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Schulz A, Patel N, Brudvig JJ, Stehr F, Weimer JM, Augustine EF. The parent and family impact of CLN3 disease: an observational survey-based study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:125. [PMID: 38500130 PMCID: PMC10949783 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLN3 disease (also known as CLN3 Batten disease or Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis) is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic mutations in CLN3. While extensive efforts have been undertaken to understand CLN3 disease etiology, pathology, and clinical progression, little is known about the impact of CLN3 disease on parents and caregivers. Here, we investigated CLN3 disease progression, clinical care, and family experiences using semi-structured interviews with 39 parents of individuals with CLN3 disease. Analysis included response categorization by independent observers and quantitative methods. RESULTS Parents reported patterns of disease progression that aligned with previous reports. Insomnia and thought- and mood-related concerns were reported frequently. "Decline in visual acuity" was the first sign/symptom noticed by n = 28 parents (70%). A minority of parents reported "behavioral issues" (n = 5, 12.5%), "communication issues" (n = 3, 7.5%), "cognitive decline" (n = 1, 2.5%), or "seizures" (n = 1, 2.5%) as the first sign/symptom. The mean time from the first signs or symptoms to a diagnosis of CLN3 disease was 2.8 years (SD = 4.1). Misdiagnosis was common, being reported by n = 24 participants (55.8%). Diagnostic tests and treatments were closely aligned with observed symptoms. Desires for improved or stabilized vision (top therapeutic treatment concern for n = 14, 32.6%), cognition (n = 8, 18.6%), and mobility (n = 3, 7%) dominated parental concerns and wishes for therapeutic correction. Family impacts were common, with n = 34 (81%) of respondents reporting a financial impact on the family and n = 20 (46.5%) reporting marital strain related to the disease. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, responses demonstrated clear patterns of disease progression, a strong desire for therapies to treat symptoms related to vision and cognition, and a powerful family impact driven by the unrelenting nature of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nita Patel
- Amicus Therapeutics, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Jon J Brudvig
- Amicus Therapeutics, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Amicus Therapeutics, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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2
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Leppert HG, Anderson JT, Timm KJ, Davoli C, Pratt MA, Booth CD, White KA, Rechtzigel MJ, Meyerink BL, Johnson TB, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. Sortilin inhibition treats multiple neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.22.559064. [PMID: 37790379 PMCID: PMC10543011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a genetically and clinically diverse group of diseases characterized by lysosomal dysfunction. Batten disease is a family of severe LSDs primarily impacting the central nervous system. Here we show that AF38469, a small molecule inhibitor of sortilin, improves lysosomal and glial pathology across multiple LSD models. Live-cell imaging and comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that the transcription factor EB (TFEB), an upstream regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, is activated upon treatment with AF38469. Utilizing CLN2 and CLN3 Batten disease mouse models, we performed a short-term efficacy study and show that treatment with AF38469 prevents the accumulation of lysosomal storage material and the development of neuroinflammation, key disease associated pathologies. Tremor phenotypes, an early behavioral phenotype in the CLN2 disease model, were also completely rescued. These findings reveal sortilin inhibition as a novel and highly efficacious therapeutic modality for the treatment of multiple forms of Batten disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G. Leppert
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | - Kaylie J. Timm
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Cristina Davoli
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Melissa A. Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Clarissa D. Booth
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | | | | | - Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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3
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Centa JL, Stratton MP, Pratt MA, Osterlund Oltmanns JR, Wallace DG, Miller SA, Weimer JM, Hastings ML. Protracted CLN3 Batten disease in mice that genetically model an exon-skipping therapeutic approach. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:15-27. [PMID: 37359347 PMCID: PMC10285469 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations that disrupt open reading frames and cause translation termination are frequent causes of human disease and are difficult to treat due to protein truncation and mRNA degradation by nonsense-mediated decay, leaving few options for traditional drug targeting. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides offer a potential therapeutic solution for diseases caused by disrupted open reading frames by inducing exon skipping to correct the open reading frame. We have recently reported on an exon-skipping antisense oligonucleotide that has a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of CLN3 Batten disease, a fatal pediatric lysosomal storage disease. To validate this therapeutic approach, we generated a mouse model that constitutively expresses the Cln3 spliced isoform induced by the antisense molecule. Behavioral and pathological analyses of these mice demonstrate a less severe phenotype compared with the CLN3 disease mouse model, providing evidence that antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping can have therapeutic efficacy in treating CLN3 Batten disease. This model highlights how protein engineering through RNA splicing modulation can be an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Centa
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Matthew P. Stratton
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Melissa A. Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Douglas G. Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Steven A. Miller
- Psychology Department, College of Health Professionals, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Michelle L. Hastings
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Keyzor I, Shohet S, Castelli J, Sitaraman S, Veleva-Rotse B, Weimer JM, Fox B, Willer T, Tuske S, Crathorne L, Belzar KJ. Therapeutic Role of Pharmacological Chaperones in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Review of the Evidence and Informed Approach to Reclassification. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1227. [PMID: 37627292 PMCID: PMC10452329 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) is rapidly evolving. An increase in the number of preclinical and clinical studies in the last decade has demonstrated that pharmacological chaperones are a feasible alternative to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for individuals with LSDs. A systematic search was performed to retrieve and critically assess the evidence from preclinical and clinical applications of pharmacological chaperones in the treatment of LSDs and to elucidate the mechanisms by which they could be effective in clinical practice. Publications were screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Fifty-two articles evaluating 12 small molecules for the treatment of seven LSDs are included in this review. Overall, a substantial amount of preclinical and clinical data support the potential of pharmacological chaperones as treatments for Fabry disease, Gaucher disease, and Pompe disease. Most of the available clinical evidence evaluated migalastat for the treatment of Fabry disease. There was a lack of consistency in the terminology used to describe pharmacological chaperones in the literature. Therefore, the new small molecule chaperone (SMC) classification system is proposed to inform a standardized approach for new, emerging small molecule therapies in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Keyzor
- Amicus Therapeutics Ltd., Marlow SL7 1HZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Fox
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Princeton, NJ 08542, USA
| | - Tobias Willer
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steve Tuske
- Amicus Therapeutics Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Louise Crathorne
- Prescript Communications Ltd., Letchworth Garden City SG6 3TA, UK
| | - Klara J. Belzar
- Prescript Communications Ltd., Letchworth Garden City SG6 3TA, UK
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5
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Swier VJ, White KA, Johnson TB, Wang X, Han J, Pearce DA, Singh R, Drack AV, Pfeifer W, Rogers CS, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. A novel porcine model of CLN3 Batten disease recapitulates clinical phenotypes. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050038. [PMID: 37305926 PMCID: PMC10434985 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of CLN3 Batten disease, a rare lysosomal storage disorder with no cure, have improved our understanding of CLN3 biology and therapeutics through their ease of use and a consistent display of cellular pathology. However, the translatability of murine models is limited by disparities in anatomy, body size, life span and inconsistent subtle behavior deficits that can be difficult to detect in CLN3 mutant mouse models, thereby limiting their use in preclinical studies. Here, we present a longitudinal characterization of a novel miniswine model of CLN3 disease that recapitulates the most common human pathogenic variant, an exon 7-8 deletion (CLN3Δex7/8). Progressive pathology and neuron loss is observed in various regions of the CLN3Δex7/8 miniswine brain and retina. Additionally, mutant miniswine present with retinal degeneration and motor abnormalities, similar to deficits seen in humans diagnosed with the disease. Taken together, the CLN3Δex7/8 miniswine model shows consistent and progressive Batten disease pathology, and behavioral impairment mirroring clinical presentation, demonstrating its value in studying the role of CLN3 and safety/efficacy of novel disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Jimin Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David A. Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Arlene V. Drack
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wanda Pfeifer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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6
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Knoernschild K, Johnson HJ, Schroeder KE, Swier VJ, White KA, Sato TS, Rogers CS, Weimer JM, Sieren JC. Magnetic resonance brain volumetry biomarkers of CLN2 Batten disease identified with miniswine model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5146. [PMID: 36991106 PMCID: PMC10060411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease (Batten disease) is a rare pediatric disease, with symptom development leading to clinical diagnosis. Early diagnosis and effective tracking of disease progression are required for treatment. We hypothesize that brain volumetry is valuable in identifying CLN2 disease at an early stage and tracking disease progression in a genetically modified miniswine model. CLN2R208X/R208X miniswine and wild type controls were evaluated at 12- and 17-months of age, correlating to early and late stages of disease progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1- and T2-weighted data were acquired. Total intercranial, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, white matter, caudate, putamen, and ventricle volumes were calculated and expressed as proportions of the intracranial volume. The brain regions were compared between timepoints and cohorts using Gardner-Altman plots, mean differences, and confidence intervals. At an early stage of disease, the total intracranial volume (- 9.06 cm3), gray matter (- 4.37% 95 CI - 7.41; - 1.83), caudate (- 0.16%, 95 CI - 0.24; - 0.08) and putamen (- 0.11% 95 CI - 0.23; - 0.02) were all notably smaller in CLN2R208X/R208X miniswines versus WT, while cerebrospinal fluid was larger (+ 3.42%, 95 CI 2.54; 6.18). As the disease progressed to a later stage, the difference between the gray matter (- 8.27%, 95 CI - 10.1; - 5.56) and cerebrospinal fluid (+ 6.88%, 95 CI 4.31; 8.51) continued to become more pronounced, while others remained stable. MRI brain volumetry in this miniswine model of CLN2 disease is sensitive to early disease detection and longitudinal change monitoring, providing a valuable tool for pre-clinical treatment development and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Knoernschild
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly E Schroeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Vicki J Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Takashi S Sato
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive cc704 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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7
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Johnson TB, Brudvig JJ, Likhite S, Pratt MA, White KA, Cain JT, Booth CD, Timm DJ, Davis SS, Meyerink B, Pineda R, Dennys-Rivers C, Kaspar BK, Meyer K, Weimer JM. Early postnatal administration of an AAV9 gene therapy is safe and efficacious in CLN3 disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1118649. [PMID: 37035740 PMCID: PMC10080320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1118649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CLN3 disease, caused by biallelic mutations in the CLN3 gene, is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disease that has no cure or disease modifying treatment. The development of effective treatments has been hindered by a lack of etiological knowledge, but gene replacement has emerged as a promising therapeutic platform for such disorders. Here, we utilize a mouse model of CLN3 disease to test the safety and efficacy of a cerebrospinal fluid-delivered AAV9 gene therapy with a study design optimized for translatability. In this model, postnatal day one administration of the gene therapy virus resulted in robust expression of human CLN3 throughout the CNS over the 24-month duration of the study. A range of histopathological and behavioral parameters were assayed, with the therapy consistently and persistently rescuing a number of hallmarks of disease while being safe and well-tolerated. Together, the results show great promise for translation of the therapy into the clinic, prompting the launch of a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT03770572).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Shibi Likhite
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Melissa A. Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ, United States
| | - Clarissa D. Booth
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Derek J. Timm
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Samantha S. Davis
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Brandon Meyerink
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Ricardo Pineda
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Brian K. Kaspar
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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8
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Hordeaux J, Ramezani A, Tuske S, Mehta N, Song C, Lynch A, Lupino K, Chichester JA, Buza EL, Dyer C, Yu H, Bell P, Weimer JM, Do H, Wilson JM. Immune transgene-dependent myocarditis in macaques after systemic administration of adeno-associated virus expressing human acid alpha-glucosidase. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094279. [PMID: 37033976 PMCID: PMC10073725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to human non-self transgenes can present challenges in preclinical studies of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy candidates in nonhuman primates. Although anti-transgene immune responses are usually mild and non-adverse, they can confound pharmacological readouts and complicate translation of results between species. We developed a gene therapy candidate for Pompe disease consisting of AAVhu68, a clade F AAV closely related to AAV9, that expresses an engineered human acid-alpha glucosidase (hGAA) tagged with an insulin-like growth factor 2 variant (vIGF2) peptide for enhanced cell uptake. Rhesus macaques were administered an intravenous dose of 1x1013 genome copies (GC)/kg, 5x1013 GC/kg, or 1 x 1014 GC/kg of AAVhu68.vIGF2.hGAA. Some unusually severe adaptive immune responses to hGAA presented, albeit with a high degree of variability between animals. Anti-hGAA responses ranged from absent to severe cytotoxic T-cell-mediated myocarditis with elevated troponin I levels. Cardiac toxicity was not dose dependent and affected five out of eleven animals. Upon further investigation, we identified an association between toxicity and a major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype (Mamu-A002.01) in three of these animals. An immunodominant peptide located in the C-terminal region of hGAA was subsequently identified via enzyme-linked immunospot epitope mapping. Another notable observation in this preclinical safety study cohort pertained to the achievement of robust and safe gene transfer upon intravenous administration of 5x1013 GC/kg in one animal with a low pre-existing neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies titer (1:20). Collectively, these findings may have significant implications for gene therapy inclusion criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Hordeaux
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali Ramezani
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Steve Tuske
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chunjuan Song
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna Lynch
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katherine Lupino
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica A. Chichester
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Buza
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia Dyer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hung Do
- Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Holmes AD, White KA, Pratt MA, Johnson TB, Likhite S, Meyer K, Weimer JM. Sex-split analysis of pathology and motor-behavioral outcomes in a mouse model of CLN8-Batten disease reveals an increased disease burden and trajectory in female Cln8 mnd mice. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:411. [PMID: 36369162 PMCID: PMC9652919 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLN8-Batten disease (CLN8 disease) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized phenotypically by progressive deterioration of motor and cognitive abilities, visual symptoms, epileptic seizures, and premature death. Mutations in CLN8 results in characteristic Batten disease symptoms and brain-wide pathology including accumulation of lysosomal storage material, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. Recent investigations of other subforms of Batten disease (CLN1, CLN3, CLN6) have emphasized the influence of biological sex on disease and treatment outcomes; however, little is known about sex differences in the CLN8 subtype. To determine the impact of sex on CLN8 disease burden and progression, we utilized a Cln8mnd mouse model to measure the impact and progression of histopathological and behavioral outcomes between sexes. RESULTS Several notable sex differences were observed in the presentation of brain pathology, including Cln8mnd female mice consistently presenting with greater GFAP+ astrocytosis and CD68+ microgliosis in the somatosensory cortex, ventral posteromedial/ventral posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus, striatum, and hippocampus when compared to Cln8mnd male mice. Furthermore, sex differences in motor-behavioral assessments revealed Cln8mnd female mice experience poorer motor performance and earlier death than their male counterparts. Cln8mnd mice treated with an AAV9-mediated gene therapy were also examined to assess sex differences on therapeutics outcomes, which revealed no appreciable differences between the sexes when responding to the therapy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results provide further evidence of biologic sex as a modifier of Batten disease progression and outcome, thus warranting consideration when conducting investigations and monitoring therapeutic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Holmes
- grid.430154.70000 0004 5914 2142Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60Th St N, Sioux Falls, SD USA ,grid.267169.d0000 0001 2293 1795Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Katherine A. White
- grid.430154.70000 0004 5914 2142Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60Th St N, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Melissa A. Pratt
- grid.430154.70000 0004 5914 2142Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60Th St N, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Tyler B. Johnson
- grid.430154.70000 0004 5914 2142Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60Th St N, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Shibi Likhite
- grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- grid.430154.70000 0004 5914 2142Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60Th St N, Sioux Falls, SD USA ,grid.267169.d0000 0001 2293 1795Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
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10
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Swier VJ, White KA, Johnson TB, Sieren JC, Johnson HJ, Knoernschild K, Wang X, Rohret FA, Rogers CS, Pearce DA, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. A Novel Porcine Model of CLN2 Batten Disease that Recapitulates Patient Phenotypes. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1905-1919. [PMID: 36100791 PMCID: PMC9723024 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN2 Batten disease is a lysosomal disorder in which pathogenic variants in CLN2 lead to reduced activity in the enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1. The disease typically manifests around 2 to 4 years of age with developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, inability to speak and walk, and fatality between 6 and 12 years of age. Multiple Cln2 mouse models exist to better understand the etiology of the disease; however, these models are unable to adequately recapitulate the disease due to differences in anatomy and physiology, limiting their utility for therapeutic testing. Here, we describe a new CLN2R208X/R208X porcine model of CLN2 disease. We present comprehensive characterization showing behavioral, pathological, and visual phenotypes that recapitulate those seen in CLN2 patients. CLN2R208X/R208X miniswine present with gait abnormalities at 6 months of age, ERG waveform declines at 6-9 months, vision loss at 11 months, cognitive declines at 12 months, seizures by 15 months, and early death at 18 months due to failure to thrive. CLN2R208X/R208X miniswine also showed classic storage material accumulation and glial activation in the brain at 6 months, and cortical atrophy at 12 months. Thus, the CLN2R208X/R208X miniswine model is a valuable resource for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development in CLN2 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hans J Johnson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kevin Knoernschild
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David A Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jon J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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11
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Cheng KC, Burdine RD, Dickinson ME, Ekker SC, Lin AY, Lloyd KCK, Lutz CM, MacRae CA, Morrison JH, O'Connor DH, Postlethwait JH, Rogers CD, Sanchez S, Simpson JH, Talbot WS, Wallace DC, Weimer JM, Bellen HJ. Promoting validation and cross-phylogenetic integration in model organism research. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276675. [PMID: 36125045 PMCID: PMC9531892 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organism (MO) research provides a basic understanding of biology and disease due to the evolutionary conservation of the molecular and cellular language of life. MOs have been used to identify and understand the function of orthologous genes, proteins, cells and tissues involved in biological processes, to develop and evaluate techniques and methods, and to perform whole-organism-based chemical screens to test drug efficacy and toxicity. However, a growing richness of datasets and the rising power of computation raise an important question: How do we maximize the value of MOs? In-depth discussions in over 50 virtual presentations organized by the National Institutes of Health across more than 10 weeks yielded important suggestions for improving the rigor, validation, reproducibility and translatability of MO research. The effort clarified challenges and opportunities for developing and integrating tools and resources. Maintenance of critical existing infrastructure and the implementation of suggested improvements will play important roles in maintaining productivity and facilitating the validation of animal models of human biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca D Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77007, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77007, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Alex Y Lin
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program, School of Medicinel, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Cathleen M Lutz
- The Jackson Laboratory, Genetic Resource Science, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University ofWisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | | | - Crystal D Rogers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Julie H Simpson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Neurological Research Institute (TCH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77007, USA
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12
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Brudvig JJ, Swier VJ, Johnson TB, Cain JC, Pratt M, Rechtzigel M, Leppert H, Dang Do AN, Porter FD, Weimer JM. Glycerophosphoinositol is Elevated in Blood Samples From CLN3Δex7-8 pigs, Cln3Δex7-8 Mice, and CLN3-Affected Individuals. Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221107765. [PMID: 36212622 PMCID: PMC9535353 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: CLN3 Batten disease is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative lysosomal disorder
caused by biallelic disease-associated variants in CLN3.
Despite decades of intense research, specific biofluid biomarkers of disease
status have not been reported, hindering clinical development of therapies.
Thus, we sought to determine whether individuals with CLN3 Batten disease
have elevated levels of specific metabolites in blood. Methods: We performed an exhaustive metabolomic screen using serum samples from a
novel minipig model of CLN3 Batten disease and validated findings in
CLN3 pig serum and CSF and Cln3 mouse
serum. We further validate biomarker candidates with a retrospective
analysis of plasma and CSF samples collected from participants in a natural
history study. Plasma samples were evaluated from 22 phenotyped individuals
with CLN3 disease, 15 heterozygous carriers, and 6 non-affected non-carriers
(NANC). Results: CLN3 pig serum samples from 4 ages exhibited large elevations in 4
glycerophosphodiester species: glycerophosphoinositol (GPI),
glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and
glycerophosphoserine (GPS). GPI and GPE exhibited the largest elevations,
with similar elevations found in CLN3 pig CSF and
Cln3 mouse serum. In plasma samples from individuals
with CLN3 disease, glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphoinositol
were significantly elevated with glycerophosphoinositol exhibiting the
clearest separation (mean 0.1338 vs 0.04401 nmol/mL for non-affected
non-carriers). Glycerophosphoinositol demonstrated excellent sensitivity and
specificity as a biomarker, with a receiver operating characteristic area
under the curve of 0.9848 (P = .0003). Conclusions: GPE and GPI could have utility as biomarkers of CLN3 disease status. GPI, in
particular, shows consistent elevations across a diverse cohort of
individuals with CLN3. This raises the potential to use these biomarkers as
a blood-based diagnostic test or as an efficacy measure for
disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon J Brudvig
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Discovery Science, Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vicki J Swier
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Discovery Science, Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob C Cain
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Discovery Science, Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Pratt
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Mitch Rechtzigel
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Hannah Leppert
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - An N Dang Do
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Discovery Science, Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Rechtzigel MJ, Meyerink BL, Leppert H, Johnson TB, Cain JT, Ferrandino G, May DG, Roux KJ, Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. Transmembrane Batten Disease Proteins Interact With a Shared Network of Vesicle Sorting Proteins, Impacting Their Synaptic Enrichment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834780. [PMID: 35692423 PMCID: PMC9174988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease is unique among lysosomal storage disorders for the early and profound manifestation in the central nervous system, but little is known regarding potential neuron-specific roles for the disease-associated proteins. We demonstrate substantial overlap in the protein interactomes of three transmembrane Batten proteins (CLN3, CLN6, and CLN8), and that their absence leads to synaptic depletion of key partners (i.e., SNAREs and tethers) and altered synaptic SNARE complexing in vivo, demonstrating a novel shared etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon L. Meyerink
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Hannah Leppert
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Tyler B. Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Gavin Ferrandino
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Danielle G. May
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Kyle J. Roux
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jon J. Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
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14
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Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. CLN7 gene therapy: hope for an ultra-rare condition. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157820. [PMID: 35229731 PMCID: PMC8884894 DOI: 10.1172/jci157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN7 Batten disease, also known as variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 (vLINCL7), is an ultra-rare form of Batten disease that presents early in life with severe neurological symptoms, including visual deficits, motor problems, and frequent seizures. There is high unmet need for disease-modifying therapies, as no existing treatment can halt progression or prevent premature death. In this issue of the JCI, Chen et al. present an AAV gene therapy for CLN7 that shows marked benefit in a mouse model of CLN7 Batten disease, paving the way for a phase I trial. The candidate gene therapy shows benefit for histopathology, behavioral abnormalities, and survival in mice and offers an acceptable safety profile in both mice and rats. Questions remain regarding dose, scaling, and timing of administration for patients, but this work is a substantial step forward for a very challenging disease.
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15
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Badilla-Porras R, Echeverri-McCandless A, Weimer JM, Ulate-Campos A, Soto-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez-Mata A, Hernández-Con L, Bogantes-Ledezma S, Balmaceda-Meza A, Brudvig J, Sanabria-Castro A. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 6 (CLN6) clinical findings and molecular diagnosis: Costa Rica's experience. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:13. [PMID: 35012600 PMCID: PMC8751374 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Commonly known as Batten disease, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of rare pediatric lysosomal storage disorders characterized by the intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material (known as lipofuscin), progressive neurodegeneration, and neurological symptoms. In 2002, a disease-causing NCL mutation in the CLN6 gene was identified (c.214G > T) in the Costa Rican population, but the frequency of this mutation among local Batten disease patients remains incompletely characterized, as do clinical and demographic attributes for this rare patient population. Objective To describe the main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a clinical diagnosis for Batten Disease treated at the National Children's Hospital in Costa Rica and to characterize via molecular testing their causative mutations. Methods DNA extracted from buccal swabs was used for CLN6 gene sequencing. Participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained from their medical records. Results Nine patients with a clinical diagnosis of Batten disease were identified. Genetic sequencing determined the presence of the previously described Costa Rican homozygous mutation in 8 of 9 cases. One patient did not have mutations in the CLN6 gene. In all cases where the Costa Rican CLN6 mutation was present, it was accompanied by a substitution in intron 2. Patients were born in 4 of the 7 Costa Rican provinces, with an average onset of symptoms close to 4 years of age. No parental consanguinity was present in pedigrees. Initial clinical manifestations varied between patients but generally included: gait disturbances, language problems, visual impairment, seizures and psychomotor regression. Cortical and cerebellar atrophy was a constant finding when neuroimaging was performed. Seizure medication was a common element of treatment regimens. Conclusions This investigation supports that the previously characterized c.214G > T mutation is the most common causative NCL mutation in the Costa Rican population. This mutation is geographically widespread among Costa Rican NCL patients and yields a clinical presentation similar to that observed for CLN6 NCL patients in other geographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Badilla-Porras
- Clinical Genetic and Metabolism Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Ulate-Campos
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Soto-Rodríguez
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - A Gutiérrez-Mata
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - L Hernández-Con
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | - S Bogantes-Ledezma
- Neurology Department, National Children's Hospital, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - A Sanabria-Castro
- Research Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios, CCSS, San José, Costa Rica.,Pharmacology Department, Pharmacy School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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16
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Lu CL, Ortmeier S, Brudvig J, Moretti T, Cain J, Boyadjiev SA, Weimer JM, Kim J. Collagen has a unique SEC24 preference for efficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffic 2022; 23:81-93. [PMID: 34761479 PMCID: PMC8692420 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SEC24 is mainly involved in cargo sorting during COPII vesicle assembly. There are four SEC24 paralogs (A-D) in vertebrates, which are classified into two subgroups (SEC24A/B and SEC24C/D). Pathological mutations in SEC24D cause osteogenesis imperfecta with craniofacial dysplasia in humans. sec24d mutant fish also recapitulate the phenotypes. Consistent with the skeletal phenotypes, the secretion of collagen was severely defective in mutant fish, emphasizing the importance of SEC24D in collagen secretion. However, SEC24D patient-derived fibroblasts show only a mild secretion phenotype, suggesting tissue-specificity in the secretion process. Using Sec24d KO mice and cultured cells, we show that SEC24A and SEC24B also contribute to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of procollagen. In contrast, fibronectin 1 requires either SEC24C or SEC24D for ER export. On the basis of our results, we propose that procollagen interacts with multiple SEC24 paralogs for efficient export from the ER, and that this is the basis for tissue-specific phenotypes resulting from SEC24 paralog deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Steven Ortmeier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Tamara Moretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jacob Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Simeon A. Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jinoh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA,To who correspondence should be addressed: Jinoh Kim, 2086 Vet Med, 1800 Christensen Drive, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, , Tel: 515-294-3401
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17
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Boele FW, Weimer JM, Proudfoot J, Marsland AL, Armstrong TS, Given CW, Drappatz J, Donovan HS, Sherwood PR. OS10.4.A The effects of SmartCare on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Patients with primary malignant brain tumors have high symptom burden and commonly rely on family caregivers for practical and emotional support. This can lead to negative mental and physical consequences for caregivers. We investigated effectiveness of an 8-week nurse-led online needs-based support program (SmartCare©) with and without online self-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression compared to enhanced care as usual (ECAU) on depressive symptoms, caregiving-specific distress, anxiety, mastery, and burden.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Family caregivers with depressive symptoms were randomized to three groups: SmartCare© plus/minus self-guided CBT, or ECAU. Primary outcomes (depressive symptoms (CES-D); caregiving-specific distress (Caregiver Needs Screen)) and secondary outcomes (anxiety (POMS-A), caregiver mastery (Caregiver Mastery Scale), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Reactions Assessment)) were assessed online. Intention to treat analyses of covariance corrected for baseline scores were performed for outcomes at four months.
RESULTS
In total, 120 family caregivers participated. Accrual and CBT engagement were lower than expected, therefore intervention groups were combined (n=80) and compared to ECAU (n=40). For depressive symptoms, no statistically significant group differences were found. Caregiving-specific distress decreased in the intervention group compared with ECAU (p=0.01, partial ɳ 2=0.08). Among secondary outcomes, there was a trend towards improvement in mastery for the intervention group compared with ECAU (p=0.08, partial ɳ 2=0.04).
CONCLUSION
SmartCare©, with or without self-guided CBT, reduced caregiving-specific distress with a trend towards improving mastery. SmartCare© has the potential to improve the lives of families coping with a brain tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Boele
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J M Weimer
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - A L Marsland
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - T S Armstrong
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C W Given
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - J Drappatz
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - H S Donovan
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - P R Sherwood
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Selvan N, Mehta N, Venkateswaran S, Brignol N, Graziano M, Sheikh MO, McAnany Y, Hung F, Madrid M, Krampetz R, Siano N, Mehta A, Brudvig J, Gotschall R, Weimer JM, Do HV. Endolysosomal N-glycan processing is critical to attain the most active form of the enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100769. [PMID: 33971197 PMCID: PMC8191302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) is a lysosomal glycogen-catabolizing enzyme, the deficiency of which leads to Pompe disease. Pompe disease can be treated with systemic recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), but the current standard of care exhibits poor uptake in skeletal muscles, limiting its clinical efficacy. Furthermore, it is unclear how the specific cellular processing steps of GAA after delivery to lysosomes impact its efficacy. GAA undergoes both proteolytic cleavage and glycan trimming within the endolysosomal pathway, yielding an enzyme that is more efficient in hydrolyzing its natural substrate, glycogen. Here, we developed a tool kit of modified rhGAAs that allowed us to dissect the individual contributions of glycan trimming and proteolysis on maturation-associated increases in glycogen hydrolysis using in vitro and in cellulo enzyme processing, glycopeptide analysis by MS, and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for enzyme kinetics. Chemical modifications of terminal sialic acids on N-glycans blocked sialidase activity in vitro and in cellulo, thereby preventing downstream glycan trimming without affecting proteolysis. This sialidase-resistant rhGAA displayed only partial activation after endolysosomal processing, as evidenced by reduced catalytic efficiency. We also generated enzymatically deglycosylated rhGAA that was shown to be partially activated despite not undergoing proteolytic processing. Taken together, these data suggest that an optimal rhGAA ERT would require both N-glycan and proteolytic processing to attain the most efficient enzyme for glycogen hydrolysis and treatment of Pompe disease. Future studies should examine the amenability of next-generation ERTs to both types of cellular processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Selvan
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suresh Venkateswaran
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nastry Brignol
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Graziano
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuliya McAnany
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Finn Hung
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Madrid
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renee Krampetz
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Siano
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anuj Mehta
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics & Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Russell Gotschall
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hung V Do
- Discovery Science Division, Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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19
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White KA, Nelvagal HR, Poole TA, Lu B, Johnson TB, Davis S, Pratt MA, Brudvig J, Assis AB, Likhite S, Meyer K, Kaspar BK, Cooper JD, Wang S, Weimer JM. Intracranial delivery of AAV9 gene therapy partially prevents retinal degeneration and visual deficits in CLN6-Batten disease mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:497-507. [PMID: 33665223 PMCID: PMC7887332 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Batten disease is a family of rare, fatal, neuropediatric diseases presenting with memory/learning decline, blindness, and loss of motor function. Recently, we reported the use of an AAV9-mediated gene therapy that prevents disease progression in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease (Cln6 nclf ), restoring lifespans in treated animals. Despite the success of our viral-mediated gene therapy, the dosing strategy was optimized for delivery to the brain parenchyma and may limit the therapeutic potential to other disease-relevant tissues, such as the eye. Here, we examine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) delivery of scAAV9.CB.CLN6 is sufficient to ameliorate visual deficits in Cln6 nclf mice. We show that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) delivery of scAAV9.CB.CLN6 completely prevents hallmark Batten disease pathology in the visual processing centers of the brain, preserving neurons of the superior colliculus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex. Importantly, i.c.v.-delivered scAAV9.CB.CLN6 also expresses in many cells throughout the central retina, preserving many photoreceptors typically lost in Cln6 nclf mice. Lastly, scAAV9.CB.CLN6 treatment partially preserved visual acuity in Cln6 nclf mice as measured by optokinetic response. Taken together, we report the first instance of CSF-delivered viral gene reaching and rescuing pathology in both the brain parenchyma and retinal neurons, thereby partially slowing visual deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Hemanth R Nelvagal
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Timothy A Poole
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samantha Davis
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Melissa A Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Jon Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ana B Assis
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shibi Likhite
- Nationwide Children's Hospital. He was involved in AAV9 construct development
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian K Kaspar
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shaomei Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.,Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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20
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Johnson TB, White KA, Brudvig JJ, Cain JT, Langin L, Pratt MA, Booth CD, Timm DJ, Davis SS, Meyerink B, Likhite S, Meyer K, Weimer JM. AAV9 Gene Therapy Increases Lifespan and Treats Pathological and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of CLN8-Batten Disease. Mol Ther 2020; 29:162-175. [PMID: 33010819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN8 disease is a rare form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis caused by biallelic mutations in the CLN8 gene, which encodes a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum protein involved in trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. CLN8 disease patients present with myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures, and progressive declines in cognitive and motor function, with many cases resulting in premature death early in life. There are currently no treatments that can cure the disease or substantially slow disease progression. Using a mouse model of CLN8 disease, we tested the safety and efficacy of an intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) delivered self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) gene therapy vector driving expression of human CLN8. A single neonatal injection was safe and well tolerated, resulting in robust transgene expression throughout the CNS from 4 to 24 months, reducing histopathological and behavioral hallmarks of the disease and restoring lifespan from 10 months in untreated animals to beyond 24 months of age in treated animals. While it is unclear whether some of these behavioral improvements relate to preserved visual function, improvements in learning/memory, or other central or peripheral benefits, these results demonstrate, by far, the most successful degree of rescue reported in an animal model of CLN8 disease, and they support further development of gene therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jon J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Logan Langin
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Melissa A Pratt
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Clarissa D Booth
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Derek J Timm
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Samantha S Davis
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Brandon Meyerink
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Shibi Likhite
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Amicus Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Bajaj L, Sharma J, di Ronza A, Zhang P, Eblimit A, Pal R, Roman D, Collette JR, Booth C, Chang KT, Sifers RN, Jung SY, Weimer JM, Chen R, Schekman RW, Sardiello M. A CLN6-CLN8 complex recruits lysosomal enzymes at the ER for Golgi transfer. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4118-4132. [PMID: 32597833 PMCID: PMC7410054 DOI: 10.1172/jci130955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal enzymes are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transferred to the Golgi complex by interaction with the Batten disease protein CLN8 (ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 8). Here we investigated the relationship of this pathway with CLN6, an ER-associated protein of unknown function that is defective in a different Batten disease subtype. Experiments focused on protein interaction and trafficking identified CLN6 as an obligate component of a CLN6-CLN8 complex (herein referred to as EGRESS: ER-to-Golgi relaying of enzymes of the lysosomal system), which recruits lysosomal enzymes at the ER to promote their Golgi transfer. Mutagenesis experiments showed that the second luminal loop of CLN6 is required for the interaction of CLN6 with the enzymes but dispensable for interaction with CLN8. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that CLN6 deficiency results in inefficient ER export of lysosomal enzymes and diminished levels of the enzymes at the lysosome. Mice lacking both CLN6 and CLN8 did not display aggravated pathology compared with the single deficiencies, indicating that the EGRESS complex works as a functional unit. These results identify CLN6 and the EGRESS complex as key players in lysosome biogenesis and shed light on the molecular etiology of Batten disease caused by defects in CLN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Aiden Eblimit
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dany Roman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John R. Collette
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clarissa Booth
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kevin T. Chang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard N. Sifers
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sung Y. Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, and
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Randy W. Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Langin L, Johnson TB, Kovács AD, Pearce DA, Weimer JM. A tailored Cln3 Q352X mouse model for testing therapeutic interventions in CLN3 Batten disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10591. [PMID: 32601357 PMCID: PMC7324379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN3 Batten disease (CLN3 disease) is a pediatric lysosomal storage disorder that presents with progressive blindness, motor and cognitive decline, seizures, and premature death. CLN3 disease results from mutations in CLN3 with the most prevalent mutation, a 966 bp deletion spanning exons 7-8, affecting ~ 75% of patients. Mouse models with complete Cln3 deletion or Cln3Δex7/8 mutation have been invaluable for learning about both the basic biology of CLN3 and the underlying pathological changes associated with CLN3 disease. These models, however, vary in their disease presentation and are limited in their utility for studying the role of nonsense mediated decay, and as a consequence, in testing nonsense suppression therapies and read-through compounds. In order to develop a model containing a disease-causing nonsense point mutation, here we describe a first-of-its-kind Cln3Q352X mouse model containing a c.1054C > T (p.Gln352Ter) point mutation. Similar to previously characterized Cln3 mutant mouse lines, this novel model shows pathological deficits throughout the CNS including accumulation of lysosomal storage material and glial activation, and has limited perturbation in behavioral measures. Thus, at the molecular and cellular level, this mouse line provides a valuable tool for testing nonsense suppression therapies or read through compounds in CLN3 disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Langin
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60th N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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23
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Dykstra JA, Blue ED, Negrão de Assis PL, Weimer JM, Kota DJ. Human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction: characterization, safety and therapeutic potential in an experimental mouse model of articular injury. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2020; 16:16-25. [PMID: 32536767 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1601004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their capacity to self-renew, proliferate and generate multi-lineage cells, adult-derived stem cells offer great potential in regenerative therapies to treat maladies such as diabetes, cardiac disease, neurological disorders and orthopedic injuries. Commonly derived from adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a heterogeneous cell population enriched with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has garnered interest as a cellular therapy due to ease of accessibility as an autologous, point-of-care application. However, the heterogeneous cell population within SVF is not historically taken into consideration when injecting into patients. Here, we characterized SVF, determined its safety and verify its therapeutic effects in a NOD/scid mouse model of articular injury. SVF were isolated from lipoaspirates utilizing a commercially available system (InGeneron Inc.), while MSCs were isolated from SVF via cell culture. Flow cytometry showed that neither age nor BMI affects the frequency of progenitor cells-like (CD31+CD34+), immune cells-like (CD4+) T cells, (CD14+) monocytes and total number of cells obtained. However, there was a negative correlation between donor BMI and MSC frequency within the SVF. ELISAs showed that following LPS activation in SVF, there were low levels of TNF-α and high levels of IL-10 secreted. However, T cell activation with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3+ anti-CD28, while leading to expected high levels of IFN-γ, did not lead to significant levels of TGF-β. PCR analysis showed no significant numbers of cells outside the joint 1-hour post injection, moreover, no engraftment or abnormal growth in other organs 60-days post injection. Finally, both cell populations were able to ameliorate disease progression, as confirmed by the increase in movement of treated groups compared to injured groups. Noteworthy, the histological analysis indicated that there was no cartilage growth, suggesting an alternative therapeutic mechanism to cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Dykstra
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA: These authors contributed equally
| | - Elliot D Blue
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA: These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA: These authors contributed equally
| | - Daniel Jiro Kota
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA: These authors contributed equally.,Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Johnson TB, Mechels K, Anderson RH, Cain JT, Sturdevant DA, Braddock S, Pinz H, Wilson MA, Landsverk M, Roux KJ, Weimer JM. Author Correction: Characterization of a recurrent missense mutation in the forkhead DNA-binding domain of FOXP1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6635. [PMID: 32296074 PMCID: PMC7160118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Keegan Mechels
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ruthellen H Anderson
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - David A Sturdevant
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Stephen Braddock
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailey Pinz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Megan Landsverk
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatric and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
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25
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Uthoff J, Larson J, Sato TS, Hammond E, Schroeder KE, Rohret F, Rogers CS, Quelle DE, Darbro BW, Khanna R, Weimer JM, Meyerholz DK, Sieren JC. Longitudinal phenotype development in a minipig model of neurofibromatosis type 1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5046. [PMID: 32193437 PMCID: PMC7081358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease with variable clinical presentations. Large animal models are useful to help dissect molecular mechanisms, determine relevant biomarkers, and develop effective therapeutics. Here, we studied a NF1 minipig model (NF1+/ex42del) for the first 12 months of life to evaluate phenotype development, track disease progression, and provide a comparison to human subjects. Through systematic evaluation, we have shown that compared to littermate controls, the NF1 model develops phenotypic characteristics of human NF1: [1] café-au-lait macules, [2] axillary/inguinal freckling, [3] shortened stature, [4] tibial bone curvature, and [5] neurofibroma. At 4 months, full body computed tomography imaging detected significantly smaller long bones in NF1+/ex42del minipigs compared to controls, indicative of shorter stature. We found quantitative evidence of tibial bowing in a subpopulation of NF1 minipigs. By 8 months, an NF1+/ex42del boar developed a large diffuse shoulder neurofibroma, visualized on magnetic resonance imaging, which subsequently grew in size and depth as the animal aged up to 20 months. The NF1+/ex42del minipig model progressively demonstrates signature attributes that parallel clinical manifestations seen in humans and provides a viable tool for future translational NF1 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Uthoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jared Larson
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Takashi S Sato
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily Hammond
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dawn E Quelle
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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26
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Johnson TB, Brudvig JJ, Lehtimäki KK, Cain JT, White KA, Bragge T, Rytkönen J, Huhtala T, Timm D, Vihma M, Puoliväli JT, Poutiainen P, Nurmi A, Weimer JM. A multimodal approach to identify clinically relevant biomarkers to comprehensively monitor disease progression in a mouse model of pediatric neurodegenerative disease. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 189:101789. [PMID: 32198061 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While research has accelerated the development of new treatments for pediatric neurodegenerative disorders, the ability to demonstrate the long-term efficacy of these therapies has been hindered by the lack of convincing, noninvasive methods for tracking disease progression both in animal models and in human clinical trials. Here, we unveil a new translational platform for tracking disease progression in an animal model of a pediatric neurodegenerative disorder, CLN6-Batten disease. Instead of looking at a handful of parameters or a single "needle in a haystack", we embrace the idea that disease progression, in mice and patients alike, is a diverse phenomenon best characterized by a combination of relevant biomarkers. Thus, we employed a multi-modal quantitative approach where 144 parameters were longitudinally monitored to allow for individual variability. We use a range of noninvasive neuroimaging modalities and kinematic gait analysis, all methods that parallel those commonly used in the clinic, followed by a powerful statistical platform to identify key progressive anatomical and metabolic changes that correlate strongly with the progression of pathological and behavioral deficits. This innovative, highly sensitive platform can be used as a powerful tool for preclinical studies on neurodegenerative diseases, and provides proof-of-principle for use as a potentially translatable tool for clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jon J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Timo Bragge
- Discovery Research Services, Charles River, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Rytkönen
- Discovery Research Services, Charles River, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Huhtala
- Discovery Research Services, Charles River, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Derek Timm
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Maria Vihma
- Discovery Research Services, Charles River, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Pekka Poutiainen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Nurmi
- Discovery Research Services, Charles River, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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27
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Kohlmeyer JL, Kaemmer CA, Pulliam C, Maharjan CK, Samayoa AM, Major HJ, Cornick KE, Knepper-Adrian V, Khanna R, Sieren JC, Leidinger MR, Meyerholz DK, Zamba KD, Weimer JM, Dodd RD, Darbro BW, Tanas MR, Quelle DE. RABL6A Is an Essential Driver of MPNSTs that Negatively Regulates the RB1 Pathway and Sensitizes Tumor Cells to CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2997-3011. [PMID: 32086342 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are deadly sarcomas that lack effective therapies. In most MPNSTs, the retinoblastoma (RB1) tumor suppressor is disabled by hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), commonly through loss of CDK-inhibitory proteins such as p27(Kip1). RABL6A is an inhibitor of RB1 whose role in MPNSTs is unknown. To gain insight into MPNST development and establish new treatment options, we investigated RABL6A-RB1 signaling and CDK inhibitor-based therapy in MPNSTs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined patient-matched MPNSTs and precursor lesions by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and IHC. Molecular and biological effects of silencing RABL6A and/or p27 in MPNST lines and normal human Schwann cells were determined. Tumor-suppressive effects of CDK inhibitors were measured in MPNST cells and orthotopic tumors. RESULTS RABL6A was dramatically upregulated in human MPNSTs compared with precursor lesions, which correlated inversely with p27 levels. Silencing RABL6A caused MPNST cell death and G1 arrest that coincided with p27 upregulation, CDK downregulation, and RB1 activation. The growth-suppressive effects of RABL6A loss, and its regulation of RB1, were largely rescued by p27 depletion. Importantly, reactivation of RB1 using a CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) killed MPNST cells in vitro in an RABL6A-dependent manner and suppressed MPNST growth in vivo. Low-dose combination of drugs targeting multiple RB1 kinases (CDK4/6, CDK2) had enhanced antitumorigenic activity associated with potential MPNST cell redifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS RABL6A is a new driver of MPNST pathogenesis that acts in part through p27-RB1 inactivation. Our results suggest RB1 targeted therapy with multiple pathway drugs may effectively treat MPNSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Kohlmeyer
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Courtney A Kaemmer
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Casey Pulliam
- Human Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chandra K Maharjan
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Heather J Major
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | | | - K D Zamba
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Munir R Tanas
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. .,The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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28
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Swier VJ, White KA, Meyerholz DK, Chefdeville A, Khanna R, Sieren JC, Quelle DE, Weimer JM. Validating indicators of CNS disorders in a swine model of neurological disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228222. [PMID: 32074109 PMCID: PMC7029865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified swine disease models are becoming increasingly important for studying molecular, physiological and pathological characteristics of human disorders. Given the limited history of these model systems, there remains a great need for proven molecular reagents in swine tissue. Here, to provide a resource for neurological models of disease, we validated antibodies by immunohistochemistry for use in examining central nervous system (CNS) markers in a recently developed miniswine model of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition disorder stemming from mutations in NF1, a gene that encodes the Ras-GTPase activating protein neurofibromin. Patients classically present with benign neurofibromas throughout their bodies and can also present with neurological associated symptoms such as chronic pain, cognitive impairment, and behavioral abnormalities. As validated antibodies for immunohistochemistry applications are particularly difficult to find for swine models of neurological disease, we present immunostaining validation of antibodies implicated in glial inflammation (CD68), oligodendrocyte development (NG2, O4 and Olig2), and neuron differentiation and neurotransmission (doublecortin, GAD67, and tyrosine hydroxylase) by examining cellular localization and brain region specificity. Additionally, we confirm the utility of anti-GFAP, anti-Iba1, and anti-MBP antibodies, previously validated in swine, by testing their immunoreactivity across multiple brain regions in mutant NF1 samples. These immunostaining protocols for CNS markers provide a useful resource to the scientific community, furthering the utility of genetically modified miniswine for translational and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J. Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience; College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Moutal A, White KA, Chefdeville A, Laufmann RN, Vitiello PF, Feinstein D, Weimer JM, Khanna R. Dysregulation of CRMP2 Post-Translational Modifications Drive Its Pathological Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6736-6755. [PMID: 30915713 PMCID: PMC6728212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed, homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and regulating cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, oxidation, and O-GlcNAcylation. While CRMP2's physiological functions rely mostly on its non-phosphorylated state, dysregulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and SUMOylation has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, neurofibromatosis type 1, and others. Here, we provide a consolidated update on what is known about CRMP2 signaling and function, first focusing on axonal growth and neuronal polarity, then illustrating the link between dysregulated CRMP2 post-translational modifications and diseases. We additionally discuss the roles of CRMP2 in non-neuronal cells, both in the CNS and regions of the periphery. Finally, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating CRMP2 function in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Douglas Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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30
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Johnson TB, Cain JT, White KA, Ramirez-Montealegre D, Pearce DA, Weimer JM. Therapeutic landscape for Batten disease: current treatments and future prospects. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:161-178. [PMID: 30783219 PMCID: PMC6681450 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Batten disease (also known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses) constitutes a family of devastating lysosomal storage disorders that collectively represent the most common inherited paediatric neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Batten disease can result from mutations in 1 of 13 genes. These mutations lead to a group of diseases with loosely overlapping symptoms and pathology. Phenotypically, patients with Batten disease have visual impairment and blindness, cognitive and motor decline, seizures and premature death. Pathologically, Batten disease is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, glial reactivity and neuronal loss. Substantial progress has been made towards the development of effective therapies and treatments for the multiple forms of Batten disease. In 2017, cerliponase alfa (Brineura), a tripeptidyl peptidase enzyme replacement therapy, became the first globally approved treatment for CLN2 Batten disease. Here, we provide an overview of the promising therapeutic avenues for Batten disease, highlighting current FDA-approved clinical trials and prospective future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - David A Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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31
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Poppens MJ, Cain JT, Johnson TB, White KA, Davis SS, Laufmann R, Kloth AD, Weimer JM. Tracking sex-dependent differences in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:19. [PMID: 30665444 PMCID: PMC6341540 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-0994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CLN6-Batten disease is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized pathologically by the accumulation of lysosomal storage material, glial activation and neurodegeneration, and phenotypically by loss of vision, motor coordination, and cognitive ability, with premature death occurring in the second decade of life. In this study, we investigate whether sex differences in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease impact disease onset and progression. Results A number of noteworthy differences were observed including elevated accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit C in the thalamus and cortex of female Cln6 mutant mice at 2 months of age. Moreover, female mutant mice showed more severe behavioral deficits. Beginning at 9 months of age, female mice demonstrated learning and memory deficits and suffered a more severe decline in motor coordination. Further, compared to their male counterparts, female animals succumbed to the disease at a slightly younger age, indicating an accelerated disease progression. Conversely, males showed a marked increase in microglial activation at 6 months of age in the cortex relative to females. Conclusions Thus, as female Cln6 mutant mice exhibit cellular and behavioral deficits that precede similar pathologies in male mutant mice, our findings suggest the need for consideration of sex-based differences in CLN6 disease progression during development of preclinical and clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-0994-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla J Poppens
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Samantha S Davis
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rachel Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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32
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Madeo M, Colbert PL, Vermeer DW, Lucido CT, Cain JT, Vichaya EG, Grossberg AJ, Muirhead D, Rickel AP, Hong Z, Zhao J, Weimer JM, Spanos WC, Lee JH, Dantzer R, Vermeer PD. Cancer exosomes induce tumor innervation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4284. [PMID: 30327461 PMCID: PMC6191452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with densely innervated tumors suffer with increased metastasis and decreased survival as compared to those with less innervated tumors. We hypothesize that in some tumors, nerves are acquired by a tumor-induced process, called axonogenesis. Here, we use PC12 cells as an in vitro neuronal model, human tumor samples and murine in vivo models to test this hypothesis. When appropriately stimulated, PC12 cells extend processes, called neurites. We show that patient tumors release vesicles, called exosomes, which induce PC12 neurite outgrowth. Using a cancer mouse model, we show that tumors compromised in exosome release are less innervated than controls. Moreover, in vivo pharmacological blockade of exosome release similarly attenuates tumor innervation. We characterize these nerves as sensory in nature and demonstrate that axonogenesis is potentiated by the exosome-packaged axonal guidance molecule, EphrinB1. These findings indicate that tumor released exosomes induce tumor innervation and exosomes containing EphrinB1 potentiate this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Madeo
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Paul L Colbert
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Daniel W Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Christopher T Lucido
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron J Grossberg
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 2720 SW Moody Ave KR-CEDR, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - DesiRae Muirhead
- Sanford Health Pathology Clinic, Sanford Health, 1305 West 18th St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - Alex P Rickel
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Dakota, 4800 North Career Ave, Sioux Falls, SD, 57107, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Population Health Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - William C Spanos
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
- Sanford Ears, Nose and Throat, 1310 West 22nd St, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - John H Lee
- NantKwest, 9920 Jefferson Blvd, Culver City, CA, 90232, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 384, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paola D Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St north, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
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33
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Timm D, Cain JT, Geraets RD, White KA, Koh SY, Kielian T, Pearce DA, Hastings ML, Weimer JM. Searching for novel biomarkers using a mouse model of CLN3-Batten disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201470. [PMID: 30086172 PMCID: PMC6080763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CLN3-Batten disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder involving seizures, visual, motor and cognitive decline, and premature death. The Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model recapitulates several phenotypic characteristics of the most common 1.02kb disease-associated deletion. Identification of reproducible biomarker(s) to facilitate longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and provide readouts for therapeutic response has remained elusive. One factor that has complicated the identification of suitable biomarkers in this mouse model has been that variations in animal husbandry appear to significantly influence readouts. In the current study, we cross-compared a number of biological parameters in blood from Cln3Δex7/8 mice and control, non-disease mice on the same genetic background from multiple animal facilities in an attempt to better define a surrogate marker of CLN3-Batten disease. Interestingly, we found that significant differences between Batten and non-disease mice found at one site were generally not maintained across different facilities. Our results suggest that colony variation in the Cln3Δex7/8 mouse model of CLN3-Batten disease can influence potential biomarkers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Timm
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. Geraets
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Seung yon Koh
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - David A. Pearce
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Hastings
- Center for Genetic Disease, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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White KA, Swier VJ, Cain JT, Kohlmeyer JL, Meyerholz DK, Tanas MR, Uthoff J, Hammond E, Li H, Rohret FA, Goeken A, Chan CH, Leidinger MR, Umesalma S, Wallace MR, Dodd RD, Panzer K, Tang AH, Darbro BW, Moutal A, Cai S, Li W, Bellampalli SS, Khanna R, Rogers CS, Sieren JC, Quelle DE, Weimer JM. A porcine model of neurofibromatosis type 1 that mimics the human disease. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120402. [PMID: 29925695 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene causes the autosomal dominant condition, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Children and adults with NF1 suffer from pathologies including benign and malignant tumors to cognitive deficits, seizures, growth abnormalities, and peripheral neuropathies. NF1 encodes neurofibromin, a Ras-GTPase activating protein, and NF1 mutations result in hyperactivated Ras signaling in patients. Existing NF1 mutant mice mimic individual aspects of NF1, but none comprehensively models the disease. We describe a potentially novel Yucatan miniswine model bearing a heterozygotic mutation in NF1 (exon 42 deletion) orthologous to a mutation found in NF1 patients. NF1+/ex42del miniswine phenocopy the wide range of manifestations seen in NF1 patients, including café au lait spots, neurofibromas, axillary freckling, and neurological defects in learning and memory. Molecular analyses verified reduced neurofibromin expression in swine NF1+/ex42del fibroblasts, as well as hyperactivation of Ras, as measured by increased expression of its downstream effectors, phosphorylated ERK1/2, SIAH, and the checkpoint regulators p53 and p21. Consistent with altered pain signaling in NF1, dysregulation of calcium and sodium channels was observed in dorsal root ganglia expressing mutant NF1. Thus, these NF1+/ex42del miniswine recapitulate the disease and provide a unique, much-needed tool to advance the study and treatment of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Vicki J Swier
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Uthoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Emily Hammond
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and.,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chan
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret R Wallace
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and.,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Karin Panzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wennan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jessica C Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Program.,Department of Pathology, and.,Department of Pharmacology and.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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35
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Brudvig JJ, Cain JT, Schmidt-Grimminger GG, Stumpo DJ, Roux KJ, Blackshear PJ, Weimer JM. MARCKS Is Necessary for Netrin-DCC Signaling and Corpus Callosum Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8388-8402. [PMID: 29546593 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Axons of the corpus callosum (CC), the white matter tract that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, receive instruction from a number of chemoattractant and chemorepulsant cues during their initial navigation towards and across the midline. While it has long been known that the CC is malformed in the absence of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), evidence for a direct role of MARCKS in axon navigation has been lacking. Here, we show that MARCKS is necessary for Netrin-1 (NTN1) signaling through the DCC receptor, which is critical for axon guidance decisions. Marcks null (Marcks-/-) neurons fail to respond to exogenous NTN1 and are deficient in markers of DCC activation. Without MARCKS, the subcellular distributions of two critical mediators of NTN1-DCC signaling, the tyrosine kinases PTK2 and SRC, are disrupted. Together, this work establishes a novel role for MARCKS in axon dynamics and highlights the necessity of MARCKS as an organizer of DCC signaling at the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - J T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | | | - D J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - K J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - P J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
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36
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Beraldi R, Meyerholz DK, Savinov A, Kovács AD, Weimer JM, Dykstra JA, Geraets RD, Pearce DA. Genetic ataxia telangiectasia porcine model phenocopies the multisystemic features of the human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2862-2870. [PMID: 28746835 PMCID: PMC5687068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a progressive multisystem autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the AT-mutated (ATM) gene. Early onset AT in children is characterized by cerebellar degeneration, leading to motor impairment. Lung disease and cancer are the two most common causes of death in AT patients. Accelerated thymic involution may contribute to the cancer, and recurrent and/or chronic respiratory infections may be a contributing factor to lung disease in AT. AT patients have fertility issues, are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and they present oculocutaneous telangiectasia. Current treatments only slightly ameliorate disease symptoms; therapy that alters or reverses the course of the disease has not yet been discovered. Previously, we have shown that ATM-/- pigs, a novel model of AT, present with a loss of Purkinje cells, altered cerebellar cytoarchitecture and motor coordination deficits. ATM-/- porcine model not only recapitulates the neurological phenotype, but also other multifaceted clinical features of the human disease. Our current study shows that ATM-/- female pigs are infertile, with anatomical and functional signs of an immature reproductive system. Both male and female ATM-/- pigs show abnormal thymus structure with decreased cell cycle and apoptosis markers in the gland. Moreover, ATM-/- pigs have an altered immune system with decreased CD8+ and increased natural killer and CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells. Nevertheless, ATM-/- pigs manifest a deficient IgG response after a viral infection. Based on the neurological and peripheral phenotypes, the ATM-/- pig is a novel genetic model that may be used for therapeutic assessments and to identify pathomechanisms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Beraldi
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alexei Savinov
- Diabetes Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jordan A Dykstra
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ryan D Geraets
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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Meyerholz DK, Ofori-Amanfo GK, Leidinger MR, Goeken JA, Khanna R, Sieren JC, Darbro BW, Quelle DE, Weimer JM. Immunohistochemical Markers for Prospective Studies in Neurofibromatosis-1 Porcine Models. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:607-618. [PMID: 28846462 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417729357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, cancer-predisposing disease caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor gene. Patients with NF1 have an increased risk for benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system (e.g., neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas) and other tissues (e.g., leukemias, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc.) as well as increased susceptibility to learning disabilities, chronic pain/migraines, hypertension, pigmentary changes, and developmental lesions (e.g., tibial pseudoarthrosis). Pigs are an attractive and upcoming animal model for future NF1 studies, but a potential limitation to porcine model research has been the lack of validated reagents for direct translational study to humans. To address that issue, we used formalin-fixed tissues (human and pigs) to evaluate select immunohistochemical markers (activated caspase-3, allograft inflammatory factor-1, beta-tubulin III, calbindin D, CD13, CD20, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glucose transporter-1, laminin, myelin basic protein, myoglobin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, S100, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor). The markers were validated by comparing known expression and localization in human and pig tissues. Validation of these markers on fixed tissues will facilitate prospective immunohistochemical studies of NF1 pigs, as well as other pig models, in a more efficient, reproducible, and translationally relevant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Dawn E Quelle
- Department of Pathology.,Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Pharmacology
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Disease Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
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Geraets RD, Langin LM, Cain JT, Parker CM, Beraldi R, Kovacs AD, Weimer JM, Pearce DA. A tailored mouse model of CLN2 disease: A nonsense mutant for testing personalized therapies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176526. [PMID: 28464005 PMCID: PMC5413059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, result from mutations in over a dozen genes. Although, adults are susceptible, the NCLs are frequently classified as pediatric neurodegenerative diseases due to their greater pediatric prevalence. Initial clinical presentation usually consists of either seizures or retinopathy but develops to encompass both in conjunction with declining motor and cognitive function. The NCLs result in premature death due to the absence of curative therapies. Nevertheless, preclinical and clinical trials exist for various therapies. However, the genotypes of NCL animal models determine which therapeutic approaches can be assessed. Mutations of the CLN2 gene encoding a soluble lysosomal enzyme, tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1), cause late infantile NCL/CLN2 disease. The genotype of the original mouse model of CLN2 disease, Cln2-/-, excludes mutation guided therapies like antisense oligonucleotides and nonsense suppression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a model of CLN2 disease that allows for the assessment of all therapeutic approaches. Nonsense mutations in CLN2 disease are frequent, the most common being CLN2R208X. Thus, we created a mouse model that carries a mutation equivalent to the human p.R208X mutation. Molecular assessment of Cln2R207X/R207X tissues determined significant reduction in Cln2 transcript abundance and TPP1 enzyme activity. This reduction leads to the development of neurological impairment (e.g. tremors) and neuropathology (e.g. astrocytosis). Collectively, these assessments indicate that the Cln2R207X/R207X mouse is a valid CLN2 disease model which can be used for the preclinical evaluation of all therapeutic approaches including mutation guided therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Geraets
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Logan M. Langin
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jacob T. Cain
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Camille M. Parker
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Rosanna Beraldi
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Attila D. Kovacs
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - David A. Pearce
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Dykstra JA, Facile T, Patrick RJ, Francis KR, Milanovich S, Weimer JM, Kota DJ. Concise Review: Fat and Furious: Harnessing the Full Potential of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1096-1108. [PMID: 28186685 PMCID: PMC5388064 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their capacity to self-renew, proliferate and generate multi-lineage cells, adult-derived stem cells offer great potential for use in regenerative therapies to stop and/or reverse degenerative diseases such as diabetes, heart failure, Alzheimer's disease and others. However, these subsets of cells can be isolated from different niches, each with differing potential for therapeutic applications. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a stem cell enriched and adipose-derived cell population, has garnered interest as a therapeutic in regenerative medicine due to its ability to secrete paracrine factors that accelerate endogenous repair, ease of accessibility and lack of identified major adverse effects. Thus, one can easily understand the rush to employ adipose-derived SVF to treat human disease. Perhaps faster than any other cell preparation, SVF is making its way to clinics worldwide, while critical preclinical research needed to establish SVF safety, efficacy and optimal, standardized clinical procedures are underway. Here, we will provide an overview of the current knowledge driving this phenomenon, its regulatory issues and existing studies, and propose potential unmapped applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1096-1108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Dykstra
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Tiffany Facile
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Ryan J. Patrick
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Kevin R. Francis
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Samuel Milanovich
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineVermillion, South DakotaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Kota
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
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Weimer JM, Jones SE, Frontera JA. Acute Cytotoxic and Vasogenic Edema after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Quantitative MRI Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:928-934. [PMID: 28364004 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mechanism of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage is not well understood. We aimed to evaluate if cytotoxic and vasogenic edema are contributing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with SAH undergoing diffusion-weighted MR imaging within 72 hours of onset. Apparent diffusion coefficient values derived from DWI were evaluated by using whole-brain histograms and 19 prespecified ROIs in patients with SAH and controls with normal findings on MRI. Cytotoxic edema observed outside the ROIs was assessed in patients with SAH. The average median ADC values were compared between patients with SAH and controls and patients with SAH with mild (Hunt and Hess 1-3) versus severe early brain injury (Hunt and Hess 4-5). RESULTS We enrolled 33 patients with SAH and 66 controls. The overall average median whole-brain ADC was greater for patients with SAH (808 × 10-6 mm2/s) compared with controls (788 × 10-6 mm2/s, P < .001) and was higher in patients with SAH across ROIs after adjusting for age: cerebral gray matter (826 versus 803 × 10-6 mm2/s, P = .059), cerebral white matter (793 versus 758 × 10-6 mm2/s, P = .023), white matter tracts (797 versus 739 × 10-6 mm2/s, P < .001), and deep gray matter (754 versus 713 × 10-6 mm2/s, P = .016). ADC values trended higher in patients with Hunt and Hess 4-5 versus those with Hunt and Hess 1-3. Early cytotoxic edema was observed in 13 (39%) patients with SAH and was more prevalent in those with severe early brain injury (87.5% of patients with Hunt and Hess 4-5 versus 24.0% of those with Hunt and Hess 1-3, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Age-adjusted ADC values were globally increased in patients with SAH compared with controls, even in normal-appearing brain regions, suggesting diffuse vasogenic edema. Cytotoxic edema was also present in patients with SAH and correlated with more severe early brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Weimer
- From the Cerebrovascular Center of the Neurological Institute (J.M.W., J.A.F.)
| | - S E Jones
- the Imaging Institute (S.E.J.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - J A Frontera
- From the Cerebrovascular Center of the Neurological Institute (J.M.W., J.A.F.)
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Cain JT, Kim DI, Quast M, Shivega WG, Patrick RJ, Moser C, Reuter S, Perez M, Myers A, Weimer JM, Roux KJ, Landsverk M. Nonsense pathogenic variants in exon 1 of PHOX2B lead to translational reinitiation in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1200-1207. [PMID: 28371199 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in PHOX2B lead to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disorder of the nervous system characterized by autonomic dysregulation and hypoventilation typically presenting in the neonatal period, although a milder late-onset (LO) presentation has been reported. More than 90% of cases are caused by polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs) in the C-terminus of the protein; however non-polyalanine repeat mutations (NPARMs) have been reported. Most NPARMs are located in exon 3 of PHOX2B and result in a more severe clinical presentation including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and/or peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs). A previously reported nonsense pathogenic variant in exon 1 of a patient with LO-CCHS and no HSCR or PNTs leads to translational reinitiation at a downstream AUG codon producing an N-terminally truncated protein. Here we report additional individuals with nonsense pathogenic variants in exon 1 of PHOX2B. In vitro analyses were used to determine if these and other reported nonsense variants in PHOX2B exon 1 produced N-terminally truncated proteins. We found that all tested nonsense variants in PHOX2B exon 1 produced a truncated protein of the same size. This truncated protein localized to the nucleus and transactivated a target promoter. These data suggest that nonsense pathogenic variants in the first exon of PHOX2B likely escape nonsense mediated decay (NMD) and produce N-terminally truncated proteins functionally distinct from those produced by the more common PARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Cain
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Dae I Kim
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Megan Quast
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Winnie G Shivega
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Ryan J Patrick
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Chuanpit Moser
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Suzanne Reuter
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Myrza Perez
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Kaiser Permanente, Roseville, California
| | - Angela Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Megan Landsverk
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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White KA, Hutton SR, Weimer JM, Sheridan PA. Diet-induced obesity prolongs neuroinflammation and recruits CCR2(+) monocytes to the brain following herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 latency in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:68-78. [PMID: 27311830 PMCID: PMC5287935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 is a ubiquitous human infection, with increased prevalence in obese populations. Obesity has been linked to increased inflammation, susceptibility to infection, and higher rates of anxiety disorder and cognitive impairment. To determine how obesity alters neuroinflammation and behavior following infection, we infected weanling C57BL/6 or CCR2(RFP/+)/CX3CR1(GFP/+) mice with a very low dose of HSV-1. Following viral latency (14days post infection (d p.i.)), mice were randomly assigned to remain on the low fat (LF) diet or switched to a 45% high fat (HF) diet. Eight weeks post diet shift, latently infected mice on the HF diet (HSV-HF) had greater microglial activation and infiltration of inflammatory CCR2(+) monocytes in the hypothalamus and dentate gyrus, in comparison to both HSV-LF mice and uninfected mice on LF and HF diets. VCAM staining was present in hypothalamus and hippocampus of the HSV-HF mice in the areas of monocyte infiltration. Infiltrating monocytes also produced proinflammatory cytokines demonstrating that, along with activated microglia, monocytes contribute to sustained neuroinflammation in latently infected obese mice. Utilizing a light-dark preference test, we found that HSV-HF mice had increased anxiety-like behavior. In the marble-burying test, HF diet and HSV infection resulted in increased numbers of buried marbles. Together, these mice provide a useful, testable model to study the biobehavioral effects of obesity and latent HSV-1 infection in regards to anxiety and may provide a tool for studying diet intervention programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott R. Hutton
- University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Patricia A. Sheridan
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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43
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Dippel EA, Mechels KB, Griese ER, Laufmann RN, Weimer JM. Midwest Science Festival: Exploring Students' and Parents' Participation in and Attitudes Toward Science. S D Med 2016; 69:343-349. [PMID: 28806002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to national numbers, South Dakota has a higher proportion of students interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Interest in science can be influenced by exposure to science through formal and informal learning. Informal science activities (including exposures and participation) have been found to elicit higher levels of interest in science, likely impacting one's attitude towards science overall. The current study goal is to better understand the levels and relationships of attitude, exposure, and participation in science that were present among students and parents attending a free science festival. METHODS The project collected survey data from 65 students and 79 parents attending a science festival ranging from age 6 to 65. RESULTS Informal science participation is significantly related to science attitudes in students and informal science exposure is not. No relationship was found for parents between science attitudes and participation. CONCLUSIONS Students who indicated high levels of informal science participation (i.e., reading science-themed books) were positively related to their attitudes regarding science. However, informal science exposures, such as attending the zoo or independently visiting a science lab, was not significantly associated with positive attitudes towards science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily R Griese
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Research, Sanford Research
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
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Geraets RD, Koh SY, Hastings ML, Kielian T, Pearce DA, Weimer JM. Moving towards effective therapeutic strategies for Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27083890 PMCID: PMC4833901 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a family of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders that annually affect 1:100,000 live births worldwide. This family of diseases results from mutations in one of 14 different genes that share common clinical and pathological etiologies. Clinically, the diseases are subcategorized into infantile, late-infantile, juvenile and adult forms based on their age of onset. Though the disease phenotypes may vary in their age and order of presentation, all typically include progressive visual deterioration and blindness, cognitive impairment, motor deficits and seizures. Pathological hallmarks of NCLs include the accumulation of storage material or ceroid in the lysosome, progressive neuronal degeneration and massive glial activation. Advances have been made in genetic diagnosis and counseling for families. However, comprehensive treatment programs that delay or halt disease progression have been elusive. Current disease management is primarily targeted at controlling the symptoms rather than "curing" the disease. Recognizing the growing need for transparency and synergistic efforts to move the field forward, this review will provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches currently being pursued in preclinical and clinical trials to treat different forms of NCL as well as provide insight to novel therapeutic approaches in development for the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Geraets
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Seung yon Koh
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Michelle L. Hastings
- />Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tammy Kielian
- />Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - David A. Pearce
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- />Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD USA
- />Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD USA
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45
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Brudvig JJ, Weimer JM. X MARCKS the spot: myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate in neuronal function and disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:407. [PMID: 26528135 PMCID: PMC4602126 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein-protein interactions are dynamic events requiring tightly regulated spatial and temporal checkpoints. But how are these spatial and temporal cues integrated to produce highly specific molecular response patterns? A helpful analogy to this process is that of a cellular map, one based on the fleeting localization and activity of various coordinating proteins that direct a wide array of interactions between key molecules. One such protein, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) has recently emerged as an important component of this cellular map, governing a wide variety of protein interactions in every cell type within the brain. In addition to its well-documented interactions with the actin cytoskeleton, MARCKS has been found to interact with a number of other proteins involved in processes ranging from intracellular signaling to process outgrowth. Here, we will explore these diverse interactions and their role in an array of brain-specific functions that have important implications for many neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon J Brudvig
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research Sioux Falls, SD, USA ; Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research Sioux Falls, SD, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota Vermillion, SD, USA
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46
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Muthusamy N, Sommerville LJ, Moeser AJ, Stumpo DJ, Sannes P, Adler K, Blackshear PJ, Weimer JM, Ghashghaei HT. MARCKS-dependent mucin clearance and lipid metabolism in ependymal cells are required for maintenance of forebrain homeostasis during aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:764-73. [PMID: 26010231 PMCID: PMC4568964 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells (ECs) form a barrier responsible for selective movement of fluids and molecules between the cerebrospinal fluid and the central nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic and barrier functions in ECs decline significantly during aging in mice. The longevity of these functions in part requires the expression of the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS). Both the expression levels and subcellular localization of MARCKS in ECs are markedly transformed during aging. Conditional deletion of MARCKS in ECs induces intracellular accumulation of mucins, elevated oxidative stress, and lipid droplet buildup. These alterations are concomitant with precocious disruption of ependymal barrier function, which results in the elevation of reactive astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages in the interstitial brain tissue of young mutant mice. Interestingly, similar alterations are observed during normal aging in ECs and the forebrain interstitium. Our findings constitute a conceptually new paradigm in the potential role of ECs in the initiation of various conditions and diseases in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Muthusamy
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Laura J. Sommerville
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Adam J. Moeser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Deborah J. Stumpo
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709 USA
| | - Philip Sannes
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Kenneth Adler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Durham NC 27709 USA
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Sanford Research Children's Health Research and Department of Pediatric University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux Falls SD 57104 USA
| | - H. Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Program in Genetics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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47
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Beraldi R, Chan CH, Rogers CS, Kovács AD, Meyerholz DK, Trantzas C, Lambertz AM, Darbro BW, Weber KL, White KAM, Rheeden RV, Kruer MC, Dacken BA, Wang XJ, Davis BT, Rohret JA, Struzynski JT, Rohret FA, Weimer JM, Pearce DA. A novel porcine model of ataxia telangiectasia reproduces neurological features and motor deficits of human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6473-84. [PMID: 26374845 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a progressive multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the AT-mutated (ATM) gene. AT is a neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by cerebellar degeneration in children leading to motor impairment. The disease progresses with other clinical manifestations including oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immune disorders, increased susceptibly to cancer and respiratory infections. Although genetic investigations and physiological models have established the linkage of ATM with AT onset, the mechanisms linking ATM to neurodegeneration remain undetermined, hindering therapeutic development. Several murine models of AT have been successfully generated showing some of the clinical manifestations of the disease, however they do not fully recapitulate the hallmark neurological phenotype, thus highlighting the need for a more suitable animal model. We engineered a novel porcine model of AT to better phenocopy the disease and bridge the gap between human and current animal models. The initial characterization of AT pigs revealed early cerebellar lesions including loss of Purkinje cells (PCs) and altered cytoarchitecture suggesting a developmental etiology for AT and could advocate for early therapies for AT patients. In addition, similar to patients, AT pigs show growth retardation and develop motor deficit phenotypes. By using the porcine system to model human AT, we established the first animal model showing PC loss and motor features of the human disease. The novel AT pig provides new opportunities to unmask functions and roles of ATM in AT disease and in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Beraldi
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Chun-Hung Chan
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Attila D Kovács
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Allyn M Lambertz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Cytogenetics/Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA and
| | - Krystal L Weber
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Katherine A M White
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Richard V Rheeden
- Department of Cytogenetics/Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA and
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 E. 60 Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
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48
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Watzlawik JO, Kahoud RJ, O’Toole RJ, White KAM, Ogden AR, Painter MM, Wootla B, Papke LM, Denic A, Weimer JM, Carey WA, Rodriguez M. Abbreviated exposure to hypoxia is sufficient to induce CNS dysmyelination, modulate spinal motor neuron composition, and impair motor development in neonatal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128007. [PMID: 26020269 PMCID: PMC4447462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal white matter injury (nWMI) is an increasingly common cause of cerebral palsy that results predominantly from hypoxic injury to progenitor cells including those of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Existing mouse models of nWMI utilize prolonged periods of hypoxia during the neonatal period, require complex cross-fostering and exhibit poor growth and high mortality rates. Abnormal CNS myelin composition serves as the major explanation for persistent neuro-motor deficits. Here we developed a simplified model of nWMI with low mortality rates and improved growth without cross-fostering. Neonatal mice are exposed to low oxygen from postnatal day (P) 3 to P7, which roughly corresponds to the period of human brain development between gestational weeks 32 and 36. CNS hypomyelination is detectable for 2–3 weeks post injury and strongly correlates with levels of body and brain weight loss. Immediately following hypoxia treatment, cell death was evident in multiple brain regions, most notably in superficial and deep cortical layers as well as the subventricular zone progenitor compartment. PDGFαR, Nkx2.2, and Olig2 positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cell were significantly reduced until postnatal day 27. In addition to CNS dysmyelination we identified a novel pathological marker for adult hypoxic animals that strongly correlates with life-long neuro-motor deficits. Mice reared under hypoxia reveal an abnormal spinal neuron composition with increased small and medium diameter axons and decreased large diameter axons in thoracic lateral and anterior funiculi. Differences were particularly pronounced in white matter motor tracts left and right of the anterior median fissure. Our findings suggest that 4 days of exposure to hypoxia are sufficient to induce experimental nWMI in CD1 mice, thus providing a model to test new therapeutics. Pathological hallmarks of this model include early cell death, decreased OPCs and hypomyelination in early postnatal life, followed by dysmyelination, abnormal spinal neuron composition, and neuro-motor deficits in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens O. Watzlawik
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Kahoud
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. O’Toole
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. M. White
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Alyssa R. Ogden
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Meghan M. Painter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bharath Wootla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Louisa M. Papke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aleksandar Denic
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Weimer
- Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - William A. Carey
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Ling J, Barcia G, Jing L, Wu J, Barry BJ, Mochida GH, Hill RS, Weimer JM, Stein Q, Poduri A, Partlow JN, Ville D, Dulac O, Yu TW, Lam ATN, Servattalab S, Rodriguez J, Boddaert N, Munnich A, Colleaux L, Zon LI, Söll D, Walsh CA, Nabbout R. Mutations in QARS, encoding glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, cause progressive microcephaly, cerebral-cerebellar atrophy, and intractable seizures. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:547-58. [PMID: 24656866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive microcephaly is a heterogeneous condition with causes including mutations in genes encoding regulators of neuronal survival. Here, we report the identification of mutations in QARS (encoding glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase [QARS]) as the causative variants in two unrelated families affected by progressive microcephaly, severe seizures in infancy, atrophy of the cerebral cortex and cerebellar vermis, and mild atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres. Whole-exome sequencing of individuals from each family independently identified compound-heterozygous mutations in QARS as the only candidate causative variants. QARS was highly expressed in the developing fetal human cerebral cortex in many cell types. The four QARS mutations altered highly conserved amino acids, and the aminoacylation activity of QARS was significantly impaired in mutant cell lines. Variants p.Gly45Val and p.Tyr57His were located in the N-terminal domain required for QARS interaction with proteins in the multisynthetase complex and potentially with glutamine tRNA, and recombinant QARS proteins bearing either substitution showed an over 10-fold reduction in aminoacylation activity. Conversely, variants p.Arg403Trp and p.Arg515Trp, each occurring in a different family, were located in the catalytic core and completely disrupted QARS aminoacylation activity in vitro. Furthermore, p.Arg403Trp and p.Arg515Trp rendered QARS less soluble, and p.Arg403Trp disrupted QARS-RARS (arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1) interaction. In zebrafish, homozygous qars loss of function caused decreased brain and eye size and extensive cell death in the brain. Our results highlight the importance of QARS during brain development and that epilepsy due to impairment of QARS activity is unusually severe in comparison to other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Jiqiang Ling
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lili Jing
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brenda J Barry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60(th) Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Quinn Stein
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ob/Gyn, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Dorothée Ville
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Dulac
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tim W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anh-Thu N Lam
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sarah Servattalab
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Jacqueline Rodriguez
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Imagine institute, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Imagine institute, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Imagine institute, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dieter Söll
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1129, NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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50
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Kruer MC, Jepperson TN, Weimer JM, Mroch A, Davis-Keppen L, Crotwell P, Parboosingh J. Mutations in VLDLR associated with ataxia with secondary vitamin E deficiency. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1904-5. [PMID: 23813796 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kruer
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA; Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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