26
|
Booth R, Aliozo C, Mureb A, Ahmad M, Clarke A, Nash G, Qureshi T, Siddiqi N, Parvaiz A. Minimally invasive surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: An early single centre experience. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2020; 107:e516-e517. [PMID: 32822507 PMCID: PMC7461392 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
27
|
Clarke A, Beenstock J, Lukacs JN, Turner L, Limmer M. Major risk factors for sexual minority young people's mental and physical health: findings from a county-wide school-based health needs assessment. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:e274-e282. [PMID: 30252096 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood health is an important adult health predictor. Sexual orientation is increasingly recognized as influential on children and young people's (CYP) mental and physical health. METHODS Data came from a cross-sectional survey of year 9 children attending schools in two local authorities in the north-west of England, including mental and physical health indicators, and demographic characteristics including sexual orientation. The sample of 8058 represented 67.8% of the eligible population. Data were analysed by sexual orientation, sexual majority or sexual minority. RESULTS Children reporting their sexual orientation as sexual minority reported worse mental and physical health outcomes and behaviours than sexual majority peers; had higher odds of being lonely (odds ratios (OR) = 8.24, 95% C.I.: 6.56-10.37), having self-harmed (OR = 7.28, 95% C.I.: 5.78-9.15), being bullied (OR = 4.76, 95% C.I.: 3.74-6.05) or perceiving themselves as overweight (OR = 2.40, 95% C.I.: 1.89-3.06). CONCLUSIONS It is important to identify and support children in a sexual minority. Research is required to understand differences between children within sexual minorities and the impact on outcomes and rights. Health and social policy and services, should respond to the vulnerabilities of sexual minority CYP.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cahn P, Madero JS, Arribas J, Antinori A, Ortiz R, Clarke A, Hung C, Rockstroh J, Girard P, Sievers J, Man C, Urbaityte R, Underwood M, Tenorio A, Pappa K, Wynne B, Gartland M, Aboud M, van Wyk J, Smith K, El-Bahy Y. Durable Efficacy of Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Adults With HIV-1 Infection: 96-Week Results From the GEMINI Studies. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
29
|
Lathouwers E, Wong EY, Brown K, Baugh B, Ghys A, Jezorwski J, Mohsine EG, Van Landuyt E, Opsomer M, De Meyer S, De Wit S, Florence E, Vandekerckhove L, Vandercam B, Brunetta J, Klein M, Murphy D, Rachlis A, Walmsley S, Ajana F, Cotte L, Girard PM, Katlama C, Molina JM, Poizot-Martin I, Raffi F, Rey D, Reynes J, Teicher E, Yazdanpanah Y, Arastéh K, Bickel M, Bogner J, Esser S, Faetkenheuer G, Jessen H, Kern W, Rockstroh J, Spinner C, Stellbrink HJ, Stoehr A, Antinori A, Castelli F, Chirianni A, De Luca A, Di Biagio A, Galli M, Lazzarin A, Maggiolo F, Maserati R, Mussini C, Garlicki A, Gasiorowski J, Halota W, Horban A, Parczewski M, Piekarska A, Belonosova E, Chernova O, Dushkina N, Kulagin V, Ryamova E, Shuldyakov A, Sizova N, Tsybakova O, Voronin E, Yakovlev A, Antela A, Arribas JR, Berenguer J, Casado J, Estrada V, Galindo MJ, Garcia Del Toro M, Gatell JM, Gorgolas M, Gutierrez F, Gutierrez MDM, Negredo E, Pineda JA, Podzamczer D, Portilla Sogorb J, Rivero A, Rubio R, Viciana P, De Los Santos I, Clarke A, Gazzard BG, Johnson MA, Orkin C, Reeves I, Waters L, Benson P, Bhatti L, Bredeek F, Crofoot G, Cunningham D, DeJesus E, Eron J, Felizarta F, Franco R, Gallant J, Hagins D, Henry K, Jayaweera D, Lucasti C, Martorell C, McDonald C, McGowan J, Mills A, Morales-Ramirez J, Prelutsky D, Ramgopal M, Rashbaum B, Ruane P, Slim J, Wilkin A, deVente J, De Wit S, Florence E, Moutschen M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandekerckhove L, Vandercam B, Brunetta J, Conway B, Klein M, Murphy D, Rachlis A, Shafran S, Walmsley S, Ajana F, Cotte L, Girard PM, Katlama C, Molina JM, Poizot-Martin I, Raffi F, Rey D, Reynes J, Teicher E, Yazdanpanah Y, Gasiorowski J, Halota W, Horban A, Piekarska A, Witor A, Arribas JR, Perez-Valero I, Berenguer J, Casado J, Gatell JM, Gutierrez F, Galindo MJ, Gutierrez MDM, Iribarren JA, Knobel H, Negredo E, Pineda JA, Podzamczer D, Portilla Sogorb J, Pulido F, Ricart C, Rivero A, Santos Gil I, Blaxhult A, Flamholc L, Gisslèn M, Thalme A, Fehr J, Rauch A, Stoeckle M, Clarke A, Gazzard BG, Johnson MA, Orkin C, Post F, Ustianowski A, Waters L, Bailey J, Benson P, Bhatti L, Brar I, Bredeek UF, Brinson C, Crofoot G, Cunningham D, DeJesus E, Dietz C, Dretler R, Eron J, Felizarta F, Fichtenbaum C, Gallant J, Gathe J, Hagins D, Henn S, Henry KW, Huhn G, Jain M, Lucasti C, Martorell C, McDonald C, Mills A, Morales-Ramirez J, Mounzer K, Nahass R, Olivet H, Osiyemi O, Prelutsky D, Ramgopal M, Rashbaum B, Richmond G, Ruane P, Scarsella A, Scribner A, Shalit P, Shamblaw D, Slim J, Tashima K, Voskuhl G, Ward D, Wilkin A, de Vente J. Week 48 Resistance Analyses of the Once-Daily, Single-Tablet Regimen Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in Adults Living with HIV-1 from the Phase III Randomized AMBER and EMERALD Trials. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:48-57. [PMID: 31516033 PMCID: PMC6944133 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is being investigated in two Phase III trials, AMBER (NCT02431247; treatment-naive adults) and EMERALD (NCT02269917; treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed adults). Week 48 AMBER and EMERALD resistance analyses are presented. Postbaseline samples for genotyping/phenotyping were analyzed from protocol-defined virologic failures (PDVFs) with viral load (VL) ≥400 copies/mL at failure/later time points. Post hoc analyses were deep sequencing in AMBER, and HIV-1 proviral DNA from baseline samples (VL <50 copies/mL) in EMERALD. Through week 48 across both studies, no darunavir, primary PI, or tenofovir resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were observed in HIV-1 viruses of 1,125 participants receiving D/C/F/TAF or 629 receiving boosted darunavir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate. In AMBER, the nucleos(t)ide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (N(t)RTI) RAM M184I/V was identified in HIV-1 of one participant during D/C/F/TAF treatment. M184V was detected pretreatment as a minority variant (9%). In EMERALD, in participants with prior VF and genoarchive data (N = 140; 98 D/C/F/TAF and 42 control), 4% had viruses with darunavir RAMs, 38% with emtricitabine RAMs, mainly at position 184 (41% not fully susceptible to emtricitabine), 4% with tenofovir RAMs, and 21% ≥ 3 thymidine analog-associated mutations (24% not fully susceptible to tenofovir) detected at screening. All achieved VL <50 copies/mL at week 48 or prior discontinuation. D/C/F/TAF has a high genetic barrier to resistance; no darunavir, primary PI, or tenofovir RAMs were observed through 48 weeks in AMBER and EMERALD. Only one postbaseline M184I/V RAM was observed in HIV-1 of an AMBER participant. In EMERALD, baseline archived RAMs to darunavir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir in participants with prior VF did not preclude virologic response.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mandala A, Murdoch D, Poon K, Aroney N, Gopal K, Walters D, Clarke A, Scalia G, Raffel O. 905 Transcatheter Mitral Valve in Valve: An Early Institutional Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
31
|
Burton GL, Wright S, Stokes A, Diercks DR, Clarke A, Gorman BP. Orientation mapping with Kikuchi patterns generated from a focused STEM probe and indexing with commercially available EDAX software. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 209:112882. [PMID: 31765818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.112882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Relating a crystal's microscopic structure-such as orientation and size-to a material's macroscopic properties is of great importance in materials science. Although most crystal orientation microscopy is performed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based methods have a number of benefits, including higher spatial resolution. Current TEM orientation methods have either specific hardware requirements or use software that has limited scope, utility, or availability. In this article, a technique is described for orientation mapping using Kikuchi diffraction patterns generated from a focused STEM probe. One key advantage is that indexing and analysis of the patterns and maps occurs in the robust OIM Analysis software, currently widely used for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analysis. It was found that with minimal to no image processing and by changing only a few software parameters, reliable indexing of Kikuchi patterns is possible. Three samples, a deformed β-Titanium (Ti), a medium carbon heat-treated steel, and BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-δ were tested to determine the effectiveness of the approach. In all three measurements the algorithms effectively and reliably determined the phases and the crystal orientations of the features measured. For the two orientation maps produced, less than 5% of the patterns were misindexed including boundary areas where overlapping patterns existed. An angular resolution of 0.15° was achieved while features <25 nm were able to be spatially resolved.
Collapse
|
32
|
Auguste P, Madan J, Tsertsvadze A, Court R, McCarthy N, Sutcliffe P, Taylor-Phillips S, Pink J, Clarke A. Identifying latent tuberculosis in high-risk populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:1178-1190. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relative accuracy of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) in identifying latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sensitivity and
specificity of IGRAs and TST for the prediction of progression to clinical tuberculosis (TB).METHODS: We searched electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE and EMBASE) from December 2009 to September 2018 for prospective studies that followed up individuals who had undergone testing with
commercial IGRAs and/or TST but had not received treatment based on the test result. The sensitivity and specificity estimates were pooled using a Bayesian bivariate random-effects model.RESULTS: Twenty-five studies, mostly with moderate to high risk of bias and a mean follow-up
time ranging from 1 to 5 years were included. TST (10–15 mm) tended to have lower sensitivity and higher specificity than QuantiFERON® Gold In-Tube, T-SPOT®.TB and TST (5 mm). The evidence did not indicate that any test outperformed the others due
to wide and overlapping 95% credible intervals.CONCLUSION: The evidence following individuals who had undergone testing for LTBI and had progressed to clinical TB is sparse. We did not find that IGRAs were superior to TST or vice versa; however, as our findings are based on a small
number of studies with methodological limitations and great uncertainty around the pooled estimates, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Collapse
|
33
|
Gartrell BD, Ahn JY, Khude R, Dougherty N, Johnson K, McCutchan J, Clarke A, Hunter S. Thermal burns of the spectacle associated with supplementary heating in native New Zealand geckos. N Z Vet J 2019; 68:126-133. [PMID: 31608795 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1674747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Case history: Gradual onset of ocular opacity was observed in three gold-striped geckos (Woodworthia chrysosiretica), and five Pacific geckos (Dactylocnemis pacificus) held in two adjacent terrariums in a zoological institution located in the North Island of New Zealand. Ultraviolet light and heat had been provided for the previous 3-4 years by a fluorescent bulb, but in the last 4 weeks of winter a ceramic heat bulb had been added, situated 10 cm above the upper mesh of the cageClinical findings: All eight geckos presented with mostly bilateral lesions of varying severity confined to the central or upper quadrant of the spectacles. These lesions ranged from variable areas of opacity within the stroma of the spectacle to similarly distributed ulcers of the surface epithelium of both spectacles. The spectacle lesions in the Pacific geckos responded well to treatment with topical combined antimicrobial therapy, within 18-29 days. The gold-striped geckos suffered complications including dysecdysis, severe spectacle ulceration and perforation, mycotic spectaculitis, and widespread mycotic dermatitis resulting in death or leading to euthanasia.Pathological findings: In the three gold-striped geckos, there were extensive areas of deep ulceration and replacement of the spectacle with a thick serocellular crust containing large numbers of fungal elements. The affected areas of the stroma were expanded by large deposits of proteinaceous and mucinous material, pyknotic cellular debris and moderate numbers of heterophils and macrophages as well as infiltrating fungal hyphae.Diagnosis: Mycotic spectaculitis with ulceration and perforation, and disseminated mycotic dermatitis likely secondary to thermal burns.Clinical relevance: This is the first report of thermal burns of the spectacle in any reptile. There was species variation in the burn severity with gold-striped geckos showing more severe lesions, possibly due to a mix of behavioural and anatomical factors. The thermal burns to the spectacles in three cases were complicated by delayed healing, perforation, dysecdysis and severe mycotic infection.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fox P, Neill OO, Slevin T, Carberry S, Furlong E, Coughlan B, Clarke A, Corboy H. The perceptions of parents/guardians regarding their child/adolescent’s experience of reflexology or non specific foot massage. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz275.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
Eron JJ, Orkin C, Cunningham D, Pulido F, Post FA, De Wit S, Lathouwers E, Hufkens V, Jezorwski J, Petrovic R, Brown K, Van Landuyt E, Opsomer M, De Wit S, Florence E, Moutschen M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandekerckhove L, Vandercam B, Brunetta J, Conway B, Klein M, Murphy D, Rachlis A, Shafran S, Walmsley S, Ajana F, Cotte L, Girardy PM, Katlama C, Molina JM, Poizot-Martin I, Raffi F, Rey D, Reynes J, Teicher E, Yazdanpanah Y, Gasiorowski J, Halota W, Horban A, Piekarska A, Witor A, Arribas J, Perez-Valero I, Berenguer J, Casado J, Gatell J, Gutierrez F, Galindo M, Gutierrez M, Iribarren J, Knobel H, Negredo E, Pineda J, Podzamczer D, Sogorb J, Pulido F, Ricart C, Rivero A, Santos Gil I, Blaxhult A, Flamholc L, Gisslèn M, Thalme A, Fehr J, Rauch A, Stoeckle M, Clarke A, Gazzard B, Johnson M, Orkin C, Post F, Ustianowski A, Waters L, Bailey J, Benson P, Bhatti L, Brar I, Bredeek U, Brinson C, Crofoot G, Cunningham D, DeJesus E, Dietz C, Dretler R, Eron J, Felizarta F, Fichtenbaum C, Gallant J, Gathe J, Hagins D, Henn S, Henry W, Huhn G, Jain M, Lucasti C, Martorell C, McDonald C, Mills A, Morales-Ramirez J, Mounzer K, Nahass R, Olivet H, Osiyemi O, Prelutsky D, Ramgopal M, Rashbaum B, Richmond G, Ruane P, Scarsella A, Scribner A, Shalit P, Shamblaw D, Slim J, Tashima K, Voskuhl G, Ward D, Wilkin A, de Vente J. Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate regimens to the once daily, single-tablet regimen of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in treatment-experienced, virologically-suppressed adults living with HIV-1. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
36
|
Hutt S, Clarke A, Pullin R, Evans HP. The acoustic emission from asperity interactions in mixed lubrication. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20180900. [PMID: 31423088 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gears typically operate in mixed lubrication conditions, where the lubricant film is too thin to prevent opposing surface asperities from interacting with each other. The likelihood/intensity of interactions is indicated by the Λ ratio: the ratio of smooth surface film thickness to surface roughness. Researchers have asserted that asperity interactions are the predominant cause of acoustic emission (AE) in healthy gear contacts. However, direct experiments on gears have yet to yield a clear relationship between the Asperity AE (AAE) and Λ ratio, this is in part due to the complexity of gear tooth contacts. In this paper, a disc rig was used to simulate a simplified gear contact so that the fundamental relationship between AAE and Λ could be investigated more effectively. By varying oil temperature and entrainment speed, a wide spectrum of lubrication conditions was generated. In contrast to other published studies, an independent measurement technique, the contact voltage (CV), was used to verify the amount of interactions, and repeated roughness measurements were used to confirm minimal surface wear. A simple, consistent and precise relationship between AAE amplitude and Λ was identified and defined for changes from full-film to mixed lubrication. Within the mixed lubrication regime, the AAE amplitude increased exponentially as Λ decreased at all speeds tested. It was also observed that an increase in speed always resulted in an increase in AAE amplitude, independently of any changes in Λ. This direct effect of speed was modelled so that the AAE could be predicted for any combination of speed and Λ within the tested envelope. This paper links gear contact tribology and AE with new precision and clearly demonstrates the potential of using AAE as a sensitive monitoring technique for the lubrication condition of gears.
Collapse
|
37
|
Shum G, Cinnamond S, Hutton M, Chan D, Chauhan R, Bloxham S, Choy S, Cheung R, Eldabe S, Clarke A. Decreased tibial nerve movement in patients with failed back surgery syndrome and persistent leg pain. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2122-2128. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
|
38
|
Harper C, Ludwig A, Clarke A, Makgopela K, Yurchenko A, Guthrie A, Dobrynin P, Tamazian G, Emslie R, van Heerden M, Hofmeyr M, Potter R, Roets J, Beytell P, Otiende M, Kariuki L, du Toit R, Anderson N, Okori J, Antonik A, Koepfli KP, Thompson P, O'Brien SJ. Robust forensic matching of confiscated horns to individual poached African rhinoceros. Curr Biol 2019; 28:R13-R14. [PMID: 29316411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Black and white rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis and Ceratotherium simum) are iconic African species that are classified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as Critically Endangered and Near Threatened (http://www.iucnredlist.org/), respectively [1]. At the end of the 19th century, Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) numbers had declined to fewer than 50 animals in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi region of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province of South Africa, mainly due to uncontrolled hunting [2,3]. Efforts by the Natal Parks Board facilitated an increase in population to over 20,000 in 2015 through aggressive conservation management [2]. Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) populations declined from several hundred thousand in the early 19th century to ∼65,000 in 1970 and to ∼2,400 by 1995 [1] with subsequent genetic reduction, also due to hunting, land clearances and later poaching [4]. In South Africa, rhinoceros poaching incidents have increased from 13 in 2007 to 1,215 in 2014 [1]. This has occurred despite strict trade bans on rhinoceros products and strict enforcement in recent years.
Collapse
|
39
|
Austin DE, Burns B, Lowe D, Cartwright B, Clarke A, Dennis M, D'Souza M, Nathan R, Bannon PG, Gattas D, Connellan M, Forrest P. Retrieval of critically ill adults using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the nine-year experience in New South Wales. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 46:579-588. [PMID: 30447667 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1804600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In New South Wales, a coordinated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) retrieval program has been in operation since 2007. This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of patients transported by this service. We performed a retrospective observational study and included patients who were transported on ECMO to either of two adult tertiary referral hospitals in Sydney, New South Wales, between February 28, 2007 and February 29, 2016. One hundred and sixty-four ECMO-facilitated transports occurred, involving 160 patients. Of these, 118 patients (74%) were treated with veno-venous (VV) ECMO and 42 patients (26%) were treated with veno-arterial ECMO. The mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 40.4 (15.0) years. Seventy-seven transports (47%) occurred within metropolitan Sydney, 52 (32%) were from rural or regional areas within NSW, 17 (10%) were interstate transfers and 18 (11%) were international transfers. Transfers were by road (58%), fixed wing aircraft (27%) or helicopter (15%). No deaths occurred during transport. The median (interquartile range) duration of ECMO treatment was 8.9 (5.2-15.3) days. One hundred and nineteen patients (74%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 109 (68%) survived to hospital discharge or transfer. In patients treated with VV ECMO, age, sequential organ failure assessment score, pre-existing immunosuppressive disease, pre-existing diabetes, renal failure requiring dialysis and failed prone positioning prior to ECMO were independently associated with increased mortality. ECMO-facilitated patient transport is feasible, safe, and results in acceptable short-term outcomes. The NSW ECMO Retrieval Service provides specialised support to patients with severe respiratory and cardiovascular illness, who may otherwise be too unstable to undergo inter-hospital transfer to access advanced cardiovascular and critical care services.
Collapse
|
40
|
AL-Mayali MF, Hutt S, Sharif KJ, Clarke A, Evans HP. Experimental and Numerical Study of Micropitting Initiation in Real Rough Surfaces in a Micro-elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Regime. TRIBOLOGY LETTERS 2018; 66:150. [PMID: 30930593 PMCID: PMC6404807 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-018-1110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Micropitting is a form of surface fatigue damage that happens at the surface roughness scale in lubricated contacts in commonly used machine elements, such as gears and bearings. It occurs where the specific film thickness (ratio of smooth surface film thickness to composite surface roughness) is sufficiently low for the contacts to operate in the mixed lubrication regime, where the load is in part carried by direct asperity contacts. Micropitting is currently seen as a greater issue for gear designers than is regular pitting fatigue failure as the latter can be avoided by control of steel cleanliness. This paper describes the results of both theoretical and experimental studies of the onset of micropitting in test disks operated in the mixed lubrication regime. A series of twin disk mixed-lubrication experiments were performed in order to examine the evolution of micropitting damage during repeated cyclic loading of surface roughness asperities as they pass through the contact. Representative measurements of the surfaces used in the experimental work were then evaluated using a numerical model which combines a transient line contact micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (micro-EHL) simulation with a calculation of elastic sub-surface stresses. This model generated time-history of stresses within a block of material as it passes through the contact, based on the instantaneous surface contact pressure and traction at each point in the computing mesh at each timestep. This stress time-history was then used within a shear-strain-based fatigue model to calculate the cumulative damage experienced by the surface due to the loading sequence experienced during the experiments. The proposed micro-EHL model results and the experimental study were shown to agree well in terms of predicting the number of loading cycles that are required for the initial micropitting to occur.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li W, Churchill L, Cheng J, Kane K, Procter-Gray E, Clarke A, Crouter S. OBJECTIVELY MEASURED SPACE AND TIME USE AMONG OLDER MEN AND WOMEN. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
Papandreou A, Rahman S, Fratter C, Ng J, Meyer E, Carr LJ, Champion M, Clarke A, Gissen P, Hemingway C, Hussain N, Jayawant S, King MD, Lynch BJ, Mewasingh L, Patel J, Prabhakar P, Neergheen V, Pope S, Heales SJR, Poulton J, Kurian MA. Correction to: Spectrum of movement disorders and neurotransmitter abnormalities in paediatric POLG disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1299-1301. [PMID: 30456588 PMCID: PMC6828478 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to a typesetting error the wrong Table 2 was used. The correct Table 2 is shown here.
Collapse
|
43
|
Papandreou A, Rahman S, Fratter C, Ng J, Meyer E, Carr LJ, Champion M, Clarke A, Gissen P, Hemingway C, Hussain N, Jayawant S, King MD, Lynch BJ, Mewasingh L, Patel J, Prabhakar P, Neergheen V, Pope S, Heales SJR, Poulton J, Kurian MA. Spectrum of movement disorders and neurotransmitter abnormalities in paediatric POLG disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1275-1283. [PMID: 30167885 PMCID: PMC6326959 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the spectrum of movement disorders and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter profiles in paediatric patients with POLG disease. METHODS We identified children with genetically confirmed POLG disease, in whom CSF neurotransmitter analysis had been undertaken. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. CSF neurotransmitter levels were compared to both standardised age-related reference ranges and to non-POLG patients presenting with status epilepticus. RESULTS Forty-one patients with POLG disease were identified. Almost 50% of the patients had documented evidence of a movement disorder, including non-epileptic myoclonus, choreoathetosis and ataxia. CSF neurotransmitter analysis was undertaken in 15 cases and abnormalities were seen in the majority (87%) of cases tested. In many patients, distinctive patterns were evident, including raised neopterin, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels. CONCLUSIONS Children with POLG mutations can manifest with a wide spectrum of abnormal movements, which are often prominent features of the clinical syndrome. Underlying pathophysiology is probably multifactorial, and aberrant monoamine metabolism is likely to play a role.
Collapse
|
44
|
Li R, Sridharan M, Clarke A, Beesley S, Taylor H, Lees K. Comparison of Toxicity and Efficacy Outcomes of Capecitabine/MMC and 5FU/MMC in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Chemoradiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
45
|
Xu H, Clarke A, Rothstein J, Poole R. Viscoelastic drops moving on hydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 513:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
46
|
Armoiry X, Kan A, Melendez-Torres GJ, Court R, Sutcliffe P, Auguste P, Madan J, Counsell C, Clarke A. Short- and long-term clinical outcomes of use of beta-interferon or glatiramer acetate for people with clinically isolated syndrome: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and network meta-analysis. J Neurol 2018; 265:999-1009. [PMID: 29356977 PMCID: PMC5937891 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Beta-interferon (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA) have been evaluated in people with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with the aim to delay a second clinical attack and a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). We systematically reviewed trials evaluating the short- and long-term clinical effectiveness of these drugs in CIS. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases. We selected randomised controlled studies (RCTs) conducted in CIS patients and where the interventions were IFN-β and GA. Main outcomes were time to CDMS, and discontinuation due to adverse events (AE). We compared interventions using random-effect network meta-analyses (NMA). We also reported outcomes from long-term open-label extension (OLE) studies. Results We identified five primary studies. Four had open-label extensions following double-blind periods comparing outcomes between early vs delayed DMT. Short-term clinical results (double-blind period) showed that all drugs delayed CDMS compared to placebo. Indirect comparisons did not suggest superiority of any one active drug over another. We could not undertake a NMA for discontinuation due to AE. Long-term clinical results (OLE studies) showed that the risk of developing CDMS was consistently reduced across studies after early DMT treatment compared to delayed DMT (HR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.55, 0.74). No data supported the benefit of DMTs in reducing the time to, and magnitude of, disability progression. Conclusions Meta-analyses confirmed that IFN-β and GA delay time to CDMS compared to placebo. In the absence of evidence that early DMTs can reduce disability progression, future research is needed to better identify patients most likely to benefit from long-term DMTs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-018-8752-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
47
|
Walters D, Savage M, Anthony P, Crowhurst J, Poon K, Bett J, Scalia G, Raffel C, Clarke A. Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in High Surgical Risk and Inoperable Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Single Australian Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
48
|
Roen A, Laut K, Pelchen-Matthews A, Borodulina E, Caldeira L, Clarke A, Clotet B, d'Arminio Monforte A, Fätkenheuer G, Gatell Artigas JM, Karpov I, Kuznetsova A, Kyselyova G, Mozer-Lisewska I, Mulcahy F, Ragone L, Scherrer A, Uzdaviniene V, Vandekerckhove L, Vannappagari V, Ostergaard L, Mocroft A. Abacavir usage patterns and hypersensitivity reactions in the EuroSIDA cohort. HIV Med 2017; 19:252-260. [PMID: 29271606 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Five to eight per cent of HIV-positive individuals initiating abacavir (ABC) experience potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). We sought to describe the proportion of individuals initiating ABC and to describe the incidence and factors associated with HSR among those prescribed ABC. METHODS We calculated the proportion of EuroSIDA individuals receiving ABC-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) among those receiving cART after 1 January 2009. Poisson regression was used to identify demographic, and current clinical and laboratory factors associated with ABC utilization and discontinuation. RESULTS Between 2009 and 2016, of 10 076 individuals receiving cART, 3472 (34%) had ever received ABC-based cART. Temporal trends of ABC utilization were also heterogeneous, with 28% using ABC in 2009, dropping to 26% in 2010 and increasing to 31% in 2016, and varied across regions and over time. Poisson models showed lower ABC utilization in older individuals, and in those with higher CD4 cell counts, higher cART lines, and prior AIDS. Higher ABC utilization was associated with higher HIV RNA and poor renal function, and was more common in Central-East and Eastern Europe and lowest during 2014. During 779 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) in 2139 individuals starting ABC after 1 January 2009, 113 discontinued ABC within 6 weeks of initiation for any reason [incidence rate (IR) 14.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.1, 17.5) per 100 PYFU], 13 because of reported HSR [IR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1, 1.0) per 100 PYFU] and 35 because of reported HSR/any toxicity [IR 4.5 (95% CI 3.2, 6.3) per 100 PYFU]. There were no factors significantly associated with ABC discontinuation because of reported HSR/any toxicity. CONCLUSIONS ABC remains commonly used across Europe and the incidence of discontinuation because of reported HSR was low in our study population.
Collapse
|
49
|
Isenberg D, Sturgess J, Allen E, Aranow C, Askanase A, Sang-Cheol B, Bernatsky S, Bruce I, Buyon J, Cervera R, Clarke A, Dooley MA, Fortin P, Ginzler E, Gladman D, Hanly J, Inanc M, Jacobsen S, Kamen D, Khamashta M, Lim S, Manzi S, Nived O, Peschken C, Petri M, Kalunian K, Rahman A, Ramsey-Goldman R, Romero-Diaz J, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Steinsson K, Sturfelt G, Urowitz M, van Vollenhoven R, Wallace DJ, Zoma A, Merrill J, Gordon C. Study of Flare Assessment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Paper Patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 70:98-103. [PMID: 28388813 PMCID: PMC5767751 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the level of agreement of disease flare severity (distinguishing severe, moderate, and mild flare and persistent disease activity) in a large paper‐patient exercise involving 988 individual cases of systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods A total of 988 individual lupus case histories were assessed by 3 individual physicians. Complete agreement about the degree of flare (or persistent disease activity) was obtained in 451 cases (46%), and these provided the reference standard for the second part of the study. This component used 3 flare activity instruments (the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group [BILAG] 2004, Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment [SELENA] flare index [SFI] and the revised SELENA flare index [rSFI]). The 451 patient case histories were distributed to 18 pairs of physicians, carefully randomized in a manner designed to ensure a fair case mix and equal distribution of flare according to severity. Results The 3‐physician assessment of flare matched the level of flare using the 3 indices, with 67% for BILAG 2004, 72% for SFI, and 70% for rSFI. The corresponding weighted kappa coefficients for each instrument were 0.82, 0.59, and 0.74, respectively. We undertook a detailed analysis of the discrepant cases and several factors emerged, including a tendency to score moderate flares as severe and persistent activity as flare, especially when the SFI and rSFI instruments were used. Overscoring was also driven by scoring treatment change as flare, even if there were no new or worsening clinical features. Conclusion Given the complexity of assessing lupus flare, we were encouraged by the overall results reported. However, the problem of capturing lupus flare accurately is not completely solved.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cahn P, Kaplan R, Sax PE, Squires K, Molina JM, Avihingsanon A, Ratanasuwan W, Rojas E, Rassool M, Bloch M, Vandekerckhove L, Ruane P, Yazdanpanah Y, Katlama C, Xu X, Rodgers A, East L, Wenning L, Rawlins S, Homony B, Sklar P, Nguyen BY, Leavitt R, Teppler H, Cahn PE, Cassetti I, Losso M, Bloch MT, Roth N, McMahon J, Moore RJ, Smith D, Clumeck N, Vanderkerckhove L, Vandercam B, Moutschen M, Baril J, Conway B, Smaill F, Smith GHR, Rachlis A, Walmsley SL, Perez C, Wolff M, Lasso MF, Chahin CE, Velez JD, Sussmann O, Reynes J, Katlama C, Yazdanpanah Y, Ferret S, Durant J, Duvivier C, Poizot-Martin I, Ajana F, Rockstroh JK, Faetkanheuer G, Esser S, Jaeger H, Degen O, Bickel M, Bogner J, Arasteh K, Hartl H, Stoehr A, Rojas EM, Arathoon E, Gonzalez LD, Mejia CR, Shahar E, Turner D, Levy I, Sthoeger Z, Elinav H, Gori A, Monforte AD, Di Perri G, Lazzarin A, Rizzardini G, Antinori A, Celesia BM, Maggiolo F, Chow TS, Lee CKC, Azwa RISR, Mustafa M, Oyanguren M, Castillo RA, Hercilla L, Echiverri C, Maltez F, da Cunha JGS, Neves I, Teofilo E, Serrao R, Nagimova F, Khaertynova I, Orlova-Morozova E, Voronin E, Sotnikov V, Yakovlev AA, Zakharova NG, Tsybakova OA, Botes ME, Mohapi L, Kaplan R, Rassool MS, Arribas JR, Gatell JM, Negredo E, Ortega E, Troya J, Berenguer J, Aguirrebengoa K, Antela A, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Rauch A, Stoeckle M, Sheng WH, Lin HH, Tsai HC, Changpradub D, Avihingsanon A, Kiertiburanakul S, Ratanasuwan W, Nelson MR, Clarke A, Ustianowski A, Winston A, Johnson MA, Asmuth DM, Cade J, Gallant JE, Ruane PJ, Kumar PN, Luque AE, Panther L, Tashima KT, Ward D, Berger DS, Dietz CA, Fichtenbaum C, Gupta S, Mullane KM, Novak RM, Sweet DE, Crofoot GE, Hagins DP, Lewis ST, McDonald CK, DeJesus E, Sloan L, Prelutsky DJ, Rondon JC, Henn S, Scarsella AJ, Morales JO, Ramirez, Santiago L, Zorrilla CD, Saag MS, Hsiao CB. Raltegravir 1200 mg once daily versus raltegravir 400 mg twice daily, with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine, for previously untreated HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. LANCET HIV 2017; 4:e486-e494. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|