-cell epitope and to tumor targets and was capable of mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity or tumor lysis by chimeric antigen receptor-expressing human T- or NK-92-MI-transfected cells. This antibody demonstrated specific and potent cytotoxicity in vivo towards WT1-positive leukemia xenograft that was HLA-A2 restricted. In summary, T-cell epitopes can provide novel targets for antibody-based therapeutics. By combining phage and yeast displays and scFv-Fc fusion platforms, a strategy for developing high-affinity TCR-like antibodies could be rapidly explored for potential clinical development.
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Ferreira R, Gonzaga A, Cardoso P, Santos J, Stanislao M, Facciorusso A, Di Stolfo G, Criconia G, Parisi A, Michelini S, Fanelli M, Valle G, Gokhan O, Hasan A, Mehmet D, Mehmet M, Selvi C, Mustafa K, Ismet Z, Din S, Snowdon R, Williams K, Michail M, Koh T. Clinical Case Session I: Sunday 3 May 2015, 10:00-11:00 * Room: Venecia. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Grüber L, Falkai P, Hasan A. Depression bei Schizophrenie. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 83:238-46; quiz 247-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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71
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Drees D, Pouch S, Theodoropoulos N, Hasan A, Sai-Sudhakar C, Martin S. Indium-111 Nuclear-Labeled Leukocyte Imaging in Mechanical Circulatory Support Infections. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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72
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Hasan A, Cousin G. Alice in Wonderland syndrome and hypermobility of the temporomandibular joint: association or coincidence? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hasan A. Evaluation of the Impact of a Psycho-educational Intervention On Knowledge Levels and Psychological Outcomes for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Their Caregivers in Jordan. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)31283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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De Rita F, Hasan A, Haynes S, Peng E, Gandolfo F, Ferguson L, Kirk R, Smith J, Griselli M. Outcome of mechanical cardiac support in children using more than one modality as a bridge to heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 48:917-22; discussion 922. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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75
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Hasan A. [Admitting and caring for refugees. Can their sense of self-worth be reclaimed?]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR PSYCHIATRIE 2015; 57:839-841. [PMID: 26552932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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76
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Sithamparanathan S, Thirugnanasothy L, Fisher A, Lordan J, Meachery G, Dark J, Hasan A, Clark S, Gould K, MacGowan G, Parry G, Corris P. P243 A Retrospective Observational Study Of 20 Year Lung Transplant Survivors - A Single Centre Experience. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hasan A, Maloney CE. Inferring elastic properties of an fcc crystal from displacement correlations: subspace projection and statistical artifacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:062309. [PMID: 25615095 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.062309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We compute the effective dispersion and vibrational density of states (DOS) of two-dimensional subregions of three-dimensional face-centered-cubic crystals using both a direct projection-inversion technique and a Monte Carlo simulation based on a common underlying Hamiltonian. We study both a (111) and (100) plane. We show that for any given direction of wave vector, both (111) and (100) show an anomalous ω(2)∼q regime at low q where ω(2) is the energy associated with the given mode and q is its wave number. The ω(2)∼q scaling should be expected to give rise to an anomalous DOS, D(ω), at low ω: D(ω)∼ω(3) rather than the conventional Debye result: D(ω)∼ω(2). The DOS for (100) looks to be consistent with D(ω)∼ω(3), while (111) shows something closer to the conventional Debye result at the smallest frequencies. In addition to the direct projection-inversion calculation, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the effects of finite sampling statistics. We show that finite sampling artifacts act as an effective disorder and bias D(ω), giving a behavior closer to D(ω)∼ω(2) than D(ω)∼ω(3). These results should have an important impact on the interpretation of recent studies of colloidal solids where the two-point displacement correlations can be obtained directly in real-space via microscopy.
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Hasan A, Hertel N, Falkai P. [Confusion states. The schizophrenia spectrum is unexpectedly large]. MMW Fortschr Med 2014; 156:34. [PMID: 25543361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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de Rita F, Gandolfo F, Kirk R, Irving C, Haynes S, Crossland D, Hasan A, Griselli M. 115-I * OUTCOME OF PAEDIATRIC CARDIAC RE-TRANSPLANTATION IN THE MECHANICAL SUPPORT ERA. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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de Rita F, Gandolfo F, Haynes S, Kirk R, Ferguson L, Smith JH, Hasan A, Griselli M. 279 * OUTCOME OF MECHANICAL CARDIAC SUPPORT IN CHILDREN USING MORE THAN ONE MODALITY AS BRIDGE TO HEART TRANSPLANTATION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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81
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Zink M, Schirmbeck F, Rausch F, Eifler S, Elkin H, Solojenkina X, Englisch S, Wagner M, Maier W, Lautenschlager M, Heinz A, Gudlowski Y, Janssen B, Gaebel W, Michel TM, Schneider F, Lambert M, Naber D, Juckel G, Krueger-Oezguerdal S, Wobrock T, Hasan A, Riedel M, Müller H, Klosterkötter J, Bechdolf A. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in at-risk mental states for psychosis: associations with clinical impairment and cognitive function. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:214-26. [PMID: 24571191 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) constitute a major comorbidity in schizophrenia. Prevalence estimations of OCS for patients with at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis vary largely. It is unclear how ARMS patients with or without comorbid OCS differ regarding general psychosocial functioning, psychotic and affective symptoms and neurocognitive abilities. METHOD At-risk mental states patients (n = 233) from the interventional trial PREVENT (Secondary Prevention of Schizophrenia) were stratified according to the presence or absence of comorbid OCS and compared on several clinical variables. RESULTS Patients, who fulfilled the criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or presented with subclinical OCS (ARMSposOCS sample), did not significantly differ from patients without OCS (ARMSnegOCS) with regard to gender, age, premorbid verbal intelligence and levels of education. Furthermore, similar severity of depressive syndromes, basic cognitive, attenuated psychotic and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms were found. However, ARMSposOCS patients showed more impairment of psychosocial functioning and higher general psychopathology. In contrast, they scored higher in cognitive tasks measuring working memory and immediate verbal memory. CONCLUSION Findings extend upon previous results due to the multidimensional assessment. Subsequent longitudinal studies might elucidate how comorbid OCS influence differential treatment response, especially to cognitive behavioural interventions and the transition rates to psychosis.
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Schmitt A, Malchow B, Keeser D, Falkai P, Hasan A. Neurobiologie der Schizophrenie. DER NERVENARZT 2014; 86:324-6, 328-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-014-4115-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hasan A, Malchow B, Falkai P, Schmitt A. [The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2014; 82:447-56. [PMID: 25105431 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia has been the leading theory explaining the aetiology of schizophrenia. However, since the first observation showed that NMDA-receptor antagonists (e. g., PCP) can induce all kinds of schizophrenia symptoms in humans, the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia has been established as an additional explanation model. Apart from the PCP-induced psychoses, many other findings from all areas of modern neuroscience have confirmed and extended the glutamate hypothesis. This review discusses the available evidence for the glutamate hypothesis and puts the different findings into relation. Consecutively, the possibilities for a pharmacological modulation of the glutamate system and recent clinical trials are discussed. To sum up, one could note that the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia is now well-established. The development of glutamatergic antipsychotics is still in the early stages, but there is hope for a new generation of antipsychotics based on the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, recent findings from registration trials could not provide positive findings for the recently developed glutamatergic drugs.
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Le M, Ravin K, Hasan A, Clauss H, Muchant DG, Pasko JK, Cipollina G, Abanyie F, Montgomery SP, Loy M, Ahmed M, Mathur M, Chokkalingam Mani B, Mehr J, Kotru A, Varma C, Maksimak M, Schultz M, Obradovic G, Alvarez R, Toyoda Y, Birkenbach M, Brunner E, Nelson J. Single donor-derived strongyloidiasis in three solid organ transplant recipients: case series and review of the literature. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1199-206. [PMID: 24612907 PMCID: PMC10167799 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor-derived Strongyloides stercoralis infections in transplant recipients are a rare but recognized complication. In this case series, we report donor-derived allograft transmission of Strongyloides in three solid organ transplant recipients. Following detection of infection in heart and kidney-pancreas recipients at two different transplant centers, a third recipient from the same donor was identified and diagnosed. S. stercoralis larvae were detected in duodenal aspirates, bronchial washings, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and stool specimens. Treatment with ivermectin and albendazole was successful in two of the three patients identified. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was contacted and performed an epidemiologic investigation. Donor serology was strongly positive for S. stercoralis antibodies on retrospective testing while all pretransplant recipient serum was negative. There should be a high index of suspicion for parasitic infection in transplant recipients and donors from endemic regions of the world. This case series underscores the need for expanded transplant screening protocols for Strongyloides. Positive serologic or stool tests should prompt early treatment or prophylaxis in donors and recipients as well as timely notification of organ procurement organizations and transplant centers.
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Butt T, Ozalp F, Wrightson N, Robinson Smith N, Woods A, Parry G, Griselli M, Hasan A, Schueler S, MacGowan G. Extended Bridge To Transplant: 4 Years Outcomes With 3rd Generation LVADs in an Era of Restricted Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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86
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Peng E, Griselli M, O’Sullivan J, Crossland D, Chaudhari M, Wrightson N, Butt T, Roysam C, Parry G, MacGowan G, Schueler S, Hasan A. Mechanical Circulatory Support for Failing Systemic Right Ventricle Using Left Ventricular Assist Device - An Option To Decide and Bridge? J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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87
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Whitson B, Ravi Y, Emani S, Lampert B, Kilic A, Hasan A, Higgins R, Sai Sudhakar C. Heart Transplant Recipient and Donor Age Mismatching: Should the Older Recipient Be Paired with the Older Donor? J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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88
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Strube W, Bunse T, Wobrock T, Witt S, Nieratschker V, Falkai P, Hasan A. Impact of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism on cortical inhibition in schizophrenia. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Rita F, Hasan A, Haynes S, Crossland D, Kirk R, Ferguson L, Peng E, Griselli M. Mechanical cardiac support in children with congenital heart disease with intention to bridge to heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:656-62; discussion 662. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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90
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Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T. Transcranial brain stimulation in schizophrenia: targeting cortical excitability, connectivity and plasticity. Curr Med Chem 2014. [PMID: 23157633 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a very popular tool used within neuroscience. This and other associated techniques allow the in vivo investigation of cortical excitability, cortical connectivity and cortical plasticity. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder and various theories other than the dopamine hypothesis have been developed to describe its underlying neurobiology. Supported by animal and post mortem studies, findings from TMS studies indicate that schizophrenia is a disease of reduced cortical inhibition and impaired intra- and intercortical connectivity. Further studies using repetitive TMS and other plasticity-inducing techniques have shown that cortical plasticity is altered in schizophrenia patients, supporting the recently discussed plasticity deficiency theory of schizophrenia. This review gives an introduction to the most frequently applied techniques, describes findings in schizophrenia patients and discusses these findings with regard to the neurotransmitters and associated receptors involved. In summary, there is emerging evidence of an important pathophysiological interplay between reduced inhibition, impaired connectivity and reduced plasticity in schizophrenia patients. Gamma-aminobutyric-acid-receptors and glutamtergic N-Methyl-D-aspartic-acid-receptors are most likely to be involved in this complex interplay, which may reflect a disturbed signal-to-noise ratio in schizophrenia patients. This review will discuss this issue with regard to the available treatment options and will give implications for future research and therapeutic strategies regarding disinhibition and neuroplasticity in schizophrenia.
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Hasan A, Narayanan S, Basit A, Gopalan V, Soumian S, Kirby R. Corrigendum to “Evaluation of one step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) molecular assay for intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis” Eur J Surg Oncol 39 (2013) S63. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hasan A. EPA-1770 – Cortical plasticity deficits in schizophrenia - results from different humanphysiological studies. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Strube W, Bunse T, Wobrock T, Falkai P, Hasan A. EPA-1507 – Cortical inhibition in schizophrenia: a retrospective pooled cross-sectional analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Strube W, Bunse T, Wobrock T, Witt S, Nieratschker V, Falkai P, Hasan A. EPA-1506 – Impact of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism on cortical inhibition in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hasan A, Galea J, Casula E, Falkai P, Bestmann S, Rothwell J. P 43. Functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hasan A, Wobrock T, Falkai P. IS 32. Impaired cortical plasticity in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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De Rita F, Peng E, Haynes SR, Crossland DS, Kirk R, Ferguson LP, Hasan A, Griselli M. 216 * MECHANICAL CARDIAC SUPPORT IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE WITH INTENTION TO BRIDGE TO HEART TRANSPLANTATION. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hasan A, Wobrock T. [Treatment-resistant schizophrenia - biological treatments]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2013; 81:464-472. [PMID: 23939560 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Wobrock T, Falkai P, Schneider-Axmann T, Hasan A, Galderisi S, Davidson M, Kahn RS, Derks EM, Boter H, Rybakowski JK, Libiger J, Dollfus S, López-Ibor JJ, Peuskens J, Hranov LG, Gaebel W, Fleischhacker WW. Comorbid substance abuse in first-episode schizophrenia: effects on cognition and psychopathology in the EUFEST study. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:132-139. [PMID: 23537477 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Studies and meta-analyses investigating the influence of substance use disorder (SUD) (substance abuse or dependence) on psychopathology and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia patients have revealed controversial results. Most studies did only have small samples and did not focus exclusively on first-episode schizophrenia patients. METHOD In a post-hoc analysis of the European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST) psychopathology and cognitive performances of patients with (FE-SUD, N=119, consisting of N=88 patients with persisting SUD at baseline and N=31 patients with previous SUD) and without SUD (FE-non-SUD, N=204) were compared at baseline and 6 months follow-up. Neurocognitive assessment included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Trail Making Tests A and B (TMT), Purdue Pegboard and Digit-Symbol Coding. RESULTS In total 31.1% of patients reported SUD, and 22.2% of patients used cannabis. There were no significant differences between patients with and without SUD concerning PANSS scores, extrapyramidal motor symptoms or neurocognitive measures except better performance in psychomotor speed (TMT-A, p=0.033, Cohen's d=0.26) in patients with SUD at 6 months follow-up. Interestingly, SUD patients with ongoing substance use at follow-up showed elevated positive symptoms (PANSS positive score, p=0.008, Cohen's d=0.84) compared to those who abstained. PANSS scores at baseline were increased in patients with an onset of SUD before the age of 16 years. In addition we found a correlation between longer duration of cannabis use and higher cognitive performance as well as reduced symptom improvement and more extrapyramidal motor symptoms in patients with higher frequency of cannabis consumption. CONCLUSIONS FE-SUD and FE-non-SUD show similar psychopathology and neuropsychological performances at baseline and during the first 6 months of antipsychotic treatment.
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Hasan A, Peluso CR, Hull TS, Fieschko J, Chatterjee SG. A surface-renewal model of cross-flow microfiltration. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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