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Leu CL, Lam DD, Salminen AV, Wefers B, Becker L, Garrett L, Rozman J, Wurst W, Hrabě de Angelis M, Hölter SM, Winkelmann J, Williams RH. A patient-enriched MEIS1 coding variant causes a restless legs syndrome-like phenotype in mice. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae015. [PMID: 38314840 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations in the legs during rest periods. To relieve these sensations, patients move their legs, causing sleep disruption. While the pathogenesis of RLS has yet to be resolved, there is a strong genetic association with the MEIS1 gene. A missense variant in MEIS1 is enriched sevenfold in people with RLS compared to non-affected individuals. We generated a mouse line carrying this mutation (p.Arg272His/c.815G>A), referred to herein as Meis1R272H/R272H (Meis1 point mutation), to determine whether it would phenotypically resemble RLS. As women are more prone to RLS, driven partly by an increased risk of developing RLS during pregnancy, we focused on female homozygous mice. We evaluated RLS-related outcomes, particularly sensorimotor behavior and sleep, in young and aged mice. Compared to noncarrier littermates, homozygous mice displayed very few differences. Significant hyperactivity occurred before the lights-on (rest) period in aged female mice, reflecting the age-dependent incidence of RLS. Sensory experiments involving tactile feedback (rotarod, wheel running, and hotplate) were only marginally different. Overall, RLS-like phenomena were not recapitulated except for the increased wake activity prior to rest. This is likely due to the focus on young mice. Nevertheless, the Meis1R272H mouse line is a potentially useful RLS model, carrying a clinically relevant variant and showing an age-dependent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Luen Leu
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Lam
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aaro V Salminen
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wefers
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität, München, Freising, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rhîannan H Williams
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Homanics GE, Park JE, Bailey L, Schaeffer DJ, Schaeffer L, He J, Li S, Zhang T, Haber A, Spruce C, Greenwood A, Murai T, Schultz L, Mongeau L, Ha SK, Oluoch J, Stein B, Choi SH, Huhe H, Thathiah A, Strick PL, Carter GW, Silva AC, Sukoff Rizzo SJ. Early molecular events of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease in marmosets with PSEN1 mutations. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3455-3471. [PMID: 38574388 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fundamental questions remain about the key mechanisms that initiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the factors that promote its progression. Here we report the successful generation of the first genetically engineered marmosets that carry knock-in (KI) point mutations in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene that can be studied from birth throughout lifespan. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate marmosets with C410Y or A426P point mutations in PSEN1. Founders and their germline offspring are comprehensively studied longitudinally using non-invasive measures including behavior, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and multiomics signatures. RESULTS Prior to adulthood, increases in plasma amyloid beta were observed in PSEN1 mutation carriers relative to non-carriers. Analysis of brain revealed alterations in several enzyme-substrate interactions within the gamma secretase complex prior to adulthood. DISCUSSION Marmosets carrying KI point mutations in PSEN1 provide the opportunity to study the earliest primate-specific mechanisms that contribute to the molecular and cellular root causes of AD onset and progression. HIGHLIGHTS We report the successful generation of genetically engineered marmosets harboring knock-in point mutations in the PSEN1 gene. PSEN1 marmosets and their germline offspring recapitulate the early emergence of AD-related biomarkers. Studies as early in life as possible in PSEN1 marmosets will enable the identification of primate-specific mechanisms that drive disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg E Homanics
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Bailey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuoran Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annat Haber
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | | | - Takeshi Murai
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Schultz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Mongeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seung-Kwon Ha
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julia Oluoch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brianne Stein
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hasi Huhe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter L Strick
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacey J Sukoff Rizzo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Brugmans AK, Walter C, Moreno N, Göbel C, Holdhof D, de Faria FW, Hotfilder M, Jeising D, Frühwald MC, Skryabin BV, Rozhdestvensky TS, Wachsmuth L, Faber C, Dugas M, Varghese J, Schüller U, Albert TK, Kerl K. A Carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 Point Mutation Induces Hydrocephalus Formation and Affects AP-1 and Neuronal Signalling Pathways in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3511-3526. [PMID: 37219662 PMCID: PMC10477118 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) chromatin remodelling complex is essential for the regulation of DNA accessibility and gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Mutations of its core subunit SMARCB1 result in a broad spectrum of pathologies, including aggressive rhabdoid tumours or neurodevelopmental disorders. Other mouse models have addressed the influence of a homo- or heterozygous loss of Smarcb1, yet the impact of specific non-truncating mutations remains poorly understood. Here, we have established a new mouse model for the carboxy-terminal Smarcb1 c.1148del point mutation, which leads to the synthesis of elongated SMARCB1 proteins. We have investigated its impact on brain development in mice using magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and single-cell RNA sequencing. During adolescence, Smarcb11148del/1148del mice demonstrated rather slow weight gain and frequently developed hydrocephalus including enlarged lateral ventricles. In embryonic and neonatal stages, mutant brains did not differ anatomically and histologically from wild-type controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brains from newborn mutant mice revealed that a complete brain including all cell types of a physiologic mouse brain is formed despite the SMARCB1 mutation. However, neuronal signalling appeared disturbed in newborn mice, since genes of the AP-1 transcription factor family and neurite outgrowth-related transcripts were downregulated. These findings support the important role of SMARCB1 in neurodevelopment and extend the knowledge of different Smarcb1 mutations and their associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliska K Brugmans
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Walter
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Moreno
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Göbel
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dörthe Holdhof
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Flavia W de Faria
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Hotfilder
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Jeising
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Boris V Skryabin
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility TRAnsgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timofey S Rozhdestvensky
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility TRAnsgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Wachsmuth
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas K Albert
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Pavel MA, Ng C, Kashyap P, Li B, Morais TDC, Ulloa GA, Yu Y. The diverse effects of pathogenic point mutations on ion channel activity of a gain-of-function polycystin-2. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104674. [PMID: 37028763 PMCID: PMC10192930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes. The latter encodes polycystin-2 (PC2, also known as TRPP2), a member of the transient receptor potential ion channel family. Despite most pathogenic mutations in PKD2 being truncation variants, there are also many point mutations, which cause small changes in protein sequences but dramatic changes in the in vivo function of PC2. How these mutations affect PC2 ion channel function is largely unknown. In this study, we systematically tested the effects of 31 point mutations on the ion channel activity of a gain-of-function PC2 mutant, PC2_F604P, expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The results show that all mutations in the transmembrane domains and channel pore region, and most mutations in the extracellular tetragonal opening for polycystins domain, are critical for PC2_F604P channel function. In contrast, the other mutations in the tetragonal opening for polycystins domain and most mutations in the C-terminal tail cause mild or no effects on channel function as assessed in Xenopus oocytes. To understand the mechanism of these effects, we have discussed possible conformational consequences of these mutations based on the cryo-EM structures of PC2. The results help gain insight into the structure and function of the PC2 ion channel and the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis caused by these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Mahmud Arif Pavel
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Courtney Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Parul Kashyap
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Tiago D C Morais
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Gabriella A Ulloa
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
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Ahmed S, Manjunath K, Chattopadhyay G, Varadarajan R. Identification of stabilizing point mutations through mutagenesis of destabilized protein libraries. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101785. [PMID: 35247389 PMCID: PMC8971944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there have been recent transformative advances in the area of protein structure prediction, prediction of point mutations that improve protein stability remains challenging. It is possible to construct and screen large mutant libraries for improved activity or ligand binding. However, reliable screens for mutants that improve protein stability do not yet exist, especially for proteins that are well folded and relatively stable. Here, we demonstrate that incorporation of a single, specific, destabilizing mutation termed parent inactivating mutation into each member of a single-site saturation mutagenesis library, followed by screening for suppressors, allows for robust and accurate identification of stabilizing mutations. We carried out fluorescence-activated cell sorting of such a yeast surface display, saturation suppressor library of the bacterial toxin CcdB, followed by deep sequencing of sorted populations. We found that multiple stabilizing mutations could be identified after a single round of sorting. In addition, multiple libraries with different parent inactivating mutations could be pooled and simultaneously screened to further enhance the accuracy of identification of stabilizing mutations. Finally, we show that individual stabilizing mutations could be combined to result in a multi-mutant that demonstrated an increase in thermal melting temperature of about 20 °C, and that displayed enhanced tolerance to high temperature exposure. We conclude that as this method is robust and employs small library sizes, it can be readily extended to other display and screening formats to rapidly isolate stabilized protein mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmed
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kavyashree Manjunath
- Centre for Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Institute of Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Yang G, Zhao T, Lu S, Weng J, Zeng X. T1121G Point Mutation in the Mitochondrial Gene COX1 Suppresses a Null Mutation in ATP23 Required for the Assembly of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042327. [PMID: 35216443 PMCID: PMC8877559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded Atp23 was previously shown to have dual functions, including processing the yeast Atp6 precursor and assisting the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. However, it remains unknown whether there are genes functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue atp23 null mutant. In the present paper, we screen and characterize three revertants of atp23 null mutant and reveal a T1121G point mutation in the mitochondrial gene COX1 coding sequence, which leads to Val374Gly mutation in Cox1, the suppressor in the revertants. This was verified further by the partial restoration of mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly in atp23 null mutant transformed with exogenous hybrid COX1 T1121G mutant plasmid. The predicted tertiary structure of the Cox1 p.Val374Gly mutation showed no obvious difference from wild-type Cox1. By further chase labeling with isotope [35S]-methionine, we found that the stability of Atp6 of ATP synthase increased in the revertants compared with the atp23 null mutant. Taking all the data together, we revealed that the T1121G point mutation of mitochondrial gene COX1 could partially restore the unassembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase in atp23 null mutant by increasing the stability of Atp6. Therefore, this study uncovers a gene that is partially functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue ATP23 deficiency, broadening our understanding of the relationship between yeast the cytochrome c oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP synthase complex.
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Bordelet H, Costa R, Brocas C, Dépagne J, Veaute X, Busso D, Batté A, Guérois R, Marcand S, Dubrana K. Sir3 heterochromatin protein promotes non-homologous end joining by direct inhibition of Sae2. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108813. [PMID: 34817085 PMCID: PMC8724767 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin is a conserved feature of eukaryotic chromosomes, with central roles in gene expression regulation and maintenance of genome stability. How heterochromatin proteins regulate DNA repair remains poorly described. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the silent information regulator (SIR) complex assembles heterochromatin-like chromatin at sub-telomeric chromosomal regions. SIR-mediated repressive chromatin limits DNA double-strand break (DSB) resection, thus protecting damaged chromosome ends during homologous recombination (HR). As resection initiation represents the crossroads between repair by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or HR, we asked whether SIR-mediated heterochromatin regulates NHEJ. We show that SIRs promote NHEJ through two pathways, one depending on repressive chromatin assembly, and the other relying on Sir3 in a manner that is independent of its heterochromatin-promoting function. Via physical interaction with the Sae2 protein, Sir3 impairs Sae2-dependent functions of the MRX (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2) complex, thereby limiting Mre11-mediated resection, delaying MRX removal from DSB ends, and promoting NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bordelet
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
- Régulation spatiale des génomes, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525ParisFrance
| | - Rafaël Costa
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Clémentine Brocas
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Jordane Dépagne
- CIGEx platform. Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Xavier Veaute
- CIGEx platform. Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Didier Busso
- CIGEx platform. Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Amandine Batté
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
- Center for Integrative GenomicsBâtiment GénopodeUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEA, CNRS, Université Paris‐Sud, Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Stéphane Marcand
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
| | - Karine Dubrana
- Université de Paris and Université Paris‐Saclay, INSERM, iRCM/IBFJ CEA, UMR Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et RadiationsFontenay‐aux‐RosesFrance
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Vajhøj C, Schmid B, Alik A, Melki R, Fog K, Holst B, Stummann TC. Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell neuronal model for identification of modulators of A53T α-synuclein levels and aggregation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261536. [PMID: 34932569 PMCID: PMC8691628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting formation or promoting degradation of α-synuclein aggregates are among the therapeutical approaches under investigation as disease-modifying treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease. To support these developments, several in vitro models based on seeded α-synuclein aggregation have been established in immortalized cell lines and murine primary neurons. Here, we report on a humanized model with a reproducibility and throughput that enables its use in supporting target identification and validation in pharmacological research. A human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line was genetically modified to express HA-tagged α-synuclein with the point mutation in position 53 from Alanine to Threonine (A53T) under an inducible system and differentiated into cortical neurons expressing neuronal markers and exhibiting spontaneous activity. Intracellular α-synuclein aggregation was triggered by exposure to exogenous added fibrillated recombinant wild-type human α-synuclein fibrils91 and demonstrated by several endpoints; the formation of Triton-insoluble SDS-soluble α-synuclein, biochemically in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer based aggregation assay and by immunocytochemistry of phosphorylated α-synuclein positive puncta. We demonstrate the feasibility of upscaling the iPSC neuron production for drug discovery and that the model has a suitable dynamic range allowing for both detection of increased and decreased α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, gene modulation is feasible using siRNAs, making the model suitable for genetic screening for modulators of α-synuclein aggregation. Data on effects of USP8, USP13 and USP9X knockdown on α-synuclein expression and aggregation contradicts published data from immortalized cell lines and murine systems. This highlight the importance of including humanized neuronal models in the confirmation of biological mechanisms in specific variations of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ania Alik
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institute Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
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Phetthong T, Khongkrapan A, Jinawath N, Seo GH, Wattanasirichaigoon D. Compound Heterozygote of Point Mutation and Chromosomal Microdeletion Involving OTUD6B Coinciding with ZMIZ1 Variant in Syndromic Intellectual Disability. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101583. [PMID: 34680978 PMCID: PMC8535745 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The OTUD6B and ZMIZ1 genes were recently identified as causes of syndromic intellectual disability (ID) with shared phenotypes of facial dysmorphism, distal limb anomalies, and seizure disorders. OTUD6B- and ZMIZ1-related ID are inherited in autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant patterns, respectively. We report a 5-year-old girl with developmental delay, facial phenotypes resembling Williams syndrome, and cardiac defects. The patient also had terminal broadening of the fingers and polydactyly. Cytogenomic microarray (CMA), whole exome sequencing (WES), and mRNA analysis were performed. The CMA showed a paternally inherited 0.118 Mb deletion of 8q21.3, chr8:92084087–92202189, with OTUD6B involved. The WES identified a hemizygous OTUD6B variant, c.873delA (p.Lys291AsnfsTer3). The mother was heterozygous for this allele. The WES also demonstrated a heterozygous ZMIZ1 variant, c.1491 + 2T > C, in the patient and her father. This ZMIZ1 variant yielded exon 14 skipping, as evidenced by mRNA study. We suggest that Williams syndrome-like phenotypes, namely, periorbital edema, hanging cheek, and long and smooth philtrum represent expanded phenotypes of OTUD6B-related ID. Our data expand the genotypic spectrum of OTUD6B- and ZMIZ1-related disorders. This is the first reported case of a compound heterozygote featuring point mutation, chromosomal microdeletion of OTUD6B, and the unique event of OTUD6B, coupled with ZMIZ1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Phetthong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthaporn Khongkrapan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Go-Hun Seo
- Department of Medical Genetics, 3billion, Inc., Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (T.P.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Nitschel S, Zaeck LM, Potratz M, Nolden T, te Kamp V, Franzke K, Höper D, Pfaff F, Finke S. Point Mutations in the Glycoprotein Ectodomain of Field Rabies Viruses Mediate Cell Culture Adaptation through Improved Virus Release in a Host Cell Dependent and Independent Manner. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101989. [PMID: 34696419 PMCID: PMC8538267 DOI: 10.3390/v13101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular details of field rabies virus (RABV) adaptation to cell culture replication are insufficiently understood. A better understanding of adaptation may not only reveal requirements for efficient RABV replication in cell lines, but may also provide novel insights into RABV biology and adaptation-related loss of virulence and pathogenicity. Using two recombinant field rabies virus clones (rRABV Dog and rRABV Fox), we performed virus passages in three different cell lines to identify cell culture adaptive mutations. Ten passages were sufficient for the acquisition of adaptive mutations in the glycoprotein G and in the C-terminus of phosphoprotein P. Apart from the insertion of a glycosylation sequon via the mutation D247N in either virus, both acquired additional and cell line-specific mutations after passages on BHK (K425N) and MDCK-II (R346S or R350G) cells. As determined by virus replication kinetics, complementation, and immunofluorescence analysis, the major bottleneck in cell culture replication was the intracellular accumulation of field virus G protein, which was overcome after the acquisition of the adaptive mutations. Our data indicate that limited release of extracellular infectious virus at the plasma membrane is a defined characteristic of highly virulent field rabies viruses and we hypothesize that the observed suboptimal release of infectious virions is due to the inverse correlation of virus release and virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nitschel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Madlin Potratz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Tobias Nolden
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Verena te Kamp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Kati Franzke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectiology (IMED), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (D.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (D.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Stefan Finke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-71283
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11
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Höglinger C, Grabmayr H, Maltan L, Horvath F, Krobath H, Muik M, Tiffner A, Renger T, Romanin C, Fahrner M, Derler I. Defects in the STIM1 SOARα2 domain affect multiple steps in the CRAC channel activation cascade. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6645-6667. [PMID: 34498097 PMCID: PMC8558294 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel consists of STIM1, a Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Orai1, the Ca2+ ion channel in the plasma membrane. Ca2+ store depletion triggers conformational changes and oligomerization of STIM1 proteins and their direct interaction with Orai1. Structural alterations include the transition of STIM1 C-terminus from a folded to an extended conformation thereby exposing CAD (CRAC activation domain)/SOAR (STIM1-Orai1 activation region) for coupling to Orai1. In this study, we discovered that different point mutations of F394 in the small alpha helical segment (STIM1 α2) within the CAD/SOAR apex entail a rich plethora of effects on diverse STIM1 activation steps. An alanine substitution (STIM1 F394A) destabilized the STIM1 quiescent state, as evident from its constitutive activity. Single point mutation to hydrophilic, charged amino acids (STIM1 F394D, STIM1 F394K) impaired STIM1 homomerization and subsequent Orai1 activation. MD simulations suggest that their loss of homomerization may arise from altered formation of the CC1α1-SOAR/CAD interface and potential electrostatic interactions with lipid headgroups in the ER membrane. Consistent with these findings, we provide experimental evidence that the perturbing effects of F394D depend on the distance of the apex from the ER membrane. Taken together, our results suggest that the CAD/SOAR apex is in the immediate vicinity of the ER membrane in the STIM1 quiescent state and that different mutations therein can impact the STIM1/Orai1 activation cascade in various manners. Legend: Upon intracellular Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Ca2+ dissociates from STIM1. As a result, STIM1 adopts an elongated conformation and elicits Ca2+ influx from the extracellular matrix (EM) into the cell due to binding to and activation of Ca2+-selective Orai1 channels (left). The effects of three point mutations within the SOARα2 domain highlight the manifold roles of this region in the STIM1/Orai1 activation cascade: STIM1 F394A is active irrespective of the intracellular ER Ca2+ store level, but activates Orai1 channels to a reduced extent (middle). On the other hand, STIM1 F394D/K cannot adopt an elongated conformation upon Ca2+ store-depletion due to altered formation of the CC1α1-SOAR/CAD interface and/or electrostatic interaction of the respective side-chain charge with corresponding opposite charges on lipid headgroups in the ER membrane (right).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Höglinger
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Herwig Grabmayr
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Lena Maltan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Horvath
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Krobath
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Muik
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Adela Tiffner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020, Linz, Austria.
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12
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Hallegger M, Chakrabarti AM, Lee FCY, Lee BL, Amalietti AG, Odeh HM, Copley KE, Rubien JD, Portz B, Kuret K, Huppertz I, Rau F, Patani R, Fawzi NL, Shorter J, Luscombe NM, Ule J. TDP-43 condensation properties specify its RNA-binding and regulatory repertoire. Cell 2021; 184:4680-4696.e22. [PMID: 34380047 PMCID: PMC8445024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often affect the condensation properties of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, the role of RBP condensation in the specificity and function of protein-RNA complexes remains unclear. We created a series of TDP-43 C-terminal domain (CTD) variants that exhibited a gradient of low to high condensation propensity, as observed in vitro and by nuclear mobility and foci formation. Notably, a capacity for condensation was required for efficient TDP-43 assembly on subsets of RNA-binding regions, which contain unusually long clusters of motifs of characteristic types and density. These "binding-region condensates" are promoted by homomeric CTD-driven interactions and required for efficient regulation of a subset of bound transcripts, including autoregulation of TDP-43 mRNA. We establish that RBP condensation can occur in a binding-region-specific manner to selectively modulate transcriptome-wide RNA regulation, which has implications for remodeling RNA networks in the context of signaling, disease, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hallegger
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Anob M Chakrabarti
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Flora C Y Lee
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bo Lim Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aram G Amalietti
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katie E Copley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack D Rubien
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bede Portz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klara Kuret
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ina Huppertz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frédérique Rau
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nicolas L Fawzi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas M Luscombe
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jernej Ule
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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López-Berges MS, Scheven MT, Hortschansky P, Misslinger M, Baldin C, Gsaller F, Werner ER, Krüger T, Kniemeyer O, Weber J, Brakhage AA, Haas H. The bZIP Transcription Factor HapX Is Post-Translationally Regulated to Control Iron Homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147739. [PMID: 34299357 PMCID: PMC8307855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The airborne fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes opportunistic infections in humans with high mortality rates in immunocompromised patients. Previous work established that the bZIP transcription factor HapX is essential for virulence via adaptation to iron limitation by repressing iron-consuming pathways and activating iron acquisition mechanisms. Moreover, HapX was shown to be essential for transcriptional activation of vacuolar iron storage and iron-dependent pathways in response to iron availability. Here, we demonstrate that HapX has a very short half-life during iron starvation, which is further decreased in response to iron, while siderophore biosynthetic enzymes are very stable. We identified Fbx22 and SumO as HapX interactors and, in agreement, HapX post-translational modifications including ubiquitination of lysine161, sumoylation of lysine242 and phosphorylation of threonine319. All three modifications were enriched in the immediate adaptation from iron-limiting to iron-replete conditions. Interfering with these post-translational modifications, either by point mutations or by inactivation, of Fbx22 or SumO, altered HapX degradation, heme biosynthesis and iron resistance to different extents. Consistent with the need to precisely regulate HapX protein levels, overexpression of hapX caused significant growth defects under iron sufficiency. Taken together, our results indicate that post-translational regulation of HapX is important to control iron homeostasis in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez López-Berges
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (C.B.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.-B.); (A.A.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Mareike Thea Scheven
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hortschansky
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Matthias Misslinger
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (C.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Clara Baldin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (C.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabio Gsaller
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (C.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Jakob Weber
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.T.S.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (O.K.); (J.W.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.-B.); (A.A.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (C.B.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.-B.); (A.A.B.); (H.H.)
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14
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Al-Subaie AM, Kamaraj B. The Structural Effect of FLT3 Mutations at 835th Position and Their Interaction with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Inhibitors: In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7602. [PMID: 34299222 PMCID: PMC8303888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene mutations have been found in more than one-third of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cases. The most common point mutation in FLT3 occurs at the 835th residue (D835A/E/F/G/H/I/N/V/Y), in the activation loop region. The D835 residue is critical in maintaining FLT3 inactive conformation; these mutations might influence the interaction with clinically approved AML inhibitors used to treat the AML. The molecular mechanism of each of these mutations and their interactions with AML inhibitors at the atomic level is still unknown. In this manuscript, we have investigated the structural consequence of native and mutant FLT-3 proteins and their molecular mechanisms at the atomic level, using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). In addition, we use the molecular docking method to investigate the binding pattern between the FLT-3 protein and AML inhibitors upon mutations. This study apparently elucidates that, due to mutations in the D835, the FLT-3 structure loses its conformation and becomes more flexible compared to the native FLT3 protein. These structural changes are suggested to contribute to the relapse and resistance responses to AML inhibitors. Identifying the effects of FLT3 at the molecular level will aid in developing a personalized therapeutic strategy for treating patients with FLT-3-associated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Al-Subaie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Balu Kamaraj
- Department of Neuroscience Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Cheng L, Li Y, Qi Q, Xu P, Feng R, Palmer L, Chen J, Wu R, Yee T, Zhang J, Yao Y, Sharma A, Hardison RC, Weiss MJ, Cheng Y. Single-nucleotide-level mapping of DNA regulatory elements that control fetal hemoglobin expression. Nat Genet 2021; 53:869-880. [PMID: 33958780 PMCID: PMC8628368 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pinpointing functional noncoding DNA sequences and defining their contributions to health-related traits is a major challenge for modern genetics. We developed a high-throughput framework to map noncoding DNA functions with single-nucleotide resolution in four loci that control erythroid fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression, a genetically determined trait that modifies sickle cell disease (SCD) phenotypes. Specifically, we used the adenine base editor ABEmax to introduce 10,156 separate A•T to G•C conversions in 307 predicted regulatory elements and quantified the effects on erythroid HbF expression. We identified numerous regulatory elements, defined their epigenomic structures and linked them to low-frequency variants associated with HbF expression in an SCD cohort. Targeting a newly discovered γ-globin gene repressor element in SCD donor CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors raised HbF levels in the erythroid progeny, inhibiting hypoxia-induced sickling. Our findings reveal previously unappreciated genetic complexities of HbF regulation and provide potentially therapeutic insights into SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yichao Li
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruopeng Feng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lance Palmer
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruiqiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany Yee
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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16
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Guan F, Zhang J, Shen H, Wang X, Padovan A, Walsh TK, Tay WT, Gordon KHJ, James W, Czepak C, Otim MH, Kachigamba D, Wu Y. Whole-genome sequencing to detect mutations associated with resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda. Insect Sci 2021; 28:627-638. [PMID: 32558234 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major pest native to the Americas that has recently invaded the Old World. Point mutations in the target-site proteins acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1), voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) have been identified in S. frugiperda as major resistance mechanisms to organophosphate, pyrethroid and diamide insecticides respectively. Mutations in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter C2 gene (ABCC2) have also been identified to confer resistance to Cry1F protein. In this study, we applied a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach to identify point mutations in the target-site genes in 150 FAW individuals collected from China, Malawi, Uganda and Brazil. This approach revealed three amino acid substitutions (A201S, G227A and F290V) of S. frugiperda ace-1, which are known to be associated with organophosphate resistance. The Brazilian population had all three ace-1 point mutations and the 227A allele (mean frequency = 0.54) was the most common. Populations from China, Malawi and Uganda harbored two of the three ace-1 point mutations (A201S and F290V) with the 290V allele (0.47-0.58) as the dominant allele. Point mutations in VGSC (T929I, L932F and L1014F) and RyR (I4790M and G4946E) were not detected in any of the 150 individuals. A novel 12-bp insertion mutation in exon 15 of the ABCC2 gene was identified in some of the Brazilian individuals but absent in the invasive populations. Our results not only demonstrate robustness of the WGS-based genomic approach for detection of resistance mutations, but also provide insights for improvement of resistance management tactics in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiwen Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amanda Padovan
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tom K Walsh
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Karl H J Gordon
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - William James
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Donald Kachigamba
- Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Olszewska DA, Fearon C, McGuigan C, McVeigh TP, Houlden H, Polke JM, Lawlor B, Coen R, Hutchinson M, Hutton M, Beausang A, Delon I, Brett F, Sevastou I, Seto-Salvia N, de Silva R, Lynch T. A clinical, molecular genetics and pathological study of a FTDP-17 family with a heterozygous splicing variant c.823-10G>T at the intron 9/exon 10 of the MAPT gene. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:343.e1-343.e8. [PMID: 34274155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the first clinical-radiological-genetic-molecular-pathological study of a kindred with c.823-10G>T MAPT intronic variant (rs63749974) associated with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). We describe the clinical spectrum within this family and emphasize the association between MAPT gene variants and motor neuron disease. This report of a second family with FTDP-17 associated with c.823-10G>T MAPT variant strongly supports pathogenicity of the variant and confirms it is a 4-repeat (4R) tauopathy. This intronic point mutation, probably strengthens the polypyrimidine tract and alters the splicing of exon 10 (10 nucleotides into intron 9) close to the 3' splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Olszewska
- Department of Neurology, Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Fearon
- Department of Neurology, Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - James M Polke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Robert Coen
- Mercer's Institute of Aging, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Michael Hutton
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Beausang
- Eli Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Isabelle Delon
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Francesca Brett
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ioanna Sevastou
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nuria Seto-Salvia
- East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tim Lynch
- Department of Neurology, Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Health affairs, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Ireland East Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Lin MT, Orr DJ, Worrall D, Parry MAJ, Carmo-Silva E, Hanson MR. A procedure to introduce point mutations into the Rubisco large subunit gene in wild-type plants. Plant J 2021; 106:876-887. [PMID: 33576096 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic inefficiencies limit the productivity and sustainability of crop production and the resilience of agriculture to future societal and environmental challenges. Rubisco is a key target for improvement as it plays a central role in carbon fixation during photosynthesis and is remarkably inefficient. Introduction of mutations to the chloroplast-encoded Rubisco large subunit rbcL is of particular interest for improving the catalytic activity and efficiency of the enzyme. However, manipulation of rbcL is hampered by its location in the plastome, with many species recalcitrant to plastome transformation, and by the plastid's efficient repair system, which can prevent effective maintenance of mutations introduced with homologous recombination. Here we present a system where the introduction of a number of silent mutations into rbcL within the model plant Nicotiana tabacum facilitates simplified screening via additional restriction enzyme sites. This system was used to successfully generate a range of transplastomic lines from wild-type N. tabacum with stable point mutations within rbcL in 40% of the transformants, allowing assessment of the effect of these mutations on Rubisco assembly and activity. With further optimization the approach offers a viable way forward for mutagenic testing of Rubisco function in planta within tobacco and modification of rbcL in other crops where chloroplast transformation is feasible. The transformation strategy could also be applied to introduce point mutations in other chloroplast-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat T Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Dawn Worrall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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19
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Belyeu JR, Brand H, Wang H, Zhao X, Pedersen BS, Feusier J, Gupta M, Nicholas TJ, Brown J, Baird L, Devlin B, Sanders SJ, Jorde LB, Talkowski ME, Quinlan AR. De novo structural mutation rates and gamete-of-origin biases revealed through genome sequencing of 2,396 families. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:597-607. [PMID: 33675682 PMCID: PMC8059337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Each human genome includes de novo mutations that arose during gametogenesis. While these germline mutations represent a fundamental source of new genetic diversity, they can also create deleterious alleles that impact fitness. Whereas the rate and patterns of point mutations in the human germline are now well understood, far less is known about the frequency and features that impact de novo structural variants (dnSVs). We report a family-based study of germline mutations among 9,599 human genomes from 33 multigenerational CEPH-Utah families and 2,384 families from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. We find that de novo structural mutations detected by alignment-based, short-read WGS occur at an overall rate of at least 0.160 events per genome in unaffected individuals, and we observe a significantly higher rate (0.206 per genome) in ASD-affected individuals. In both probands and unaffected samples, nearly 73% of de novo structural mutations arose in paternal gametes, and we predict most de novo structural mutations to be caused by mutational mechanisms that do not require sequence homology. After multiple testing correction, we did not observe a statistically significant correlation between parental age and the rate of de novo structural variation in offspring. These results highlight that a spectrum of mutational mechanisms contribute to germline structural mutations and that these mechanisms most likely have markedly different rates and selective pressures than those leading to point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Belyeu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harold Wang
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuefang Zhao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brent S Pedersen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julie Feusier
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Meenal Gupta
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas J Nicholas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joseph Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lisa Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lynn B Jorde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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20
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Vergara IA, Mintoff CP, Sandhu S, McIntosh L, Young RJ, Wong SQ, Colebatch A, Cameron DL, Kwon JL, Wolfe R, Peng A, Ellul J, Dou X, Fedele C, Boyle S, Arnau GM, Raleigh J, Hatzimihalis A, Szeto P, Mooi J, Widmer DS, Cheng PF, Amann V, Dummer R, Hayward N, Wilmott J, Scolyer RA, Cho RJ, Bowtell D, Thorne H, Alsop K, Cordner S, Woodford N, Leditschke J, O'Brien P, Dawson SJ, McArthur GA, Mann GJ, Levesque MP, Papenfuss AT, Shackleton M. Evolution of late-stage metastatic melanoma is dominated by aneuploidy and whole genome doubling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1434. [PMID: 33664264 PMCID: PMC7933255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is initiated by acquisition of point mutations and limited focal copy number alterations in melanocytes-of-origin, the nature of genetic changes that characterise lethal metastatic disease is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the evolution of human melanoma progressing from early to late disease in 13 patients by sampling their tumours at multiple sites and times. Whole exome and genome sequencing data from 88 tumour samples reveals only limited gain of point mutations generally, with net mutational loss in some metastases. In contrast, melanoma evolution is dominated by whole genome doubling and large-scale aneuploidy, in which widespread loss of heterozygosity sculpts the burden of point mutations, neoantigens and structural variants even in treatment-naïve and primary cutaneous melanomas in some patients. These results imply that dysregulation of genomic integrity is a key driver of selective clonal advantage during melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A Vergara
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Lachlan McIntosh
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Q Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Daniel L Cameron
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Lai Kwon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Peng
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xuelin Dou
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Fedele
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha Boyle
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Pacman Szeto
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mooi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Widmer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Amann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Hayward
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raymond J Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Cordner
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Noel Woodford
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie Leditschke
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia O'Brien
- The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute of Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark Shackleton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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21
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Kudryavtsev D, Isaeva A, Barkova D, Spirova E, Mukhutdinova R, Kasheverov I, Tsetlin V. Point Mutations of Nicotinic Receptor α1 Subunit Reveal New Molecular Features of G153S Slow-Channel Myasthenia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051278. [PMID: 33652901 PMCID: PMC7956382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndromes (SCCMSs) are rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits. Most of the known SCCMS-associated mutations localize at the transmembrane region near the ion pore. Only two SCCMS point mutations are at the extracellular domains near the acetylcholine binding site, α1(G153S) being one of them. In this work, a combination of molecular dynamics, targeted mutagenesis, fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology has been applied to G153S mutant muscle nAChR to investigate the role of hydrogen bonds formed by Ser 153 with C-loop residues near the acetylcholine-binding site. Introduction of L199T mutation to the C-loop in the vicinity of Ser 153 changed hydrogen bonds distribution, decreased acetylcholine potency (EC50 2607 vs. 146 nM) of the double mutant and decay kinetics of acetylcholine-evoked cytoplasmic Ca2+ rise (τ 14.2 ± 0.3 vs. 34.0 ± 0.4 s). These results shed light on molecular mechanisms of nAChR activation-desensitization and on the involvement of such mechanisms in channelopathy genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia Isaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daria Barkova
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Spirova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
| | - Renata Mukhutdinova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (I.K.); (V.T.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine, MePhi, 115409 Moscow, Russia
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22
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López-Villamizar I, Cabezas A, Pinto RM, Canales J, Ribeiro JM, Rodrigues JR, Costas MJ, Cameselle JC. Molecular Dissection of Escherichia coli CpdB: Roles of the N Domain in Catalysis and Phosphate Inhibition, and of the C Domain in Substrate Specificity and Adenosine Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041977. [PMID: 33671286 PMCID: PMC7922932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CpdB is a 3′-nucleotidase/2′3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, active also with reasonable efficiency on cyclic dinucleotides like c-di-AMP (3′,5′-cyclic diadenosine monophosphate) and c-di-GMP (3′,5′-cyclic diadenosine monophosphate). These are regulators of bacterial physiology, but are also pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by STING to induce IFN-β response in infected hosts. The cpdB gene of Gram-negative and its homologs of gram-positive bacteria are virulence factors. Their protein products are extracytoplasmic enzymes (either periplasmic or cell–wall anchored) and can hydrolyze extracellular cyclic dinucleotides, thus reducing the innate immune responses of infected hosts. This makes CpdB(-like) enzymes potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies in infectious diseases, bringing about the necessity to gain insight into the molecular bases of their catalytic behavior. We have dissected the two-domain structure of Escherichia coli CpdB to study the role of its N-terminal and C-terminal domains (CpdB_Ndom and CpdB_Cdom). The specificity, kinetics and inhibitor sensitivity of point mutants of CpdB, and truncated proteins CpdB_Ndom and CpdB_Cdom were investigated. CpdB_Ndom contains the catalytic site, is inhibited by phosphate but not by adenosine, while CpdB_Cdom is inactive but contains a substrate-binding site that determines substrate specificity and adenosine inhibition of CpdB. Among CpdB substrates, 3′-AMP, cyclic dinucleotides and linear dinucleotides are strongly dependent on the CpdB_Cdom binding site for activity, as the isolated CpdB_Ndom showed much-diminished activity on them. In contrast, 2′,3′-cyclic mononucleotides and bis-4-nitrophenylphosphate were actively hydrolyzed by CpdB_Ndom, indicating that they are rather independent of the CpdB_Cdom binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iralis López-Villamizar
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Alicia Cabezas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Rosa María Pinto
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - José Canales
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - João Meireles Ribeiro
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- Laboratório Associado LSRE-LCM, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
| | - María Jesús Costas
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
| | - José Carlos Cameselle
- Grupo de Enzimología, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (I.L.-V.); (A.C.); (R.M.P.); (J.C.); (J.M.R.); (M.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-470
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Chen L, Wu Y, Bai H, Liu H, Li X. A double mutation of BRAF L597Q and V600E in situ and solitary brain metastasis of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24458. [PMID: 33578538 PMCID: PMC7886408 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The rare BRAF L597Q (c.T1790A) point mutation has been previously reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We present the first rare case of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma with BRAF L597Q mutation in a Tibetan patient. PATIENT CONCERNS A 57-year-old male patient presented with a protruding mass on the left forehead for 2 years and numbness in the right limb for 3 weeks. DIAGNOSES The patient had a double mutation of BRAF L597Q and V600E in 2 separate lesions at thyroid and brain, the immunohistochemical staining showed that the cytokeratin (CK), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid transforming factor-1 (TTF-1) were immunoreactive. All the findings supported the diagnosis of solitary brain metastasis of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent left frontal lobe metastasis (thyroid cancer) resection that involved craniectomy and artificial skull repair. OUTCOMES During the 24-month follow-up, no postoperative complications or recurrence and metastasis were found. LESSONS This is the first case of solitary brain metastasis of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma with double mutation of BRAF L597Q and V600E in 2 separate lesions reported in the literature. Our study extends the disease spectrum of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma and suggests that the BRAF L597Q mutation might play a specific role in inducing the solitary brain metastasis of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma in a Chinese Tibetan patient, but the detailed molecular mechanism remains to be confirmed by a large number of functional experiments and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Doctor of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yue Wu
- Bachelor of Medicine, Oncology Department
| | - Huili Bai
- Master of Medicine, Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Huandong Liu
- Bachelor of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Master of Medicine, Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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Cardona-Benavides IJ, de Ramón C, Gutiérrez NC. Genetic Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33562668 PMCID: PMC7914805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some genetic abnormalities of multiple myeloma (MM) detected more than two decades ago remain major prognostic factors. In recent years, the introduction of cutting-edge genomic methodologies has enabled the extensive deciphering of genomic events in MM. Although none of the alterations newly discovered have significantly improved the stratification of the outcome of patients with MM, some of them, point mutations in particular, are promising targets for the development of personalized medicine. This review summarizes the main genetic abnormalities described in MM together with their prognostic impact, and the therapeutic approaches potentially aimed at abrogating the undesirable pathogenic effect of each alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J. Cardona-Benavides
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina de Ramón
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C. Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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25
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Harris LD, Le Pen J, Scholz N, Mieszczanek J, Vaughan N, Davis S, Berridge G, Kessler BM, Bienz M, Licchesi JDF. The deubiquitinase TRABID stabilizes the K29/K48-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100246. [PMID: 33853758 PMCID: PMC7948964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a versatile posttranslational modification, which is covalently attached to protein targets either as a single moiety or as a ubiquitin chain. In contrast to K48 and K63-linked chains, which have been extensively studied, the regulation and function of most atypical ubiquitin chains are only starting to emerge. The deubiquitinase TRABID/ZRANB1 is tuned for the recognition and cleavage of K29 and K33-linked chains. Yet, substrates of TRABID and the cellular functions of these atypical ubiquitin signals remain unclear. We determined the interactome of two TRABID constructs rendered catalytic dead either through a point mutation in the catalytic cysteine residue or through removal of the OTU catalytic domain. We identified 50 proteins trapped by both constructs and which therefore represent candidate substrates of TRABID. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 was then validated as a substrate of TRABID and used UbiCREST and Ub-AQUA proteomics to show that HECTD1 preferentially assembles K29- and K48-linked ubiquitin chains. Further in vitro autoubiquitination assays using ubiquitin mutants established that while HECTD1 can assemble short homotypic K29 and K48-linked chains, it requires branching at K29/K48 in order to achieve its full ubiquitin ligase activity. We next used transient knockdown and genetic knockout of TRABID in mammalian cells in order to determine the functional relationship between TRABID and HECTD1. This revealed that upon TRABID depletion, HECTD1 is readily degraded. Thus, this study identifies HECTD1 as a mammalian E3 ligase that assembles branched K29/K48 chains and also establishes TRABID-HECTD1 as a DUB/E3 pair regulating K29 linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee D Harris
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Janic Le Pen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Scholz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Juliusz Mieszczanek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Vaughan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Berridge
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julien D F Licchesi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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26
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Zheng X, Amos CI, Frost HR. Cancer prognosis prediction using somatic point mutation and copy number variation data: a comparison of gene-level and pathway-based models. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:467. [PMID: 33081688 PMCID: PMC7574407 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic profiling of solid human tumors by projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has provided important information regarding the somatic alterations that drive cancer progression and patient survival. Although researchers have successfully leveraged TCGA data to build prognostic models, most efforts have focused on specific cancer types and a targeted set of gene-level predictors. Less is known about the prognostic ability of pathway-level variables in a pan-cancer setting. To address these limitations, we systematically evaluated and compared the prognostic ability of somatic point mutation (SPM) and copy number variation (CNV) data, gene-level and pathway-level models for a diverse set of TCGA cancer types and predictive modeling approaches. RESULTS We evaluated gene-level and pathway-level penalized Cox proportional hazards models using SPM and CNV data for 29 different TCGA cohorts. We measured predictive accuracy as the concordance index for predicting survival outcomes. Our comprehensive analysis suggests that the use of pathway-level predictors did not offer superior predictive power relative to gene-level models for all cancer types but had the advantages of robustness and parsimony. We identified a set of cohorts for which somatic alterations could not predict prognosis, and a unique cohort LGG, for which SPM data was more predictive than CNV data and the predictive accuracy is good for all model types. We found that the pathway-level predictors provide superior interpretative value and that there is often a serious collinearity issue for the gene-level models while pathway-level models avoided this issue. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis suggests that when using somatic alterations data for cancer prognosis prediction, pathway-level models are more interpretable, stable and parsimonious compared to gene-level models. Pathway-level models also avoid the issue of collinearity, which can be serious for gene-level somatic alterations. The prognostic power of somatic alterations is highly variable across different cancer types and we have identified a set of cohorts for which somatic alterations could not predict prognosis. In general, CNV data predicts prognosis better than SPM data with the exception of the LGG cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - H Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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27
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Kawano K, Koide S, Imamura C. Seq2seq Fingerprint with Byte-Pair Encoding for Predicting Changes in Protein Stability upon Single Point Mutation. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2020; 17:1762-1772. [PMID: 30946675 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2908641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of stable proteins is crucial for various industrial purposes. Several machine learning methods have been developed to predict changes in the stability of proteins corresponding to single point mutations. To improve the prediction accuracy, we propose a new unsupervised descriptor for protein sequences, which is based on a sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) neural network model combined with a sequence-compression method called byte-pair encoding (BPE). Our results demonstrate that BPE can encode a protein sequence into a sequence of shorter length, thereby enabling efficient training of the seq2seq model. Furthermore, we implement a basic predictor using the proposed descriptor, and our experimental results demonstrate that the predictor achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in tests for proteins that are not included in the training data.
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28
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Wang X, Xu JZ, Conrey A, Mendelsohn L, Shriner D, Pirooznia M, Thein SL. Whole genome sequence-based haplotypes reveal a single origin of the 1393 bp HBB deletion. J Med Genet 2020; 57:567-570. [PMID: 32001505 PMCID: PMC10692763 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of HBB give rise to two prevalent haemoglobin disorders-sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassaemia. While SCD is caused by a single base substitution, nearly 300 mutations that downregulate expression of HBB have been described. The vast majority of β-thalassaemia alleles are point mutations or small insertion/deletions within the HBB gene; deletions causing β-thalassaemia are very rare. We have identified three individuals with haemoglobin Sβ0-thalassaemia in which the β0-thalassaemia mutation is caused by a large deletion. OBJECTIVE To use whole genome sequence data to determine whether these deletions arose from a single origin. METHODS We used two approaches to confirm unrelatedness: pairwise comparison of SNPs and identity by descent analysis. Eagle, V.2.4, was used to generate phased haplotypes for the 683 individuals. The Neighbor-Net method implemented in SplitsTree V.4.13.1 was used to construct the network of haplotypes. RESULTS All three deletions involved 1393 bp, encompassing the β-promoter, exons 1 and 2, and part of intron 2, with identical breakpoints. The cases were confirmed to be unrelated. Haplotypes based on 29 SNPs in the HBB cluster showed that the three individuals harboured different βS haplotypes. In contrast, the haplotype harbouring the 1393 bp deletion was the same in all three individuals. CONCLUSION We suggest that all the reported cases of the 1393 bp HBB deletion, including the three cases here, are likely to be of the same ancestral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunde Wang
- Sickle Cell Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Z Xu
- Sickle Cell Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Conrey
- Sickle Cell Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Carpentier M, Chomilier J. Analyses of displacements resulting from a point mutation in proteins. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107543. [PMID: 32522553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a single residue substitution on the protein backbone are frequently quite small and there are many other potential sources of structural variation for protein. We present here a methodology considering different sources of distortions in order to isolate the very effect of the mutation. To validate our methodology, we consider a well-studied family with many single mutants: the human lysozyme. Most of the perturbations are expected to be at the very localisation of the mutation, but in many cases the effects are propagated at long range. We show that the distances between the mutated residue and the 5% most disturbed residues exponentially decreases. One third of the affected residues are in direct contact with the mutated position; the remaining two thirds are potential allosteric effects. We confirm the reliability of the residues identified as significantly perturbed by comparing our results to experimental studies. We confirm with the present method all the previously identified perturbations. This study shows that mutations have long-range impact on protein backbone that can be detected, although the displacement of the affected atoms is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Carpentier
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jacques Chomilier
- Sorbonne Université, BiBiP IMPMC UMR 7590, CNRS, MNHN, Paris, France.
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30
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Wilson MH, Rajan S, Danoff A, White RJ, Hensley MR, Quinlivan VH, Recacha R, Thierer JH, Tan FJ, Busch-Nentwich EM, Ruddock L, Hussain MM, Farber SA. A point mutation decouples the lipid transfer activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008941. [PMID: 32760060 PMCID: PMC7444587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (B-lps) are essential for the transport of hydrophobic dietary and endogenous lipids through the circulation in vertebrates. Zebrafish embryos produce large numbers of B-lps in the yolk syncytial layer (YSL) to move lipids from yolk to growing tissues. Disruptions in B-lp production perturb yolk morphology, readily allowing for visual identification of mutants with altered B-lp metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a missense mutation in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mtp), a protein that is essential for B-lp production. This mutation of a conserved glycine residue to valine (zebrafish G863V, human G865V) reduces B-lp production and results in yolk opacity due to aberrant accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in the YSL. However, this phenotype is milder than that of the previously reported L475P stalactite (stl) mutation. MTP transfers lipids, including triglycerides and phospholipids, to apolipoprotein B in the ER for B-lp assembly. In vitro lipid transfer assays reveal that while both MTP mutations eliminate triglyceride transfer activity, the G863V mutant protein unexpectedly retains ~80% of phospholipid transfer activity. This residual phospholipid transfer activity of the G863V mttp mutant protein is sufficient to support the secretion of small B-lps, which prevents intestinal fat malabsorption and growth defects observed in the mttpstl/stl mutant zebrafish. Modeling based on the recent crystal structure of the heterodimeric human MTP complex suggests the G865V mutation may block triglyceride entry into the lipid-binding cavity. Together, these data argue that selective inhibition of MTP triglyceride transfer activity may be a feasible therapeutic approach to treat dyslipidemia and provide structural insight for drug design. These data also highlight the power of yolk transport studies to identify proteins critical for B-lp biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Wilson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sujith Rajan
- New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - Aidan Danoff
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. White
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monica R. Hensley
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vanessa H. Quinlivan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rosario Recacha
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - James H. Thierer
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frederick J. Tan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Mahmood Hussain
- New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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31
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Hosszu LLP, Conners R, Sangar D, Batchelor M, Sawyer EB, Fisher S, Cliff MJ, Hounslow AM, McAuley K, Leo Brady R, Jackson GS, Bieschke J, Waltho JP, Collinge J. Structural effects of the highly protective V127 polymorphism on human prion protein. Commun Biol 2020; 3:402. [PMID: 32728168 PMCID: PMC7391680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, a group of incurable, lethal neurodegenerative disorders of mammals including humans, are caused by prions, assemblies of misfolded host prion protein (PrP). A single point mutation (G127V) in human PrP prevents prion disease, however the structural basis for its protective effect remains unknown. Here we show that the mutation alters and constrains the PrP backbone conformation preceding the PrP β-sheet, stabilising PrP dimer interactions by increasing intermolecular hydrogen bonding. It also markedly changes the solution dynamics of the β2-α2 loop, a region of PrP structure implicated in prion transmission and cross-species susceptibility. Both of these structural changes may affect access to protein conformers susceptible to prion formation and explain its profound effect on prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo L P Hosszu
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Rebecca Conners
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
- University of Bristol, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Clifton, BS8 1TD, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Daljit Sangar
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Mark Batchelor
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Sawyer
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Stuart Fisher
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- ESRF, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Matthew J Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Andrea M Hounslow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katherine McAuley
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - R Leo Brady
- University of Bristol, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Clifton, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Graham S Jackson
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Jan Bieschke
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - Jonathan P Waltho
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK.
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32
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Yan W, Markegard E, Dharmaiah S, Urisman A, Drew M, Esposito D, Scheffzek K, Nissley DV, McCormick F, Simanshu DK. Structural Insights into the SPRED1-Neurofibromin-KRAS Complex and Disruption of SPRED1-Neurofibromin Interaction by Oncogenic EGFR. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107909. [PMID: 32697994 PMCID: PMC7437355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing (SPRED) proteins negatively regulate RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling following growth factor stimulation. This inhibition of RAS is thought to occur primarily through SPRED1 binding and recruitment of neurofibromin, a RasGAP, to the plasma membrane. Here, we report the structure of neurofibromin (GTPase-activating protein [GAP]-related domain) complexed with SPRED1 (EVH1 domain) and KRAS. The structure provides insight into how the membrane targeting of neurofibromin by SPRED1 allows simultaneous interaction with activated KRAS. SPRED1 and NF1 loss-of-function mutations occur across multiple cancer types and developmental diseases. Analysis of the neurofibromin-SPRED1 interface provides a rationale for mutations observed in Legius syndrome and suggests why SPRED1 can bind to neurofibromin but no other RasGAPs. We show that oncogenic EGFR(L858R) signaling leads to the phosphorylation of SPRED1 on serine 105, disrupting the SPRED1-neurofibromin complex. The structural, biochemical, and biological results provide new mechanistic insights about how SPRED1 interacts with neurofibromin and regulates active KRAS levels in normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupeng Yan
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Evan Markegard
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Srisathiyanarayanan Dharmaiah
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew Drew
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Klaus Scheffzek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dwight V Nissley
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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Langin L, Johnson TB, Kovács AD, Pearce DA, Weimer JM. A tailored Cln3 Q352X mouse model for testing therapeutic interventions in CLN3 Batten disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10591. [PMID: 32601357 PMCID: PMC7324379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN3 Batten disease (CLN3 disease) is a pediatric lysosomal storage disorder that presents with progressive blindness, motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. CLN3 disease results from mutations in CLN3 with the most prevalent mutation, a 966 bp deletion spanning exons 7-8, affecting ~ 75% of patients. Mouse models with complete Cln3 deletion or Cln3Δex7/8 mutation have been invaluable for learning about both the basic biology of CLN3 and the underlying pathological changes associated with CLN3 disease. These models, however, vary in their disease presentation and are limited in their utility for studying the role of nonsense mediated decay, and as a consequence, in testing nonsense suppression therapies and read-through compounds. In order to develop a model containing a disease-causing nonsense point mutation, here we describe a first-of-its-kind Cln3Q352X mouse model containing a c.1054C > T (p.Gln352Ter) point mutation. Similar to previously characterized Cln3 mutant mouse lines, this novel model shows pathological deficits throughout the CNS including accumulation of lysosomal storage material and glial activation, and has limited perturbation in behavioral measures. Thus, at the molecular and cellular level, this mouse line provides a valuable tool for testing nonsense suppression therapies or read through compounds in CLN3 disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Langin
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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Fichtner F, Olas JJ, Feil R, Watanabe M, Krause U, Hoefgen R, Stitt M, Lunn JE. Functional Features of TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1, an Essential Enzyme in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:1949-1972. [PMID: 32276986 PMCID: PMC7268806 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE1 (TPS1) catalyzes the synthesis of the sucrose-signaling metabolite trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) and is essential for embryogenesis and normal postembryonic growth and development. To understand its molecular functions, we transformed the embryo-lethal tps1-1 null mutant with various forms of TPS1 and with a heterologous TPS (OtsA) from Escherichia coli, under the control of the TPS1 promoter, and tested for complementation. TPS1 protein localized predominantly in the phloem-loading zone and guard cells in leaves, root vasculature, and shoot apical meristem, implicating it in both local and systemic signaling of Suc status. The protein is targeted mainly to the nucleus. Restoring Tre6P synthesis was both necessary and sufficient to rescue the tps1-1 mutant through embryogenesis. However, postembryonic growth and the sucrose-Tre6P relationship were disrupted in some complementation lines. A point mutation (A119W) in the catalytic domain or truncating the C-terminal domain of TPS1 severely compromised growth. Despite having high Tre6P levels, these plants never flowered, possibly because Tre6P signaling was disrupted by two unidentified disaccharide-monophosphates that appeared in these plants. The noncatalytic domains of TPS1 ensure its targeting to the correct subcellular compartment and its catalytic fidelity and are required for appropriate signaling of Suc status by Tre6P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Raimer AC, Singh SS, Edula MR, Paris-Davila T, Vandadi V, Spring AM, Matera AG. Temperature-sensitive spinal muscular atrophy-causing point mutations lead to SMN instability, locomotor defects and premature lethality in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043307. [PMID: 32501283 PMCID: PMC7325441 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of death in young children, arising from homozygous deletion or mutation of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN protein expressed from a paralogous gene, SMN2, is the primary genetic modifier of SMA; small changes in overall SMN levels cause dramatic changes in disease severity. Thus, deeper insight into mechanisms that regulate SMN protein stability should lead to better therapeutic outcomes. Here, we show that SMA patient-derived missense mutations in the Drosophila SMN Tudor domain exhibit a pronounced temperature sensitivity that affects organismal viability, larval locomotor function and adult longevity. These disease-related phenotypes are domain specific and result from decreased SMN stability at elevated temperature. This system was utilized to manipulate SMN levels during various stages of Drosophila development. Owing to a large maternal contribution of mRNA and protein, Smn is not expressed zygotically during embryogenesis. Interestingly, we find that only baseline levels of SMN are required during larval stages, whereas high levels of the protein are required during pupation. This previously uncharacterized period of elevated SMN expression, during which the majority of adult tissues are formed and differentiated, could be an important and translationally relevant developmental stage in which to study SMN function. Taken together, these findings illustrate a novel in vivo role for the SMN Tudor domain in maintaining SMN homeostasis and highlight the necessity for high SMN levels at crucial developmental time points that are conserved from Drosophila to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Raimer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Suhana S Singh
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Maina R Edula
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tamara Paris-Davila
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vasudha Vandadi
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ashlyn M Spring
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - A Gregory Matera
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Volkova NV, Meier B, González-Huici V, Bertolini S, Gonzalez S, Vöhringer H, Abascal F, Martincorena I, Campbell PJ, Gartner A, Gerstung M. Mutational signatures are jointly shaped by DNA damage and repair. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2169. [PMID: 32358516 PMCID: PMC7195458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells possess an armamentarium of DNA repair pathways to counter DNA damage and prevent mutation. Here we use C. elegans whole genome sequencing to systematically quantify the contributions of these factors to mutational signatures. We analyse 2,717 genomes from wild-type and 53 DNA repair defective backgrounds, exposed to 11 genotoxins, including UV-B and ionizing radiation, alkylating compounds, aristolochic acid, aflatoxin B1, and cisplatin. Combined genotoxic exposure and DNA repair deficiency alters mutation rates or signatures in 41% of experiments, revealing how different DNA alterations induced by the same genotoxin are mended by separate repair pathways. Error-prone translesion synthesis causes the majority of genotoxin-induced base substitutions, but averts larger deletions. Nucleotide excision repair prevents up to 99% of point mutations, almost uniformly across the mutation spectrum. Our data show that mutational signatures are joint products of DNA damage and repair and suggest that multiple factors underlie signatures observed in cancer genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V Volkova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, CB10, 1SD, UK
| | - Bettina Meier
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Víctor González-Huici
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simone Bertolini
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Santiago Gonzalez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, CB10, 1SD, UK
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harald Vöhringer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, CB10, 1SD, UK
| | - Federico Abascal
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Iñigo Martincorena
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland.
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moritz Gerstung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Hinxton, CB10, 1SD, UK.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Marelli S, Williamson JC, Protasio AV, Naamati A, Greenwood EJD, Deane JE, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ. Antagonism of PP2A is an independent and conserved function of HIV-1 Vif and causes cell cycle arrest. eLife 2020; 9:e53036. [PMID: 32292164 PMCID: PMC7920553 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal description of the cellular restriction factor APOBEC3G and its antagonism by HIV-1 Vif has underpinned two decades of research on the host-virus interaction. We recently reported that HIV-1 Vif is also able to degrade the PPP2R5 family of regulatory subunits of key cellular phosphatase PP2A (PPP2R5A-E; Greenwood et al., 2016; Naamati et al., 2019). We now identify amino acid polymorphisms at positions 31 and 128 of HIV-1 Vif which selectively regulate the degradation of PPP2R5 family proteins. These residues covary across HIV-1 viruses in vivo, favouring depletion of PPP2R5A-E. Through analysis of point mutants and naturally occurring Vif variants, we further show that degradation of PPP2R5 family subunits is both necessary and sufficient for Vif-dependent G2/M cell cycle arrest. Antagonism of PP2A by HIV-1 Vif is therefore independent of APOBEC3 family proteins, and regulates cell cycle progression in HIV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marelli
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - James C Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna V Protasio
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Adi Naamati
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward JD Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Janet E Deane
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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38
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Cheng X, Xin M, Xu R, Chen Z, Cai W, Chai L, Xu H, Jia L, Feng Z, Wang Z, Peng H, Yao Y, Hu Z, Guo W, Ni Z, Sun Q. A Single Amino Acid Substitution in STKc_GSK3 Kinase Conferring Semispherical Grains and Its Implications for the Origin of Triticum sphaerococcum. Plant Cell 2020; 32:923-934. [PMID: 32060175 PMCID: PMC7145488 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Six subspecies of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) have been identified, but the origin of Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum), the only subspecies with round grains, is currently unknown. Here, we isolated the grain-shape gene Tasg-D1 in T sphaerococcum via positional cloning. Tasg-D1 encodes a Ser/Thr protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase3 (STKc_GSK3) that negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling. Expression of TaSG-D1 and the mutant form Tasg-D1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suggested that a single amino acid substitution in the Thr-283-Arg-284-Glu-285-Glu-286 domain of TaSG-D1 enhances protein stability in response to brassinosteroids, likely leading to formation of round grains in wheat. This gain-of-function mutation has pleiotropic effects on plant architecture and exhibits incomplete dominance. Haplotype analysis of 898 wheat accessions indicated that the origin of T sphaerococcum in ancient India involved at least two independent mutations of TaSG-D1 Our results demonstrate that modest genetic changes in a single gene can induce dramatic phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Plant Gene Research Centre, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Xu Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yao S. A point mutation in LTT1 enhances cold tolerance at the booting stage in rice. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:992-1007. [PMID: 31922260 PMCID: PMC7154693 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage is a main factor determining sustainability and regional adaptability. However, relatively few cold tolerance genes have been identified that can be effectively used in breeding programmes. Here, we show that a point mutation in the low-temperature tolerance 1 (LTT1) gene improves cold tolerance by maintaining tapetum degradation and pollen development, by activation of systems that metabolize reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cold-induced ROS accumulation is therefore prevented in the anthers of the ltt1 mutants allowing correct development. In contrast, exposure to cold stress dramatically increases ROS accumulation in the wild type anthers, together with the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with programmed cell death and with the accelerated degradation of the tapetum that ultimately leads to pollen abortion. These results demonstrate that appropriate ROS management is critical for the cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage. Hence, the ltt1 mutation can significantly improve the seed setting ability of cold-sensitive rice varieties under low-temperature stress conditions, with little yield penalty under optimal temperature conditions. This study highlights the importance of a valuable genetic resource that may be applied in rice breeding programmes to enhance cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Genome Biology CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yueming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Genome Biology CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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40
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Yoon HY, Ryu JS, Sim YS, Kim D, Lee SY, Choi J, Park S, Ryu YJ, Lee JH, Chang JH. Clinical significance of EGFR mutation types in lung adenocarcinoma: A multi-centre Korean study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228925. [PMID: 32053675 PMCID: PMC7018076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer. Some causative genomic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including deletions in exon 19 (E19 dels) and a point mutation in E21, are known to have favourable prognoses due to sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, the prognoses of other uncommon mutations are unclear. This study analysed the clinical significance of EGFR mutation types in lung adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed 1,020 subjects (mean age: 66.8 years, female: 41.7%) who were diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma, had EGFR mutation data, and did not undergo surgery from five medical institutes between 2010 and 2016. Subjects were classified according to EGFR mutation status, particularly for exon-specific mutations. EGFR positivity was defined as the presence of mutation and EGFR negativity was defined as wild-type EGFR. EGFR positivity was 38.0%, with the incidence of mutations in E18, E19, E20, and E21 was 3.6%, 51.0%, 3.4%, and 42.0%, respectively. The EGFR positive group survived significantly longer than the negative group (p<0.001), and there was a significant difference in survival among the four EGFR mutation sites (p = 0.003); E19 dels were the only significant factor that lowered mortality (HR: 0.678, p = 0.002), while an E21 mutation was the prognostic factor associated with the most increased mortality (HR: 1.365, p = 0.015). Amongst EGFR positive subjects, the proportion of E19 dels in TKI-responders was significantly higher and that of E21 mutations significantly lower, compared with non-responders. In TKI treatment, mutations in E18 and E20 were not worse factors than the E21 L858R mutation. In conclusion, the presence of EGFR mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinoma can predict a good prognosis; E19 dels prospect to have a better prognosis than other mutations, while an E21 mutation is expected to increase mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (YSS); (DK); (SYL); (JHC)
| | - Yun Su Sim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (YSS); (DK); (SYL); (JHC)
| | - Dojin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (YSS); (DK); (SYL); (JHC)
| | - Sung Yong Lee
- Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (YSS); (DK); (SYL); (JHC)
| | - Juwhan Choi
- Division of Respiratory, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Ju Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSR); (YSS); (DK); (SYL); (JHC)
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Sruthi CK, Prakash M. Deep2Full: Evaluating strategies for selecting the minimal mutational experiments for optimal computational predictions of deep mutational scan outcomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227621. [PMID: 31923916 PMCID: PMC6954071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing a complete deep mutational scan with all single point mutations may not be practical, and may not even be required, especially if predictive computational models can be developed. Computational models are however naive to cellular response in the myriads of assay-conditions. In a realistic paradigm of assay context-aware predictive hybrid models that combine minimal experimental data from deep mutational scans with structure, sequence information and computational models, we define and evaluate different strategies for choosing this minimal set. We evaluated the trivial strategy of a systematic reduction in the number of mutational studies from 85% to 15%, along with several others about the choice of the types of mutations such as random versus site-directed with the same 15% data completeness. Interestingly, the predictive capabilities by training on a random set of mutations and using a systematic substitution of all amino acids to alanine, asparagine and histidine (ANH) were comparable. Another strategy we explored, augmenting the training data with measurements of the same mutants at multiple assay conditions, did not improve the prediction quality. For the six proteins we analyzed, the bin-wise error in prediction is optimal when 50-100 mutations per bin are used in training the computational model, suggesting that good prediction quality may be achieved with a library of 500-1000 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Sruthi
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Meher Prakash
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The rational design of enzymes is a challenging research field, which plays an important role in the optimization of a wide series of biotechnological processes. Computational approaches allow screening all possible amino acid substitutions in a target protein and to identify a subset likely to have the desired properties. They can thus be used to guide and restrict the huge, time-consuming search in sequence space to reach protein optimality. Here we present HoTMuSiC, a tool that predicts the impact of point mutations on the protein melting temperature, which uses the experimental or modeled protein structure as sole input and is available at the dezyme.com website. Its main advantages include accuracy and speed, which makes it a perfect instrument for thermal stability engineering projects aiming at designing new proteins that feature increased heat resistance or remain active and stable in nonphysiological conditions. We set up a HoTMuSiC-based pipeline, which uses additional information to avoid mutations of functionally important residues, identified as being too well conserved among homologous proteins or too close to annotated functional sites. The efficiency of this pipeline is successfully demonstrated on Rhizomucor miehei lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pucci
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean Marc Kwasigroch
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang D, Guo X, Xu Y, Li H, Ma L, Yao X, Weng Y, Guo Y, Liu CM, Chong K. OsCIPK7 point-mutation leads to conformation and kinase-activity change for sensing cold response. J Integr Plant Biol 2019; 61:1194-1200. [PMID: 30912264 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) play important roles via environmental stress. However, less is known how to sense the stress in molecular structure conformation level. Here, an OsCIPK7 mutant via TILLING procedure with a point mutation in the kinase domain showed increased chilling tolerance, which could be potentially used in the molecular breeding. We found that this point mutation of OsCIPK7 led to a conformational change in the activation loop of the kinase domain, subsequently with an increase of protein kinase activity, thus conferred an increased tolerance to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Scafaro AP, De Vleesschauwer D, Bautsoens N, Hannah MA, den Boer B, Gallé A, Van Rie J. A single point mutation in the C-terminal extension of wheat Rubisco activase dramatically reduces ADP inhibition via enhanced ATP binding affinity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17931-17940. [PMID: 31530638 PMCID: PMC6879333 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase (Rca) is a AAA+ enzyme that uses ATP to remove inhibitors from the active site of Rubisco, the central carboxylation enzyme of photosynthesis. Rca α and β isoforms exist in most higher plant species, with the α isoform being identical to the β form but having an additional 25-45 amino acids at the Rca C terminus, known as the C-terminal extension (CTE). Rca is inhibited by ADP, and the extent of ADP sensitivity of the Rca complex can be modulated by the CTE of the α isoform, particularly in relation to a disulfide bond structure that is specifically reduced by the redox-regulatory enzyme thioredoxin-f. Here, we introduced single point mutations of Lys-428 in the CTE of Rca-α from wheat (Triticum aestivum) (TaRca2-α). Substitution of Lys-428 with Arg dramatically altered ADP inhibition, independently of thioredoxin-f regulation. We determined that the reduction in ADP inhibition in the K428R variant is not due to a change in ADP affinity, as the apparent constant for ADP binding was not altered by the K428R substitution. Rather, we observed that the K428R substitution strongly increased ATP substrate affinity and ATP-dependent catalytic velocity. These results suggest that the Lys-428 residue is involved in interacting with the γ-phosphate of ATP. Considering that nucleotide-dependent Rca activity regulates Rubisco and thus photosynthesis during fluctuating irradiance, the K428R substitution could potentially provide a mechanism for boosting the performance of wheat grown in the dynamic light environments of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - David De Vleesschauwer
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Nadine Bautsoens
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Matthew A Hannah
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Bart den Boer
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gallé
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark 101, Gent 9052, Belgium
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García-Miranda P, Morón-Civanto FJ, Martínez-Olivo MDM, Suárez-Luna N, Ramírez-Lorca R, Lebrato-Hernández L, Lamas-Pérez R, Navarro G, Abril-Jaramillo J, García-Sánchez MI, Casado-Chocán JL, Uclés-Sánchez AJ, Romera M, Echevarría M, Díaz-Sánchez M. Predictive Value of Serum Antibodies and Point Mutations of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG in A Cohort of Spanish Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225810. [PMID: 31752329 PMCID: PMC6887710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of IgG aquaporin-4 antibodies in the serum of patients with Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has dramatically improved the diagnosis of this disease and its distinction from multiple sclerosis. Recently, a group of patients have been described who have an NMO spectrum disorder (NMOsd) and who are seronegative for AQP4 antibodies but positive for IgG aquaporin-1 (AQP1) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AQP1 and MOG could be considered new biomarkers of this disease; and if point mutations in the gDNA of AQP4, AQP1 and MOG genes could be associated with the etiology of NMOsd. We evaluated the diagnostic capability of ELISA and cell-based assays (CBA), and analyzed their reliability, specificity, and sensitivity in detecting antibodies against these three proteins. The results showed that both assays can recognize these antigen proteins under appropriate conditions, but only anti-AQP4 antibodies, and not AQP1 or MOG, appears to be a clear biomarker for NMOsd. CBA is the best method for detecting these antibodies; and serum levels of AQP4 antibodies do not correlate with the progression of this disease. So far, the sequencing analysis has not revealed a genetic basis for the etiology of NMOsd, but a more extensive analysis is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Miranda
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
| | - Francisco J. Morón-Civanto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
| | - Maria del Mar Martínez-Olivo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
| | - Nela Suárez-Luna
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
| | - Reposo Ramírez-Lorca
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
| | - Lucía Lebrato-Hernández
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.L.-H.); (R.L.-P.); (J.L.C.-C.); (A.J.U.-S.)
| | - Raquel Lamas-Pérez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.L.-H.); (R.L.-P.); (J.L.C.-C.); (A.J.U.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Navarro
- Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (G.N.); (J.A.-J.); (M.I.G.-S.)
| | - Javier Abril-Jaramillo
- Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (G.N.); (J.A.-J.); (M.I.G.-S.)
| | - Maria Isabel García-Sánchez
- Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (G.N.); (J.A.-J.); (M.I.G.-S.)
| | - José Luis Casado-Chocán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.L.-H.); (R.L.-P.); (J.L.C.-C.); (A.J.U.-S.)
| | - Antonio José Uclés-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.L.-H.); (R.L.-P.); (J.L.C.-C.); (A.J.U.-S.)
| | - Mercedes Romera
- Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Miriam Echevarría
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.G.-M.); (F.J.M.-C.); (M.d.M.M.-O.); (N.S.-L.); (R.R.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (M.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-955-923036 (M.E.); +34-955-012593 (M.D.-S.)
| | - María Díaz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Servicio de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.L.-H.); (R.L.-P.); (J.L.C.-C.); (A.J.U.-S.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (M.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-955-923036 (M.E.); +34-955-012593 (M.D.-S.)
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Demonbreun AR, Wyatt EJ, Fallon KS, Oosterbaan CC, Page PG, Hadhazy M, Quattrocelli M, Barefield DY, McNally EM. A gene-edited mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2C for testing exon skipping. Dis Model Mech 2019; 13:dmm040832. [PMID: 31582396 PMCID: PMC6906631 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the γ-sarcoglycan (SGCG) gene. The most common SGCG mutation is a single nucleotide deletion from a stretch of five thymine residues in SGCG exon 6 (521ΔT). This founder mutation disrupts the transcript reading frame, abolishing protein expression. An antisense oligonucleotide exon-skipping method to reframe the human 521ΔT transcript requires skipping four exons to generate a functional, internally truncated protein. In vivo evaluation of this multi-exon skipping, antisense-mediated therapy requires a genetically appropriate mouse model. The human and mouse γ-sarcoglycan genes are highly homologous in sequence and gene structure, including the exon 6 region harboring the founder mutation. Herein, we describe a new mouse model of this form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy generated using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to introduce a single thymine deletion in murine exon 6, recreating the 521ΔT point mutation in Sgcg These mice express the 521ΔT transcript, lack γ-sarcoglycan protein and exhibit a severe dystrophic phenotype. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated reduced muscle mass, increased sarcolemmal leak and fragility, and decreased muscle function, consistent with the human pathological findings. Furthermore, we showed that intramuscular administration of a murine-specific multiple exon-directed antisense oligonucleotide cocktail effectively corrected the 521ΔT reading frame. These data demonstrate a molecularly and pathologically suitable model for in vivo testing of a multi-exon skipping strategy to advance preclinical development of this genetic correction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eugene J Wyatt
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katherine S Fallon
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Claire C Oosterbaan
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patrick G Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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47
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Fox G, Preziosi RF, Antwis RE, Benavides‐Serrato M, Combe FJ, Harris WE, Hartley IR, Kitchener AC, de Kort SR, Nekaris A, Rowntree JK. Multi-individual microsatellite identification: A multiple genome approach to microsatellite design (MiMi). Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1672-1680. [PMID: 31339632 PMCID: PMC6900094 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bespoke microsatellite marker panels are increasingly affordable and tractable to researchers and conservationists. The rate of microsatellite discovery is very high within a shotgun genomic data set, but extensive laboratory testing of markers is required for confirmation of amplification and polymorphism. By incorporating shotgun next-generation sequencing data sets from multiple individuals of the same species, we have developed a new method for the optimal design of microsatellite markers. This new tool allows us to increase the rate at which suitable candidate markers are selected by 58% in direct comparisons and facilitate an estimated 16% reduction in costs associated with producing a novel microsatellite panel. Our method enables the visualisation of each microsatellite locus in a multiple sequence alignment allowing several important quality checks to be made. Polymorphic loci can be identified and prioritised. Loci containing fragment-length-altering mutations in the flanking regions, which may invalidate assumptions regarding the model of evolution underlying variation at the microsatellite, can be avoided. Priming regions containing point mutations can be detected and avoided, helping to reduce sample-site-marker specificity arising from genetic isolation, and the likelihood of null alleles occurring. We demonstrate the utility of this new approach in two species: an echinoderm and a bird. Our method makes a valuable contribution towards minimising genotyping errors and reducing costs associated with developing a novel marker panel. The Python script to perform our method of multi-individual microsatellite identification (MiMi) is freely available from GitHub (https://github.com/graemefox/mimi).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Fox
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Richard F. Preziosi
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Rachael E. Antwis
- School of Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK
| | - Milena Benavides‐Serrato
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Universidad Nacional de ColombiaPlaya SalgueroColombia
| | - Fraser J. Combe
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Division of BiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - W. Edwin Harris
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
- Crop and Environment SciencesHarper Adams UniversityNewportUK
| | - Ian R. Hartley
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | | | - Selvino R. de Kort
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Anne‐Isola Nekaris
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Jennifer K. Rowntree
- Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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Mason ER, Wu F, Patel RR, Xiao Y, Cannon SC, Cummins TR. Resurgent and Gating Pore Currents Induced by De Novo SCN2A Epilepsy Mutations. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0141-19.2019. [PMID: 31558572 PMCID: PMC6795554 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0141-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 150 mutations in the SCN2A gene, which encodes the neuronal Nav1.2 protein, have been implicated in human epilepsy cases. Of these, R1882Q and R853Q are two of the most commonly reported mutations. This study utilized voltage-clamp electrophysiology to characterize the biophysical effects of the R1882Q and R853Q mutations on the hNav1.2 channel, including their effects on resurgent current and gating pore current, which are not typically investigated in the study of Nav1.2 channel mutations. HEK cells transiently transfected with DNA encoding either wild-type (WT) or mutant hNav1.2 revealed that the R1882Q mutation induced a gain-of-function phenotype, including slowed fast inactivation, depolarization of the voltage dependence of inactivation, and increased persistent current. In this model system, the R853Q mutation primarily produced loss-of-function effects, including reduced transient current amplitude and density, hyperpolarization of the voltage dependence of inactivation, and decreased persistent current. The presence of a Navβ4 peptide (KKLITFILKKTREK-OH) in the pipette solution induced resurgent currents, which were increased by the R1882Q mutation and decreased by the R853Q mutation. Further study of the R853Q mutation in Xenopus oocytes indicated a reduced surface expression and revealed a robust gating pore current at negative membrane potentials, a function absent in the WT channel. This not only shows that different epileptogenic point mutations in hNav1.2 have distinct biophysical effects on the channel, but also illustrates that individual mutations can have complex consequences that are difficult to identify using conventional analyses. Distinct mutations may, therefore, require tailored pharmacotherapies in order to eliminate seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Mason
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Fenfen Wu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751
| | - Reesha R Patel
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Yucheng Xiao
- School of Science, Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Stephen C Cannon
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751
| | - Theodore R Cummins
- School of Science, Biology Department Chair, Indiana University-Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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49
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Feeney CL, Lim AZ, Fagan E, Blain A, Bright A, Maddison J, Devine H, Stewart J, Taylor RW, Gorman GS, Turnbull DM, Nesbitt V, McFarland R. A case-comparison study of pregnant women with mitochondrial disease - what to expect? BJOG 2019; 126:1380-1389. [PMID: 30801962 PMCID: PMC6767368 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial disease is a disorder of energy metabolism that affects 1 in 4300 adults in the UK. Pregnancy is associated with physiological demands that have implications for energy metabolism. We were interested to know how pregnancy was affected in women with mitochondrial disease, particularly those with the most common pathogenic mutation m.3243A>G. DESIGN Retrospective case-comparison study. POPULATION/SETTING Sixty-seven women with genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease from the UK Mitochondrial Diseases Cohort and 69 unaffected women participated. METHODS Participants answered questionnaires regarding each of their pregnancies. Patients were divided into two groups according to genetic mutation, with those harbouring m.3243A>G comprising a single group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pregnancy-related complications, mode of delivery, gestational age and birthweight of newborns. RESULTS Of 139 live births in the comparison group, 62 were in the m.3243A>G group and 87 were in the 'all other mutations' group. Pregnancies of women with the m.3243A>G mutation had significantly more gestational diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 8.2, 95% CI 1.3-50.1), breathing difficulties (OR = 7.8, 95% CI 1.0-59.1) and hypertension (OR = 8.2, 95% CI 3.1-21.5) than the comparison group. Only half of the pregnancies in the m.3243A>G group had normal vaginal delivery, with emergency caesarean section accounting for 24.2% of deliveries. Babies were born significantly earlier to mothers harbouring m.3243A>G with 53.3% of them preterm (<37 weeks). These babies were also more likely to require resuscitation and admission. CONCLUSION Women who carried the m.3243A>G mutation appeared to be at higher risk of complications during pregnancies, caesarean section and preterm delivery than the unaffected women or those with other forms of mitochondrial disease. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Pregnant women with mitochondrial disease - m.3243A>G mutation - are at greatly increased risk of complications and preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- CL Feeney
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - AZ Lim
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - E Fagan
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - A Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - A Bright
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - J Maddison
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - H Devine
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular DiseasesInstitute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - J Stewart
- Newcastle Fertility CentreInternational Centre for LifeNewcastleUK
| | - RW Taylor
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - GS Gorman
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - DM Turnbull
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - V Nesbitt
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - R McFarland
- NHS Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial ResearchInstitute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
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Zheng G, Wei W, Li Y, Kan L, Wang F, Zhang X, Li F, Liu Z, Kang C. Conserved and novel roles of miR164-CUC2 regulatory module in specifying leaf and floral organ morphology in strawberry. New Phytol 2019; 224:480-492. [PMID: 31179543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of short noncoding RNA (20-24 nt), playing versatile roles in plant growth and development. Strawberry generates leaves and flowers with unique features. However, few miRNAs have been functionally characterised in strawberry, especially for their developmental regulation. Here, we identified one ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant, deeply serrated (des), in the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca that has wrinkled leaves with deeper serrations, serrated petals and deformed carpels. The causative mutation occurs in the 19th nucleotide of the FvemiR164a mature sequence. Overexpressing FveMIR164A rescued the phenotypes of des/fvemir164a except the petal serrations. Furthermore, we identified two allelic mutants of FveCUC2a, one target of FvemiR164a, which developed leaves with smooth margins and fused leaflets. Phenotypes of the double mutant fvemir164a fvecuc2a indicated that the two genes act linearly in leaf and carpel development, but synergistically in the development of other floral organs and inflorescence architecture. This work demonstrates the conserved and novel roles of the miR164-CUC2 module in leaf and flower development in different plant species, and reveals that the 19th nucleotide of FvemiR164a is important for its processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Kan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fuxi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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