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Saleh MM, Hamhom AM, Al-Otaibi A, AlGhamdi M, Housawi Y, Aljadhai YI, Alameer S, Almannai M, Jad LA, Alwadei AH, Tabassum S, Alsaman A, AlAsmari A, Al Mutairi F, Althiyab H, Bashiri FA, AlHumaidi S, Alfadhel M, Mink JW, AlHashim A, Faqeih EA. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in Saudi Arabia. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 155:149-155. [PMID: 38653183 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) represent a heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic lysosomal disorders characterized by neurodegeneration. This study sought to describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of NCLs in Saudi Arabia and determine the most common types in that population. METHODS A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted for 63 patients with NCL (55 families) from six tertiary and referral centers in Saudi Arabia between 2008 and 2022. Clinical, radiological, and neurophysiological data as well as genetic diagnoses were reviewed. RESULTS CLN6 was the predominant type, accounting for 45% of cases in 25 families. The most common initial symptoms were speech delay (53%), cognitive decline (50%) and/or gait abnormalities (48%), and seizure (40%). Behavioral symptomatology was observed in 20%, whereas visual impairment was less frequently (9.3%) encountered. Diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was the predominant finding on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalography generally revealed background slowing in all patients with generalized epileptiform discharges in 60%. The most common genotype detected was the p.Ser265del variant found in 36% (20 of 55 families). The most rapidly progressive subtypes were CLN2 and CLN6. Two patients with each died at age five years. The earliest age at which a patient was nonambulatory was two years in a patient with CLN14. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest molecularly confirmed NCL cohort study from Saudi Arabia. Characterizing the natural history of specific NLC types can increase understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and distinctive genotype-phenotype characteristics, facilitating early diagnosis and treatment initiation as well as genetic counseling for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Saleh
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim M Hamhom
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al-Otaibi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak AlGhamdi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Housawi
- Section of Medical Genetics, Pediatric Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser I Aljadhai
- Department of Neuroimaging and Intervention, Medical Imaging Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Alameer
- Department of Pediatric, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamyaa A Jad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alwadei
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Tabassum
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsaman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlAsmari
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Althiyab
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan AlHumaidi
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan W Mink
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Aqeela AlHashim
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa A Faqeih
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Guo T, Xiong J, Feng H, Bu L, Xiao T, Zhou L, He J, Deng M, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. L116 Deletion in CSPα Promotes α-Synuclein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:15-27. [PMID: 37566176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome that is caused by Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report a patient who exhibited progressive parkinsonism, epilepsy, and cognitive impairment and was diagnosed with adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (ANCLs). The patient carries a mutation (p.Leu116 del) in the DNAJC5 gene that encodes cysteine string protein (CSPα). Since the patient shows typical parkinsonism and loss of dopamine transporter in the striatum, we investigated the effect of wild-type and L116del mutant CSPα on the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and neurotoxicity in vitro. Overexpression of wild-type CSPα attenuated the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and aggregation of α-syn induced by α-syn fibrils. Moreover, wild-type CSPα inhibits oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and rescues inefficient SNARE complex formation induced by α-syn fibrils in SH-SY5Y cells. However, these protective effects of CSPα were abolished by the L116del mutation. Collectively, these results indicate that L116 deletion in CSPα promotes α-syn pathology and neurotoxicity. Boosting CSPα may be therapeutically useful for treating synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Faculty of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET-CT/MRI Center, Faculty of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Juanfeng He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Sakti DH, Cornish EE, Fraser CL, Nash BM, Sandercoe TM, Jones MM, Rowe NA, Jamieson RV, Johnson AM, Grigg JR. Early recognition of CLN3 disease facilitated by visual electrophysiology and multimodal imaging. Doc Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10633-023-09930-1. [PMID: 36964447 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a group of neurodegenerative disorders with varying visual dysfunction. CLN3 is a subtype which commonly presents with visual decline. Visual symptomatology can be indistinct making early diagnosis difficult. This study reports ocular biomarkers of CLN3 patients to assist clinicians in early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and future therapy. METHODS Retrospective review of 5 confirmed CLN3 patients in our eye clinic. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), electroretinogram (ERG), ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies were undertaken. RESULTS Five unrelated children, 4 females and 1 male, with median age of 6.2 years (4.6-11.7) at first assessment were investigated at the clinic from 2016 to 2021. Four homozygous and one heterozygous pathogenic CLN3 variants were found. Best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) ranged from 0.18 to 0.88 logMAR at first presentation. Electronegative ERGs were identified in all patients. Bull's eye maculopathies found in all patients. Hyper-autofluorescence ring surrounding hypo-autofluorescence fovea on FAF was found. Foveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruptions were found in all patients with additional inner and outer retinal microcystic changes in one patient. Neurological problems noted included autism, anxiety, motor dyspraxia, behavioural issue, and psychomotor regression. CONCLUSIONS CLN3 patients presented at median age 6.2 years with visual decline. Early onset maculopathy with an electronegative ERG and variable cognitive and motor decline should prompt further investigations including neuropaediatric evaluation and genetic assessment for CLN3 disease. The structural parameters such as EZ and FAF will facilitate ocular monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhimas H Sakti
- Save Sight Institute, Speciality of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elisa E Cornish
- Save Sight Institute, Speciality of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare L Fraser
- Save Sight Institute, Speciality of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Nash
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia
| | - Trent M Sandercoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael M Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil A Rowe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Save Sight Institute, Speciality of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, Speciality of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia.
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia.
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Kulsirichawaroj P, Likasitwattanakul S, Boonsimma P, Prangphan K, Chanvanichtrakool M. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Presenting as Rett-like Phenotype: A Two-Case Report From Thailand. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 136:50-55. [PMID: 36137348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) (hereafter described as CLN disease) comprise a rare and life-limiting set of genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by abnormal lysosomal storage. The NCL disorders are, collectively, the most common group of degenerative brain disorders in children. PATIENT DESCRIPTIONS We report two cases of CLN disease that were diagnosed and treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Both cases of CLN disease (CLN1 and CLN6 diagnosed in 2016 and 2017, respectively) profiled in this report presented with clinical features of Rett syndrome. In the first case, a 2-year-old girl presented with Rett-like clinical features, including global developmental regression and hand-wringing action. Single-gene analysis of the MECP2 gene was negative. However, PPT1 gene sequencing revealed a novel homozygous frameshift mutation, c.629_630dupGT (p.Ile211Valfs∗10). In the second case, a 7.5-year-old girl presented with ataxia, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, and Rett-like hand-wringing. A c.794_796delCCT variant in the CLN6 gene was identified by whole-exome sequencing. Fingerprint bodies from electron microscopy of the skin also supported a diagnosis of CLN disease in our second case. DISCUSSION Presentation with clinical features of Rett syndrome has only been reported in patients diagnosed with CLN1 and CLN7 disease, and never in those with CLN6. CONCLUSIONS Physicians should suspect and investigate for CLN disease in patients with Rett-like phenotype who are negative for MECP2 mutation, especially in patients with visual impairment and early prominent brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Kulsirichawaroj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachai Likasitwattanakul
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponghatai Boonsimma
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Prangphan
- Division of Medical Genetics Research and Laboratory, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Chanvanichtrakool
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Thirumal Kumar D, Shaikh N, Udhaya Kumar S, George Priya Doss C. Computational and structural investigation of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1) protein causing Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL). Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2022; 132:89-109. [PMID: 36088080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders, associated with 14 Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Neuronal genes (CLN1-14). The mutations in the Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 (PPT1) protein serve as one of the major reasons for the causative of NCL. The PPT1 involves degrading and modifying cysteine residues in proteins or peptides by removing thioester-linked fatty acyl groups like palmitate prefers acyl chains of 14-18 carbons in length. In this study, we have analyzed the impact of PPT1 mutations on the deleteriousness, stability, conservative nature of amino acid, and impact of mutations on the protein structure. We have also used molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS to perceive the alteration in the dynamic behavior of the PPT1 at the residual level. In this study, we have retrieved 23 PPT1 mutations from the UniProt database, and these were subjected to a series of analyses using varied computer algorithms. From these analyses, out of 23 mutations, 16 mutations were identified as deleterious. Among 16, eight mutations were identified to destabilize the protein structure, and finally, two mutations (W38C and L222P) were found to be positioned in the highly conserved region. The structural impact study observed that the mutant proline could disrupt the alpha helix formed by the leucine at position 222. Finally, from the molecular dynamics simulations, we observed that due to the mutations (W38C and L222P), the protein had experienced higher deviation, fluctuation, and lower compactness. These structural changes elucidate that these mutations can impact the structure and function of the PPT1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thirumal Kumar
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nishaat Shaikh
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rus CM, Weissensteiner T, Pereira C, Susnea I, Danquah BD, Morales Torres G, Rocha ME, Cozma C, Saravanakumar D, Mannepalli S, Kandaswamy KK, Di Bucchianico S, Zimmermann R, Rolfs A, Bauer P, Beetz C. Clinical and genetic characterization of a cohort of 97 CLN6 patients tested at a single center. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:179. [PMID: 35505348 PMCID: PMC9066917 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal 6 (CLN6) disease belongs to the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), complex and genetically heterogeneous disorders with wide geographical and phenotypic variation. The first clinical signs usually appear between 18 months and 8 years, but examples of later-onset have also been reported. Common manifestations include ataxia, seizures, vision impairment, and developmental regression. Because these are shared by other neurological diseases, identification of CLN6 genetic variants is imperative for early diagnosis. Results We present one of the largest cohorts to date of genetically diagnosed CLN6 patients screened at a single center. In total 97 subjects, originating from 20 countries were screened between 2010 and 2020. They comprised 86 late-infantile, eight juvenile, and three adult-onset cases (two patients with Kufs disease type A, and one with teenage progressive myoclonic epilepsy). The male to female ratio was 1.06: 1.00. The age at referral was between six months and 33 years. The time from disease onset to referral ranged from less than 1 month to 8.3 years. The clinical phenotype consisted of a combination of symptoms, as reported before. We characterized a total of 45 distinct variants defining 45 distinct genotypes. Twenty-four were novel variants, some with distinct geographic associations. Remarkably, c.257A > G (p.H86R) was present in five out of 23 unrelated Egyptian individuals but in no patients from other countries. The most common genotype was homozygosity for the c.794_796del in-frame deletion. It was present in about one-third of CLN6 patients (28 unrelated cases, and 2 familial cases), all with late-infantile onset. Variants with a high likelihood of causing loss of CLN6 function were found in 21% of cases and made up 33% of all distinct variants. Forty-four percent of variants were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Conclusions Our study significantly expands the number of published clinical cases and the mutational spectrum of disease-associated CLN6 variants, especially for the Middle Eastern and North African regions. We confirm previous observations regarding the most prevalent symptoms and recommend including CLN6 in the genetic diagnosis of patients presenting with early-onset abnormalities of the nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Marcela Rus
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany. .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Cozma
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 2, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Arcensus GmbH, Goethestrasse 20, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Centogene GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Domowicz MS, Chan WC, Claudio-Vázquez P, Gonzalez T, Schwartz NB. Brain transcriptome analysis of a CLN2 mouse model as a function of disease progression. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:262. [PMID: 34749772 PMCID: PMC8576919 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, (NCLs or Batten disease) are a group of inherited, early onset, fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with mutations in 13 genes. All forms of the disease are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of fluorescent storage material, as well as profound neurodegeneration, but the relationship of the various genes’ function to a single biological process is not obvious. In this study, we used a well-characterized mouse model of classical late infantile NCL (cLINCL) in which the tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (Tpp1) gene is disrupted by gene targeting, resulting in loss of detectable TPP1 activity and leading to progressive neurological phenotypes including ataxia, increased motor deficiency, and early death. Methods In order to identify genes and pathways that may contribute to progression of the neurodegenerative process, we analyzed forebrain/midbrain and cerebellar transcriptional differences at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months of age in control and TPP1-deficient mice by global RNA-sequencing. Results Progressive neurodegenerative inflammatory responses involving microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells were observed, accompanied by activation of leukocyte extravasation signals and upregulation of nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species. Several astrocytic (i.e., Gfap, C4b, Osmr, Serpina3n) and microglial (i.e., Ctss, Itgb2, Itgax, Lyz2) genes were identified as strong markers for assessing disease progression as they showed increased levels of expression in vivo over time. Furthermore, transient increased expression of choroid plexus genes was observed at 2 months in the lateral and fourth ventricle, highlighting an early role for the choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid in the disease pathology. Based on these gene expression changes, we concluded that neuroinflammation starts, for the most part, after 2 months in the Tpp1−/− brain and that activation of microglia and astrocytes occur more rapidly in cerebellum than in the rest of the brain; confirming increased severity of inflammation in this region. Conclusions These findings have led to a better understanding of cLINCL pathological onset and progression, which may aid in development of future therapeutic treatments for this disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02302-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Domowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5058, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Wen-Ching Chan
- Center for Research Informatics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Patricia Claudio-Vázquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5058, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tatiana Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5058, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nancy B Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5058, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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8
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Russell KN, Mitchell NL, Wellby MP, Barrell GK, Palmer DN. Electroretinography data from ovine models of CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Data Brief 2021; 37:107188. [PMID: 34141843 PMCID: PMC8187955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents datasets associated with the research article entitled "Intravitreal gene therapy protects against retinal dysfunction and degeneration in sheep with CLN5 Batten disease" (Murray et al., [1]). The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; Batten disease) are a group of fatal inherited diseases caused by mutations in a number of CLN genes that lead to degenerative and fatal encephalopathies in children. Naturally-occuring sheep models of NCL exist. Affected sheep share the clinical and pathological features of the human disease, including retinal degeneration. Electroretinography (ERG) was employed to characterise the physiological changes in the degenerating retina of CLN5 and CLN6 forms of ovine NCL. ERGs were performed every two months from 3 to 17 months of age in 11 NCL affected (6 CLN5-/ - and 5 CLN6-/- ) sheep and 12 clinically normal heterozygous controls (6 CLN5+/ - and 6 CLN6 +/-) under three different adaptation conditions. A-wave and b-wave amplitudes were collected from each eye using the Eickemeyer Veterinary ERG system. These are the first longitudinal datasets assessing the progression of retinal degeneration in ovine NCL, aiding in characterisation of the disease process and providing insight into optimal therapeutic windows for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina N. Russell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Nadia L. Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin P. Wellby
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Graham K. Barrell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - David N. Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Yıldırım M, Köse E, Keçeli AM, Balasar Ö, Şimşek N. Status dystonicus associated with CLN8 disease. Brain Dev 2021; 43:571-575. [PMID: 33358637 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status dystonicus is an underdiagnosed condition, probably due to heterogeneous etiology, presentation and course. Herein, we report the first case of CLN8 disease in the literature presenting with status dystonicus who responded well to pharmacological intervention. CASE A boy aged five years and three months presented with fever, loss of appetite, intermittent excessive dystonic contractions, opisthotonus with retrocollis, and irritability for three days. His developmental milestones were reported as normal up to the age of three years and six months. At this age, he developed seizures, ataxia, and vision problems. Deterioration in developmental milestones was observed from the age of four. Laboratory tests demonstrated leukocytosis, abnormal renal function, mild metabolic acidosis, elevated creatine kinase and transaminase levels. The brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Homozygous missense mutation of c.709G > A (p.G237R) in the CLN8 gene was revealed. With all these clinical and laboratory findings, he was diagnosed with status dystonicus associated with CLN8 disease. Antibiotherapy, anticonvulsant drugs, and intravenous hydration with alkaline fluids were initiated. Due to irregular breathing, dysphagia, and worsening of dystonic contractions, mechanical ventilation was performed, and baclofen, haloperidol, midazolam infusion and chloral hydrate were administered, respectively. Finally, serum creatine kinase levels decreased, and dystonic contractions improved on the 15th day of hospitalization. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first report describing the status dystonicus in a patient with CLN8 disease. Our report suggested that neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses should be kept in mind in the etiology of status dystonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miraç Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Engin Köse
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Avni Merter Keçeli
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Balasar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Şimşek
- Department of Pediatrics, Konya Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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10
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Kose M, Kose E, Ünalp A, Yılmaz Ü, Edizer S, Tekin HG, Karaoğlu P, Özdemir TR, Er E, Onay H, Yildirim ES. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: genetic and phenotypic spectrum of 14 patients from Turkey. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1103-1111. [PMID: 33486620 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) is a group of congenital metabolic diseases where the neurodegenerative process with the accumulation of ceroid and lipofuscin autofluorescent storage materials is at the forefront. According to the age of presentation, NCLs are classified as congenital, infantile (INCL), late infantile (LINCL), juvenile (JNCL), and adult (ANCL) NCLs. In our study, it was aimed to discuss the clinical and molecular characteristics of our patients diagnosed with NCL. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in 14 patients from 10 unrelated families who were diagnosed with different types of NCL based on clinical presentation, neuroimaging, biochemical measurements, and molecular analyses, at the department of pediatric metabolism between June 2015 and June 2020. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were diagnosed with different types of NCL. Of those, 4 patients were diagnosed with NCL7 (4/14; 30%), 3/14 (23%) with NCL1, 3/14 (23%) with NCL2, 2/14 (14.2%) with NCL13, and 1/14 (7.1%) with NCL10. Eleven pathogenic variants were detected, 5 of which are novel (c.721G>T [p.Gly241Ter] and c.301G>C [p.Ala146Pro] in MFDS8 gene; c.316C>T [p.Gln106Ter] in PPT1 gene; c.341C>T [p.Ala114Val] in TPP1 gene; c.686A>T [p.Glu229Val] in CTSD gene) CONCLUSION: This study is one of the pioneer comprehensive researches from Turkey that provides information about disease-causing variants and clinical presentation of different and rare types of NCLs. The identification of novel variants and phenotypic expansion is important for genetic counselling in Turkey and expected to improve understanding of NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Kose
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Ismet Kaptan Street, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Engin Kose
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aycan Ünalp
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ünsal Yılmaz
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selvinaz Edizer
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Gazeteci Tekin
- Faculty of Medicine, Çiğli Research and Training Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Bakırçay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pakize Karaoğlu
- Pediatric Neurology Department, University of Health Sciences, Behçet Uz Children Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Reşid Özdemir
- Genetics Department, University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training & Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Er
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eser Sozmen Yildirim
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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11
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Li W, Fan X, Zhang Y, Huang L, Jiang T, Qin Z, Su J, Luo J, Yi S, Zhang S, Shen Y. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant unmasked by a large de novo deletion at 13q21.33-q31.1 in a Chinese patient with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 5. BMC Med Genet 2020; 21:100. [PMID: 32393339 PMCID: PMC7216669 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 5 (CLN5) is a rare form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) which are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive intellectual and motor deterioration, visual failure, seizures, behavioral changes and premature death. CLN5 was initially named Finnish variant late infantile NCL, it is now known to be present in other ethnic populations and with variable age of onset. Few CLN5 patients had been reported in Chinese population. CASE PRESENTATION In this paper, we report the symptoms of a Chinese patient who suffer from developmental regression and grand mal epilepsy for several years. The DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of proband and both parents, and then whole exome sequencing was performed using genomic DNA. Both sequence variants and copy number variants (CNVs) were analyzed and classified according to guidelines. As the result, a novel frameshift mutation c.718_719delAT/p.Met240fs in CLN5 and a de novo large deletion at 13q21.33-q31.1 which unmasked the frameshift mutation were identified in the proband. Despite the large de novo deletion, which can be classified as a pathogenic copy number variant (CNV), the patient's clinical presentation is mostly consistent with that of CLN5, except for early developmental delay which is believed due to the large deletion. Both variants were detected simultaneously by exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of whole gene deletion in combination with a novel pathogenic sequence variant in a CLN5 patient. The two mutations detected with whole exome sequencing simultaneously proved the advantage of the sequencing technology for genetic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Limei Huang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Jingrong Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defect Prevention Research Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Children's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530002, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Liu W, Kleine-Holthaus SM, Herranz-Martin S, Aristorena M, Mole SE, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Rahim AA. Experimental gene therapies for the NCLs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165772. [PMID: 32220628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also known as Batten disease, are a group of rare monogenic neurodegenerative diseases predominantly affecting children. All NCLs are lethal and incurable and only one has an approved treatment available. To date, 13 NCL subtypes (CLN1-8, CLN10-14) have been identified, based on the particular disease-causing defective gene. The exact functions of NCL proteins and the pathological mechanisms underlying the diseases are still unclear. However, gene therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for this group of conditions. Here we provide a short review discussing updates on the current gene therapy studies for the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Liu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK
| | | | - Saul Herranz-Martin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) and Departamento de Biología Molecular,Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Robin R Ali
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, UK.
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13
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Parvin S, Rezazadeh M, Hosseinzadeh H, Moradi M, Shiva S, Gharesouran J. The Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses-Linked Loss of Function CLN5 and CLN8 Variants Disrupt Normal Lysosomal Function. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:160-169. [PMID: 30919163 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in fourteen distinct ceroid lipofuscinoses, neuronal (CLN) genes described with various severe symptoms such as seizures, visual failure, motor decline, and progressive cognitive deterioration. The current research represents novel CLN5 (c.741G > A) and CLN8 (c.565delT) mutations in two different Iranian families with late-infantile NCL (LINCL) and their relatives by using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The first family had a 10-year-old male with consanguineous parents and severe NCL symptoms, including motor clumsiness, telangiectasia, and cerebellar atrophy. The second family with a child who suffered from nystagmus rotation, motor difficulties, and seizure was a 5-year-old male with consanguineous parent. WES of probands 1 and 2 revealed homozygotic mutations in exon 4 of CLN5 (c.741G > A, p.W247X) and deletion in exon 3 (c.565delT, p.F189fs) of CLN8, respectively. Both patients' parents were heterozygous for these alterations. In concordance with previous studies, our results indicate that pathogenic mutations in CLN genes, especially CLN5 and 8, are a main cause of LINCL; these results also suggest that LINCL is not a regionally or nationally dependent disorder and can occur in any ethnic group despite the fact that some populations may be more at risk. Consequently, CLN gene screening for patients with typical signs of LINCL is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaho Parvin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rabe Rashidi Institute, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moradi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rabe Rashidi Institute, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Shiva
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2nd Floor, Golghasht St, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Poppens MJ, Cain JT, Johnson TB, White KA, Davis SS, Laufmann R, Kloth AD, Weimer JM. Tracking sex-dependent differences in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:19. [PMID: 30665444 PMCID: PMC6341540 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-0994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CLN6-Batten disease is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized pathologically by the accumulation of lysosomal storage material, glial activation and neurodegeneration, and phenotypically by loss of vision, motor coordination, and cognitive ability, with premature death occurring in the second decade of life. In this study, we investigate whether sex differences in a mouse model of CLN6-Batten disease impact disease onset and progression. Results A number of noteworthy differences were observed including elevated accumulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit C in the thalamus and cortex of female Cln6 mutant mice at 2 months of age. Moreover, female mutant mice showed more severe behavioral deficits. Beginning at 9 months of age, female mice demonstrated learning and memory deficits and suffered a more severe decline in motor coordination. Further, compared to their male counterparts, female animals succumbed to the disease at a slightly younger age, indicating an accelerated disease progression. Conversely, males showed a marked increase in microglial activation at 6 months of age in the cortex relative to females. Conclusions Thus, as female Cln6 mutant mice exhibit cellular and behavioral deficits that precede similar pathologies in male mutant mice, our findings suggest the need for consideration of sex-based differences in CLN6 disease progression during development of preclinical and clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-0994-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKayla J Poppens
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tyler B Johnson
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Samantha S Davis
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rachel Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
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15
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Huber RJ, Mathavarajah S. Secretion and function of Cln5 during the early stages of Dictyostelium development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2018; 1865:1437-1450. [PMID: 30048658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in CLN5 cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a currently untreatable neurodegenerative disorder commonly known as Batten disease. Several genetic models have been generated to study the function of CLN5, but one limitation has been the lack of a homolog in lower eukaryotic model systems. Our previous work revealed a homolog of CLN5 in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We used a Cln5-GFP fusion protein to show that the protein is secreted and functions as a glycoside hydrolase in Dictyostelium. Importantly, we also revealed this to be the molecular function of human CLN5. In this study, we generated an antibody against Cln5 to show that the endogenous protein is secreted during the early stages of Dictyostelium development. Like human CLN5, the Dictyostelium homolog is glycosylated and requires this post-translational modification for secretion. Cln5 secretion bypasses the Golgi complex, and instead, occurs via an unconventional pathway linked to autophagy. Interestingly, we observed co-localization of Cln5 and GFP-Cln3 as well as increased secretion of Cln5 and Cln5-GFP in cln3- cells. Loss of Cln5 causes defects in adhesion and chemotaxis, which intriguingly, has also been reported for Dictyostelium cells lacking Cln3. Finally, autofluorescence was detected in cln5- cells, which is consistent with observations in mammalian systems. Together, our data support a function for Cln5 during the early stages of multicellular development, provide further evidence for the molecular networking of NCL proteins, and provide insight into the mechanisms that may underlie CLN5 function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Schultz ML, Tecedor L, Lysenko E, Ramachandran S, Stein CS, Davidson BL. Modulating membrane fluidity corrects Batten disease phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:182-193. [PMID: 29660499 PMCID: PMC5969532 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a class of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. The most common neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis has juvenile onset with rapid onset blindness and progressive degeneration of cognitive processes. The juvenile form is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene, which encodes the protein CLN3. While mouse models of Cln3 deficiency show mild disease phenotypes, it is apparent from patient tissue- and cell-based studies that its loss impacts many cellular processes. Using Cln3 deficient mice, we previously described defects in mouse brain endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Here we expand on this to other components of the BBB and show that Cln3 deficient mice have increased astrocyte endfeet area. Interestingly, this phenotype is corrected by treatment with a commonly used GAP junction inhibitor, carbenoxolone (CBX). In addition to its action on GAP junctions, CBX has also been proposed to alter lipid microdomains. In this work, we show that CBX modifies lipid microdomains and corrects membrane fluidity alterations in Cln3 deficient endothelial cells, which in turn improves defects in endocytosis, caveolin-1 distribution at the plasma membrane, and Cdc42 activity. In further work using the NIH Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), we discovered other small molecules whose impact was similar to CBX in that they improved Cln3-deficient cell phenotypes. Moreover, Cln3 deficient mice treated orally with CBX exhibited recovery of impaired BBB responses and reduced auto-fluorescence. CBX and the compounds identified by LINCS, many of which have been used in humans or approved for other indications, may find therapeutic benefit in children suffering from CLN3 deficiency through mechanisms independent of their original intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Luis Tecedor
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elena Lysenko
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shyam Ramachandran
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Colleen S Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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17
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Gao Z, Xie H, Jiang Q, Wu N, Chen X, Chen Q. Identification of two novel null variants in CLN8 by targeted next-generation sequencing: first report of a Chinese patient with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis due to CLN8 variants. BMC Med Genet 2018; 19:21. [PMID: 29422019 PMCID: PMC5806251 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are one of the most frequent childhood-onset neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by seizures, progressive cognitive decline, motor impairment and loss of vision. For the past two decades, more than 430 variants in 13 candidate genes have been identified in the affected patients. Most of the variants were almost exclusively reported in Western patients, and very little clinical and genetic information was available for Chinese patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report a Chinese boy whose clinical phenotypes were suspected to be NCL, including intractable epilepsy, cognitive and motor decline and progressive vision loss. Using targeted next-generation sequencing, two novel null variants in CLN8 (c.298C > T, p.Gln100Ter; c.551G > A, p.Trp184Ter) were detected in this patient in trans model. These two variants were interpreted as pathogenic according to the variant guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case report of NCL due to CLN8 variants in China. Our findings expand the variant diversity of CLN8 and demonstrate the tremendous diagnosis value of targeted next-generation sequencing for pediatric NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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18
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Kleine Holthaus SM, Smith AJ, Mole SE, Ali RR. Gene Therapy Approaches to Treat the Neurodegeneration and Visual Failure in Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 1074:91-9. [PMID: 29721932 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of fatal, inherited lysosomal storage disorders mostly affecting the central nervous system of children. Symptoms include vision loss, seizures, motor deterioration and cognitive decline ultimately resulting in premature death. Studies in animal models showed that the diseases are amenable to gene supplementation therapies, and over the last decade, major advances have been made in the (pre)clinical development of these therapies. This mini-review summarises and discusses current gene therapy approaches for NCL targeting the brain and the eye.
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Seranova E, Connolly KJ, Zatyka M, Rosenstock TR, Barrett T, Tuxworth RI, Sarkar S. Dysregulation of autophagy as a common mechanism in lysosomal storage diseases. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:733-49. [PMID: 29233882 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20170055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome plays a pivotal role between catabolic and anabolic processes as the nexus for signalling pathways responsive to a variety of factors, such as growth, nutrient availability, energetic status and cellular stressors. Lysosomes are also the terminal degradative organelles for autophagy through which macromolecules and damaged cellular components and organelles are degraded. Autophagy acts as a cellular homeostatic pathway that is essential for organismal physiology. Decline in autophagy during ageing or in many diseases, including late-onset forms of neurodegeneration is considered a major contributing factor to the pathology. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that impairment in autophagy is also a central mechanism underlying several lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). LSDs are a class of rare, inherited disorders whose histopathological hallmark is the accumulation of undegraded materials in the lysosomes due to abnormal lysosomal function. Inefficient degradative capability of the lysosomes has negative impact on the flux through the autophagic pathway, and therefore dysregulated autophagy in LSDs is emerging as a relevant disease mechanism. Pathology in the LSDs is generally early-onset, severe and life-limiting but current therapies are limited or absent; recognizing common autophagy defects in the LSDs raises new possibilities for therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which LSDs occur, focusing on perturbations in the autophagy pathway and present the latest data supporting the development of novel therapeutic approaches related to the modulation of autophagy.
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Savchenko E, Singh Y, Konttinen H, Lejavova K, Mediavilla Santos L, Grubman A, Kärkkäinen V, Keksa-Goldsteine V, Naumenko N, Tavi P, White AR, Malm T, Koistinaho J, Kanninen KM. Loss of Cln5 causes altered neurogenesis in a mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1089-1100. [PMID: 28733362 PMCID: PMC5611964 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons in the brain throughout an individual's lifetime in an intricate process called neurogenesis. Neurogenic alterations are a common feature of several adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are the most common group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases that mainly affect children. Pathological features of the NCLs include accumulation of lysosomal storage material, neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration, yet the exact cause of this group of diseases remains poorly understood. The function of the CLN5 protein, causative of the CLN5 disease form of NCL, is unknown. In the present study, we sought to examine neurogenesis in the neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of Cln5 Our findings demonstrate a newly identified crucial role for CLN5 in neurogenesis. We report for the first time that neurogenesis is increased in Cln5-deficient mice, which model the childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of Cln5 Our results demonstrate that, in Cln5 deficiency, proliferation of NPCs is increased, NPC migration is reduced and NPC differentiation towards the neuronal lineage is increased concomitantly with functional alterations in the NPCs. Moreover, the observed impairment in neurogenesis is correlated with increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. A full understanding of the pathological mechanisms that lead to disease and the function of the NCL proteins are critical for designing effective therapeutic approaches for this devastating neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Savchenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yajuvinder Singh
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Konttinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarina Lejavova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Mediavilla Santos
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Virve Kärkkäinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Velta Keksa-Goldsteine
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Minye HM, Fabritius AL, Vesa J, Peltonen L. Data on characterizing the gene expression patterns of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes: CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5 and their association to interneuron and neurotransmission markers: Parvalbumin and Somatostatin. Data Brief 2016; 8:741-9. [PMID: 27508227 PMCID: PMC4950137 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article contains raw and analyzed data related to the research article “Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5 are spatially and temporally co-expressed in a developing mouse brain” (Fabritius et al., 2014) [1]. The processed data gives an understanding of the development of the cell types that are mostly affected by defective function of CLN proteins, timing of expression of CLN1, CLN2, CLN3 and CLN5 genes in a murine model. The data shows relationship between the expression pattern of these genes during neural development. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify known interneuronal markers for neurotransmission and cell proliferation: parvalbumin, somatostatin subpopulations of interneurons. Non-radioactive in-situ hybridization detected CLN5 mRNA in the hippocampus. Throughout the development strong expression of CLN genes were identified in the germinal epithelium and in ventricle regions, cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. This provides supportive evidence that CLN1, CLN2, CLN3 and CLN5 genes may be involved in synaptic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Minye
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Fabritius
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jouni Vesa
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum, National Public Health Institute, PO Box 104, FIN 00300 Helsinki, Finland
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Cismondi IA, Kohan R, Adams H, Bond M, Brown R, Cooper JD, de Hidalgo PK, Holthaus SMK, Mole SE, Mugnaini J, de Ramirez AMO, Pesaola F, Rautenberg G, Platt FM, Noher de Halac I. Guidelines for incorporating scientific knowledge and practice on rare diseases into higher education: neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses as a model disorder. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2316-23. [PMID: 26117801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses the educational issues associated with rare diseases (RD) and in particular the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs, or CLN diseases) in the curricula of Health Sciences and Professional's Training Programs. Our aim is to develop guidelines for improving scientific knowledge and practice in higher education and continuous learning programs. Rare diseases (RD) are collectively common in the general population with 1 in 17 people affected by a RD in their lifetime. Inherited defects in genes involved in metabolism are the commonest group of RD with over 8000 known inborn errors of metabolism. The majority of these diseases are neurodegenerative including the NCLs. Any professional training program on NCL must take into account the medical, social and economic burdens related to RDs. To address these challenges and find solutions to them it is necessary that individuals in the government and administrative authorities, academia, teaching hospitals and medical schools, the pharmaceutical industry, investment community and patient advocacy groups all work together to achieve these goals. The logistical issues of including RD lectures in university curricula and in continuing medical education should reflect its complex nature. To evaluate the state of education in the RD field, a summary should be periodically up dated in order to assess the progress achieved in each country that signed up to the international conventions addressing RD issues in society. It is anticipated that auditing current practice will lead to higher standards and provide a framework for those educators involved in establishing RD teaching programs world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Adriana Cismondi
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Romina Kohan
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Heather Adams
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Mike Bond
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Rachel Brown
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Cooper
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Perla K de Hidalgo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sophia-Martha Kleine Holthaus
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Julia Mugnaini
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Oller de Ramirez
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Favio Pesaola
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Rautenberg
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Inés Noher de Halac
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
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Palmer DN. The relevance of the storage of subunit c of ATP synthase in different forms and models of Batten disease (NCLs). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2287-91. [PMID: 26093153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The discoveries of specific protein storage in the NCLs, particularly of subunit c of ATP synthase in most, and the sphingolipid activator proteins, SAPs or saposins A and D in CLN1, CLN10 and an unassigned form are reviewed. The subunit c stored in the relevant NCLs is the complete mature molecule including an unusual modification found only in animal species, trimethylation of its lysine-43. Because of its strongly hydrophobic and lipid-like properties subunit c is easily overlooked or incorrectly described. This is becoming more of a problem as subunit c is not detected in standard proteomic investigations. Methods are reviewed that allow its unequivocal characterisation. Subunit c storage and cellular storage body accumulation do not cause the neuropathology characteristic of these diseases. The function of the trimethyl group on lysine-43 of subunit c is considered, along with some indications of where its normal turnover may be disrupted in the NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Palmer
- Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; BARN (www.BARN.org.nz).
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24
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Palmer DN, Neverman NJ, Chen JZ, Chang CT, Houweling PJ, Barry LA, Tammen I, Hughes SM, Mitchell NL. Recent studies of ovine neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses from BARN, the Batten Animal Research Network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2279-86. [PMID: 26073432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on naturally occurring New Zealand and Australian ovine models of the neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (Batten disease, NCLs) have greatly aided our understanding of these diseases. Close collaborations between the New Zealand groups at Lincoln University and the University of Otago, Dunedin, and a group at the University of Sydney, Australia, led to the formation of BARN, the Batten Animal Research Network. This review focusses on presentations at the 14th International Conference on Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease), recent relevant background work, and previews of work in preparation for publication. Themes include CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal cell culture studies, studies on tissues from affected and control animals and whole animal in vivo studies. Topics include the effect of a CLN6 mutation on endoplasmic reticulum proteins, lysosomal function and the interactions of CLN6 with other lysosomal activities and trafficking, scoping gene-based therapies, a molecular dissection of neuroinflammation, identification of differentially expressed genes in brain tissue, an attempted therapy with an anti-inflammatory drug in vivo and work towards gene therapy in ovine models of the NCLs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, collectively called NCLs, are rare and fatal lysosomal storage diseases that mainly affect children. Due to the fact that NCLs are both rare and heterogeneous (mutations in thirteen different genes) significant gaps exist in both preclinical and clinical research. Altogether, these gaps are major hurdles to bring therapies to patients while the need for new therapies is urgent to help them and their families. To define gaps and discuss solutions, a round table discussion involving teams and different stake holders took place during the 14th International Conference on Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease) in Cordóba, Argentina. Topics covered by the teams and their leaders (in parentheses) included basic and translational research gaps with regard to large animal models (I. Tammen, D.N. Palmer), human NCL pathology and access to human tissue (J.D. Cooper, H.H. Goebel), rare NCLs (S. Hofman, I. Noher), links of NCLs to other diseases (F.M. Platt), gaps between clinic and clinical trials (H. Adams, A. Schulz), international collaborative efforts working towards a cure (S.E. Mole, H. Band) perspectives on palliative care from patient organizations (M. Frazier, A. West), and issues NCL researchers face when progressing to independent career in academia (M. Bond). Thoughts presented by the team leaders include previously unpublished opinions and information on the lack of understanding of disease pathomechanisms, gene function, assays for drug discovery and target validation, natural history of disease, and biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and treatment effects. This article is not intended to review the NCL literature. It includes personal opinions of the authors and it provides the reader with a summary of gaps discussed and solutions proposed by the teams. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stehr
- NCL Foundation, Holstenwall 10, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Kohan R, Pesaola F, Guelbert N, Pons P, Oller-Ramírez AM, Rautenberg G, Becerra A, Sims K, Xin W, Cismondi IA, Noher de Halac I. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses program: A translational research experience in Argentina. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2301-11. [PMID: 25976102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Argentinean program was initiated more than a decade ago as the first experience of systematic translational research focused on NCL in Latin America. The aim was to overcome misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses in the region. SUBJECTS 216 NCL suspected individuals from 8 different countries and their direct family members. METHODS Clinical assessment, enzyme testing, electron microscopy, and DNA screening. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1) The study confirmed NCL disease in 122 subjects. Phenotypic studies comprised epileptic seizures and movement disorders, ophthalmology, neurophysiology, image analysis, rating scales, enzyme testing, and electron microscopy, carried out under a consensus algorithm; 2) DNA screening and validation of mutations in genes PPT1 (CLN1), TPP1 (CLN2), CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, MFSD8 (CLN7), and CLN8: characterization of variant types, novel/known mutations and polymorphisms; 3) Progress of the epidemiological picture in Latin America; and 4) NCL-like pathology studies in progress. The Translational Research Program was highly efficient in addressing the misdiagnosis/underdiagnosis in the NCL disorders. The study of "orphan diseases" in a public administrated hospital should be adopted by the health systems, as it positively impacts upon the family's quality of life, the collection of epidemiological data, and triggers research advances. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Kohan
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Favio Pesaola
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
| | - Norberto Guelbert
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Pons
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Enrique Barros, 1º piso, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Oller-Ramírez
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Rautenberg
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Becerra
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Katherine Sims
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurology Department, Center for Genetic Research [CHGR], Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Winnie Xin
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurology Department, Center for Genetic Research [CHGR], Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Inés Adriana Cismondi
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Inés Noher de Halac
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
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27
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Cárcel-Trullols J, Kovács AD, Pearce DA. Cell biology of the NCL proteins: What they do and don't do. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2242-55. [PMID: 25962910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The fatal, primarily childhood neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), are currently associated with mutations in 13 genes. The protein products of these genes (CLN1 to CLN14) differ in their function and their intracellular localization. NCL-associated proteins have been localized mostly in lysosomes (CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN7, CLN10, CLN12 and CLN13) but also in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (CLN6 and CLN8), or in the cytosol associated to vesicular membranes (CLN4 and CLN14). Some of them such as CLN1 (palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1), CLN2 (tripeptidyl-peptidase 1), CLN5, CLN10 (cathepsin D), and CLN13 (cathepsin F), are lysosomal soluble proteins; others like CLN3, CLN7, and CLN12, have been proposed to be lysosomal transmembrane proteins. In this review, we give our views and attempt to summarize the proposed and confirmed functions of each NCL protein and describe and discuss research results published since the last review on NCL proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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28
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Scifo E, Szwajda A, Soliymani R, Pezzini F, Bianchi M, Dapkunas A, Dębski J, Uusi-Rauva K, Dadlez M, Gingras AC, Tyynelä J, Simonati A, Jalanko A, Baumann MH, Lalowski M. Proteomic analysis of the palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 interactome in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J Proteomics 2015; 123:42-53. [PMID: 25865307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of inherited progressive childhood disorders, characterized by early accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in lysosomes of neurons or other cells. Clinical symptoms of NCL include: progressive loss of vision, mental and motor deterioration, epileptic seizures and premature death. CLN1 disease (MIM#256730) is caused by mutations in the CLN1 gene, which encodes palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). In this study, we utilised single step affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to unravel the in vivo substrates of human PPT1 in the brain neuronal cells. Protein complexes were isolated from human PPT1 expressing SH-SY5Y stable cells, subjected to filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and analysed on a Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A total of 23 PPT1 interacting partners (IP) were identified from label free quantitation of the MS data by SAINT platform. Three of the identified PPT1 IP, namely CRMP1, DBH, and MAP1B are predicted to be palmitoylated. Our proteomic analysis confirmed previously suggested roles of PPT1 in axon guidance and lipid metabolism, yet implicates the enzyme in novel roles including: involvement in neuronal migration and dopamine receptor mediated signalling pathway. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The significance of this work lies in the unravelling of putative in vivo substrates of human CLN1 or PPT1 in brain neuronal cells. Moreover, the PPT1 IP implicate the enzyme in novel roles including: involvement in neuronal migration and dopamine receptor mediated signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Scifo
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Doctoral Program Brain & Mind, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Agnieszka Szwajda
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesco Pezzini
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arvydas Dapkunas
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kristiina Uusi-Rauva
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Centre for Systems Biology, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaana Tyynelä
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Simonati
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anu Jalanko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Genomics Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc H Baumann
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Hughes SM, Hope KM, Xu JB, Mitchell NL, Palmer DN. Inhibition of storage pathology in prenatal CLN5-deficient sheep neural cultures by lentiviral gene therapy. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 62:543-50. [PMID: 24269732 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease) are inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases caused by mutations in several different genes. Mutations in CLN5 cause a variant late-infantile human disease and some cases of juvenile and adult clinical disease. NCLs also occur in animals, and a flock of New Zealand Borderdale sheep with a CLN5 splice-site mutation has been developed for model studies. Dissociated mixed neural cells from CLN5-deficient foetal sheep brains contained no obvious storage bodies at plating but these accumulated rapidly in culture, mainly in microglial cells and also in neurons and astrocytes. Accumulation was very obvious after a week, as monitored by fluorescent microscopy and immunostaining for subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Photography at intervals revealed the dynamic nature of the cultures and a flow of storage bodies between cells, specifically the phagocytosis of storage-body containing cells by microglia and incorporation of the storage bodies into the host cells. No storage was observed in cultured control cells. Transduction of cell cultures with a lentiviral vector expressing a C-terminal Myc tagged CLN5 resulted in secretion of post-translationally glycosylated and processed CLN5. Transduction of CLN5-deficient cultures with this construct rapidly reversed storage body accumulation, to less than half in only six days. These results show that storage body accumulation is reversible with enzyme correction and support the use of these cultures for testing of therapeutics prior to whole animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 54, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, PO Box 54, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Katie M Hope
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 54, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Janet Boyu Xu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Nadia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - David N Palmer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
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30
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Kanninen KM, Grubman A, Caragounis A, Duncan C, Parker SJ, Lidgerwood GE, Volitakis I, Ganio G, Crouch PJ, White AR. Altered biometal homeostasis is associated with CLN6 mRNA loss in mouse neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Biol Open 2013; 2:635-46. [PMID: 23789114 PMCID: PMC3683166 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20134804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, the most common fatal childhood neurodegenerative illnesses, share many features with more prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are caused by mutations in CLN genes. CLN6 encodes a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum protein with no known function. We characterized the behavioural phenotype of spontaneous mutant mice modeling CLN6 disease, and demonstrate progressive motor and visual decline and reduced lifespan in these mice, consistent with symptoms observed in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis patients. Alterations to biometal homeostasis are known to play a critical role in pathology in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and motor neuron diseases. We have previously shown accumulation of the biometals, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt, in CLN6 Merino and South Hampshire sheep at the age of symptom onset. Here we determine the physiological and disease-associated expression of CLN6, demonstrating regional CLN6 transcript loss, and concurrent accumulation of the same biometals in the CNS and the heart of presymptomatic CLN6 mice. Furthermore, increased expression of the ER/Golgi-localized cation transporter protein, Zip7, was detected in cerebellar Purkinje cells and whole brain fractions. Purkinje cells not only control motor function, an early symptomatic change in the CLN6 mice, but also display prominent neuropathological changes in mouse models and patients with different forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Whole brain fractionation analysis revealed biometal accumulation in fractions expressing markers for ER, Golgi, endosomes and lysosomes of CLN6 brains. These data are consistent with a link between CLN6 expression and biometal homeostasis in CLN6 disease, and provide further support for altered cation transporter regulation as a key factor in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010 , Australia ; Present address: AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
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