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Everts RE, Rothuizen J, van Oost BA. Identification of a premature stop codon in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor gene (MC1R) in Labrador and Golden retrievers with yellow coat colour. Anim Genet 2000; 31:194-9. [PMID: 10895310 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have examined whether black/yellow coat colour in Labrador retrievers is controlled by allelic variants at the extension locus. As the gene encoding the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) has been shown to correspond to the extension locus in several species, we have determined the genomic MC1R sequence in Labrador retrievers with black and with yellow coat colour. Using primers based on the fox (Vulpes vulpes) MC1R sequence we initially isolated and sequenced the innerpart of the canine MC1R. By means of inverse PCR we succeeded in the characterization of both flanking regions of the MC1R gene (Genbank: AF064455). Comparison of the complete MC1R sequences of a yellow and a black Labrador retriever revealed a single C-->T mutation at nucleotide position 916 in the yellow dog. This transition changed the codon for arginine at position 305 into a stop codon, resulting in the elimination of the evolutionary strongly conserved 10 carboxyterminal amino acid residues. With an allele-specific-oligonucleotide (ASO) test it was shown that the mutation cosegregated with the recessively inherited yellow coat colour in the Labrador retriever. Golden retrievers also appeared to be homozygous for the mutation. Seventeen other breeds were all negative for the mutation. Since the Labrador and Golden retriever are closely related, we suggest a common founder for the yellow coat colour in Labrador and Golden retrievers.
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Everts RE, Hazewinkel HA, Rothuizen J, van Oost BA. Bone disorders in the dog: a review of modern genetic strategies to find the underlying causes. Vet Q 2000; 22:63-70. [PMID: 10789512 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2000.9695027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In man, the genetic defects of more than 600 inherited diseases, of which at least 150 skeletal diseases, have been identified as is the chromosomal location for approximately 7000 genes. This rapid progress has been made possible by the generation of a genetical and physical map of the human genome. There is no reason to believe that for the dog not a similar development may occur. This review is therefore focussed on the use of novel tools now available for comparative molecular genetic studies of skeletal dysplasias in the dog. Because the genomes of mammals at the subchromosomal level are very well conserved, likely candidate disease genes known from other species might be considered. In this review, formation of the bones and the most important canine disorders of the skeleton influencing locomotion will be discussed first. The canine disorders discussed are canine hip dysplasia, the three different forms of elbow dysplasia (fragmented coronoid process, ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis dissecans and incongruency) and dwarfism. Where possible a link is made with similar diseases in man or mouse. Then, the molecular biological tools available to analyse the genetic defect will be reviewed and some examples discussed.
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Lantinga-van Leeuwen IS, Mol JA, Kooistra HS, Rijnberk A, Breen M, Renier C, van Oost BA. Cloning of the canine gene encoding transcription factor Pit-1 and its exclusion as candidate gene in a canine model of pituitary dwarfism. Mamm Genome 2000; 11:31-6. [PMID: 10602989 DOI: 10.1007/s003350010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of German shepherd dogs characterized primarily by dwarfism. In mice and humans a similar genetic disorder has been described that results from an alteration in the gene encoding the transcription factor Pit-1. In this study we characterized the canine Pit-1 gene, determined the chromosomal localization of the Pit-1 gene, and screened dwarf German shepherd dogs for the presence of mutations in this gene. The full-length canine Pit-1 cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding 291 amino acids, 92 bp of 5'-untranslated region, and 1959 bp of 3'-untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous with Pit-1 of other mammalian species. Using a Pit-1 BAC clone as probe, the Pit-1 gene was mapped by FISH to canine Chromosome (Chr) 31. In dwarf German shepherd dogs a C to A transversion was detected, causing a Phe (TTC) to Leu (TTA) substitution at codon 81. This alteration was present neither in other canine breeds analyzed nor in other mammalian species. However, healthy German shepherd dogs were also homozygous for the mutant allele, indicating that it is not the primary disease-causing mutation. In addition, linkage analysis of polymorphic DNA markers flanking the Pit-1 gene, 41K19 and 52L05, revealed no co-segregation between the Pit-1 locus and the CPHD phenotype. These findings suggest that a gene other than Pit-1 is responsible for the pituitary anomaly in dwarf German shepherd dogs.
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van de Sluis BJ, Breen M, Nanji M, van Wolferen M, de Jong P, Binns MM, Pearson PL, Kuipers J, Rothuizen J, Cox DW, Wijmenga C, van Oost BA. Genetic mapping of the copper toxicosis locus in Bedlington terriers to dog chromosome 10, in a region syntenic to human chromosome region 2p13-p16. Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:501-7. [PMID: 9949209 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.3.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal hepatic copper accumulation is recognized as an inherited disorder in man, mouse, rat and dog. The major cause of hepatic copper accumulation in man is a dysfunctional ATP7B gene, causing Wilson disease (WD). Mutations in the ATP7B genes have also been demonstrated in mouse and rat. The ATP7B gene has been excluded in the much rarer human copper overload disease non-Indian childhood cirrhosis, indicating genetic heterogeneity. By investigating the common autosomal recessive copper toxicosis (CT) in Bedlington terriers, we have identified a new locus involved in progressive liver disease. We examined whether the WD gene ATP7B was also causative for CT by investigating the chromosomal co-localization of ATP7B and C04107, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). C04107 is an anonymous microsatellite marker closely linked to CT. However, BAC clones containing ATP7B and C04107 mapped to the canine chromosome regions CFA22q11 and CFA10q26, respectively, demonstrating that WD cannot be homologous to CT. The copper transport genes CTR1 and CTR2 were also excluded as candidate genes for CT since they both mapped to canine chromosome region CFA11q22. 2-22.5. A transcribed sequence identified from the C04107-containing BAC was found to be homologous to a gene expressed from human chromosome 2p13-p16, a region devoid of any positional candidate genes.
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de Coo RF, Buddiger PA, Smeets HJ, van Oost BA. The structure of the human NDUFV1 gene encoding the 51-kDa subunit of mitochondrial complex I. Mamm Genome 1999; 10:49-53. [PMID: 9892733 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The genomic organization of the human 51-kDa subunit gene (NDUFV1) on human Chromosome (Chr) 11q13 was determined. The NDUFV1 gene consists of 10 exons. Exon 1 encodes for the 20-amino-acids-long import sequence, and exon 1 through 10 codes for the 444-amino-acids-long mature protein. The protein sequence is highly conserved between human and bovine. Northern blotting analysis showed that the NDUFV1 gene expression varies widely among tissues and that in testis a unique mRNA species is present. In comparison with the other complex I flavoproteins, the expression of the 51-kDa gene in pancreatic tissue is high.
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Groot PC, van Oost BA. Identification of fragments of human transcripts froma defined chromosomal region: representational difference analysis of somatic cell hybrids. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:4476-81. [PMID: 9742252 PMCID: PMC147865 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.19.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have tested representational difference analysis of cDNAs from somatic cell hybrids as a means to directly isolate expressed sequences derived from a defined chromosomal region. To this end, the hamster-human somatic cell hybrid Q1Z, which carries Xq28 as the only human chromosomal fragment, was used as Tester and the parental hamster cell line Y21 as Driver. After two rounds of subtraction, two major products of 510 and 307 bp were obtained, derived from the highly expressed human Xq28-derived QM gene and from a hamster repeat sequence strongly up-regulated in Q1Z, respectively. In a second subtraction experiment these fragments were added to the driver, to prevent their reappearance. After three rounds of subtraction a more complex difference product was obtained. Of 26 different fragments analysed, 12 fragments were derived from Xq28-derived genes, 10 of which were from known genes. One fragment was derived from a hamster gene strongly up-regulated in Q1Z. These results demonstrate that cDNA RDA can be used to isolate gene fragments from defined chromosomal regions and that suppression with major products, derived from highly expressed genes, is advantageous to isolate larger number of fragments, presumably derived from rarer transcripts.
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Slappendel RJ, Versteeg SA, van Zon PH, Rothuizen J, van Oost BA. DNA analysis in diagnosis of von Willebrand disease in dogs. Vet Q 1998; 20 Suppl 1:S90-1. [PMID: 9652032 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1998.10807436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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van Oost BA. The role of molecular genetics in the diagnosis of diseases in companion animals: an introduction. Vet Q 1998; 20 Suppl 1:S88-9. [PMID: 9652030 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.1998.10807434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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34
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Gruys E, Knol BW, Meyer HP, van Oost BA. [Amyloidosis in cats: a genetic problem?]. TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DIERGENEESKUNDE 1998; 123:50-1. [PMID: 9537074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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de Coo IF, Sistermans EA, de Wijs IJ, Catsman-Berrevoets C, Busch HF, Scholte HR, de Klerk JB, van Oost BA, Smeets HJ. A mitochondrial tRNA(Val) gene mutation (G1642A) in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. Neurology 1998; 50:293-5. [PMID: 9443499 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.50.1.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied a patient with the diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) for mitochondrial DNA mutations in muscle. Established MELAS mutations were excluded. Mitochondrial DNA was further analyzed for mutations in the 22 tRNA genes by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis; a tRNA(Val) mutation (G1642A) was found. The structure of the altered tRNA, the heteroplasmy, and the absence of the mutation in the mother and in 100 control subjects suggests that the tRNA(Val) mutation is associated with the MELAS syndrome.
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de Coo RF, Buddiger P, Smeets HJ, van Oost BA. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human mitochondrial NADH:oxidoreductase 10-kDa gene (NDUFV3). Genomics 1997; 45:434-7. [PMID: 9344673 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human gene for the 10-kDa flavoprotein subunit of the mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) was completely cloned and sequenced. The so-called NDUFV3 gene contains three exons, spanning 20 kb. The open reading frame contains a 34-codon import sequence and a 74-codon mature protein sequence. A database search revealed close homology to bovine and rat protein sequence but not to any other known protein. Northern blot analysis showed that the NDUFV3 gene is ubiquitously expressed. The NDUFV3 gene was assigned by FISH to a single location on chromosome 21q22.3 and might contribute to the Down syndrome phenotype.
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Lemmink HH, Nillesen WN, Mochizuki T, Schröder CH, Brunner HG, van Oost BA, Monnens LA, Smeets HJ. Benign familial hematuria due to mutation of the type IV collagen alpha4 gene. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:1114-8. [PMID: 8787673 PMCID: PMC507532 DOI: 10.1172/jci118893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign familial hematuria (BFH) is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and normal renal function. It is frequent in patients with persistent microscopic hematuria, but cannot be clinically differentiated from the initial stages of Alport syndrome, a severe GBM disorder which progresses to renal failure. We present here linkage of benign familial hematuria with the COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes at 2q35-37 (Zmax = 3.58 at theta = 0.0). Subsequently, a glycine to glutamic acid substitution was identified in the collagenous region of the COL4A4 gene. We conclude that type IV collagen defects cause both benign hematuria and Alport syndrome. Furthermore, our data suggest that BFH patients can be carriers of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.
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38
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De Vries DD, Went LN, Bruyn GW, Scholte HR, Hofstra RM, Bolhuis PA, van Oost BA. Genetic and biochemical impairment of mitochondrial complex I activity in a family with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and hereditary spastic dystonia. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58:703-11. [PMID: 8644732 PMCID: PMC1914692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare form of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) that is associated with hereditary spastic dystonia has been studied in a large Dutch family. Neuropathy and ophthalmological lesions were present together in some family members, whereas only one type of abnormality was found in others. mtDNA mutations previously reported in LHON were not present. Sequence analysis of the protein-coding mitochondrial genes revealed two previously unreported mtDNA mutations. A heteroplasmic A-->G transition at nucleotide position 11696 in the ND4 gene resulted in the substitution of an isoleucine for valine at amino acid position 312. A second mutation, a homoplasmic T-->A transition at nucleotide position 14596 in the ND6 gene, resulted in the substitution of a methionine for the isoleucine at amino acid residue 26. Biochemical analysis of a muscle biopsy revealed a severe complex I deficiency, providing a link between these unique mtDNA mutations and this rare, complex phenotype including Leber optic neuropathy.
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de Coo IF, Smeets HJ, Gabreëls FJ, Arts N, van Oost BA. Isolated case of mental retardation and ataxia due to a de novo mitochondrial T8993G mutation. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58:636-8. [PMID: 8644724 PMCID: PMC1914555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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40
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Sistermans EA, de Wijs IJ, de Coo RF, Smit LM, Menko FH, van Oost BA. A (G-to-A) mutation in the initiation codon of the proteolipid protein gene causing a relatively mild form of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease in a Dutch family. Hum Genet 1996; 97:337-9. [PMID: 8786077 DOI: 10.1007/bf02185767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder that is characterized by dysmyelination of the central nervous system resulting from mutations in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene. Mutations causing either overexpression or expression of a truncated form of PLP result in oligodendrocyte cell death because of accumulation of PLP in the endoplasmic reticulum. It has therefore been hypothesized that absence of the protein should result in a less severe phenotype. However, until now, only one patient has been described with a complete deletion of the PLP gene. We report a Dutch family with a relatively mild form of PMD, in which the disease cosegregates with a (G-to-A) mutation in the initiation codon of the PLP gene. This mutation should cause the total absence of PLP and is therefore in agreement with the hypothesis that absence of PLP leads to a mild form of PMD.
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41
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Trijbels JM, Ruitenbeek W, Sengers RC, Janssen AJ, van Oost BA. Benign mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a patient with complex I deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996; 19:149-52. [PMID: 8739952 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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42
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Kluijtmans LA, van den Heuvel LP, Boers GH, Frosst P, Stevens EM, van Oost BA, den Heijer M, Trijbels FJ, Rozen R, Blom HJ. Molecular genetic analysis in mild hyperhomocysteinemia: a common mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58:35-41. [PMID: 8554066 PMCID: PMC1914961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild hyperhomocysteinemia is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Genetic aberrations in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes may account for reduced enzyme activities and elevated plasma homocysteine levels. In 15 unrelated Dutch patients with homozygous CBS deficiency, we observed the 833T-->C (I278T) mutation in 50% of the alleles. Very recently, we identified a common mutation (677C-->T; A-->V) in the MTHFR gene, which, in homozygous state, is responsible for the thermolabile phenotype and which is associated with decreased specific MTHRF activity and elevated homocysteine levels. We screened 60 cardiovascular patients and 111 controls for these two mutations, to determine whether these mutations are risk factors for premature cardiovascular disease. Heterozygosity for the 833T-->C mutation in the CBS gene was observed in one individual of the control group but was absent in patients with premature cardiovascular disease. Homozygosity for the 677C-->T mutation in the MTHFR gene was found in (15%) of 60 cardiovascular patients and in only 6 (approximately 5%) of 111 control individuals (odds ratio 3.1 [95% confidence interval 1.0-9.2]). Because of both the high prevalence of the 833T-->C mutation among homozygotes for CBS deficiency and its absence in 60 cardiovascular patients, we may conclude that heterozygosity for CBS deficiency does not appear to be involved in premature cardiovascular disease. However, a frequent homozygous mutation in the MTHFR gene is associated with a threefold increase in risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
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Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ, Boers GH, van Oost BA, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP. Two novel missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in homocystinuric patients. Hum Genet 1995; 96:249-50. [PMID: 7635485 DOI: 10.1007/bf00207394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Direct sequencing of the coding region of the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene in two homocystinuric patients revealed the presence of two novel missense mutations. The first mutation, a 1111G-->A transition, resulted in the substitution of the evolutionary conserved valine-371 by a methionine residue (V371M) and created a new NlaIII restriction site. The second mutation, a G-->A transition at base-pair 494, resulted in an amino acid change from cysteine to tyrosine (C165Y) and abolished a BsoFI restriction site. Both mutations were found in a compound heterozygous state with the previously described 833T-->C transition.
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44
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van Lieburg AF, Verdijk MA, Schoute F, Ligtenberg MJ, van Oost BA, Waldhauser F, Dobner M, Monnens LA, Knoers NV. Clinical phenotype of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in females heterozygous for a vasopressin type 2 receptor mutation. Hum Genet 1995; 96:70-8. [PMID: 7607658 DOI: 10.1007/bf00214189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) usually shows an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance caused by mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2). In the present study, three NDI families are described in which females show clinical features resembling the phenotype in males. Maximal urine osmolality in three female patients did not exceed 200 mosmol/kg and the absence of extra-renal responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin was demonstrated in two of them. All affected females and two asymptomatic female family members were shown to be heterozygous for an AVPR2 mutation. Skewed X-inactivation is the most likely explanation for the clinical manifestation of NDI in female carriers of an AVPR2 mutation. It is concluded that, in female NDI patients, the possibility of heterozygosity for an AVPR2 gene mutation has to be considered in addition to homozygosity for mutations in the aquaporin 2 gene.
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45
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Wijker M, Ligtenberg MJ, Schoute F, Defesche JC, Pals G, Bolhuis PA, Ropers HH, Hulsebos TJ, Menko FH, van Oost BA. The gene for hereditary bullous dystrophy, X-linked macular type, maps to the Xq27.3-qter region. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 56:1096-100. [PMID: 7726164 PMCID: PMC1801474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous dystrophy, hereditary macular type (McKusick 302000), is an X-linked disorder and was originally described in a single kindred in the Netherlands by Mendes da Costa and Van der Valk in 1908. To determine the location of the bullous dystrophy gene, segregation studies were performed in this family and in a recently described Italian family. Using informative polymorphic markers, the gene could initially be localized on the Xq27-q28 region. No recombinants were noted with loci in Xq27.3-q28. Fine mapping places the bullous dystrophy locus distal to DXS102 (Xq26.3) in the Italian family and distal to DXS998 (Xq27.3) in the Dutch family.
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Hageman AT, Gabreëls FJ, de Jong JG, Gabreëls-Festen AA, van den Berg CJ, van Oost BA, Wevers RA. Clinical symptoms of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy and arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 1995; 52:408-13. [PMID: 7710377 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1995.00540280098023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical symptoms in adult metachromatic leukodystrophy and in adult pseudodeficiency for arylsulfatase A. DESIGN Case series. SETTING University hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-five adult patients with very low arylsulfatase A activity. RESULTS In 13 patients, a diagnosis of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy was made. The main symptoms were dementia, behavioral abnormalities, ataxia, and polyneuropathy. In 12 patients, a diagnosis of arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency was made. No characteristic clinical syndrome could be detected in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy is a progressive metabolic disease with symptoms of demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Diagnosis must be confirmed by determination of arylsulfatase A activity and accumulation of sulfatides. Pseudodeficiency for arylsulfatase A can be confirmed or excluded by means of DNA analysis.
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Ligtenberg MJ, Kemp S, Sarde CO, van Geel BM, Kleijer WJ, Barth PG, Mandel JL, van Oost BA, Bolhuis PA. Spectrum of mutations in the gene encoding the adrenoleukodystrophy protein. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 56:44-50. [PMID: 7825602 PMCID: PMC1801307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) has been associated with mutations in a gene encoding an ATP-binding transporter, which is located in the peroxisomal membrane. Deficiency of the gene leads to impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Systematic analysis of the open reading frame of the ALD gene, using reverse transcriptase-PCR, followed by direct sequencing, revealed mutations in all 28 unrelated kindreds analyzed. No entire gene deletions or drastic promoter mutations were detected. In only one kindred did the mutation involve multiple exons. The other mutations were small alterations leading to missense (13 of 28) or nonsense mutations, a single amino acid deletion, frameshifts, or splice acceptor-site defects. Mutations affecting a single amino acid were concentrated in the region between the third and fourth putative transmembrane domains and in the ATP-binding domain. Mutations were detected in all investigated ALD kindreds, suggesting that this gene is the only gene responsible for X-linked ALD. This overview of mutations is useful in the determination of structurally and functionally important regions and provides an efficient screening strategy for identification of mutations in the ALD gene.
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48
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Kemp S, Ligtenberg MJ, van Geel BM, Barth PG, Sarde CO, van Oost BA, Bolhuis PA. Two intronic mutations in the adrenoleukodystrophy gene. Hum Mutat 1995; 6:272-3. [PMID: 8535452 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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van Lieburg AF, Verdijk MA, Knoers VV, van Essen AJ, Proesmans W, Mallmann R, Monnens LA, van Oost BA, van Os CH, Deen PM. Patients with autosomal nephrogenic diabetes insipidus homozygous for mutations in the aquaporin 2 water-channel gene. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55:648-52. [PMID: 7524315 PMCID: PMC1918308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-chromosomal V2 receptor gene are known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Besides the X-linked form, an autosomal mode of inheritance has been described. Recently, mutations in the autosomal gene coding for water-channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of the renal collecting duct were reported in an NDI patient. In the present study, missense mutations and a single nucleotide deletion in the aquaporin 2 gene of three NDI patients from consanguineous matings are described. Expression studies in Xenopus oocytes showed that the missense AQP2 proteins are nonfunctional. These results prove that mutations in the AQP2 gene cause autosomal recessive NDI.
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50
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Janssen EA, Hensels GW, van Oost BA, Hamel BC, Kemp S, Baas F, Weber JW, Barth PG, Bolhuis PA. The gene for X-linked myotubular myopathy is located in an 8 Mb region at the border of Xq27.3 and Xq28. Neuromuscul Disord 1994; 4:455-61. [PMID: 7881289 DOI: 10.1016/0960-8966(94)90084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
X-linked recessive myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a rare and severe neonatal neuromuscular disease characterized by muscle weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory problems. Here we report an extensive linkage analysis in two families with XLMTM. Using 18 markers in the Xq27-Xqter region we found a maximum two-point lod score of Z = 4.00 at theta = 0.00 for the marker II-10 (DXS466). Three recombinations were detected between markers and the disease locus. At the distal side of Xq27.3 a recombination was present in between RNI (DXS369) and VK23b (DXS297), another in between VK23b (DXS297) and II-10 (DXS466), and at the proximal side of Xq28 a recombination in between U6.2 (DXS304) and Cpx67 (DXS134). Combining the results of both families we conclude that XLMTM is located in the 8 Mb(11 cM) region between VK23b (DXS297) and Cpx67 (DXS134).
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