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Rashid S, Rashid S, Das P, Singh N, Dash NR, Nayak B, Sati HC, Chauhan SS, Gupta S, Saraya A. Clinical significance of Notch pathway-associated microRNA-107 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37199277 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aim: MicroRNAs associated with the Notch pathway play a critical role in the progression of pancreatic carcinoma. Our aim was to study the clinical significance of miR-107 and NOTCH2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: The circulating miR-107 levels in PDAC and controls were determined by qPCR. NOTCH2 protein (target) expression in tissue of PDAC, periampullary carcinoma, chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The circulating miR-107 levels were found to be significantly reduced in PDAC as compared with controls. Additionally, NOTCH2 protein expression was higher in PDAC tissue as compared with controls and was clinically associated with metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the utility of circulating miR-107 as a potential differentiating marker in PDAC.
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Gupta A, Gamangatti S, Sharma S, Gopi S, Hemachandran N, Saraya A. Aberrant Collaterals in Cirrhosis and Challenges in its Management. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:542-546. [PMID: 37250884 PMCID: PMC10213843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Portosystemic collateral formation in cirrhotic patients plays an essential role in the natural history of patients. A thorough understanding of collateral anatomy and hemodynamics in cirrhosis, it is important to envisage diagnosis and outcomes of portal hypertension. The understanding of the patterns of aberrant portosystemic collateral channels has important implications both for the clinician and the interventionist. In this case report, our patient presented to us with the formation of aberrant collaterals at the site of subcostal hernia for which he underwent a mesh repair eight years back. The technical challenges in the management of shunt closure of these aberrant collaterals were discussed.
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Gopi S, Saraya A, Gunjan D. Nutrition in acute pancreatitis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:534-543. [PMID: 37206070 PMCID: PMC10190733 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) has varying severity, and moderately severe and severe AP has prolonged hospitalization and requires multiple interventions. These patients are at risk of malnutrition. There is no proven pharmacotherapy for AP, however, apart from fluid resuscitation, analgesics, and organ support, nutrition plays an important role in the management of AP. Oral or enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred route of nutrition in AP, however, in a subset of patients, parenteral nutrition is required. EN has various physiological benefits and decreases the risk of infection, intervention, and mortality. There is no proven role of probiotics, glutamine supplementation, antioxidants, and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with AP.
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Sharma P, Kaushik V, Saraya A, Sharma R. Aberrant Expression of FGFRL1 in Esophageal Cancer and Its Regulation by miR-107. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1331-1341. [PMID: 37116156 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.4.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptors are growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, exerting their roles in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and development of cancer. However, little is known about the expression and function of FGFRL1 in esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS We systematically evaluated the expression of FGFRL1 in TCGA and GETex datasets followed by expression analysis in EC cell lines and clinical specimens using immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) respectively. RESULTS GEPIA analysis on TCGA and GETex datasets identified significant upregulation of FGFRL1 in EC patients (n=182) compared to normal controls (n=286, p<0.05). IHC analysis showed significantly higher FGFRL1 expression in EC tissues as compared to the distant matched non-malignant tissues (p<0.001). Immunoflourescence in EC cells suggested increased expression of FGFRL1 from WDSCC (KYSE30) to MDSCC (KYSE140) and finally to PDSCC (KYSE410). In-silico tools predicted miR-107 as most significant miRNA regulating FGFRL1 expression. qRT-PCR revealed miR-107 expression to be significantly and inversely correlated with FGFRL1 expression in 73% (22/30) EC tissues (p=0.015) and over-expression of miR-107 resulted in significantly decreased expression of FGFRL1 at mRNA (fold change=0.11, p=0.0016) as well as protein level in miR-107 versus NC treated cells. Luciferase reporter assay using FGFRL1-3'UTR further confirmed it to be a direct target of miR-107. CONCLUSION Our results herein document clinical as well as functional relevance of FGFRL1 in EC and its regulation by miR-107.
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Singh N, Rashid S, Rashid S, Sati HC, Gupta S, Vaswani M, Saraya A. Genetic polymorphisms in phase II metabolizing enzymes in alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis: Indian scenario. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:199-208. [PMID: 37148525 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study polymorphisms in glutathione-S-transferases (GST-T1, GST-M1, GST-P1) and uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyl-transferases (UGT1A7) genes and the risk of developing chronic pancreatitis (CP) associated with these polymorphisms. METHODS This study included 49 alcoholic and 51 idiopathic chronic pancreatitis patients, 50 alcohol addicts and 50 healthy controls. Polymorphism(s) in GST-T1 and GST-M1 genes were assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while PCR-radiofrequency lesioning (RFLP) was employed to assess the same in GST-P1 and UGT1A7 genes. The differences in polymorphism frequency between groups and the risk of developing pancreatitis were assessed by the odds ratio. RESULTS Strong association of the null genotype of GST-T1 with CP susceptibility was observed. Alcoholics with the Val allele of GST-P1 have higher chances of having pancreatitis. Idiopathic pancreatitis patients with higher age at the onset of pain were found to have the null genotype of GST-M1. CONCLUSION Alcoholics with the null genotype of the GST-T1 gene and the Valine allele of the GST-P1 gene are at a higher risk of developing CP. Thus, genotyping of these genes may serve as an important screening tool for the identification of high-risk groups among alcoholics.
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Gopi S, Singh N, Yegurla J, Tabish M, Agarwal S, Qamar S, Gunjan D, Saraya A. Utility of Fecal Elastase-1 to diagnose severe exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis: Real world experience. Pancreatology 2023; 23:151-157. [PMID: 36610873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitative fecal fat estimation is the gold standard test to diagnose steatorrhea (fecal fat >7 g/day) in chronic pancreatitis (CP), but cumbersome and inconvenient. So, fecal elastase-1 (FE) is proposed as a good alternative but the data on the diagnostic utility of FE to diagnose steatorrhea is variable. METHODS This retrospective study included adult CP patients evaluated with both 24-h fecal-fat and FE tests within a 3-month period. The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FE to diagnose steatorrhea and to evaluate the FE progression over 9-month period. RESULTS Among the 147 included patients, the frequency of steatorrhea (fecal fat >7 g/day) was 34%. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative likelihood ratio (LR) of FE was 90%, 28.9% and 0.35 at cut-off of <100 μg/g stool to diagnose steatorrhea; and 96%, 11.3% and 0.35 at cut-off of <200 μg/g stool, respectively. The optimal cut-off of FE was <20 on receiver operating characteristic curve (sensitivity 66%; specificity 69%; positive LR 2.14). There was no statistically significant variation in FE levels over 9 months interval among a hundred patients. CONCLUSION Compared to FE ≥ 200 μg/g stool, FE ≥ 100 can used to exclude steatorrhea (better specificity and negative LR). FE < 20 alone cannot replace fecal fat estimation to confirm steatorrhea but to be interpreted with clinical features. Repeat FE testing for exocrine insufficiency progression can be done at least a year later.
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Rana R, Sharma S, Ahmed S, Gupta A, Jun WY, Gunjan D, Saraya A. Evaluating the Practice of Prescribing Beta-blockers in Compensated Cirrhosis by Gastroenterologists in the Asia Pacific Region. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:380-383. [PMID: 36950496 PMCID: PMC10025586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) have a role in the management of portal hypertension. They are currently advocated in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) based on Baveno-VII consensus. Current survey aimed to evaluate the practice and perceptions of prescribing NSBBs in portal hypertension by gastroenterologists and hepatologists in Asia-Pacific region in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Out of 1500 gastroenterologists approached in the region, 328 gastroenterologists responded and completed the survey. 75% of the respondents were found not to be following practice of evaluating CSPH as they prescribed NSBBs in patients of compensated cirrhosis with high-risk varices only. Major concerns raised were non-availability of hepatic venous pressure gradient and reliable non-invasive tests as surrogate of CSPH to adapt PREDESCI methodology. While 56.7% used carvedilol as the preferred NSBB to treat patients with compensated cirrhosis, 43.3% used propranolol. This survey assessed the real-world scenario of prescribing NSBBs among practicing gastroenterologists/hepatologists in patients with compensated cirrhosis.
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Mundhra S, Mohta S, Gamanagatti S, Sharma S, Hemachandran N, Saraya A. Recanalized Paraumbilical Vein Leading to Hepatic Myelopathy Causing Spastic Paraparesis in a Patient with Chronic Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:372-376. [PMID: 36950497 PMCID: PMC10025748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 34-year-old male visited our hospital with complaints of recurrent episodes of altered behavior since past 6 months along with difficulty in walking since past 3 months. He was diagnosed of chronic liver disease in the past. Examination revealed spasticity and brisk deep tendon reflexes in both the lower limbs. His blood investigations and spinal cord imaging was normal. Based on his clinical features, a possibility of portosystemic shunting leading to portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) and shunt myelopathy was suspected. A computed tomography portography showed a recanalized paraumblical vein draining portal blood into external iliac veins. Patient underwent shunt occlusion (Figure- 2). One month after the procedure, while there was no recurrence of symptoms of PSE, those of myelopathy remained unchanged. Shunt myelopathy is a rare complication of spontaneous or iatrogenic portosystemic shunts. Unlike PSE, the management of shunt myelopathy is uncertain due to limited evidence. Limited evidence suggests reversal of myelopathy after early shunt occlusion, highlighting the irreversible changes that may set in spinal cord due to delayed diagnosis. Our case highlights an important but a rare complication of portosystemic shunting in chronic liver disease which should be kept in mind if these patients develop symptoms attributable to spinal cord disease.
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Walia D, Saraya A, Gunjan D. COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease – predictors of outcomes. World J Virol 2023; 12:30-43. [PMID: 36743659 PMCID: PMC9896592 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease (CLD) in various ways. The maximum impact was seen on patients with underlying cirrhosis who have shown to have poor clinical outcomes in the form of increased risk of hepatic decompensation, acute-on-chronic liver failure, and even mortality. It is of paramount importance to identify various factors which are associated with unfavorable outcomes for prognostication and making informed management strategy. Many factors have been evaluated in different studies in patients with underlying CLD. Some of these factors include the severity of underlying chronic liver disease, comorbid conditions, age, and severity of COVID-19. Overall, the outcomes are not fav-orable in patients with cirrhosis as evidenced by data from various studies. The main purpose of this review is to identify the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes including mortality in patients with CLD for risk stratification, prognostication, and appropriate clinical management.
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Agarwal S, Goswami P, Poudel S, Gunjan D, Singh N, Yadav R, Kumar U, Pandey G, Saraya A. Acute pancreatitis is characterized by generalized intestinal barrier dysfunction in early stage. Pancreatology 2023; 23:9-17. [PMID: 36509643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of intestinal-barrier in acute pancreatitis(AP) is poorly understood. We aimed to assess structural and functional changes in the intestinal-barrier in patients with early AP (time from onset<2 weeks) and the effect of enteral nutrition on them. METHODS In this prospective observational study, patients with early AP not on enteral nutrition were compared with controls for baseline intestinal-permeability(lactulose: mannitol ratio(L:M)), endotoxinemia(serum IgM/IgG anti-endotoxin antibodies), bacterial-translocation(serum bacterial 16S rRNA) and duodenal epithelial tight-junction structure by immunohistochemistry(IHC) for tight-junction proteins(claudin-2,-3,-4, zonula occludens-1(ZO1), junctional adhesion molecule(JAM) and occludin) and electron microscopy. These parameters were reassessed after 2 weeks enteral feeding in a AP patients subset. RESULTS 96 patients with AP(age: 38.0 ± 14.5 years; etiology: biliary[46.8%]/alcohol[39.6%]; severe:53.2%, mortality:11.4%) and 40 matched controls were recruited. Patients with AP had higher baseline intestinal permeability(median L:M 0.176(IQR 0.073-0.376) vs 0.049(0.024-0.075) in controls; p < 0.001) and more frequent bacteraemia(positive bacterial 16S rRNA in 24/48 AP vs 0/21 controls; p < 0.001) with trend towards higher serum endotoxinemia(median IgG anti-endotoxin 78(51.2-171.6) GMU/ml vs 51.2(26.16-79.2) in controls; p = 0.061). Claudin-2, claudin-3, ZO1 were downregulated in both duodenal crypts and villi while claudin-4 and JAM were downregulated in duodenal villi and crypts respectively. 22 AP patients reassessed after initiation of enteral nutrition showed trend towards improving intestinal permeability, serum endotoxinemia and bacteraemia, with significant improvement in claudin-2,-3 in duodenal villi. CONCLUSION Patients with AP have significant disturbances in intestinal barrier structure and function in first 2 weeks from onset that persist despite institution of enteral nutrition.
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Wong YJ, Zhaojin C, Tosetti G, Degasperi E, Sharma S, Agarwal S, Chuan L, Huak CY, Jia L, Xiaolong Q, Saraya A, Primignani M. Baveno-VII criteria to predict decompensation and initiate non-selective beta-blocker in compensated advanced chronic liver disease patients. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:135-145. [PMID: 36064306 PMCID: PMC9845679 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The utility of Baveno-VII criteria of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patient needs validation. We aim to validate the performance of CSPH criteria to predict the risk of decompensation in an international real-world cohort of cACLD patients. METHODS cACLD patients were stratified into three categories (CSPH excluded, grey zone, and CSPH). The risks of decompensation across different CSPH categories were estimated using competing risk regression for clustered data, with death and hepatocellular carcinoma as competing events. The performance of "treating definite CSPH" strategy to prevent decompensation using non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) was compared against other strategies in decision curve analysis. RESULTS One thousand one hundred fifty-nine cACLD patients (36.8% had CSPH) were included; 7.2% experienced decompensation over a median follow-up of 40 months. Non-invasive assessment of CSPH predicts a 5-fold higher risk of liver decompensation in cACLD patients (subdistribution hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.0-7.4). "Probable CSPH" is suboptimal to predict decompensation risk in cACLD patients. CSPH exclusion criteria reliably exclude cACLD patients at risk of decompensation, regardless of etiology. Among the grey zone, the decompensation risk was negligible among viral-related cACLD, but was substantially higher among the non-viral cACLD group. Decision curve analysis showed that "treating definite CSPH" strategy is superior to "treating all varices" or "treating probable CSPH" strategy to prevent decompensation using NSBB. CONCLUSION Non-invasive assessment of CSPH may stratify decompensation risk and the need for NSBB in cACLD patients.
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Jindal A, Agarwal S, Sharma S, Kumar M, Saraya A, Sarin SK. Assessment of the Performance of Non-invasive Criteria for the Evaluation of Clinically Significant Portal Hypertension in Patients with Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:2149-2157. [PMID: 36562888 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) non-invasively using a combination of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and platelet counts is proposed as an alternative to hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) estimation. Utility of these criteria in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patients of different etiologies including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with BMI > 30 kg/m2 was studied in a large cohort. METHODS Consecutive patients of cACLD with available anthropometric and laboratory details, LSM, and HVPG were included in a retrospective analysis. A LSM of ≥ 25 kPa alone and LSM ≤ 15 kPa plus platelets ≥ 150 × 109/L were evaluated as non-invasive rule-in and rule-out criteria for CSPH, respectively. The NASH-ANTICPATE model (composite of BMI, platelets, and LSM) was evaluated in patients with obese NASH. RESULTS Patients with cACLD (n = 626) (mean age: 50.8 ± 12.4 years, 74.2% males) with alcohol (ALD, 30.3%), NASH (26.4%), hepatitis C (HCV, 16.6%), hepatitis B (HBV,10.2%) etiology were included. The prevalence of CSPH was > 80% across all etiologies except in HBV (62.5%) and in obese non-NASH (71-72%). The rule-in criteria had a PPV > 90% for all etiologies except in HBV (80.8%). The rule-out criteria had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 65%, 53%, and 40% in ALD, HCV, and NASH, respectively. The NASH-ANTCIPATE model had specificity of 100% and NPV of 33% to detect CSPH in obese NASH (n = 62). CONCLUSIONS LSM ≥ 25 kPa predicted CSPH in most etiologies except HBV. A significant proportion of patients have CSPH despite satisfying the rule-out criteria. The NASH-ANTICIPATE model is specific but fails to exclude CSPH in nearly two-third patients with obesity and NASH. There is a need for precise disease-specific non-invasive models for detecting CSPH.
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Sharma S, Agarwal S, Madhu D, Rana R, Gupta A, Gopi S, Gunjan D, Saraya A. Distinct course of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis with gastric variceal bleeding as their first decompensation: a propensity score-matched study. Hepatol Int 2022; 17:427-433. [PMID: 36534299 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Limited data exist on course of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis with gastric variceal (GV) bleeding as their index decompensation. We evaluated long-term outcomes in this subgroup and compared them with a propensity score-matched cohort of patients with esophageal variceal (EV) bleeding. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis with GVs (IGV-1 and GOV-2) bleeding as their index decompensation were analyzed in this retrospective study. Incidence of new-onset clinical decompensations and survival were estimated and compared with a cohort of patients with EVs bleeding matched for etiology and disease severity using competing risk analysis. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of patients with GVs related bleeding (n = 51) (mean age-48.1 ± 12.9 years, 80% males, non-viral cirrhosis: 80.3%) were similar to the cohort of EVs bleeding (n = 51) (mean age-45.9 ± 14.2, 88% males, non-viral cirrhosis: 78.4%). The 1-year and 3-year rates of new-onset ascites were (17.9%, 34.2%) and (23.9%, 49%) in patients with GVs and EVs related index bleeding, respectively (Gray's test, p = 0.035). The 1-year and 3 year rate of rebleed was (35.6%, 46.3%) and (13.9%, 35.7%) in patients with GVs and EVs related index bleeding, respectively (Gray's test, p = 0.1). While overall survival was similar across both the groups (GV: 29.6% vs EV: 21.6%, p = 0.495), rebleeding-related deaths occurred exclusively in patients with GV (rebleeding-related deaths: GV: 40% vs EVs: 0%; non-bleeding liver-related deaths: GV: 60% vs EV: 100%; p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Rebleeding predominates the course of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis presenting with GVs related bleeding, whereas ascites is the most significant event on follow-up in those with EVs related bleeding.
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Kumar S, Nadda N, Paul S, Gamanagatti S, Dash NR, Vanamail P, Saraya A, Shalimar, Nayak B. Evaluation of the cell-free DNA integrity index as a liquid biopsy marker to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic liver disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1024193. [PMID: 36483538 PMCID: PMC9723134 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1024193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in the majority of patients with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD) of viral and non-viral etiologies, which requires screening for early HCC diagnosis. Liquid biopsy holds great promise now for early detection, prognosis, and assessment of response to cancer therapy. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a liquid biopsy marker can be easily detected by a real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for a change in its concentration, integrity, and fragmentation in cancer. Methods: Patients with HCC (n = 100), CLD (n = 100), and healthy (n = 30) controls were included in the study. The cfDNA was isolated from serum and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was carried out using primer pairs for large (>205 bp) and small (110 bp) fragments of repetitive elements (ALU and LINE1) and housekeeping genes (β-Actin and GAPDH). Total cfDNA concentrations and integrity index were determined by the absolute quantitation method (L/S ratio or cfDII-integrity). The cfDII as a measure of fragmentation was determined by comparative Ct (2-ΔΔCt) method of relative quantification (cfDII-fragmentation). Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, cfDII-integrity and cfDII-fragmentation were used to differentiate HCC from CLD patients or healthy controls. Results: The total cfDNA concentrations in the sera of HCC (244 ng/ml) patients were significantly higher than those of CLD (33 ng/ml) patients and healthy (16.88 ng/ml) controls. HCC patients have shown poor DNA integrity or excess cfDNA fragmentation than CLD patients and healthy controls. The cfDII-integrity of GAPDH and ALU fragment significantly differentiate HCC from CLD at AUROC 0.72 and 0.67, respectively. The cfDII-fragmentation following normalization with cfDNA of healthy control has shown significant differential capabilities of HCC from CLD at AUROC 0.67 using GAPDH and 0.68 using the ALU element. The ROC curve of LINE1 and β-actin cfDII was not found significant for any of the above methods. The cfDII-fragmentation trend in HCC patients of different etiologies was similar indicating increased cfDNA fragmentation irrespective of its etiology. Conclusion: The cfDII measuring both DNA integrity (L/S ratio) and fragmentation of the Alu and GAPDH genes can differentiate HCC from CLD patients and healthy individuals.
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Mishra B, Sachan A, Bal C, Srivastava AK, Seth A, Narwal A, Sharma MC, Kaushal S, Saraya A, Pandit AK. An Atypical Case of Dermatomyositis Associated with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:1248-1250. [PMID: 36911468 PMCID: PMC9996504 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_748_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
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Mohta S, Sharma S, Saraya A. Decompensation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Multihit Hypothesis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:2415-2416. [PMID: 34808371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sharma R, Pandey P, Srivastava A, Pasbola K, Saraya A, Dash N. 65P MicroRNA profiles associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Roy N, Nadda N, Kumar H, Prasad C, Kumar Jha J, Pandey HC, Vanamail P, Saraya A, Balhara YPS, Shalimar, Nayak B. Pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene polymorphisms in alcohol use disorder patients and its Influence on liver disease susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975027. [PMID: 36238273 PMCID: PMC9551314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) leading to liver disease is major concern over other spectrum of disorder. Excessive alcohol consumption resulting in leaky gut syndrome is attributed to alcohol-induced liver injury through portal translocation of bacterial endotoxin. Susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in AUD patients could be dependent upon genes responsible for inflammation and alcohol metabolism. The pattern recognition receptor CD14 gene is a major player in endotoxin-mediated inflammation and susceptibility to ALD. This study investigated the genetic association of CD14 polymorphisms and other mechanisms relevant to altered inflammatory responses leading to ALD. Methods Patients with alcohol use disorder with ALD (n = 128) and without liver disease (ALC, n = 184) and controls without alcohol use disorder (NALC, n = 152) from North India were enrolled. The CD4 gene polymorphisms in the North Indian population were evaluated by RFLP and sequencing. Secretory CD14 (sCD14), LBP, TLR4, MD2, TNFα, IL1b, IFNγ, IL6, IL10, and IL4 levels in serum were measured by ELISA among groups. The influence of polymorphisms on CD14 gene promoter activity and circulatory bacterial DNA level was determined. Results The CD14 gene promoter and exonic region SNPs were found to be monomorphic, except for SNP rs2569190 for the North Indian population. The genetic association of SNP rs2569190(C/T) with the risk of developing ALD was found significant for TT genotype [ORTT, 95% CI = 2.19, 1.16–4.13 for ALD vs. ALC and OR, 2.09, 1.18–3.72 for ALD vs. NALC]. An increased sCD14 level was observed in AUD patients compared to NALC control. Increased levels of LBP, TLR4, TNFα, IL1β, IFNγ, and IL6 and reduced levels of MD2, IL10, and IL4 were observed among the ALD patients compared to the other two control groups. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the risk genotype TT groups of ALD patients and the ALC group compared to NALC. Promoter activity was observed in the intronic region flanking SNPs and risk genotype can influence reporter activity, indicating CD14 gene expression. Conclusion Enhanced CD14 expression associated with inflammatory responses increases susceptibility to ALD in the TT genotype of AUD patients.
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Hasan R, Srivastava G, Alyass A, Sharma R, Saraya A, Chattopadhyay TK, DattaGupta S, Walfish PG, Chauhan SS, Ralhan R. Prediction of recurrence free survival for esophageal cancer patients using a protein signature based risk model. Oncotarget 2022; 13:1020-1032. [PMID: 36128326 PMCID: PMC9477219 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers to predict the risk of disease recurrence in Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients are urgently needed to improve treatment. We developed proteins expression-based risk model to predict recurrence free survival for ESCC patients. METHODS Alterations in Wnt pathway components expression and subcellular localization were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 80 ESCCs, 61 esophageal dysplastic and 47 normal tissues; correlated with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome over 86 months by survival analysis. Significant prognostic factors were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Biomarker signature score based on cytoplasmic β-catenin, nuclear c-Myc, nuclear DVL and membrane α-catenin was associated with recurrence free survival [Hazard ratio = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.17), p < 0.001, C-index = 0.68] and added significant prognostic value over clinical parameters (p < 0.001). The inclusion of Slug further improved prognostic utility (p < 0.001, C-index = 0.71). Biomarker Signature Scoreslug improved risk classification abilities for clinical outcomes at 3 years, accurately predicting recurrence in 79% patients in 1 year and 97% in 3 years in high risk group; 73% patients within low risk group did not have recurrence in 1 year, with AUC of 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive risk model predictive for recurrence allowed us to determine the robustness of our biomarker panel in stratification of ESCC patients at high or low risk of disease recurrence; high risk patients are stratified for more rigorous personalized treatment while the low risk patients may be spared from harmful side effects of toxic therapy.
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Hussain S, Rani J, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Nazir SU, Srivastava A, Khan A, Dash NR, Saraya A, Das BC. Influence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sharma N, Das P, Das R, Mahant S, Kalaivani M, Yadav R, Rajeshwari M, Kedia S, Makharia GK, Saraya A, Gupta SD, Ahuja V. Correlation of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotype & severity of mucosal inflammation in gastric biopsies from two geographically diverse regions in India. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:535-544. [PMID: 35900479 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_565_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H. pylori-associated gastritis in patients from the high-altitude area of Ladakh showed severe gastritis, mucosal nodularity, atrophy, and cancer in comparison to those from North India. This study served to analyze if differences in the H. pylori virulence genotypes decide the extent of gastric mucosal inflammation. METHODS Fifty gastric biopsies each from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis from Ladakh and a tertiary care center in North India were included. The presence of H. pylori strain was confirmed with Warthin starry stain and polymerase chain amplification of the H. pylori-specific 16S rRNA. The cagA, vacA s1, s2, and m1, m2 alleles, and dupA virulence genotypes were studied in all archival samples, followed by their histological correlations. RESULTS cagA (P 0.009) and vacAs1 m1 (P 0.009) genes were distinctly more in H. pylori strains colonizing the biopsies of North Indian patients. In contrast, the cagA -ve vacAs2 m2 strains were significantly more in H. pylori strain colonizing the biopsies from Ladakhi patients. dupA genotype was almost similarly present in strains from both regions. Among these, only cagA and dupA virulence genes were associated with severe mucosal neutrophilic activity and deep infiltration of H. pylori strains in North Indian patients. CONCLUSIONS Differences in virulence genotypes of H. pylori in gastric biopsies from North Indian and Ladakhi patients were found not significant in deciding the severity of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Agarwal N, Mahey R, Kulshrestha V, Kriplani A, Saraya A, Sachdev V. Serum Bile Acids in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), Versus Pregnant and Nonpregnant Controls in Asian Indian Women and a Proposed Scoring to Optimize Management in ICP. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2022; 72:218-224. [DOI: 10.1007/s13224-021-01501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Mohta S, Anand A, Sharma S, Qamar S, Agarwal S, Gunjan D, Singh N, Madhusudhan KS, Pandey RM, Saraya A. Randomised clinical trial: effect of adding branched chain amino acids to exercise and standard-of-care on muscle mass in cirrhotic patients with sarcopenia. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:680-690. [PMID: 35469091 PMCID: PMC9037580 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in improving muscle mass in cirrhosis is presently debatable. AIMS To evaluate the role of BCAA in improving muscle mass in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients with cirrhosis having sarcopenia. METHODS Consecutive patients with cirrhosis with Child-Pugh score < 10 and sarcopenia were randomized to receive either 12 g/day of BCAA orally or a placebo (1:1) for 6 months in addition to a home-based exercise program (30 min/day), dietary counselling and standard medical therapy. Sarcopenia was defined according to gender-specific axial skeletal muscle index (SMI) cut-offs. The primary endpoint was a change in muscle mass based on CT scan (SMI) after 6 months of supplementation. RESULTS Sixty patients [mean age 41.6 ± 9.9 years; males (66.6%) of predominantly viral (40%) and alcohol-related (31.7%) cirrhosis] were randomized. Baseline clinical and demographic characters were similar except MELD score (10.2 ± 2.8 vs. 12.2 ± 3.5, p = 0.02) and calorie intake (1838.1 kcal ± 631.5 vs. 2217.5 kcal ± 707.3, p = 0.03), both being higher in the placebo arm. After adjusting for both baseline confounders, baseline SMI and protein intake, the change in SMI at 6 months was similar in both groups [mean adjusted difference (MAD) + 0.84, CI - 2.9; + 1.2, p = 0.42] by intention-to-treat analysis. The secondary outcomes including change in handgrip strength (p = 0.65), 6-m gait speed (p = 0.20), 6-min walk distance (p = 0.39) were similar in both arms. Four patients had minor adverse events in each arm. CONCLUSION Addition of BCAA to exercise, dietary counselling and standard medical therapy did not improve muscle mass in patients with cirrhosis having sarcopenia. (CTRI/2019/05/019269). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2019/05/019269 (Clinical Trials Registry of India).
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Grover I, Gunjan D, Singh N, Saraya A. Response to Medda et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:814. [PMID: 35311798 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Agarwal S, Sharma S, Jindal A, Singh S, Jagdish R, Gunjan D, Sarin SK, Saraya A. Application of Noninvasive Tools to Decide the Need for Beta-Blockers for Variceal Bleeding Prophylaxis in Compensated Advanced Liver Disease: A Decision Curve Analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:917-926. [PMID: 35677505 PMCID: PMC9168689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Noninvasive tools (NITs) reliably categorise patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) into high-risk and low-risk group for harbouring varices needing treatment. Here, we assess the ability of these NITs to predict the need for nonselective beta-blockers at baseline based on risk of variceal bleeding (VB) on follow-up. Methods This was a retrospective multicentre analysis of patients with cACLD categorised at baseline into different risk groups by NITs (Baveno-VI, expanded Baveno-VI, platelet-albumin, platelet-model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and anticipate study platelet criteria) and by endoscopy (high risk vs low risk/no varices). VB event rates on follow-up were estimated in different risk strata. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to estimate the benefit of administering nonselective beta-blockers (NSBB) using NITs over endoscopic classification at different threshold probabilities of VB event rates and estimating the number needed to treat (NNT) to identify one additional bleeder over endoscopy. Results A total of 1284 patients (mean age: 44.7 ± 13.5 years, 72.4% males) of hepatitis B (29.2%), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (24.9%), hepatitis C (20.1%), and alcohol (17.5%)-related cACLD were included with 323 (25.2%) having high-risk varices. Ninety-eight (7.6%) patients developed VB over a median follow-up of 20 (9-35) months. The 1-year and 3-year rate of VB with all NITs was 5.7-7.4% and 13.2-16.4% among high-risk and 0-2.3% and 0-5% among low-risk subgroups, respectively (P < 0.001) in both viral and nonviral aetiologies. Among patients classified as low risk on Baveno-VI criteria, none developed VB on follow-up. At thresholds of <3% event rate of VB, Baveno-VI (NNT-176), platelet-albumin (NNT-576) and anticipate platelet (NNT-233) criteria were superior, whereas endoscopic stratification was superior above this event rate on DCA. Conclusions The use of both elastography and blood-based NITs at baseline can accurately identify the need for NSBB for VB prophylaxis in patients of cACLD on follow-up.
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Key Words
- Baveno-VI
- DCA, Decision curve analysis
- EBL, Endoscopic band ligation
- HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HE, Hepatic encephalopathy
- HRVs, High risk varices
- LRVs, Low risk varices
- LSM, Liver stiffness measurement
- NITs, Non-invasive tools
- NNT, Number needed to treat
- NSBB, Non-selective beta blockers
- PVT, Portal venous thrombosis
- VB, Variceal bleeding
- VNT, Varices needing treatment
- cACLD, Compensated advanced chronic liver disease
- decision thresholds
- noninvasive tools
- variceal bleeding
- varices needing treatment
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