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Idris A, Al-Saleh M, Amer M, Abdalla O, Brown J. Introduction of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus into the United Arab Emirates. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:1593. [PMID: 30699838 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-14-0838-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe leaf curl and small vein thickening symptoms were observed in okra fields in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the winter season, 2013. These symptoms were reminiscent of those often associated with begomovirus infection. Based on the symptoms observed in okra plants growing in adjacent fields (20 × 20 m) on two small holding farms, the disease incidence ranged from 90 to 100%. The fields were infested with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), the insect vector of begomoviruses. Total DNA was extracted from four symptomatic okra leaves collected from two plants per field and used for PCR amplification of the core region of the begomovirus coat protein gene using the degenerate primers AVcore 3'-GCCHATRTAYAGRAAGCCMAGRAT-5' and ACcore 3'-GGRTTDGARGCATGHGTACANGCC-5'. Amplicons of the expected size (~579 bp) were cloned and sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the partial coat protein sequences against the NCBI database revealed that the closet match to the four okra isolates was the Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV). CLCuGeV is a widespread Old World monopartite begomovirus described from the Nile Basin, sub-Saharan Africa, and southwestern Arabia (1). Recently, this virus has been reported in Jordan (GU945265) and Pakistan (3). To obtain the full-length viral genomic DNA for cloning and sequencing, total DNA extracts were enriched for circular dsDNA by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using Illustra TempliPhi (GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Piscataway, NJ). The RCA products from each sample were digested with PstI, resulting in ~2.7 and 1.3 kbp molecules, respectively, and cloned into the pGEM plasmid vector (Promega, Madison, WI), linearized with PstI. Two inserts were selected from each cloning event and subjected to DNA sequencing using primer walking. The four resultant sequences of the 2.7 kbp (identified as virus genome) and the 1.3 kbp (betasatellite) inserts shared 99 to 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with each other, respectively. Therefore, only two representative genome and betasatellite sequences of 2,772 bp (KJ939446) and 1,356 bp (KM279620) were deposited in GenBank. Analysis using the Species Demarcation Tool (SDT) (v.1.0) (2) showed that the CLCuGeV UAE isolate sequence shared its highest nt identity (96 to 97%) with isolates from Egypt (AF155064), Pakistan (FR751142), and Jordan (GU945265). In contrast, it was only 93% identical to an isolate of CLCuGeV (HG530540) from the west coast of Saudi Arabia, nonetheless indicating they are all isolates of the same species. Analysis of the CLCuGeV sequence indicated that it was like other monopartite begomoviral genomes, containing a predicted hairpin, REP-binding iterons (GGTACTCA), and a TATA-box in the intergenic region. The genome contained six open reading frames encoding proteins with high homology to other CLCuGeV isolates. The 1,356-bp betasatellite shared its highest nt identity, at 97%, with the Okra leaf curl Oman betasatellite (KF267444) reported from infected okra plants in a neighboring country, Oman. The recent practice of transporting plants between the Gulf countries represents an important means and route for introducing begomoviruses among neighboring countries, compared to the long-distance aerial dispersal of viruliferous whiteflies, which is less likely because the Arabian desert poses a major barrier to long-distance whitefly flights. References: (1) A. Idris et al. Viruses 6:1219, 2014. (2) B. M. Muhire et al. Arch. Virol. 158:1411, 2013. (3) M. N. Tahir et al. PLoS ONE 6:E20366, 2011.
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Bidita BS, Aien N, Suraya AR, Mohd Salleh MA, Idris A. Effect of Experimental Variables on the Combustion Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Fuels. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.780241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ahmed I, Idris A, Hussain A, Yusof ZAM, Saad Khan M. Influence of Co-Solvent Concentration on the Properties of Dope Solution and Performance of Polyethersulfone Membranes. Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Watts RE, Tan CK, Ulett GC, Carey AJ, Totsika M, Idris A, Paton AW, Morona R, Paton JC, Schembri MA. Escherichia coli 83972 Expressing a P fimbriae Oligosaccharide Receptor Mimic Impairs Adhesion of Uropathogenic E. coli. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1242-9. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Golestanbagh M, Ahamad IS, Idris A, Yunus R. Effect of storage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds from reaping time on turbidity removal. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2011; 9:597-602. [PMID: 21976206 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2011.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is an indigenous plant to Malaysia whose seeds are used for water purification. Many studies on Moringa oleifera have shown that it is highly effective as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal. In this study, two different methods for extraction of Moringa's active ingredient were investigated. Results of sodium chloride (NaCl) and distilled water extraction of Moringa oleifera seeds showed that salt solution extraction was more efficient than distilled water in extracting Moringa's active coagulant ingredient. The optimum dosage of shelled Moringa oleifera seeds extracted by the NaCl solution was comparable with that of the conventional chemical coagulant alum. Moreover, the turbidity removal efficiency was investigated for shelled Moringa oleifera seeds before drying in the oven under different storage conditions (i.e. open and closed containers at room temperature, 27 °C) and durations (fresh, and storage for 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks from the time the seeds were picked from the trees). Our results indicate that there are no significant differences in coagulation efficiencies and, accordingly, turbidity removals between the examined storage conditions and periods.
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Abidin ZZ, Ismail N, Yunus R, Ahamad IS, Idris A. A preliminary study on Jatropha curcas as coagulant in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:971-977. [PMID: 21882550 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.521955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many coagulants, mainly inorganic, are widely used in conventional water and wastewater treatment. Recent studies reported the occurrence of some chronic diseases associated with residual coagulant in treated wastewater. The use of alternative coagulants which are biodegradable and environmentally friendly could alleviate the problem associated with these diseases. This work investigates the capability of Jatropha curcas seed and presscake (the residue left after oil extraction) to reduce the turbidity of wastewater through coagulation. The coagulant was prepared by dissolving Jatropha curcas seed and presscake powder into solution. Then jar tests were conducted on kaolin solution as the model wastewater. The Jatropha seed was found to be an effective coagulant with more than 96% of turbidity removal at pH 1-3 and pH 11-12. The highest turbidity removal was recorded at pH 3 using a dosage of 120 mg/L. The flocs formed using Jatropha were observed to be bigger and to sediment faster when compared with flocs formed using alum. The turbidity removal was high (>98%) at all turbidities (100 NTU to 8000 NTU), suggesting its suitability for a wide range of industrial wastewater. The performance of Jatropha presscake after extraction of oil was also comparable to the fresh seed and alum at highly acidic and highly alkaline conditions. The addition of Jatropha did not significantly affect the pH of the kaolin samples after treatment and the sludge volume produced was less in comparison to alum. These results strongly support the use of Jatropha curcas seed and presscake as a potential coagulant agent.
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Hamzah F, Idris A, Rashid R, Ming S. Lactic Acid Production from Microwave-Alkali Pre-Treated Empty Fruit Bunches Fibre using Rhizopus oryzae Pellet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2009.3086.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Idris A, Ahmed I, Jye HW. Performance of cellulose acetate - polyethersulphone blend membrane prepared using microwave heating for palm oil mill effluent treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2007; 56:169-177. [PMID: 17978445 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the performance of blend cellulose acetate (CA)-polyethersulphone (PES) membranes prepared using microwave heating (MWH) techniques and then compare it with blend CA-PES membranes prepared using conventional heating (CH) methods using bovine serum albumin solution. The superior membranes were then used in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Various blends of CA-PES have been blended with PES in the range of 1-5 wt%. This distinctive series of dope formulations of blend CA/PES and pure CA was prepared using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The dope solution was prepared by MW heating for 5 min at a high pulse and the membranes were prepared by phase inversion method. The performances of these membranes were evaluated in terms of pure water and permeate flux, percentage removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results indicate that blend membranes prepared using the microwave technique is far more superior compared to that prepared using CH. Blend membranes with 19% CA, 1-3% PES and 80% of DMF solvent were found to be the best membrane formulation.
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Wigginton J, Pepe P, Idris A. Crit Care 2006; 10:P240. [DOI: 10.1186/cc4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Idris A, Sundram K. We-P14:406 Palm vitamin E inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ademola-Popoola DS, Akande TM, Idris A. Patients' assessment of quality of eye care in a nigerian teaching hospital. Niger Postgrad Med J 2005; 12:145-8. [PMID: 16160712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' assessment of quality of health care despite its importance in uptake of available services is not frequently examined in developing countries. METHOD This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Eye clinic in a Tertiary health facility to find out patients' perception of quality of care received in the facility. A questionnaire instrument was used, and it included patients' socio-demographic data, patients' perception of waiting time, charges, supportive services such as ease of movement from one service point to the other and pharmacy. Respondents' suggestions on any area of service rendered to them were also captured. RESULT A total of 124 respondents were interviewed. Majority (89.4%) reported long waiting time particularly for doctors' consultation. Missed clinic appointment was mostly due to health workers strike. Two-thirds of patients procured their prescribed drugs outside the Hospital due to hospital bureaucracy. However, most patients reported having received adequate explanation on their ailment from the health workers. Despite the shortcomings in services received most of the patients expressed satisfaction with the quality of care received. CONCLUSION There is need to frequently examine the quality of health care received by patients in developing countries with the aim of identifying areas of services that should be improved. Key words: patients' assessment, eye care, quality.
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Roppolo L, Pepe P, Westfall A, Idris A, Wigginton J. Crit Care 2005; 9:P303. [DOI: 10.1186/cc3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kleiner D, Bozeman W, Idris A, Gabrielli A. Intracranial pressure and hemodynamic responses to esophageal tracheal combitube insertion. Ann Emerg Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wigginton J, Pepe P, Idris A, Raedler C, Lurie K. Crit Care 2004; 8:P46. [DOI: 10.1186/cc2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Idris A. Study of shear rate influence on the performance of cellulose acetate reverse osmosis hollow fiber membranes. J Memb Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0376-7388(01)00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Idris A, Yen OB, Hamid MHA, Baki AM. Drying kinetics and stabilization of sewage sludge in lagoon in hot climate. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2002; 46:279-286. [PMID: 12448479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sludge lagoon has been adopted as a simple and cost effective method for dewatering of sludge. The processes occurring in a sludge lagoon include thickening, dewatering, storage and stabilization; all happening simultaneously. The objective of this study is to determine the dewatering and drying rates at pilot-scale which occur in a lagoon having different design configurations. Two types of sludge lagoons with different initial sludge depth (0.75 m and 0.375 m) were investigated to measure the drying behavior and drying efficiency. The first design is a sludge lagoon with a clay bottom where the dewatering mechanisms are decanting supernatant and evaporation. The second design is a sludge lagoon installed with a sand and underdrains system, where the dewatering mechanisms are filtration or draining and evaporation. Sludge drying kinetic models with high fitness were plotted to describe the sludge drying behavior. Drying of sludge in a sludge lagoon with a clay bottom can best be described by an exponential function. Whereas, drying of sludge in a sludge lagoon with sand and underdrains system followed a logarithmic function. A lagoon designed with sand and underdrains system and having shallower sludge depth was the most efficient. The reduction in volatile solids was lower than 4% during the study period. The drying process proceeded with an increase in dryness and decline in pH value.
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Noor MJMM, Muyibi SA, Ahmed T, Ghazall AH, Jusoh A, Idris A, Ahmadun FR, Nagaoka H, Aya H. Performance of an extended aeration-microfiltration (EAM) reactor in treating high strength industrial wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2002; 46:331-338. [PMID: 12448486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted on an Extended Aeration-Microfiltration (EAM) reactor in treating a food industry wastewater. The reactor contained horizontally laid hollow fibre microfiltration (MF) units that were fully submerged. The MF units were connected to a peristaltic pump that was used to extract permeate continuously under suction pressure. Continuous aeration from beneath the modules provided the crossflow effect to the MF units. Active activated sludge was used in the start-up where the sludge was mixed together with the feed water at a Food/Microorganisms (F/M) value of about 0.1. Primary effluent with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values ranged between 1,500 and 3,000 mg/l was used as feed water. The EAM reactor was operated for nearly three months without initiating cleaning of the MF units. A suction pressure of 0.9 bar and Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) of over 5,500 mg/l were reached when nearing the end of the three month operation period. Permeate COD and turbidity reduction of over 97% and 99% respectively, were achieved. Prior to this, the MF module arrangements were studied; where vertically arranged modules were found to perform poorly as compared to the horizontally laid modules, in terms of clean water permeate flux.
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Idris A, Mehari T, Ashenafi M. Some microbiological and biochemical studies on the fermentation of 'awaze' and 'datta', traditional Ethiopian condiments. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001; 52:5-14. [PMID: 11225177 DOI: 10.1080/09637480020027174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The microbial and some biochemical changes during the fermentation of two Ethiopian condiments were studied. The aerobic mesophilic microflora of the ingredients of 'awaze' were dominated by Bacillus species (1.1 x 10(6) cfu/g) and lactic acid bacteria (4.5 x 10(4) cfu/g). The counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria declined during the fermentation period. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) reached the maximum count of 5.9 x 10(9) cfu/g at day 4 and the count remained > 10(8) cfu/g throughout the fermentation. The heterofermentative LAB dominated until day 3; thereafter the homolactics dominated the fermentation. Yeasts appeared at day 6 and increased to 2.5 x 10(6) cfu/g. In 'datta' fermentation, the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria remained unchanged during the fermentation. LAB initiated the fermentation at a level of 7.1 x 10(4) cfu/g and reached 1.2 x 10(9) cfu/g at day 7. The homolactic LAB initiated and dominated the fermentation for the first 2 days and the heterolactics took over thereafter. Both fermentations were accompanied by declining pH and increasing titratable acidity. Salmonella typhimurium was inhibited during both fermentations within 48 h. Both 'awaze' and 'datta' had low initial contents of available protein and reducing sugars and these did not show marked differences throughout the fermentation.
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Radu S, Lihan S, Idris A, Ling OW, Al-Haddawi MH, Rusul G. Genotypic and phenotypic relationship in Burkholderia pseudomallei indicates colonization with closely related isolates. THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 1999; 30:760-3. [PMID: 10928372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Seven isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from cases of melioidosis in human (2 isolates) and animal (2 isolates), cat (one isolate) and from soil samples (2 isolates) were examined for in vitro sensitivity to 14 antimicrobial agents and for presence of plasmid DNA. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to type the isolates, using two arbitrary primers. All isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, carbenicillin, rifampicin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. No plasmid was detected in all the isolates tested. RADP fingerprinting demonstrated genomic relationship between isolates, which provides an effective method to study the epidemiology of the isolates examined.
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Lai LS, Fakhru'l-Razi A, Idris A, Hassan MA. The performance and kinetic study of membrane anaerobic system in treating POME. Palm oil mill effluent. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 27:469-74. [PMID: 10595450 DOI: 10.3109/10731199909117721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of the three known kinetic models on MAS (membrane anaerobic system) process treating the POME and the overall MAS treatment efficiency were investigated. The MAS consists of a cross-flow ultrafiltration membrane (Model Micro 240) for solid-liquid separation. Six steady states were attained over a range of mixed liquor suspended solids of 12,681 - 30,460 mg/l. The study showed a good fitting of the Monod Model (91.1%), Contois Model (98.5%) and Chen and Hashimoto Model (95%) for the MAS treating raw POME at organic loadings between 1.5 kgCOD/m3/d to 6.5 kgCOD/m3/d. The growth yield coefficient, Y, was found to be 0,604 kg VSS/kgCOD while the specific microorganism decay rate was 0.099 day(-1). The k values were in the range of 0,242 to 0.425 mg COD/mg VSS.d and the microm values were between 0.145 to 0.257 day(-1). Throughout the study, the removal efficiency of COD was 83.2 to 97.97%. The methane production rate was between 0.262 to 0.473 l/g-COD-utilised/d. The MAS treatment efficiency was greatly affected by SRT and OLRs. In the study, membrane fouling and polarization at the membrane surface played a significant role in the formation of the strongly attached cake layer limiting membrane permeability
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Cummins RO, Chamberlain D, Hazinski MF, Nadkarni V, Kloeck W, Kramer E, Becker L, Robertson C, Koster R, Zaritsky A, Bossaert L, Ornato JP, Callanan V, Allen M, Steen P, Connolly B, Sanders A, Idris A, Cobbe S. Der innerklinische Utstein-Style (Teil II). Notf Rett Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s100490050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cummins RO, Chamberlain D, Hazinski MF, Nadkarni V, Kloeck W, Kramer E, Becker L, Robertson C, Koster R, Zaritsky A, Bossaert L, Ornato JP, Callanan V, Allen M, Steen P, Connolly B, Sanders A, Idris A, Cobbe S. Der innerklinische Utstein-Style (Teil I). Notf Rett Med 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s100490050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kissoon N, Idris A, Wenzel V, Murphy S, Rush W. Intraosseous and central venous blood acid-base relationship during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatr Emerg Care 1997; 13:250-3. [PMID: 9291510 DOI: 10.1097/00006565-199708000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine whether obtaining intraosseous (IO) blood samples was practical during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and 2) to compare the acid-base status (pH and partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) of venous and IO blood during CPR. DESIGN A prospective repeated measure study. SETTING An animal laboratory at a university medical center. INTERVENTIONS Nine mixed breed piglets (mean weight 43 kg) were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and placed on a ventilator (Siemens 900C Elema, Sweden). Placement of a pulmonary artery catheter was done via a surgical incision in the neck. An IO cannula was then placed in the tibial marrow cavity. The animals were positioned under a mechanical thumper (Thumper, Michigan Instruments, Grand Rapids, MI) for chest compressions. Blood gases were analyzed during steady state (baseline) after five minutes of ventricular fibrillation and during CPR at seven, nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 minutes. MAIN RESULTS Blood samples for acid-base analysis were easily obtained from the IO sites during all sampling times. Mixed venous blood was slightly more acidic than IO blood, especially at 13, 15, and 18 minutes. However, there were no significant differences in pH and Pco2 values between IO and central venous (CV) gases at all time intervals except the PCO2. At nine minutes, a significant difference (P < 0.006) was found in PCO2 (59 +/- 4 vs 47 +/- 5 torr) for the CV versus IO sample, respectively. As the duration of CPR progressed, the differences in PCO2 between IO and CV sites were clinically relevant (though not statistically significant). CONCLUSION Obtaining blood from the IO site is practical during CPR. The divergence in values as CPR progresses suggests that, during longer periods of CPR, IO blood may reflect local acidosis and yield lower PCO2 and higher pH values that CV blood. This finding may limit the usefulness of IO blood to judge acid base status as CPR progresses.
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Fiallos M, Kissoon N, Abdelmoneim T, Johnson L, Murphy S, Lu L, Masood S, Idris A. Fat embolism with the use of intraosseous infusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Med Sci 1997; 314:73-9. [PMID: 9258208 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199708000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective study was to assess the incidence and magnitude of fat emboli after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and intraosseous infusions. An animal laboratory at a university center was used to study 33 mixed-breed piglets. The piglets underwent hypoxic cardiac arrest followed by chest compressions and mechanical ventilation for a minimum of 30 minutes. The animals were divided in groups: group 1 (n = 5), which had no intraosseous cannulas, group 2 (n = 6), which had intraosseous cannulas with infusion, groups 3 (n = 6), 4 (n = 6), and 5 (n = 8), which had intraosseous cannulas with infusion of epinephrine, normal saline, and sodium bicarbonate respectively, and group 6 (n = 2), which was a sham group with no intraosseous cannulas and no cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At cessation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, representative lung samples were collected from upper and lower lobes of each lung and observed for fat globules and bone marrow elements. Fat globules were seen in the peribronchial blood vessels and intravascular areas throughout all lung fields of groups 1 through 5. There was no difference in appearance or distribution of fat globules among the 5 treatment groups. Analysis of variance showed no statistical significance (P < 0.05) within or among groups 1 through 5. The use of the intraosseous cannula for infusion of emergency drugs and fluids did not increase the magnitude of fat embolization over cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone in this animal model. The benefits of using this procedure in critically ill children as a means of rapid vascular access for resuscitation is well established. However, the risk of fat embolism in this population needs further study.
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Cummins RO, Chamberlain D, Hazinski MF, Nadkarni V, Kloeck W, Kramer E, Becker L, Robertson C, Koster R, Zaritsky A, Ornato JP, Callanan V, Allen M, Steen P, Connolly B, Sanders A, Idris A, Cobbe S. Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on in-hospital resuscitation: the in-hospital "Utstein style". American Heart Association. Ann Emerg Med 1997; 29:650-79. [PMID: 9140252 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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