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George A, Dahlen HG, Blinkhorn A, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Ellis S, Yeo A, Elcombe E, Sadozai A, Johnson M. Measuring oral health during pregnancy: sensitivity and specificity of a maternal oral screening (MOS) tool. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:347. [PMID: 27829388 PMCID: PMC5103484 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midwives can play a key role in promoting the oral health of pregnant women and assessing their oral health status. A maternal oral assessment tool (MOS) was developed and pilot tested by the study investigators to assist midwives in this role and the results were promising. The aim of this study was to undertake further sensitivity and specificity assessment of the MOS tool using two-comparison approaches- the longer oral health screening tool known as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and an oral assessment by trained study dentists. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited for this study as part of a larger randomised controlled trial of a Midwifery Initiated Oral Health (MIOH) program. Pregnant women completed the MOS and OHIP-14 as part of their initial assessment undertaken by 38 trained and accredited midwives. A dental assessment was conducted for all women in the intervention group using three trained study dentists with high inter rater reliability. RESULTS Two hundred and eleven pregnant women participated in the validation of the MOS tool. Results from both approaches found the MOS tool to have high sensitivity, correctly identifying 88-94 % of women at risk of poor dental health, and low specificity (14-21 %). CONCLUSIONS This study has shown that the MOS tool can be successfully implemented by midwives during a woman's first antenatal visit and can identify up to 94 % of women at risk of poor oral health and needing a dental referral. The tool has the potential to be transferable to other antenatal care providers and could be incorporated into hospital obstetric database systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12612001271897 , 6th Dec 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Garzo V, Yeo A, Su I, Cook-Andersen H, Meldrum D, Duleba A. High pregnancy rates can be achieved with elective single embryo transfer offered to all patients. Fertil Steril 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tay L, Ding YY, Leung BP, Ismail NH, Yeo A, Yew S, Tay KS, Tan CH, Chong MS. Sex-specific differences in risk factors for sarcopenia amongst community-dwelling older adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:121. [PMID: 26607157 PMCID: PMC5005859 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With considerable variation including potential sex-specific differential rate of skeletal muscle loss, identifying modifiable factors for sarcopenia will be pivotal to guide targeted interventions. This study seeks to identify clinical and biological correlates of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, with emphasis on the role of anabolic and catabolic stimuli, and special reference to gender specificity. In this cross-sectional study involving 200 community-dwelling and functionally independent older adults aged ≥50 years, sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Comorbidities, cognitive and functional performance, physical activity and nutritional status were routinely assessed. Biochemical parameters included haematological indices, lipid panel, vitamin D level, anabolic hormones [insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), free testosterone (males only)] and catabolic markers [inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein) and myostatin]. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors for sarcopenia. Age was associated with sarcopenia in both genders. Malnutrition conferred significantly higher odds for sarcopenia in women (OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.13-28.84.44, p = 0.035) while higher but acceptable range serum triglyceride was protective in men (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.52, p = 0.012). Higher serum myostatin independently associated with higher odds for sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24, p = 0.041). Serum IGF-1 was significantly lower amongst female sarcopenic subjects, with demonstrable trend for protective effect against sarcopenia in multiple regression models, such that each 1 ng/ml increase in IGF-1 was associated with 1% decline in odds of sarcopenia in women (p = 0.095). Our findings support differential pathophysiological mechanisms for sarcopenia that, if corroborated, may have clinical utility in guiding sex-specific targeted interventions for community-dwelling older adults.
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George A, Lang G, Johnson M, Ridge A, de Silva AM, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Blinkhorn A, Dahlen HG, Ellis S, Yeo A, Langdon R, Carpenter L, Heilbrunn-Lang A. The evaluation of an oral health education program for midwives in Australia. Women Birth 2015; 29:208-13. [PMID: 26552339 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal care providers are now recommended to promote oral health during pregnancy and provide dental referrals. However, midwives in Australia are not trained to undertake this role. To address this shortcoming, an online evidence based midwifery initiated oral health (MIOH) education program was systematically developed as a professional development activity. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in improving the oral health knowledge of midwives and assess their confidence to promote maternal oral health post training. METHODS The program was evaluated using a pre-post test design involving 50 midwives purposively recruited from two states in Australia. The pre-post questionnaire contained 24 knowledge items previously pilot tested as well as items exploring confidence in promoting oral health and perceptions of the program. FINDINGS The results showed a significant improvement in the oral health knowledge (↑21.5%, p<0.001) of midwives after completion of the program. The greatest improvement in knowledge occurred in key areas vital in promoting maternal oral health namely the high prevalence of dental problems and its impact on birth and infant outcomes. The majority also reported being confident in introducing oral health into antenatal care (82%) and referring women to dental services (77.6%) after undertaking the education program. CONCLUSION The MIOH education program is a useful resource to equip midwives with the necessary knowledge and skills to promote oral health during pregnancy. The program is accessible and acceptable to midwives and can potentially be transferable to other antenatal care providers.
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Ng D, McClements K, Yeo A, Chen X, Png E, Ng C. Efficacy of supervised exercise training in patients post bariatric surgery. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johnson M, George A, Dahlen H, Ajwani S, Bhole S, Blinkhorn A, Ellis S, Yeo A. The midwifery initiated oral health-dental service protocol: an intervention to improve oral health outcomes for pregnant women. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:2. [PMID: 25588410 PMCID: PMC4324677 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-15-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is emerging that women's poor oral health and health practices during pregnancy are associated with poor oral health in their children and potentially an increased risk of pre-term or low-birth weight infants. METHODS/DESIGN The Midwifery Initiated Oral Health-Dental Service (MIOH-DS) trial is a three arm multicentre randomised controlled trial which will recruit women from three metropolitan hospitals aimed at improving women's oral health and service access and indirectly reducing perinatal morbidity. All three arms of the trial will deliver oral health promotion material, although a midwife oral assessment and referral to private/public/health fund dental services pathway (Intervention Group 1) and the midwife oral assessment and referral to local free public dental services pathway (Intervention Group 2) will be compared to the control group of oral health promotional material only. Midwives will undergo specific oral health education and competency testing to undertake this novel intervention. DISCUSSION This efficacy trial will promote a new partnership between midwives and dentists focused on enhancing the oral health of women and their infants. Should the intervention be found effective, this intervention, with existing on-line educational program for midwives, can be easily transferred into practice for large metropolitan health services within and beyond Australia. Further cost-benefit analysis is proposed to inform national health policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612001271897.
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Seo Y, Ji YW, Lee SM, Shim J, Noh H, Yeo A, Park C, Park MS, Chang EJ, Lee HK. Activation of HIF-1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1α) prevents dry eye-induced acinar cell death in the lacrimal gland. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1309. [PMID: 24967971 PMCID: PMC4611733 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of immune-mediated lacrimal gland (LG) dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome has been thoroughly studied. However, the majority of dry eye (DE) is not related to Sjögren type, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine and investigate the protective mechanisms against DE stress in mice. DE induced prominent blood vessel loss without apoptosis or necrosis in the LG. Autophagic vacuoles, distressed mitochondria, and stressed endoplasmic reticulum were observed via electron microscopy. Immunoblotting confirmed the increase in autophagic markers. Glycolytic activities were enhanced with increasing levels of succinate and malate that, in turn, activated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Interestingly, the areas of stable HIF-1α expression overlapped with COX-2 and MMP-9 upregulation in LGs of DE-induced mice. We generated HIF-1α conditional knockout (CKO) mice in which HIF-1α expression was lost in the LG. Surprisingly, normal LG polarities and morphologies were completely lost with DE induction, and tremendous acinar cell apoptosis was observed. Similar to Sjögren's syndrome, CD3+ and CD11b+ cells infiltrated HIF-1α CKO LGs. Our results show that DE induced the expression of HIF-1α that activated autophagy signals to prevent further acinar cell damage and to maintain normal LG function.
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Ko V, Naylor J, Harris I, Crosbie J, Yeo A, Mittal R. One-to-one therapy is not superior to group or home-based therapy after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, superiority trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2013; 95:1942-9. [PMID: 24196464 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.l.00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether center-based, one-to-one physical therapy provides superior outcomes compared with group-based therapy or a simple monitored home-based program in terms of functional and physical recovery and health-related quality of life after total knee arthroplasty. METHODS Patients awaiting primary total knee arthroplasty at two Sydney metropolitan hospitals were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, superiority trial preoperatively. At two weeks postoperatively, participants were randomly allocated to one of three six-week treatment programs (twelve one-to-one therapy sessions, twelve group-based therapy sessions, or a monitored home program) with use of a computer-generated sequence. Self-reported outcomes (Oxford Knee Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain and function subscales, and Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Survey) and performance-based functional outcomes were measured over twelve months postoperatively by a blinded assessor. The primary outcome was knee pain and function measured with use of the Oxford Knee Score at ten weeks postoperatively. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-nine patients (eighty-five who had one-to-one therapy, eighty-four who had group-based therapy, and eighty who were in the monitored home program) were randomized and 233 were available for their one-year follow-up assessment. Participants who received one-to-one therapy did not have a superior Oxford Knee Score at week ten compared with those who received the alternative interventions; the median score was 32 points for the one-to-one therapy group, 36 points for the group-based therapy group, and 34 points for the monitored home program group (p = 0.20). Furthermore, one-to-one therapy was not superior compared with group-based therapy or monitored home program in improving any of the secondary outcomes across the first postoperative year. No adverse events were associated with any of the treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS One-to-one therapy does not provide superior self-reported or performance-based outcomes compared with group-based therapy or a monitored home program, in the short term and the long term after total knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Schmied V, Johnson M, Naidoo N, Austin MP, Matthey S, Kemp L, Mills A, Meade T, Yeo A. Maternal mental health in Australia and New Zealand: A review of longitudinal studies. Women Birth 2013; 26:167-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bahrt K, Yeo A, Howson T, Ottery F. SAT0376 Uric Acid Levels as a Biomarker of Efficacy and Safety in Patients Treated with Pegloticase: Lessons Learned from us Clinical Experience. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Malamet R, Howson T, Yeo A, Bahrt K. SAT0355 Real World Risk of Infusion Reactions with Pegloticase Treatment: Findings from Post-Approval us Safety Data. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gutin G, Muciaccia G, Yeo A. (Non-)existence of polynomial kernels for the Test Cover problem. INFORM PROCESS LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipl.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ballal H, Kamyab R, Wood B, Yeo A, Abdul Aziz F. Risk of additional axillary metastases after micrometastases in sentinel lymph node in a Western Australian population. Breast 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kadappu K, Boyd A, Eshoo S, Haluka B, Yeo A, Marwick T, Thomas L. Is Left Atrial Changes in Diabetes Mellitus More Than Diastolic Dysfunction? Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yeo A, Cheok C, Teoh SH, Zhang ZY, Buser D, Bosshardt DD. Lateral ridge augmentation using a PCL-TCP scaffold in a clinically relevant but challenging micropig model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1322-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liaw ST, Taggart J, Dennis S, Yeo A. Data quality and fitness for purpose of routinely collected data--a general practice case study from an electronic practice-based research network (ePBRN). AMIA ... ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS. AMIA SYMPOSIUM 2011; 2011:785-94. [PMID: 22195136 PMCID: PMC3243124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The practice-based research network (PBRN) is a resource to recruit research participants; conduct developmental and pilot studies; and coordinate multicentre research, teaching, clinical care and quality assurance programs. It is a community-based laboratory for translational, clinical and health services research. The mining of clinical information systems of PBRNs can be used to monitor performance at the service unit level. However, are the routinely collected data of ePBRNs fit for the abovementioned purposes? We describe the establishment and governance of an ePBRN which included general practice and community health and hospital units, The general practice data quality was examined, using diabetes as the context, for completeness, correctness and consistency and assessed on its fitness for research, audit and quality assurance purposes. The quality of social determinants data was generally good while risk factors data were variable. Issues and strategies for improving data quality are discussed.
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Yeo A, Wong WJ, Khoo HH, Teoh SH. Surface modification of PCL-TCP scaffolds improve interfacial mechanical interlock and enhance early bone formation: Anin vitroandin vivocharacterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:311-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yeo A, Seck K, Daumer M, Schneider KTM, Pildner von Steinburg S. Charakteristika fetaler und maternaler Signale in der CTG-Aufzeichnung – Eine nicht-interventionelle, deskriptive Analyse von CTG-Daten. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Yeo A, Rai B, Sju E, Cheong JJ, Teoh SH. The degradation profile of novel, bioresorbable PCL-TCP scaffolds: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:208-18. [PMID: 17607768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Degradation studies of scaffolds are important in bone tissue engineering. Previously, novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-20% tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) based scaffolds were developed and proven useful for bone regeneration. In this study in vitro degradation analyses were carried out with the PCL-TCP scaffolds immersed in standard culture medium for 24 weeks. In vivo degradation was performed with the scaffolds implanted in the abdomen of rats for the same period of time. Results demonstrated greater degradation of PCL-TCP scaffolds in vivo than in vitro. At 24 weeks, the increase of average porosity of the scaffolds in vivo was 29.2% compared to 2.65% in vitro. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis revealed a decrease of 29% and 20% respectively in the Mn and Mw values after 24 weeks in vitro. However, a significant decrease in Mn and Mw values (79.6% and 88.7% respectively) were recorded in vivo. The mechanical properties however, were relatively similar and closely match those of cancellous bone even at 24 weeks. The results showed that the scaffold can be used for dentoalveolar reconstruction and PCL-TCP scaffolds have shown to possess the potential to degrade within the desired time period of 5-6 months and favorable mechanical properties.
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Chang S, Fane A, Waite T, Yeo A. Unstable filtration behavior with submerged hollow fiber membranes. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brar R, Ahluwahla G, Yeo A. Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2007.89.8.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Yeo A, Lee C, Pang J. Flip chip solder joint reliability analysis using viscoplastic and elastic-plastic-creep constitutive models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/tcapt.2006.875893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yeo A, Fane AG. Performance of individual fibers in a submerged hollow fiber bundle. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2005; 51:165-72. [PMID: 16003975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber membranes are popular as they have a high specific membrane area. To take advantage of this, it is necessary to pack the fibers into closely packed bundles. The fibers in different positions in the bundle behave differently as they are exposed to different hydrodynamic conditions. In this paper, a 'model' bundle of 9 fibers was tested in a setup which provides flow measurement from individual fibers and the same suction pressure in each fiber. The parameters studied were packing density, cross flow velocity, feed concentration and bubbling. It was found that a low cross flow velocities, high pressures and high feed concentrations, the surrounded (center) fiber performed very poorly compared to the fibers at the corner and the sides. Under these conditions, the overall performance of the bundle was much worse that of a single fiber.
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Yeo A, Boyd P, Lumsden S, Saunders T, Handley A, Stubbins M, Knaggs A, Asquith S, Taylor I, Bahari B, Crocker N, Rallan R, Varsani S, Montgomery D, Alpers DH, Dukes GE, Purvis I, Hicks GA. Association between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women. Gut 2004; 53:1452-8. [PMID: 15361494 PMCID: PMC1774243 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.035451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine, 5-HT) is an important factor in gut function, playing key roles in intestinal peristalsis and secretion, and in sensory signalling in the brain-gut axis. Removal from its sites of action is mediated by a specific protein called the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT or 5-HTT). Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the SERT gene have effects on transcriptional activity, resulting in altered 5-HT reuptake efficiency. It has been speculated that such functional polymorphisms may underlie disturbance in gut function in individuals suffering with disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SERT polymorphisms and the diarrhoea predominant IBS (dIBS) phenotype. SUBJECTS A total of 194 North American Caucasian female dIBS patients and 448 female Caucasian controls were subjected to genotyping. METHODS Leucocyte DNA of all subjects was analysed by polymerase chain reaction based technologies for nine SERT polymorphisms, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter (SERT-P) and the variable tandem repeat in intron 2. Statistical analysis was performed to assess association of any SERT polymorphism allele with the dIBS phenotype. RESULTS A strong genotypic association was observed between the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype and the dIBS phenotype (p = 3.07x10(-5); n = 194). None of the other polymorphisms analysed was significantly associated with the presence of disease. CONCLUSIONS Significant association was observed between dIBS and the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype, suggesting that the serotonin transporter is a potential candidate gene for dIBS in women.
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Wong SK, Chan LP, Yeo A. Helical CT imaging of clinically suspected appendicitis: correlation of CT and histological findings. Clin Radiol 2002; 57:741-5. [PMID: 12169286 DOI: 10.1053/crad.2002.0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The diagnosis of appendicitis is traditionally made on the basis of clinical findings supported by laboratory results. The aim of our study was to determine the accuracy and feasibility of using a relatively new technique of computed tomography (CT) using only colonic contrast medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients clinically diagnosed as having appendicitis were prospectively examined before surgery with thin-collimation helical CT from the L3 level to the acetabular roof with only rectally administered colon contrast medium. The hard copy CT images were reviewed jointly by two radiologists and a consensus was reached for each patient. The results were then compared with the surgical and histological findings at appendicectomy. RESULTS There were 35 true-positives, one false-positive, 12 true-negatives and two false-negatives for CT. This yielded an accuracy of 94%, sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 92%, positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 86%. The appendix was identified in 45 patients (90%) and obscured by an inflammatory mass in the remaining five. An alternative diagnosis was found in 10 of 12 normal CT examinations (83%). CONCLUSION Helical CT with rectal contrast medium is a quick, well tolerated and accurate test to diagnose appendicitis. It can offer alternative, possibly non-surgical diagnosis in patients who would otherwise have undergone laparotomy.
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