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Skelton E, Smith A, Harrison G, Rutherford M, Ayers S, Malamateniou C. “It has been the most difficult time in my career”: A qualitative exploration of UK obstetric sonographers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:582-589. [PMID: 37004376 PMCID: PMC10027955 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Substantial changes were made to the provision of pregnancy ultrasound services during the COVID-19 pandemic with the intention of minimising virus transmission and maintaining service continuity. Published literature describing the impact of the pandemic on obstetric sonographers is predominantly quantitative in nature, however statistics cannot fully convey sonographers’ voices. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of UK obstetric sonographers performing pregnancy ultrasound scans during the pandemic. Methods A UK-wide, online, anonymous cross-sectional survey on Qualtrics XMTM was open to responses between 9th March and 6th May 2021. Whilst this survey contained some quantitative elements, open questions were included to capture additional qualitative detail from respondents about their perceptions and experiences of scanning during the pandemic. Key themes were generated from free text responses using thematic analysis. Results Written responses were received from 111/138 sonographers participating in the survey. Five themes were generated, depicting the impact of the pandemic on obstetric sonographers: 1) continuity in a crisis; 2) decisions about me, without me; 3) battle scars – the lasting damage of COVID-19; 4) what people think I do vs. what I really do; and 5) the human touch. A cross-cutting theme was sonographers’ feelings of disconnection from senior figures and expectant parents which created a sense of abandonment and distrust. Conclusion Survey respondents’ self-reported experiences of ineffective leadership and management, and perceived lack of understanding of the complexity of the sonographer role are potential contributory factors in the high levels of moral injury and occupational burnout reported within the workforce during the pandemic. Implications for practice Moral injury support and healing must be prioritised to enable the recovery of the obstetric ultrasound workforce in the post-pandemic era.
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Miroshnikova YA, Shahbazi MN, Negrete J, Chalut KJ, Smith A. Cell state transitions: catch them if you can. Development 2023; 150:dev201139. [PMID: 36930528 PMCID: PMC10655867 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The Company of Biologists' 2022 workshop on 'Cell State Transitions: Approaches, Experimental Systems and Models' brought together an international and interdisciplinary team of investigators spanning the fields of cell and developmental biology, stem cell biology, physics, mathematics and engineering to tackle the question of how cells precisely navigate between distinct identities and do so in a dynamic manner. This second edition of the workshop was organized after a successful virtual workshop on the same topic that took place in 2021.
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Loh MM, Yaxley N, Moore G, Holmes D, Todd S, Smith A, Macdonald E, Semple S, Cherrie M, Patel M, Hamill R, Leckie A, Dancer SJ, Cherrie JW. Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces in Scottish hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2023; 133:1-7. [PMID: 36473553 PMCID: PMC9721166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still uncertainties in our knowledge of the amount of SARS-CoV-2 virus present in the environment - where it can be found, and potential exposure determinants - limiting our ability to effectively model and compare interventions for risk management. AIM This study measured SARS-CoV-2 in three hospitals in Scotland on surfaces and in air, alongside ventilation and patient care activities. METHODS Air sampling at 200 L/min for 20 min and surface sampling were performed in two wards designated to treat COVID-19-positive patients and two non-COVID-19 wards across three hospitals in November and December 2020. FINDINGS Detectable samples of SARS-CoV-2 were found in COVID-19 treatment wards but not in non-COVID-19 wards. Most samples were below assay detection limits, but maximum concentrations reached 1.7×103 genomic copies/m3 in air and 1.9×104 copies per surface swab (3.2×102 copies/cm2 for surface loading). The estimated geometric mean air concentration (geometric standard deviation) across all hospitals was 0.41 (71) genomic copies/m3 and the corresponding values for surface contamination were 2.9 (29) copies/swab. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in non-patient areas (patient/visitor waiting rooms and personal protective equipment changing areas) associated with COVID-19 treatment wards. CONCLUSION Non-patient areas of the hospital may pose risks for infection transmission and further attention should be paid to these areas. Standardization of sampling methods will improve understanding of levels of environmental contamination. The pandemic has demonstrated a need to review and act upon the challenges of older hospital buildings meeting current ventilation guidance.
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Duran B, Meziani ZE, Joosten S, Jones MK, Prasad S, Peng C, Armstrong W, Atac H, Chudakov E, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Boer M, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Dalton MM, Deokar N, Diefenthaler M, Dunne J, El Fassi L, Fuchey E, Gao H, Gaskell D, Hansen O, Hauenstein F, Higinbotham D, Jia S, Karki A, Keppel C, King P, Ko HS, Li X, Li R, Mack D, Malace S, McCaughan M, McClellan RE, Michaels R, Meekins D, Paolone M, Pentchev L, Pooser E, Puckett A, Radloff R, Rehfuss M, Reimer PE, Riordan S, Sawatzky B, Smith A, Sparveris N, Szumila-Vance H, Wood S, Xie J, Ye Z, Yero C, Zhao Z. Determining the gluonic gravitational form factors of the proton. Nature 2023; 615:813-816. [PMID: 36991189 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the Universe1. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass and spin2. These properties emerge from the complex dynamics of its fundamental constituents-quarks and gluons-described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics3-5. The electric charge and spin of protons, which are shared among the quarks, have been investigated previously using electron scattering2. An example is the highly precise measurement of the electric charge radius of the proton6. By contrast, little is known about the inner mass density of the proton, which is dominated by the energy carried by gluons. Gluons are hard to access using electron scattering because they do not carry an electromagnetic charge. Here we investigated the gravitational density of gluons using a small colour dipole, through the threshold photoproduction of the J/ψ particle. We determined the gluonic gravitational form factors of the proton7,8 from our measurement. We used a variety of models9-11 and determined, in all cases, a mass radius that is notably smaller than the electric charge radius. In some, but not all cases, depending on the model, the determined radius agrees well with first-principle predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamics12. This work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the salient role of gluons in providing gravitational mass to visible matter.
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Bertoncelli Tanaka M, Smith A, Mannion E, Yeung M, Lloyd J, Silvanto A, Asakra R, Winkler M, Ahmed H. Is immunohistochemistry relevant for the diagnosis of prostate cancer? A 2-year retrospective analysis in a single tertiary centre in the UK. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Radley A, Corujo-Simon E, Nichols J, Smith A, Dunn SJ. Entropy sorting of single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals the inner cell mass in the human pre-implantation embryo. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:47-63. [PMID: 36240776 PMCID: PMC9859930 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in single-cell gene expression analysis is to discern meaningful cellular heterogeneity from technical or biological noise. To address this challenge, we present entropy sorting (ES), a mathematical framework that distinguishes genes indicative of cell identity. ES achieves this in an unsupervised manner by quantifying if observed correlations between features are more likely to have occurred due to random chance versus a dependent relationship, without the need for any user-defined significance threshold. On synthetic data, we demonstrate the removal of noisy signals to reveal a higher resolution of gene expression patterns than commonly used feature selection methods. We then apply ES to human pre-implantation embryo single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Previous studies failed to unambiguously identify early inner cell mass (ICM), suggesting that the human embryo may diverge from the mouse paradigm. In contrast, ES resolves the ICM and reveals sequential lineage bifurcations as in the classical model. ES thus provides a powerful approach for maximizing information extraction from high-dimensional datasets such as scRNA-seq data.
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Cockerell A, Wright L, Dattani A, Guo G, Smith A, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Richards DM. Biophysical models of early mammalian embryogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:26-46. [PMID: 36630902 PMCID: PMC9860129 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo development is a critical and fascinating stage in the life cycle of many organisms. Despite decades of research, the earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis are still poorly understood, caused by a scarcity of high-resolution spatial and temporal data, the use of only a few model organisms, and a paucity of truly multidisciplinary approaches that combine biological research with biophysical modeling and computational simulation. Here, we explain the theoretical frameworks and biophysical processes that are best suited to modeling the early mammalian embryo, review a comprehensive list of previous models, and discuss the most promising avenues for future work.
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Abratenko P, Andrade Aldana D, Anthony J, Arellano L, Asaadi J, Ashkenazi A, Balasubramanian S, Baller B, Barr G, Barrow J, Basque V, Bathe-Peters L, Benevides Rodrigues O, Berkman S, Bhanderi A, Bhattacharya M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bogart B, Bolton T, Book JY, Camilleri L, Caratelli D, Caro Terrazas I, Cavanna F, Cerati G, Chen Y, Conrad JM, Convery M, Cooper-Troendle L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Del Tutto M, Dennis SR, Detje P, Devitt A, Diurba R, Dorrill R, Duffy K, Dytman S, Eberly B, Ereditato A, Evans JJ, Fine R, Finnerud OG, Foreman W, Fleming BT, Foppiani N, Franco D, Furmanski AP, Garcia-Gamez D, Gardiner S, Ge G, Gollapinni S, Goodwin O, Gramellini E, Green P, Greenlee H, Gu W, Guenette R, Guzowski P, Hagaman L, Hen O, Hicks R, Hilgenberg C, Horton-Smith GA, Irwin B, Itay R, James C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jo JH, Johnson RA, Jwa YJ, Kalra D, Kamp N, Karagiorgi G, Ketchum W, Kirby M, Kobilarcik T, Kreslo I, Leibovitch MB, Lepetic I, Li JY, Li K, Li Y, Lin K, Littlejohn BR, Louis WC, Luo X, Manivannan K, Mariani C, Marsden D, Marshall J, Martinez N, Martinez Caicedo DA, Mason K, Mastbaum A, McConkey N, Meddage V, Miller K, Mills J, Mogan A, Mohayai T, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moore CD, Mora Lepin L, Mousseau J, Mulleriababu S, Naples D, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Nowak J, Nunes M, Oza N, Palamara O, Pallat N, Paolone V, Papadopoulou A, Papavassiliou V, Parkinson HB, Pate SF, Patel N, Pavlovic Z, Piasetzky E, Ponce-Pinto ID, Pophale I, Prince S, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Ren L, Rochester L, Rodriguez Rondon J, Rosenberg M, Ross-Lonergan M, Rudolf von Rohr C, Scanavini G, Schmitz DW, Schukraft A, Seligman W, Shaevitz MH, Sharankova R, Shi J, Smith A, Snider EL, Soderberg M, Söldner-Rembold S, Spitz J, Stancari M, St John J, Strauss T, Sword-Fehlberg S, Szelc AM, Tang W, Taniuchi N, Terao K, Thorpe C, Torbunov D, Totani D, Toups M, Tsai YT, Tyler J, Uchida MA, Usher T, Viren B, Weber M, Wei H, White AJ, Williams Z, Wolbers S, Wongjirad T, Wospakrik M, Wresilo K, Wright N, Wu W, Yandel E, Yang T, Yates LE, Yu HW, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zhang C. First Constraints on Light Sterile Neutrino Oscillations from Combined Appearance and Disappearance Searches with the MicroBooNE Detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:011801. [PMID: 36669216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for eV-scale sterile neutrino oscillations in the MicroBooNE liquid argon detector, simultaneously considering all possible appearance and disappearance effects within the 3+1 active-to-sterile neutrino oscillation framework. We analyze the neutrino candidate events for the recent measurements of charged-current ν_{e} and ν_{μ} interactions in the MicroBooNE detector, using data corresponding to an exposure of 6.37×10^{20} protons on target from the Fermilab booster neutrino beam. We observe no evidence of light sterile neutrino oscillations and derive exclusion contours at the 95% confidence level in the plane of the mass-squared splitting Δm_{41}^{2} and the sterile neutrino mixing angles θ_{μe} and θ_{ee}, excluding part of the parameter space allowed by experimental anomalies. Cancellation of ν_{e} appearance and ν_{e} disappearance effects due to the full 3+1 treatment of the analysis leads to a degeneracy when determining the oscillation parameters, which is discussed in this Letter and will be addressed by future analyses.
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Dattani A, Huang T, Liddle C, Smith A, Guo G. Suppression of YAP safeguards human naïve pluripotency. Development 2022; 149:dev200988. [PMID: 36398796 PMCID: PMC9845734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Propagation of human naïve pluripotent stem cells (nPSCs) relies on the inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling. However, MEK/ERK inhibition also promotes differentiation into trophectoderm (TE). Therefore, robust self-renewal requires suppression of TE fate. Tankyrase inhibition using XAV939 has been shown to stabilise human nPSCs and is implicated in TE suppression. Here, we dissect the mechanism of this effect. Tankyrase inhibition is known to block canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. However, we show that nPSCs depleted of β-catenin remain dependent on XAV939. Rather than inhibiting Wnt, we found that XAV939 prevents TE induction by reducing activation of YAP, a co-factor of TE-inducing TEAD transcription factors. Tankyrase inhibition stabilises angiomotin, which limits nuclear accumulation of YAP. Upon deletion of angiomotin-family members AMOT and AMOTL2, nuclear YAP increases and XAV939 fails to prevent TE induction. Expression of constitutively active YAP similarly precipitates TE differentiation. Conversely, nPSCs lacking YAP1 or its paralog TAZ (WWTR1) resist TE differentiation and self-renewal efficiently without XAV939. These findings explain the distinct requirement for tankyrase inhibition in human but not in mouse nPSCs and highlight the pivotal role of YAP activity in human naïve pluripotency and TE differentiation. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Smith A, Turoczi Z, Valencia O, Zilahi G. DURATION OF HYPOTENSION IS A PREDICTOR OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN THE POST-CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENT. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Turoczi Z, Smith A, Valencia O, Kim C, Zilahi G. HYPOTENSION PREDICTABILITY INDEX, A NEW TOOL TO PREDICT HYPOTENSION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Funnell T, O’Flanagan CH, Williams MJ, McPherson A, McKinney S, Kabeer F, Lee H, Salehi S, Vázquez-García I, Shi H, Leventhal E, Masud T, Eirew P, Yap D, Zhang AW, Lim JLP, Wang B, Brimhall J, Biele J, Ting J, Au V, Van Vliet M, Liu YF, Beatty S, Lai D, Pham J, Grewal D, Abrams D, Havasov E, Leung S, Bojilova V, Moore RA, Rusk N, Uhlitz F, Ceglia N, Weiner AC, Zaikova E, Douglas JM, Zamarin D, Weigelt B, Kim SH, Da Cruz Paula A, Reis-Filho JS, Martin SD, Li Y, Xu H, de Algara TR, Lee SR, Llanos VC, Huntsman DG, McAlpine JN, Shah SP, Aparicio S, Cannell IG, Casbolt H, Jauset C, Kovačević T, Mulvey CM, Nugent F, Ribes MP, Pearson I, Qosaj F, Sawicka K, Wild SA, Williams E, Laks E, Smith A, Lai D, Roth A, Balasubramanian S, Lee M, Bodenmiller B, Burger M, Kuett L, Tietscher S, Windhager J, Boyden ES, Alon S, Cui Y, Emenari A, Goodwin DR, Karagiannis ED, Sinha A, Wassie AT, Caldas C, Bruna A, Callari M, Greenwood W, Lerda G, Eyal-Lubling Y, Rueda OM, Shea A, Harris O, Becker R, Grimaldo F, Harris S, Vogl SL, Joyce JA, Watson SS, Tavare S, Dinh KN, Fisher E, Kunes R, Walton NA, Al Sa’d M, Chornay N, Dariush A, González-Solares EA, González-Fernández C, Yoldaş AK, Miller N, Zhuang X, Fan J, Lee H, Sepúlveda LA, Xia C, Zheng P, Shah SP, Aparicio S. Single-cell genomic variation induced by mutational processes in cancer. Nature 2022; 612:106-115. [PMID: 36289342 PMCID: PMC9712114 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
How cell-to-cell copy number alterations that underpin genomic instability1 in human cancers drive genomic and phenotypic variation, and consequently the evolution of cancer2, remains understudied. Here, by applying scaled single-cell whole-genome sequencing3 to wild-type, TP53-deficient and TP53-deficient;BRCA1-deficient or TP53-deficient;BRCA2-deficient mammary epithelial cells (13,818 genomes), and to primary triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) cells (22,057 genomes), we identify three distinct 'foreground' mutational patterns that are defined by cell-to-cell structural variation. Cell- and clone-specific high-level amplifications, parallel haplotype-specific copy number alterations and copy number segment length variation (serrate structural variations) had measurable phenotypic and evolutionary consequences. In TNBC and HGSC, clone-specific high-level amplifications in known oncogenes were highly prevalent in tumours bearing fold-back inversions, relative to tumours with homologous recombination deficiency, and were associated with increased clone-to-clone phenotypic variation. Parallel haplotype-specific alterations were also commonly observed, leading to phylogenetic evolutionary diversity and clone-specific mono-allelic expression. Serrate variants were increased in tumours with fold-back inversions and were highly correlated with increased genomic diversity of cellular populations. Together, our findings show that cell-to-cell structural variation contributes to the origins of phenotypic and evolutionary diversity in TNBC and HGSC, and provide insight into the genomic and mutational states of individual cancer cells.
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Hahn T, Daymont C, Beukelman T, Groh B, Hays K, Bingham CA, Scalzi L, Abel N, Abulaban K, Adams A, Adams M, Agbayani R, Aiello J, Akoghlanian S, Alejandro C, Allenspach E, Alperin R, Alpizar M, Amarilyo G, Ambler W, Anderson E, Ardoin S, Armendariz S, Baker E, Balboni I, Balevic S, Ballenger L, Ballinger S, Balmuri N, Barbar-Smiley F, Barillas-Arias L, Basiaga M, Baszis K, Becker M, Bell-Brunson H, Beltz E, Benham H, Benseler S, Bernal W, Beukelman T, Bigley T, Binstadt B, Black C, Blakley M, Bohnsack J, Boland J, Boneparth A, Bowman S, Bracaglia C, Brooks E, Brothers M, Brown A, Brunner H, Buckley M, Buckley M, Bukulmez H, Bullock D, Cameron B, Canna S, Cannon L, Carper P, Cartwright V, Cassidy E, Cerracchio L, Chalom E, Chang J, Chang-Hoftman A, Chauhan V, Chira P, Chinn T, Chundru K, Clairman H, Co D, Confair A, Conlon H, Connor R, Cooper A, Cooper J, Cooper S, Correll C, Corvalan R, Costanzo D, Cron R, Curiel-Duran L, Curington T, Curry M, Dalrymple A, Davis A, Davis C, Davis C, Davis T, De Benedetti F, De Ranieri D, Dean J, Dedeoglu F, DeGuzman M, Delnay N, Dempsey V, DeSantis E, Dickson T, Dingle J, Donaldson B, Dorsey E, Dover S, Dowling J, Drew J, Driest K, Du Q, Duarte K, Durkee D, Duverger E, Dvergsten J, Eberhard A, Eckert M, Ede K, Edelheit B, Edens C, Edens C, Edgerly Y, Elder M, Ervin B, Fadrhonc S, Failing C, Fair D, Falcon M, Favier L, Federici S, Feldman B, Fennell J, Ferguson I, Ferguson P, Ferreira B, Ferrucho R, Fields K, Finkel T, Fitzgerald M, Fleming C, Flynn O, Fogel L, Fox E, Fox M, Franco L, Freeman M, Fritz K, Froese S, Fuhlbrigge R, Fuller J, George N, Gerhold K, Gerstbacher D, Gilbert M, Gillispie-Taylor M, Giverc E, Godiwala C, Goh I, Goheer H, Goldsmith D, Gotschlich E, Gotte A, Gottlieb B, Gracia C, Graham T, Grevich S, Griffin T, Griswold J, Grom A, Guevara M, Guittar P, Guzman M, Hager M, Hahn T, Halyabar O, Hammelev E, Hance M, Hanson A, Harel L, Haro S, Harris J, Harry O, Hartigan E, Hausmann J, Hay A, Hayward K, Heiart J, Hekl K, Henderson L, Henrickson M, Hersh A, Hickey K, Hill P, Hillyer S, Hiraki L, Hiskey M, Hobday P, Hoffart C, Holland M, Hollander M, Hong S, Horwitz M, Hsu J, Huber A, Huggins J, Hui-Yuen J, Hung C, Huntington J, Huttenlocher A, Ibarra M, Imundo L, Inman C, Insalaco A, Jackson A, Jackson S, James K, Janow G, Jaquith J, Jared S, Johnson N, Jones J, Jones J, Jones J, Jones K, Jones S, Joshi S, Jung L, Justice C, Justiniano A, Karan N, Kaufman K, Kemp A, Kessler E, Khalsa U, Kienzle B, Kim S, Kimura Y, Kingsbury D, Kitcharoensakkul M, Klausmeier T, Klein K, Klein-Gitelman M, Kompelien B, Kosikowski A, Kovalick L, Kracker J, Kramer S, Kremer C, Lai J, Lam J, Lang B, Lapidus S, Lapin B, Lasky A, Latham D, Lawson E, Laxer R, Lee P, Lee P, Lee T, Lentini L, Lerman M, Levy D, Li S, Lieberman S, Lim L, Lin C, Ling N, Lingis M, Lo M, Lovell D, Lowman D, Luca N, Lvovich S, Madison C, Madison J, Manzoni SM, Malla B, Maller J, Malloy M, Mannion M, Manos C, Marques L, Martyniuk A, Mason T, Mathus S, McAllister L, McCarthy K, McConnell K, McCormick E, McCurdy D, Stokes PMC, McGuire S, McHale I, McMonagle A, McMullen-Jackson C, Meidan E, Mellins E, Mendoza E, Mercado R, Merritt A, Michalowski L, Miettunen P, Miller M, Milojevic D, Mirizio E, Misajon E, Mitchell M, Modica R, Mohan S, Moore K, Moorthy L, Morgan S, Dewitt EM, Moss C, Moussa T, Mruk V, Murphy A, Muscal E, Nadler R, Nahal B, Nanda K, Nasah N, Nassi L, Nativ S, Natter M, Neely J, Nelson B, Newhall L, Ng L, Nicholas J, Nicolai R, Nigrovic P, Nocton J, Nolan B, Oberle E, Obispo B, O’Brien B, O’Brien T, Okeke O, Oliver M, Olson J, O’Neil K, Onel K, Orandi A, Orlando M, Osei-Onomah S, Oz R, Pagano E, Paller A, Pan N, Panupattanapong S, Pardeo M, Paredes J, Parsons A, Patel J, Pentakota K, Pepmueller P, Pfeiffer T, Phillippi K, Marafon DP, Phillippi K, Ponder L, Pooni R, Prahalad S, Pratt S, Protopapas S, Puplava B, Quach J, Quinlan-Waters M, Rabinovich C, Radhakrishna S, Rafko J, Raisian J, Rakestraw A, Ramirez C, Ramsay E, Ramsey S, Randell R, Reed A, Reed A, Reed A, Reid H, Remmel K, Repp A, Reyes A, Richmond A, Riebschleger M, Ringold S, Riordan M, Riskalla M, Ritter M, Rivas-Chacon R, Robinson A, Rodela E, Rodriquez M, Rojas K, Ronis T, Rosenkranz M, Rosolowski B, Rothermel H, Rothman D, Roth-Wojcicki E, Rouster-Stevens K, Rubinstein T, Ruth N, Saad N, Sabbagh S, Sacco E, Sadun R, Sandborg C, Sanni A, Santiago L, Sarkissian A, Savani S, Scalzi L, Schanberg L, Scharnhorst S, Schikler K, Schlefman A, Schmeling H, Schmidt K, Schmitt E, Schneider R, Schollaert-Fitch K, Schulert G, Seay T, Seper C, Shalen J, Sheets R, Shelly A, Shenoi S, Shergill K, Shirley J, Shishov M, Shivers C, Silverman E, Singer N, Sivaraman V, Sletten J, Smith A, Smith C, Smith J, Smith J, Smitherman E, Soep J, Son M, Spence S, Spiegel L, Spitznagle J, Sran R, Srinivasalu H, Stapp H, Steigerwald K, Rakovchik YS, Stern S, Stevens A, Stevens B, Stevenson R, Stewart K, Stingl C, Stokes J, Stoll M, Stringer E, Sule S, Sumner J, Sundel R, Sutter M, Syed R, Syverson G, Szymanski A, Taber S, Tal R, Tambralli A, Taneja A, Tanner T, Tapani S, Tarshish G, Tarvin S, Tate L, Taxter A, Taylor J, Terry M, Tesher M, Thatayatikom A, Thomas B, Tiffany K, Ting T, Tipp A, Toib D, Torok K, Toruner C, Tory H, Toth M, Tse S, Tubwell V, Twilt M, Uriguen S, Valcarcel T, Van Mater H, Vannoy L, Varghese C, Vasquez N, Vazzana K, Vehe R, Veiga K, Velez J, Verbsky J, Vilar G, Volpe N, von Scheven E, Vora S, Wagner J, Wagner-Weiner L, Wahezi D, Waite H, Walker J, Walters H, Muskardin TW, Waqar L, Waterfield M, Watson M, Watts A, Weiser P, Weiss J, Weiss P, Wershba E, White A, Williams C, Wise A, Woo J, Woolnough L, Wright T, Wu E, Yalcindag A, Yee M, Yen E, Yeung R, Yomogida K, Yu Q, Zapata R, Zartoshti A, Zeft A, Zeft R, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu A, Zic C. Intraarticular steroids as DMARD-sparing agents for juvenile idiopathic arthritis flares: Analysis of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:107. [PMID: 36434731 PMCID: PMC9701017 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who achieve a drug free remission often experience a flare of their disease requiring either intraarticular steroids (IAS) or systemic treatment with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). IAS offer an opportunity to recapture disease control and avoid exposure to side effects from systemic immunosuppression. We examined a cohort of patients treated with IAS after drug free remission and report the probability of restarting systemic treatment within 12 months. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of patients from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry who received IAS for a flare after a period of drug free remission. Historical factors and clinical characteristics and of the patients including data obtained at the time of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 46 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of those with follow up data available 49% had restarted systemic treatment 6 months after IAS injection and 70% had restarted systemic treatment at 12 months. The proportion of patients with prior use of a biologic DMARD was the only factor that differed between patients who restarted systemic treatment those who did not, both at 6 months (79% vs 35%, p < 0.01) and 12 months (81% vs 33%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION While IAS are an option for all patients who flare after drug free remission, it may not prevent the need to restart systemic treatment. Prior use of a biologic DMARD may predict lack of success for IAS. Those who previously received methotrexate only, on the other hand, are excellent candidates for IAS.
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Aguirre L, Cámara L, Smith A, Arroyo J, de Juan A, Fondevila G, Mateos G. Chemical composition, protein quality indicators and in vitro protein digestibility of commercial soybean meals from different origins for use in poultry feeding. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kimmage E, Carney C, Conaty S, Cronin A, Digan E, Kennelly SP, McDonagh A, McWilliams O, Nolan E, O'Dwyer A, O'Rourke L, Pierpoint R, Quinn S, Sheridan L, Smith A, Tobin F. 271 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE INTER-DISCIPLINARY PARKINSON’S CLINIC IN AN AMBULATORY CARE SETTING. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ambulatory services provide specialist outpatient care, reducing costs associated with inpatient admissions and enabling the person to remain at home for longer (Report of the National Acute Medicine Programme, 2010). An Older Person’s Ambulatory Care Hub was established in a large teaching hospital. Prior service evaluation demonstrated that approximately one third of patients attending had a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). People with PD should have a collaborative approach between patient, family and healthcare providers to optimally manage their condition (NICE, 2017), therefore, the need was identified to evolve the traditional medical model to an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of this project was to complete a service evaluation and breakdown of Interdisciplinary Team (IDT) referrals.
Methods
An IDT working group including Clinical Nutrition (CN), Medical, Nursing, Occupational Therapy (OT), Physiotherapy (PT), and Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) was established. A comprehensive assessment form was developed and outcome measures were chosen. A short pilot was conducted and necessary amendments were made. A weekly clinic was established which included an IDT assessment, followed by a huddle with the medical team where referrals were generated. Data pertaining to the number of attendees and referrals generated were collected over a 3-month period.
Results
Over the data collection period, 31 patients attended the clinic. Referrals were as follows; Medical: 19, PT: 13, SLT: 10, OT: 7, CN: 6, Medical Social Work: 2. Patients requiring urgent medical review were seen immediately after the IDT huddle.
Conclusion
This project demonstrates a service evaluation of a novel IDT PD Clinic. This clinic highlights the need for an IDT approach to management of people with PD. Future service developments include obtaining patient feedback, pre-clinic calls to patients by a Healthcare Assistant to explain the purpose of the clinic, and adapting the clinic as appropriate.
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Li R, Sparveris N, Atac H, Jones MK, Paolone M, Akbar Z, Gayoso CA, Berdnikov V, Biswas D, Boer M, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Diefenthaler M, Duran B, Dutta D, Gaskell D, Hansen O, Hauenstein F, Heinrich N, Henry W, Horn T, Huber GM, Jia S, Joosten S, Karki A, Kay SJD, Kumar V, Li X, Li WB, Liyanage AH, Malace S, Markowitz P, McCaughan M, Meziani ZE, Mkrtchyan H, Morean C, Muhoza M, Narayan A, Pasquini B, Rehfuss M, Sawatzky B, Smith GR, Smith A, Trotta R, Yero C, Zheng X, Zhou J. Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions. Nature 2022; 611:265-270. [PMID: 36261531 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton's bound state. A fundamental property of the proton involves the response of the system to an external electromagnetic field. It is characterized by the electromagnetic polarizabilities1 that describe how easily the charge and magnetization distributions inside the system are distorted by the electromagnetic field. Moreover, the generalized polarizabilities2 map out the resulting deformation of the densities in a proton subject to an electromagnetic field. They disclose essential information about the underlying system dynamics and provide a key for decoding the proton structure in terms of the theory of the strong interaction that binds its elementary quark and gluon constituents. Of particular interest is a puzzle in the electric generalized polarizability of the proton that remains unresolved for two decades2. Here we report measurements of the proton's electromagnetic generalized polarizabilities at low four-momentum transfer squared. We show evidence of an anomaly to the behaviour of the proton's electric generalized polarizability that contradicts the predictions of nuclear theory and derive its signature in the spatial distribution of the induced polarization in the proton. The reported measurements suggest the presence of a new, not-yet-understood dynamical mechanism in the proton and present notable challenges to the nuclear theory.
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Piofczyk T, Covens K, Adriany T, Petruskeviciute M, Lopez-Jimena B, De Vega D, Roesl C, Kavanagh-Williamson M, Wuyts J, Forster T, Campos J, Daems D, Claxton C, Wasson P, Metsu S, Smith A, Maertens G. Development of a rapid and fully automated Idylla™ assay for qualitative detection of mutations in the PIK3CA and AKT1 gene in advanced breast cancer FFPE samples. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Robart A, Henley J, Smith A, Aubrey-Bassler K, Roberts J. EXPLORATORY IN-CLINIC STUDY EVALUATING FEASIBILITY OF JVP HEIGHT ASSESSMENT BY EARLY PROTOTYPE OF MACHINE VISION ALGORITHM. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Albon D, Jones M, Smith A, Bruschwein H. 120 Sleep disturbances after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Soifer H, Mishra V, Malik S, Smith A, Chan S, Kessler L, Burrows F, Leoni M, Saunders A, Dale S. HNSCCs overexpressing wild-type HRAS are sensitive to combined tipifarnib and alpelisib treatment. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Anderson J, Brittney D, Giang G, Smith A, Lee C, Parker K, Searcy H, Benner K, Limdi N, Guimbellot J. 263 Pharmacogenomics in people with cystic fibrosis: A personalized medicine approach. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mamudu HM, Nwabueze CA, Yang JS, Mackey TK, Ahuja M, Smith A, Weierbach FM, McNabb M, Minnick C, Jones A. Social media and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among school-going adolescents in a rural distressed Appalachian community. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101953. [PMID: 36161107 PMCID: PMC9501989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media use to discuss ENDS among youth in distressed areas is understudied. Nearly 1 in 3 and 1 in 8 of youth were ever and current ENDS users, respectively. Nearly 1 in 5 of the youth reported using social media to talk about ENDS. Social media increased current and ever ENDS use by 4 and 3 times, respectively. Social media engagement may lead to ENDS uptake among youth in distressed areas.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are the most used tobacco products among middle and high schoolers in the United States (U.S.). Familial relations and access play a major role in uptake among adolescents; yet the role of social media in this phenomenon in the context of communities impacted by tobacco-related health disparities is understudied. In Spring 2019, data were collected from adolescents in 8th and 9th grades in a school located in a rural distressed county in Tennessee to assess social media’s role in ENDS uptake. Descriptive and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to delineate factors associated with ENDS use. Of a total of 399 respondents, 12.5 % reported current ENDS use and 22.1 % indicated having ever discussed ENDS on social media. Closed messaging platforms (Snapchat) and video platforms (Facebook/Instagram/You Tube) were the most reported form of social media used (8.31 % and 8.31 % respectively). Social media use was positively associated with both ever ENDS use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9) and current ENDS use (OR = 3.98). Parental advice against ENDS use was positively associated with ever ENDS use. In conclusion, social media use was positively associated with both ever and current ENDS use, and Snapchat was the most popular platform among this population of students. The results indicate that youth social media engagement may lead to exposure that can influence ENDS uptake. Future studies are needed to further examine these associations among distressed communities.
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Woolf ZR, Smith A, Swanson MEV, Scotter EL, Schweder P, Correia J, Park TI, Dragunow M. P12.07.B Getting to the core of microglia versus bone marrow-derived macrophages in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are two ontogenetically distinct myeloid populations present within glioblastoma that can comprise 30-50% of the tumour mass. Historically, these cell types have been conflated and studied as a single population of ‘tumour-associated macrophages’. Recent advances in single-cell omics have allowed population delineation, suggesting microglia and BMDMs may play different roles within the tumour and subsequently differentially affect tumour progression. Despite building evidence for the unique functions of these cells within glioblastoma, the inherent heterogeneity of the tumour landscape has complicated such studies. Indeed, macrophages exist as phenotypically and functionally diverse populations that are polarised in a context-dependent manner. Hence, to understand the differences between microglia and BMDMs within glioblastoma, both ontogeny and spatial location must be considered.
Material and Methods
To elucidate the functional roles of microglia and BMDMs across the tumour landscape, a publicly available RNAseq dataset was utilised to classify myeloid cells into four populations based on spatial location and ontogeny. These were tumour core BMDMs and microglia, or tumour periphery BMDMs and microglia. Differential gene analysis was then performed to identify significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between classified myeloid populations. Tumour core DEGs were then compared against the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas to define their expression across anatomical tumour regions. Finally, myeloid DEGs were validated at the protein level on human glioblastoma tissue through immunohistochemistry.
Results
Microglia and BMDMs showed different spatial distributions across the tumour landscape and displayed distinct functional expression profiles. Microglia held a more chemotactic and pro-inflammatory profile, whereas BMDMs held a more pro-tumoural profile. However, a comparison of microglia between the tumour core and periphery revealed that tumour microglia upregulate many pro-tumoural genes, including multiple genes that have previously been defined as ‘BMDM-enriched’. Moreover, we found myeloid DEGs identified within the tumour core cluster to distinct spatial tumour regions such as the vascular or hypoxic niche. Immunohistochemical staining reflected these spatial expression profiles, identifying a distinct population of phagocytic macrophages within the hypoxic niche.
Conclusion
Although microglia and BMDMs represent two ontogenetically distinct myeloid populations within glioblastoma, both cell types can adopt similar functional expression profiles within the tumour core, particularly within tumour niches. This indicates that myeloid cell function is strongly influenced by the tumour microenvironment, rather than ontogeny alone.
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Abdallah N, Smith A, Geyer S, Binder M, Greipp P, Kapoor P, Dispenzieri A, Gertz M, Baughn L, Lacy M, Hayman S, Buadi F, Dingli D, Hwa Y, Lin Y, Kourelis T, Warsame R, Kyle R, Rajkumar S, Kumar S. 639P Conditional survival in MM and impact of prognostic factors over time. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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van Buuren MMA, Heerey JJ, Smith A, Crossley KM, Kemp JL, Scholes MJ, Lawrenson PR, King MG, Gielis WP, Weinans H, Lindner C, Souza RB, Verhaar JAN, Agricola R. The association between statistical shape modeling-defined hip morphology and features of early hip osteoarthritis in young adult football players: Data from the femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis cohort (FORCe) study. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100275. [PMID: 36474944 PMCID: PMC9718108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between radiographic hip shape and features of early hip osteoarthritis (OA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young male and female football players without radiographic hip OA. Design We used baseline data from a cohort of symptomatic and asymptomatic football players aged 18-50 years. Hip shape was assessed on anteroposterior radiographs with statistical shape modeling (SSM) for men and women separately. Cartilage defects and labral tears were graded using the Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with MRI (SHOMRI) system. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between each hip shape variant, called shape modes, and cartilage defects or labral tears. Results We included 229 participants (446 hips, 77.4% male). For each sex, 15 shape modes were analyzed. In men, three shape modes were associated with cartilage defects: adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.75 (95%CI 0.58-0.97) per standard deviation (SD) for mode 1; 1.34 (95%CI 1.05-1.69) per SD for mode 12; and 0.61 (95%CI 0.48-0.78) per SD for mode 15; and one also with labral tears: aOR 1.30 (95%CI 1.01-1.69) per SD for mode 12. These modes generally represented variations in the femoral neck and subtypes of cam morphology, with and without pincer morphology. For women, there was no evidence for associations with the outcomes. Conclusions Several hip shape variants were associated with cartilage defects on MRI in young male football players. Specifically, one subtype of cam morphology was associated with both cartilage defects and labral tears. Hip shape was not associated with early OA features in women.
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