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Tanaka-Yano M, Zong L, Park B, Yanai H, Tekin-Turhan F, Blackshear PJ, Beerman I. Tristetraprolin overexpression drives hematopoietic changes in young and middle-aged mice generating dominant mitigating effects on induced inflammation in murine models. GeroScience 2024; 46:1271-1284. [PMID: 37535204 PMCID: PMC10828162 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by Zfp36 in mice, is one of the best-characterized tandem zinc-finger mRNA binding proteins involved in mRNA deadenylation and decay. TTPΔARE mice lack an AU-rich motif in the 3'-untranslated regions of TTP mRNA, leading to increased TTP mRNA stability and more TTP protein, resulting in elevated mRNA decay rates of TTP targets. We examined the effect of TTP overexpression on the hematopoietic system in both young and middle-aged mice using TTPΔARE mice and found alterations in blood cell frequencies, with loss of platelets and B220 cells and gains of eosinophils and T cells. TTPΔARE mice also have skewed primitive populations in the bone marrow, with increases in myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but decreases in granulocyte/macrophage-biased multipotent progenitors (MPP3) in both young and middle-aged mice. Changes in the primitive cells' frequencies were associated with transcriptional alterations in the TTP overexpression cells specific to age as well as cell type. Regardless of age, there was a consistent elevation of transcripts regulated by TNFα and TGFβ signaling pathways in both the stem and multipotent progenitor populations. HSCs with TTP overexpression had decreased reconstitution potential in murine transplants but generated hematopoietic environments that mitigated the inflammatory response to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) challenge, which models rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This dampening of the inflammatory response was even present when there was only a small frequency of TTP overexpressing cells present in the middle-aged mice. We provide an analysis of the early hematopoietic compartments with elevated TTP expression in both young and middle-aged mice which inhibits the reconstitution potential of the HSCs but generates a hematopoietic system that provides dominant repression of induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Tanaka-Yano
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Le Zong
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Hagai Yanai
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ferda Tekin-Turhan
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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2
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Zhang L, Kwack KH, Thiyagarajan R, Mullaney KK, Lamb NA, Bard JE, Sohn J, Seldeen KL, Arao Y, Blackshear PJ, Abrams SI, Troen BR, Kirkwood KL. Tristetraprolin regulates the skeletal phenotype and osteoclastogenic potential through monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23338. [PMID: 38038723 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301703r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP; also known as NUP475, GOS24, or TIS11), encoded by Zfp36, is an RNA-binding protein that regulates target gene expression by promoting mRNA decay and preventing translation. Although previous studies have indicated that TTP deficiency is associated with systemic inflammation and a catabolic-like skeletal phenotype, the mechanistic underpinnings remain unclear. Here, using both TTP-deficient (TTPKO) and myeloid-specific TTPKO (cTTPKO) mice, we reveal that global absence or loss of TTP in the myeloid compartment results in a reduced bone microarchitecture, whereas gain-of-function TTP knock-in (TTPKI) mice exhibit no significant loss of bone microarchitecture. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant immunosuppressive immune cell phenotype with increased monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) in TTPKO and cTTPKO mice, whereas no significant changes were observed in TTPKI mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cell populations indicated a dramatic increase in early MDSC marker genes for both cTTPKO and TTPKO bone marrow populations. Consistent with these phenotypic and transcriptomic data, in vitro osteoclastogenesis analysis of bone marrow M-MDSCs from cTTPKO and TTPKO displayed enhanced osteoclast differentiation and functional capacity. Focused transcriptomic analyses of differentiated M-MDSCs showed increased osteoclast-specific transcription factors and cell fusion gene expression. Finally, functional data showed that M-MDSCs from TTP loss-of-function mice were capable of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in a context-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings indicate that TTP plays a central role in regulating osteoclastogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including induction of M-MDSCs that appear to regulate skeletal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramkumar Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kylie K Mullaney
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Natalie A Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth L Seldeen
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yukitomo Arao
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bruce R Troen
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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3
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Lai WS, Hicks SN, Blackshear PJ. RNA-Binding Protein-Mediated mRNA Deadenylation in Mammalian Cell Extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2723:173-191. [PMID: 37824071 PMCID: PMC11025660 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3481-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the poly(A) tail, or deadenylation, is a crucial step in destabilizing mRNAs in eukaryotes. In this chapter, we describe a cell-free deadenylation assay that uses cytoplasmic cell extracts from human HEK293 cells transiently transfected with DNA encoding RNA-binding proteins (RBP), and in vitro-transcribed, radiolabeled, RNA probes. We include methods to evaluate the effects of RBPs or deadenylases on various in vitro-transcribed probes, with or without poly(A) tails. Finally, we also demonstrate the adaptability of these assays to test purified protein components in our cell-free deadenylation assay. In our experience, these methods are well suited for the initial assessment of the effects of RBPs on the deadenylation of mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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4
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Snyder BL, Huang R, Burkholder AB, Donahue DR, Mahler BW, Bortner CD, Lai WS, Blackshear PJ. Synergistic roles of tristetraprolin family members in myeloid cells in the control of inflammation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302222. [PMID: 37903626 PMCID: PMC10616675 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins can bind to and promote the decay of specific transcripts containing AU-rich motifs. ZFP36 (TTP) is best known for regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in myeloid cells; however, its mammalian paralogues ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have not been viewed as important in controlling inflammation. We knocked out these genes in myeloid cells in mice, singly and together. Single-gene myeloid-specific knockouts resulted in almost no spontaneous phenotypes. In contrast, mice with myeloid cell deficiency of all three genes developed severe inflammation, with a median survival of 8 wk. Macrophages from these mice expressed many more stabilized transcripts than cells from myeloid-specific TTP knockout mice; many of these encoded pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The failure of weight gain, arthritis, and early death could be prevented completely by two normal alleles of any of the three paralogues, and even one normal allele of Zfp36 or Zfp36l2 was enough to prevent the inflammatory phenotype. Our findings emphasize the importance of all three family members, acting in concert, in myeloid cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Snyder
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Danielle R Donahue
- NIH Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beth W Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Bortner
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- https://ror.org/01cwqze88 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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5
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Arao Y, Stumpo DJ, Hoenerhoff MJ, Tighe RM, Yu YR, Sutton D, Kashyap A, Beerman I, Blackshear PJ. Lethal eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in mice expressing a stabilized Csf2 mRNA. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23100. [PMID: 37462673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300757r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte and macrophage precursors. The mouse gene-encoding GM-CSF, Csf2, is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. An adenine-uridine-rich element (ARE) within the 3'-untranslated region of Csf2 mRNA was shown in cell transfection studies to confer instability on this transcript. To explore the physiological importance of this element in an intact animal, we generated mice with a knock-in deletion of the 75-nucleotide ARE. Mice heterozygous for this ARE deletion developed severe respiratory distress and death within about 12 weeks of age. There was dense infiltration of lung alveolar spaces by crystal-containing macrophages. Increased stability of Csf2 mRNA was confirmed in bone marrow-derived macrophages, and elevated GM-CSF levels were observed in serum and lung. These mice did not exhibit notable abnormalities in blood or bone marrow, and transplantation of bone marrow from mutant mice into lethally irradiated WT mice did not confer the pulmonary phenotype. Mice with a conditional deletion of the ARE restricted to lung type II alveolar cells exhibited an essentially identical lethal lung phenotype at the same ages as the mice with the whole-body deletion. In contrast, mice with the same conditional ARE deletion in myeloid cells, including macrophages, exhibited lesser degrees of macrophage infiltration into alveolar spaces much later in life, at approximately 9 months of age. Post-transcriptional Csf2 mRNA stability regulation in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells appears to be essential for normal physiological GM-CSF secretion and pulmonary macrophage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitomo Arao
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Deloris Sutton
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amogh Kashyap
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, National Institute on Aging/NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Snyder BL, Blackshear PJ. Clinical implications of tristetraprolin (TTP) modulation in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108198. [PMID: 35525391 PMCID: PMC9636069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mediators can contribute to the excess inflammation characteristic of many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes, and many others. The tristetraprolin (TTP) family consists of a small group of related RNA-binding proteins that bind to preferred AU-rich binding sites within the 3'-untranslated regions of specific mRNAs to promote mRNA deadenylation and decay. TTP deficient mice develop a severe systemic inflammatory syndrome consisting of arthritis, myeloid hyperplasia, dermatitis, autoimmunity and cachexia, due at least in part to the excess accumulation of proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine mRNAs and their encoded proteins. To investigate the possibility that increased TTP expression or activity might have a beneficial effect on inflammatory diseases, at least two mouse models have been developed that provide proof of principle that increasing TTP activity can promote the decay of pro-inflammatory and other relevant transcripts, and decrease the severity of mouse models of inflammatory disease. Animal studies of this type are summarized here, and we briefly review the prospects for harnessing these insights for the development of TTP-based anti-inflammatory treatments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Snyder
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America.
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7
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Cook ME, Bradstreet TR, Webber AM, Kim J, Santeford A, Harris KM, Murphy MK, Tran J, Abdalla NM, Schwarzkopf EA, Greco SC, Halabi CM, Apte RS, Blackshear PJ, Edelson BT. The ZFP36 family of RNA binding proteins regulates homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo0981. [PMID: 36269839 PMCID: PMC9832469 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins are important regulators of T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. The zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) family genes (Zfp36, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2) encode RNA binding proteins that promote the degradation of transcripts containing AU-rich elements. Numerous studies have demonstrated both individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family in immune cells, but their collective function in T cells remains unclear. Here, we found a redundant and critical role for the ZFP36 proteins in regulating T cell quiescence. T cell-specific deletion of all three ZFP36 family members in mice resulted in early lethality, immune cell activation, and multiorgan pathology characterized by inflammation of the eyes, central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of any two Zfp36 genes were protected from this spontaneous syndrome. Triply deficient T cells overproduced proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF, and GM-CSF, due to increased mRNA stability of these transcripts. Unexpectedly, T cell-specific deletion of both Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 rendered mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitits due to failed priming of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 double-deficient CD4+ T cells had poor proliferation during in vitro T helper cell polarization. Thus, the ZFP36 family redundantly regulates T cell quiescence at homeostasis, but ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 are specifically required for antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jongshin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Current address: Medical Science and Engineering Program, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang, Korea
| | - Andrea Santeford
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin M. Harris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maegan K. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nada M. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Schwarzkopf
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Current address: Wugen, Inc.; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suellen C. Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carmen M. Halabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO, USA.,Corresponding Author: Brian T. Edelson;
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8
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Kouzu H, Tatekoshi Y, Chang HC, Shapiro JS, McGee WA, De Jesus A, Ben-Sahra I, Arany Z, Leor J, Chen C, Blackshear PJ, Ardehali H. ZFP36L2 suppresses mTORc1 through a P53-dependent pathway to prevent peripartum cardiomyopathy in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e154491. [PMID: 35316214 PMCID: PMC9106345 DOI: 10.1172/jci154491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with substantial physiological changes of the heart, and disruptions in these processes can lead to peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). The molecular processes that cause physiological and pathological changes in the heart during pregnancy are not well characterized. Here, we show that mTORc1 was activated in pregnancy to facilitate cardiac enlargement that was reversed after delivery in mice. mTORc1 activation in pregnancy was negatively regulated by the mRNA-destabilizing protein ZFP36L2 through its degradation of Mdm2 mRNA and P53 stabilization, leading to increased SESN2 and REDD1 expression. This pathway impeded uncontrolled cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during pregnancy, and mice with cardiac-specific Zfp36l2 deletion developed rapid cardiac dysfunction after delivery, while prenatal treatment of these mice with rapamycin improved postpartum cardiac function. Collectively, these data provide what we believe to be a novel pathway for the regulation of mTORc1 through mRNA stabilization of a P53 ubiquitin ligase. This pathway was critical for normal cardiac growth during pregnancy, and its reduction led to PPCM-like adverse remodeling in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Jason S. Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Warren A. McGee
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Tel Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chunlei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute and
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9
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Lecoutre S, Merabtene F, El Hachem EJ, Gamblin C, Rouault C, Sokolovska N, Soula H, Lai WS, Blackshear PJ, Clément K, Dugail I. Beta-hydroxybutyrate dampens adipose progenitors' profibrotic activation through canonical Tgfβ signaling and non-canonical ZFP36-dependent mechanisms. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101512. [PMID: 35550189 PMCID: PMC9123279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Adipose tissue contains progenitor cells that contribute to beneficial tissue expansion when needed by de novo adipocyte formation (classical white or beige fat cells with thermogenic potential). However, in chronic obesity, they can exhibit an activated pro-fibrotic, extracellular matrix (ECM)-depositing phenotype that highly aggravates obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction. METHODS Given that progenitors' fibrotic activation and fat cell browning appear to be antagonistic cell fates, we have examined the anti-fibrotic potential of pro-browning agents in an obesogenic condition. RESULTS In obese mice fed a high fat diet, thermoneutral housing, which induces brown fat cell dormancy, increases the expression of ECM gene programs compared to conventionally raised animals, indicating aggravation of obesity-related tissue fibrosis at thermoneutrality. In a model of primary cultured murine adipose progenitors, we found that exposure to β-hydroxybutyrate selectively reduced Tgfβ-dependent profibrotic responses of ECM genes like Ctgf, Loxl2 and Fn1. This effect is observed in both subcutaneous and visceral-derived adipose progenitors, as well as in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. In 30 patients with obesity eligible for bariatric surgery, those with higher circulating β-hydroxybutyrate levels have lower subcutaneous adipose tissue fibrotic scores. Mechanistically, β-hydroxybutyrate limits Tgfβ-dependent collagen accumulation and reduces Smad2-3 protein expression and phosphorylation in visceral progenitors. Moreover, β-hydroxybutyrate induces the expression of the ZFP36 gene, encoding a post-transcriptional regulator that promotes the degradation of mRNA by binding to AU-rich sites within 3'UTRs. Importantly, complete ZFP36 deficiency in a mouse embryonic fibroblast line from null mice, or siRNA knock-down in primary progenitors, indicate that ZFP36 is required for β-hydroxybutyrate anti-fibrotic effects. CONCLUSION These data unravel the potential of β-hydroxybutyrate to limit adipose tissue matrix deposition, a finding that might exploited in an obesogenic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Fatiha Merabtene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Elie-Julien El Hachem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Camille Gamblin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | - Hedi Soula
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France
| | | | | | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris 75013. France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approach research group, Nutriomics, Paris F-75013. France,Corresponding author.
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10
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Cook ME, Bradstreet TR, Webber AM, Kim J, Santeford A, Schwarzkopf EA, Apte RS, Blackshear PJ, Edelson BT. The ZFP36 family of RNA-binding proteins regulate homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.166.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The zinc finger 36 (ZFP36) family of RNA-binding proteins, consisting of ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2, is known to negatively regulate mRNA stability and/or inhibit translation of many transcripts, including cytokines. While there are reports of all three family members regulating T cell cytokine production, delineating the functions of these genes is challenging due to spontaneous phenotypes upon global deletion of single genes and potential redundancy in their functions. To overcome this, we generated Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36fl/fl Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice. Only upon triple deletion, but not individual or paired deletions, do mice spontaneously develop an inflammatory disease characterized by early lethality, hypercytokinemia, and immune cell infiltration into some peripheral organs, including the central nervous system. As SNPs in human ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have been linked to susceptibility for multiple sclerosis, we tested ZFP36 family member individual and paired T cell-deficient mice in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To our surprise, Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice were markedly protected from EAE clinical disease, while no change in disease severity was seen with any deletion strains involving Zfp36. There was a severe impairment in generating antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice during EAE priming. Our findings demonstrate a novel redundancy of the ZFP family members in regulating T cell homeostasis and a shared role for ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 to promote clonal expansion. Understanding the individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family members may lead to opportunities to target them to suppress T cell-driven autoimmunity.
M.E.C. supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program (DGE-1745038) and by grant 5T32AI007163 from the NIAID. B.T.E. supported by the NIAID (R01 AI113118).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Erin Cook
- 1Pathology and Immunology, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
| | | | - Ashlee M Webber
- 2Pathology & Immunology, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
| | - Jongshin Kim
- 3Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
| | - Andrea Santeford
- 3Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
| | | | - Rajendra S Apte
- 3Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
| | | | - Brian T Edelson
- 2Pathology & Immunology, Washington Univ. in St. Louis Sch. of Med
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11
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Hicks SN, Venters RA, Blackshear PJ. Backbone and sidechain 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the free and RNA-bound tandem zinc finger domain of the tristetraprolin family member from Selaginella moellendorffii. Biomol NMR Assign 2022; 16:153-158. [PMID: 35279790 PMCID: PMC9196822 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the metabolism of a variety of mRNA targets. In mammals, these proteins modulate many physiological processes, including immune cell activation, hematopoiesis, and embryonic development. Regulation of mRNA stability by these proteins requires that the tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain binds initially and directly to target mRNAs, ultimately leading to their deadenylation and decay. Proteins of this type throughout eukarya possess a highly conserved TZF domain, suggesting that they are all capable of high-affinity RNA binding. However, the mechanism of TTP-mediated mRNA decay is largely undefined. Given the vital role that these TTP family proteins play in maintaining RNA homeostasis throughout eukaryotes, we focused here on the first, key step in this process: recognition and binding of the TZF domain to target RNA. For these studies, we chose a primitive plant, the spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii, which last shared a common ancestor with humans more than a billion years ago. Here we report the near complete backbone and side chain resonance assignments of the spikemoss TZF domain, including: (1) the assignment of the RNA-TZF domain complex, representing one of only two data sets currently available for the entire TTP family of proteins; and (2) the first NMR resonance assignments of the entire TZF domain, in the RNA-free form. This work will serve as the basis for further NMR structural investigations aimed at gaining insights into the process of RNA recognition and the mechanisms of TTP-mediated mRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Hicks
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Ronald A Venters
- Duke University NMR Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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12
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Bathula CS, Chen J, Kumar R, Blackshear PJ, Saini Y, Patial S. ZFP36L1 Regulates Fgf21 mRNA Turnover and Modulates Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in Mice. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:208-225. [PMID: 34774847 PMCID: PMC8908057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 36 like 1 (ZFP36L1) enhances the turnover of mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). The physiological and pathological functions of ZFP36L1 in liver, however, remain largely unknown. Liver-specific ZFP36L1-deficient (Zfp36l1flox/flox/Cre+; L1LKO) mice were generated to investigate the role of ZFP36L1 in liver physiology and pathology. Under normal conditions, the L1LKO mice and their littermate controls (Zfp36l1flox/flox/Cre-; L1FLX) appeared normal. When fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol, L1LKO mice were significantly protected from developing alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, injury, and inflammation compared with L1FLX mice. Most importantly, fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) mRNA was significantly increased in the livers of alcohol diet-fed L1LKO mice compared with the alcohol diet-fed L1FLX group. The Fgf21 mRNA contains three AREs in its 3'UTR, and Fgf21 3'UTR was directly regulated by ZFP36L1 in luciferase reporter assays. Steady-state levels of Fgf21 mRNA were significantly decreased by wild-type ZFP36L1, but not by a non-binding zinc finger ZFP36L1 mutant. Finally, wild-type ZFP36L1, but not the ZFP36L1 mutant, bound to the Fgf21 3'UTR ARE RNA probe. These results demonstrate that ZFP36L1 inactivation protects against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury and inflammation, possibly by stabilizing Fgf21 mRNA. These findings suggest that the modulation of ZFP36L1 may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of human alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S. Bathula
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana,Address correspondence to Sonika Patial, D.V.M., Ph.D., D.A.C.V.P., Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
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13
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Schärfen L, Zigackova D, Reimer KA, Stark MR, Slat VA, Francoeur NJ, Wells ML, Zhou L, Blackshear PJ, Neugebauer KM, Rader SD. Identification of Alternative Polyadenylation in Cyanidioschyzon merolae Through Long-Read Sequencing of mRNA. Front Genet 2022; 12:818697. [PMID: 35154260 PMCID: PMC8831791 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.818697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is widespread among metazoans and has been shown to have important impacts on mRNA stability and protein expression. Beyond a handful of well-studied organisms, however, its existence and consequences have not been well investigated. We therefore turned to the deep-branching red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae, to study the biology of polyadenylation in an organism highly diverged from humans and yeast. C. merolae is an acidothermophilic alga that lives in volcanic hot springs. It has a highly reduced genome (16.5 Mbp) and has lost all but 27 of its introns and much of its splicing machinery, suggesting that it has been under substantial pressure to simplify its RNA processing pathways. We used long-read sequencing to assess the key features of C. merolae mRNAs, including splicing status and polyadenylation cleavage site (PAS) usage. Splicing appears to be less efficient in C. merolae compared with yeast, flies, and mammalian cells. A high proportion of transcripts (63%) have at least two distinct PAS’s, and 34% appear to utilize three or more sites. The apparent polyadenylation signal UAAA is used in more than 90% of cases, in cells grown in both rich media or limiting nitrogen. Our documentation of APA for the first time in this non-model organism highlights its conservation and likely biological importance of this regulatory step in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Schärfen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dagmar Zigackova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kirsten A. Reimer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Martha R. Stark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Viktor A. Slat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Nancy J. Francoeur
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Melissa L. Wells
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Karla M. Neugebauer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen D. Rader, ; Karla M. Neugebauer,
| | - Stephen D. Rader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Stephen D. Rader, ; Karla M. Neugebauer,
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14
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Kwack KH, Zhang L, Kramer ED, Thiyagarajan R, Lamb NA, Arao Y, Bard JE, Seldeen KL, Troen BR, Blackshear PJ, Abrams SI, Kirkwood KL. Tristetraprolin limits age-related expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002163. [PMID: 36263047 PMCID: PMC9573970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in enhanced myelopoiesis, which is associated with an increased prevalence of myeloid leukemias and the production of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA binding protein that regulates immune-related cytokines and chemokines by destabilizing target mRNAs. As TTP expression is known to decrease with age in myeloid cells, we used TTP-deficient (TTPKO) mice to model aged mice to study TTP regulation in age-related myelopoiesis. Both TTPKO and myeloid-specific TTPKO (cTTPKO) mice had significant increases in both MDSC subpopulations M-MDSCs (CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G-) and PMN-MDSCs (CD11b+Ly6CloLy6G+), as well as macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+) in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes; however, no quantitative changes in MDSCs were observed in the bone marrow. In contrast, gain-of-function TTP knock-in (TTPKI) mice had no change in MDSCs compared with control mice. Within the bone marrow, total granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and monocyte progenitors (MPs), direct antecedents of M-MDSCs, were significantly increased in both cTTPKO and TTPKO mice, but granulocyte progenitors (GPs) were significantly increased only in TTPKO mice. Transcriptomic analysis of the bone marrow myeloid cell populations revealed that the expression of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which plays a key role in monocyte mobilization to inflammatory sites, was dramatically increased in both cTTPKO and TTPKO mice. Concurrently, the concentration of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a major ligand of CCR2, was high in the serum of cTTPKO and TTPKO mice, suggesting that TTP impacts the mobilization of M-MDSCs from the bone marrow to inflammatory sites during aging via regulation of the CCR2-CCL2 axis. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for TTP in regulating age-associated myelopoiesis through the expansion of specific myeloid progenitors and M-MDSCs and their recruitment to sites of injury, inflammation, or other pathologic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elliot D. Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Departments of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Ramkumar Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natalie A. Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yukitomo Arao
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, New York State Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Seldeen
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Bruce R. Troen
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare Service, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Departments of Biochemistry & Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Departments of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Keith L. Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Keith L. Kirkwood,
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15
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Bai W, Wells ML, Lai WS, Hicks SN, Burkholder AB, Perera L, Kimmel AR, Blackshear PJ. A post-transcriptional regulon controlled by TtpA, the single tristetraprolin family member expressed in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11920-11937. [PMID: 34718768 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional processes mediated by mRNA binding proteins represent important control points in gene expression. In eukaryotes, mRNAs containing specific AU-rich motifs are regulated by binding of tristetraprolin (TTP) family tandem zinc finger proteins, which promote mRNA deadenylation and decay, partly through interaction of a conserved C-terminal CNOT1 binding (CNB) domain with CCR4-NOT protein complexes. The social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum shared a common ancestor with humans more than a billion years ago, and expresses only one TTP family protein, TtpA, in contrast to three members expressed in humans. Evaluation of ttpA null-mutants identified six transcripts that were consistently upregulated compared to WT during growth and early development. The 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of all six 'TtpA-target' mRNAs contained multiple TTP binding motifs (UUAUUUAUU), and one 3'-UTR conferred TtpA post-transcriptional stability regulation to a heterologous mRNA that was abrogated by mutations in the core TTP-binding motifs. All six target transcripts were upregulated to similar extents in a C-terminal truncation mutant, in contrast to less severe effects of analogous mutants in mice. All six target transcripts encoded probable membrane proteins. In Dictyostelium, TtpA may control an 'RNA regulon', where a single RNA binding protein, TtpA, post-transcriptionally co-regulates expression of several functionally related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Bai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melissa L Wells
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,The Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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16
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Albano F, Tucci V, Blackshear PJ, Reale C, Roberto L, Russo F, Marotta P, Porreca I, Colella M, Mallardo M, de Felice M, Ambrosino C. ZFP36L2 Role in Thyroid Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9379. [PMID: 34502288 PMCID: PMC8431063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone levels are usually genetically determined. Thyrocytes produce a unique set of enzymes that are dedicated to thyroid hormone synthesis. While thyroid transcriptional regulation is well-characterized, post-transcriptional mechanisms have been less investigated. Here, we describe the involvement of ZFP36L2, a protein that stimulates degradation of target mRNAs, in thyroid development and function, by in vivo and in vitro gene targeting in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Zfp36l2-/- females were hypothyroid, with reduced levels of circulating free Thyroxine (cfT4) and Triiodothyronine (cfT3). Their hypothyroidism was due to dyshormonogenesis, already evident one week after weaning, while thyroid development appeared normal. We observed decreases in several thyroid-specific transcripts and proteins, such as Nis and its transcriptional regulators (Pax8 and Nkx2.1), and increased apoptosis in Zfp36l2-/- thyroids. Nis, Pax8, and Nkx2.1 mRNAs were also reduced in Zfp36l2 knock-out thyrocytes in vitro (L2KO), in which we confirmed the increased apoptosis. Finally, in L2KO cells, we showed an altered response to TSH stimulation regarding both thyroid-specific gene expression and cell proliferation and survival. This result was supported by increases in P21/WAF1 and p-P38MAPK levels. Mechanistically, we confirmed Notch1 as a target of ZFP36L2 in the thyroid since its levels were increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In both models, the levels of Id4 mRNA, a potential inhibitor of Pax8 activity, were increased. Overall, the data indicate that the regulation of mRNA stability by ZFP36L2 is a mechanism that controls the function and survival of thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Valeria Tucci
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Luca Roberto
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Porreca
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Colella
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario de Felice
- IEOS-CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (V.T.); (C.R.); (L.R.); (F.R.); (I.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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17
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Busada JT, Khadka S, Peterson KN, Druffner SR, Stumpo DJ, Zhou L, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA, Blackshear PJ. Tristetraprolin Prevents Gastric Metaplasia in Mice by Suppressing Pathogenic Inflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1831-1845. [PMID: 34358715 PMCID: PMC8554534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrant immune activation is associated with numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and contributes to cancer development and progression. Within the stomach, inflammation drives a well-established sequence from gastritis to metaplasia, eventually resulting in adenocarcinoma. Unfortunately, the processes that regulate gastric inflammation and prevent carcinogenesis remain unknown. Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA-binding protein that promotes the turnover of numerous proinflammatory and oncogenic messenger RNAs. Here, we assess the role of TTP in regulating gastric inflammation and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) development. METHODS We used a TTP-overexpressing model, the TTPΔadenylate-uridylate rich element mouse, to examine whether TTP can protect the stomach from adrenalectomy (ADX)-induced gastric inflammation and SPEM. RESULTS We found that TTPΔadenylate-uridylate rich element mice were completely protected from ADX-induced gastric inflammation and SPEM. RNA sequencing 5 days after ADX showed that TTP overexpression suppressed the expression of genes associated with the innate immune response. Importantly, TTP overexpression did not protect from high-dose-tamoxifen-induced SPEM development, suggesting that protection in the ADX model is achieved primarily by suppressing inflammation. Finally, we show that protection from gastric inflammation was only partially due to the suppression of Tnf, a well-known TTP target. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that TTP exerts broad anti-inflammatory effects in the stomach and suggest that therapies that increase TTP expression may be effective treatments of proneoplastic gastric inflammation. Transcript profiling: GSE164349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Busada
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jonathan T. Busada, PhD, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9177, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506.
| | - Stuti Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kylie N. Peterson
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sara R. Druffner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Deborah J. Stumpo
- Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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18
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Cook ME, Bradstreet TR, Webber A, Kim J, Santeford A, Schwarzkopf EA, Stumpo DJ, Apte RS, Blackshear PJ, Edelson BT. Zfp36 family members redundantly protect against T cell-mediated autoinflammation and premature mortality. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.61.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytokine production must be tightly regulated in order to prevent auto-inflammatory diseases. The zinc finger 36 (Zfp36) family of RNA-binding proteins, including Zfp36, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2, are known to negatively regulate mRNA stability or translation of many transcripts, including cytokines. Polymorphisms in ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have been identified in GWAS studies of a variety of human autoimmune diseases, necessitating understanding their functions. While there are reports of all three family members regulating T cell cytokine production, delineating the exact functions of these genes is challenging due to spontaneous phenotypes upon global deletion of single genes and potential redundancy in their functions. To overcome this, we generated Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36fl/fl Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice. Only upon triple deletion, but not individual or paired deletions, do mice spontaneously develop an inflammatory disease characterized by early mortality and immune cell infiltration into various organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. These mice have drastically elevated levels of many cytokines in their sera. RNA-sequencing reveals that deleted T cells are enriched in gene pathways involving inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate a novel redundancy of the Zfp36 family members in regulating T cell homeostasis and suppressing cytokine-driven inflammation. We are investigating the mechanisms and mRNA targets that control this phenotype. Understanding the individual and redundant functions of the Zfp36 family members may lead to opportunities to target them for suppression of T cell-driven autoimmunity or for activating anti-tumor and anti-pathogen T cell responses.
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19
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Assabban A, Dubois-Vedrenne I, Van Maele L, Salcedo R, Snyder BL, Zhou L, Azouz A, de Toeuf B, Lapouge G, La C, Melchior M, Nguyen M, Thomas S, Wu SF, Hu W, Kruys V, Blanpain C, Trinchieri G, Gueydan C, Blackshear PJ, Goriely S. Tristetraprolin expression by keratinocytes protects against skin carcinogenesis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140669. [PMID: 33497366 PMCID: PMC8021119 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused primarily by genomic alterations resulting in deregulation of gene regulatory circuits in key growth, apoptosis, or DNA repair pathways. Multiple genes associated with the initiation and development of tumors are also regulated at the level of mRNA decay, through the recruitment of RNA-binding proteins to AU-rich elements (AREs) located in their 3'-untranslated regions. One of these ARE-binding proteins, tristetraprolin (TTP; encoded by Zfp36), is consistently dysregulated in many human malignancies. Herein, using regulated overexpression or conditional ablation in the context of cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis, we show that TTP represents a critical regulator of skin tumorigenesis. We provide evidence that TTP controlled both tumor-associated inflammation and key oncogenic pathways in neoplastic epidermal cells. We identify Areg as a direct target of TTP in keratinocytes and show that EGFR signaling potentially contributed to exacerbated tumor formation. Finally, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis indicated that ZFP36 was downregulated in human malignant keratinocytes. We conclude that TTP expression by epidermal cells played a major role in the control of skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assiya Assabban
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Dubois-Vedrenne
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bérengère de Toeuf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, WELBIO, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline La
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maxime Melchior
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Nguyen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Si Fan Wu
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, WELBIO, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory and
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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20
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Xu B, Tang J, Lyu C, Wandu WS, Stumpo DJ, Mattapallil MJ, Horai R, Gery I, Blackshear PJ, Caspi RR. Regulated Tristetraprolin Overexpression Dampens the Development and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:583510. [PMID: 33569048 PMCID: PMC7868398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis, a common cause of blindness in man, is often mediated by autoimmunity, a process in which cytokines play major roles. The biosynthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are regulated in part by tristetraprolin (TTP), an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that acts by binding directly to specific sequence motifs in the 3'-untranslated regions of target mRNAs, promoting their turnover, and inhibiting synthesis of their encoded proteins. We recently developed a TTP-overexpressing mouse (TTPΔARE) by deleting an AU-rich element (ARE) instability motif from the TTP mRNA, resulting in increased accumulation of TTP mRNA and protein throughout the animal. Here, we show that homozygous TTPΔARE mice are resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), an established model for human autoimmune (noninfectious) uveitis. Lymphocytes from TTPΔARE mice produced lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-6, and TNFα than wild type (WT) mice. TTPΔARE mice also produced lower titers of antibodies against the uveitogenic protein. In contrast, TTPΔARE mice produced higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and had higher frequencies of regulatory T-cells, which, moreover, displayed a moderately higher per-cell regulatory ability. Heterozygous mice developed EAU and associated immunological responses at levels intermediate between homozygous TTPΔARE mice and WT controls. TTPΔARE mice were able, however, to develop EAU following adoptive transfer of activated WT T-cells specific to IRBP peptide 651-670, and naïve T-cells from TTPΔARE mice could be activated by antibodies to CD3/CD28. Importantly, TTPΔARE antigen presenting cells were significantly less efficient compared to WT in priming naïve T cells, suggesting that this feature plays a major role in the dampened immune responses of the TTPΔARE mice. Our observations demonstrate that elevated systemic levels of TTP can inhibit the pathogenic processes involved in EAU, and suggest the possible use of TTP-based treatments in humans with uveitis and other autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jihong Tang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cancan Lyu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wambui S Wandu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Igal Gery
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Dolicka D, Sobolewski C, Gjorgjieva M, Correia de Sousa M, Berthou F, De Vito C, Colin DJ, Bejuy O, Fournier M, Maeder C, Blackshear PJ, Rubbia-Brandt L, Foti M. Tristetraprolin Promotes Hepatic Inflammation and Tumor Initiation but Restrains Cancer Progression to Malignancy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:597-621. [PMID: 32987153 PMCID: PMC7806869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a key post-transcriptional regulator of inflammatory and oncogenic transcripts. Accordingly, TTP was reported to act as a tumor suppressor in specific cancers. Herein, we investigated how TTP contributes to the development of liver inflammation and fibrosis, which are key drivers of hepatocarcinogenesis, as well as to the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS TTP expression was investigated in mouse/human models of hepatic metabolic diseases and cancer. The role of TTP in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC development was further examined through in vivo/vitro approaches using liver-specific TTP knockout mice and a panel of hepatic cancer cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that TTP loss in vivo strongly restrains development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation/fibrosis in mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet, as well as HCC development induced by the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine. In contrast, low TTP expression fostered migration and invasion capacities of in vitro transformed hepatic cancer cells likely by unleashing expression of key oncogenes previously associated with these cancerous features. Consistent with these data, TTP was significantly down-regulated in high-grade human HCC, a feature further correlating with poor clinical prognosis. Finally, we uncover hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha and early growth response 1, two key transcription factors lost with hepatocyte dedifferentiation, as key regulators of TTP expression. CONCLUSIONS Although TTP importantly contributes to hepatic inflammation and cancer initiation, its loss with hepatocyte dedifferentiation fosters cancer cells migration and invasion. Loss of TTP may represent a clinically relevant biomarker of high-grade HCC associated with poor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Datasets as Topic
- Diethylnitrosamine/administration & dosage
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Hepatocytes
- Humans
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemistry
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prognosis
- RNA-Seq
- Survival Analysis
- Tristetraprolin/genetics
- Tristetraprolin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Berthou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Vito
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier J Colin
- Centre for Biomedical Imaging and Preclinical Imaging Platform, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Bejuy
- Centre for Biomedical Imaging and Preclinical Imaging Platform, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Choudhary I, Vo T, Bathula CS, Lamichhane R, Lewis BW, Looper J, Jeyaseelan S, Blackshear PJ, Saini Y, Patial S. Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Non-hematopoietic Cells Protects Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2164. [PMID: 32983182 PMCID: PMC7493631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a mRNA binding protein that binds to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements within the 3′ untranslated regions of certain transcripts, such as tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) mRNA, and increases their rate of decay. Modulation of TTP expression is implicated in inflammation; however, its role in acute lung inflammation remains unknown. Accordingly, we tested the role of TTP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. LPS-challenged TTP-knockout (TTPKO) mice, as well as myeloid cell-specific TTP-deficient (TTPmyeKO) mice, exhibited significant increases in lung injury, although these responses were more robust in the TTPKO. Mice with systemic overexpression of TTP (TTPΔARE) were protected from ALI, as indicated by significantly reduced neutrophilic infiltration, reduced levels of neutrophil chemoattractants, and histological parameters of ALI. Interestingly, while irradiated wild-type (WT) mice reconstituted with TTPKO hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) showed exaggerated ALI, their reconstitution with the TTPΔARE HPCs mitigated ALI. The reconstitution of irradiated TTPΔARE mice with HPCs from either WT or TTPΔARE donors conferred significant protection against ALI. In contrast, irradiated TTPΔARE mice reconstituted with TTPKO HPCs had exaggerated ALI, but the response was milder as compared to WT recipients that received TTPKO HPCs. Finally, the reconstitution of irradiated TTPKO recipient mice with TTPΔARE HPCs did not confer any protection to the TTPKO mice. These data together suggest that non-HPCs-specific overexpression of TTP within the lungs protects against ALI via downregulation of neutrophil chemoattractants and reduction in neutrophilic infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Choudhary
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Thao Vo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Chandra S Bathula
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Richa Lamichhane
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Brandon W Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jayme Looper
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yogesh Saini
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sonika Patial
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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23
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Peng H, Ning H, Wang Q, Lai J, Wei L, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Fu M, Hou R, Hoft DF, Liu J. Tristetraprolin Regulates T H17 Cell Function and Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1952. [PMID: 32922402 PMCID: PMC7457025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells have been extensively investigated in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The precise molecular mechanisms for TH17 cell regulation, however, remain elusive, especially regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA-binding protein important for degradation of the mRNAs encoding several proinflammatory cytokines. With newly generated T cell-specific TTP conditional knockout mice (CD4CreTTPf/f), we found that aging CD4CreTTPf/f mice displayed an increase of IL-17A in serum and spontaneously developed chronic skin inflammation along with increased effector TH17 cells in the affected skin. TTP inhibited TH17 cell development and function by promoting IL-17A mRNA degradation. In a DSS-induced colitis model, CD4CreTTPf/f mice displayed severe colitis and had more TH17 cells and serum IL-17A compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-17A reduced the severity of colitis. Our results reveal a new mechanism for regulating TH17 function and TH17-mediated inflammation post-transcriptionally by TTP, suggests that TTP might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of TH17-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Huan Ning
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qinghong Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, United States
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, United States
| | - Mingui Fu
- Shock/Trauma Research Center and Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Rong Hou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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24
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Saaoud F, Wang J, Iwanowycz S, Wang Y, Altomare D, Shao Y, Liu J, Blackshear PJ, Lessner SM, Murphy EA, Wang H, Yang X, Fan D. Bone marrow deficiency of mRNA decaying protein Tristetraprolin increases inflammation and mitochondrial ROS but reduces hepatic lipoprotein production in LDLR knockout mice. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101609. [PMID: 32591281 PMCID: PMC7767740 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA binding and decaying protein, plays a significant role in controlling inflammation by decaying mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha. We aimed to test a hypothesis that TTP in bone marrow (BM) cells regulates atherogenesis by modulating inflammation and lipid metabolism through the modulation of oxidative stress pathways by TTP target genes. In a BM transplantation study, lethally irradiated atherogenic LDLR-/- mice were reconstituted with BM cells from either wild type (TTP+/+) or TTP knockout (TTP-/-) mice, and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. We made the following observations: (1) TTP-/- BM recipients display a significantly higher systemic and multi-organ inflammation than TTP+/+ BM recipients; (2) BM TTP deficiency modulates hepatic expression of genes, detected by microarray, involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress; (3) TTP-/- BM derived macrophages increase production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS); (4) BM-TTP-/- mice display a significant reduction in serum VLDL/LDL levels, and attenuated hepatic steatosis compared to controls; and (5) Reduction of serum VLDL/LDL levels offsets the increased inflammation, resulting in no changes in atherosclerosis. These findings provide a novel mechanistic insight into the roles of TTP-mediated mRNA decay in bone marrow-derived cells in regulating systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver VLDL/LDL biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA; Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 14190, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 14190, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 14190, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 14190, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 14190, USA.
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
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Cook ME, Bradstreet TR, Santeford A, Kim J, Webber A, Schwarzkopf EA, Jarjour NN, Lin CC, Stumpo DJ, Apte RS, Blackshear PJ, Edelson BT. Zfp36 family members redundantly protect against T cell-mediated autoinflammation and premature mortality. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.143.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytokine production must be tightly regulated in order to prevent auto-inflammatory diseases. The zinc finger 36 (Zfp36) family of RNA-binding proteins, including Zfp36, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2, are known to negatively regulate mRNA stability or translation of many transcripts, including cytokines. Polymorphisms in ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have been identified in GWAS studies of a variety of human autoimmune diseases, necessitating understanding the functions of these genes. While there are reports of all three family members controlling cytokine production from T cells, delineating the exact functions of these genes has been challenging due to spontaneous phenotypes or mortality upon global deletion of single genes and potential redundancy in their functions. To overcome this, we generated Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36fl/fl Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice. Only upon triple deletion, but not individual or various paired deletions, do mice spontaneously develop an inflammatory disease characterized by early mortality and immune cell infiltration into various organs, including the central nervous system, kidneys, and liver. These mice have drastically elevated levels of many cytokines in their sera. Our findings demonstrate a novel redundancy of the Zfp36 family members in regulating T cell homeostasis and suppressing cytokine-driven inflammation. We are currently investigating the specific mechanisms and mRNA targets that contribute to this phenotype and whether disease is primarily driven by CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Understanding the individual and redundant functions of the Zfp36 family members may lead to opportunities to target them for suppression of T cell-driven autoimmunity or for activating anti-tumor or anti-pathogen T cell responses.
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Ariana A, Alturki NA, Hajjar S, Stumpo DJ, Tiedje C, Alnemri ES, Gaestel M, Blackshear PJ, Sad S. Tristetraprolin regulates necroptosis during tonic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4661-4672. [PMID: 32094226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The necrosome is a protein complex required for signaling in cells that results in necroptosis, which is also dependent on tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) signaling. TNFα promotes necroptosis, and its expression is facilitated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) but is inhibited by the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP, encoded by the Zfp36 gene). We have stimulated murine macrophages from WT, MyD88 -/-, Trif -/-, MyD88 -/- Trif -/-, MK2 -/-, and Zfp36 -/- mice with graded doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various inhibitors to evaluate the role of various genes in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced necroptosis. Necrosome signaling, cytokine production, and cell death were evaluated by immunoblotting, ELISA, and cell death assays, respectively. We observed that during TLR4 signaling, necrosome activation is mediated through the adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF, and this is inhibited by MK2. In the absence of MK2-mediated necrosome activation, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNFα expression was drastically reduced, but MK2-deficient cells became highly sensitive to necroptosis even at low TNFα levels. In contrast, during tonic TLR4 signaling, WT cells did not undergo necroptosis, even when MK2 was disabled. Of note, necroptosis occurred only in the absence of TTP and was mediated by the expression of TNFα and activation of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results reveal that TTP plays an important role in inhibiting TNFα/JNK-induced necrosome signaling and resultant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Stephanie Hajjar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Christopher Tiedje
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, The Maersk Tower, 7.3, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.,Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany, 30623
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany, 30623
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada .,University of Ottawa, Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Lai WS, Stumpo DJ, Wells ML, Gruzdev A, Hicks SN, Nicholson CO, Yang Z, Faccio R, Webster MW, Passmore LA, Blackshear PJ. Importance of the Conserved Carboxyl-Terminal CNOT1 Binding Domain to Tristetraprolin Activity In Vivo. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00029-19. [PMID: 31036567 PMCID: PMC6580703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00029-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an anti-inflammatory protein that modulates the stability of certain cytokine/chemokine mRNAs. After initial high-affinity binding to AU-rich elements in 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs, mediated through its tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, TTP promotes the deadenylation and ultimate decay of target transcripts. These transcripts and their encoded proteins accumulate abnormally in TTP knockout (KO) mice, leading to a severe inflammatory syndrome. To assess the importance of the highly conserved C-terminal CNOT1 binding domain (CNBD) of TTP to the TTP deficiency phenotype in mice, we created a mouse model in which TTP lacked its CNBD. CNBD deletion mice exhibited a less severe phenotype than the complete TTP KO mice. In macrophages, the stabilization of target transcripts seen in KO mice was partially normalized in the CNBD deletion mice. In cell-free experiments, recombinant TTP lacking its CNBD could still activate target mRNA deadenylation by purified recombinant Schizosaccharomyces pombe CCR4/NOT complexes, although to a lesser extent than full-length TTP. Thus, TTP lacking its CNBD can still act to promote target mRNA instability in vitro and in vivo These data have implications for TTP family members throughout the eukarya, since species from all four kingdoms contain proteins with linked TZF and CNOT1 binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie N Hicks
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cindo O Nicholson
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Lori A Passmore
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Lai WS, Wells ML, Perera L, Blackshear PJ. The tandem zinc finger RNA binding domain of members of the tristetraprolin protein family. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2019; 10:e1531. [PMID: 30864256 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype member of the protein family of the same name, was originally discovered as the product of a rapidly inducible gene in mouse cells. Development of a knockout (KO) mouse established that absence of the protein led to a severe inflammatory syndrome, due in part to elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TTP was found to bind directly and with high affinity to specific AU-rich sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of the TNF mRNA. This initial binding led to promotion of TNF mRNA decay and inhibition of its translation. Many additional TTP target mRNAs have since been identified, some of which are cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory response. There are three other proteins in the mouse with similar activities and domain structures, but whose KO phenotypes are remarkably different. Moreover, proteins with similar domain structures and activities have been found throughout eukaryotes, demonstrating that this protein family arose from an ancient ancestor. The defining characteristic of this protein family is the tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain, a 64 amino acid sequence with many conserved residues that is responsible for the direct RNA binding. We discuss here many aspects of this protein domain that have been elucidated since the original discovery of TTP, including its sequence conservation throughout eukarya; its apparent continued evolution in some lineages; its functional dependence on many key conserved residues; its "interchangeability" among evolutionarily distant species; and the evidence that RNA binding is required for the physiological functions of the proteins. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Yang P, Xu C, Reece EA, Chen X, Zhong J, Zhan M, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Yang P. Tip60- and sirtuin 2-regulated MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation are required for diabetic embryopathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:282. [PMID: 30655546 PMCID: PMC6336777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of neural tube closure results in severe birth defects and can be induced by high glucose levels resulting from maternal diabetes. MARCKS is required for neural tube closure, but the regulation and of its biological activity and function have remained elusive. Here, we show that high maternal glucose induced MARCKS acetylation at lysine 165 by the acetyltransferase Tip60, which is a prerequisite for its phosphorylation, whereas Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylated MARCKS. Phosphorylated MARCKS dissociates from organelles, leading to mitochondrial abnormalities and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phosphorylation dead MARCKS (PD-MARCKS) reversed maternal diabetes-induced cellular organelle stress, apoptosis and delayed neurogenesis in the neuroepithelium and ameliorated neural tube defects. Restoring SIRT2 expression in the developing neuroepithelium exerted identical effects as those of PD-MARCKS. Our studies reveal a new regulatory mechanism for MARCKS acetylation and phosphorylation that disrupts neurulation under diabetic conditions by diminishing the cellular organelle protective effect of MARCKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA.
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30
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Lai WS, Arvola RM, Goldstrohm AC, Blackshear PJ. Inhibiting transcription in cultured metazoan cells with actinomycin D to monitor mRNA turnover. Methods 2019; 155:77-87. [PMID: 30625384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay of transcribed mRNA is a key determinant of steady state mRNA levels in cells. Global analysis of mRNA decay in cultured cells has revealed amazing heterogeneity in rates of decay under normal growth conditions, with calculated half-lives ranging from several minutes to many days. The factors that are responsible for this wide range of decay rates are largely unknown, although our knowledge of trans-acting RNA binding proteins and non-coding RNAs that can control decay rates is increasing. Many methods have been used to try to determine mRNA decay rates under various experimental conditions in cultured cells, and transcription inhibitors like actinomycin D have probably the longest history of any technique for this purpose. Despite this long history of use, the actinomycin D method has been criticized as prone to artifacts, and as ineffective for some promoters. With appropriate guidelines and controls, however, it can be a versatile, effective technique for measuring endogenous mRNA decay in cultured mammalian and insect cells, as well as the decay of exogenously-expressed transcripts. It can be used readily on a genome-wide level, and is remarkably cost-effective. In this short review, we will discuss our utilization of this approach in these cells; we hope that these methods will allow more investigators to apply this useful technique to study mRNA decay under the appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi S Lai
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rene M Arvola
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aaron C Goldstrohm
- The Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; The Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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31
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Caracciolo V, Young J, Gonzales D, Ni Y, Flowers SJ, Summer R, Waldman SA, Kim JK, Jung DY, Noh HL, Kim T, Blackshear PJ, O'Connell D, Bauer RC, Kallen CB. Myeloid-specific deletion of Zfp36 protects against insulin resistance and fatty liver in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E676-E693. [PMID: 29509432 PMCID: PMC6230714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00224.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue inflammation that contributes to insulin resistance. Zinc finger protein 36 (Zfp36) is an mRNA-binding protein that reduces inflammation by binding to cytokine transcripts and promoting their degradation. We hypothesized that myeloid-specific deficiency of Zfp36 would lead to increased adipose tissue inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. As expected, wild-type (Control) mice became obese and diabetic on a high-fat diet, and obese mice with myeloid-specific loss of Zfp36 [knockout (KO)] demonstrated increased adipose tissue and liver cytokine mRNA expression compared with Control mice. Unexpectedly, in glucose tolerance testing and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, myeloid Zfp36 KO mice demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity compared with Control mice. Obese KO and Control mice had similar macrophage infiltration of the adipose depots and similar peripheral cytokine levels, but lean and obese KO mice demonstrated increased Kupffer cell (KC; the hepatic macrophage)-expressed Mac2 compared with lean Control mice. Insulin resistance in obese Control mice was associated with enhanced Zfp36 expression in KCs. Compared with Control mice, KO mice demonstrated increased hepatic mRNA expression of a multitude of classical (M1) inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and this M1-inflammatory hepatic milieu was associated with enhanced nuclear localization of IKKβ and the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Our data confirm the important role of innate immune cells in regulating hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, challenge-prevailing models in which M1 inflammatory responses predict insulin resistance, and indicate that myeloid-expressed Zfp36 modulates the response to insulin in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Caracciolo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeanette Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Gonzales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingchun Ni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Flowers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Dae Young Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Taekyoon Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Danielle O'Connell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Caleb B Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Angiolilli C, Kabala PA, Grabiec AM, Rossato M, Lai WS, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Steinkühler C, Blackshear PJ, Reedquist KA, Baeten DL, Radstake TRDJ. Control of cytokine mRNA degradation by the histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes: beyond transcriptional regulation. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:148. [PMID: 30029685 PMCID: PMC6053802 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) suppress cytokine production in immune and stromal cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated the effects of the HDACi givinostat (ITF2357) on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory markers in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). METHODS The effects of ITF2357 on the expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) stability of IL-1β-inducible genes in FLS were analyzed using array-based qPCR and Luminex. The expression of primary and mature cytokine transcripts, the mRNA levels of tristetraprolin (TTP, or ZFP36) and other AU-rich element binding proteins (ARE-BP) and the cytokine profile of fibroblasts derived from ZFP36+/+ and ZFP36-/- mice was measured by qPCR. ARE-BP silencing was performed by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown, and TTP post-translational modifications were analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS ITF2357 reduced the expression of 85% of the analyzed IL-1β-inducible transcripts, including cytokines (IL6, IL8), chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL10), matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP1, ADAMTS1) and other inflammatory mediators. Analyses of mRNA stability demonstrated that ITF2357 accelerates IL6, IL8, PTGS2 and CXCL2 mRNA degradation, a phenomenon associated with the enhanced transcription of TTP, but not other ARE-BP, and the altered post-translational status of TTP protein. TTP knockdown potentiated cytokine production in RA FLS and murine fibroblasts, which in the latter case was insensitive to inhibition by ITF2357 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies that regulation of cytokine mRNA stability is a predominant mechanism underlying ITF2357 anti-inflammatory properties, occurring via regulation of TTP. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of ITF2357 in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Angiolilli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pawel A Kabala
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Functional Genomics Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Paolo Mascagni
- Italfarmaco Research and Development, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sawicki KT, Chang HC, Shapiro JS, Bayeva M, De Jesus A, Finck BN, Wertheim JA, Blackshear PJ, Ardehali H. Hepatic tristetraprolin promotes insulin resistance through RNA destabilization of FGF21. JCI Insight 2018; 3:95948. [PMID: 29997282 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of posttranscriptional metabolic gene regulatory programs in diabetes is not well understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is reduced in the livers of diabetic mice and humans and is transcriptionally induced in response to insulin treatment in murine livers in vitro and in vivo. Liver-specific Ttp-KO (lsTtp-KO) mice challenged with high-fat diet (HFD) have improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity compared with littermate controls. Analysis of secreted hepatic factors demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is posttranscriptionally repressed by TTP. Consistent with increased FGF21, lsTtp-KO mice fed HFD have increased brown fat activation, peripheral tissue glucose uptake, and adiponectin production compared with littermate controls. Downregulation of hepatic Fgf21 via an adeno-associated virus-driven shRNA in mice fed HFD reverses the insulin-sensitizing effects of hepatic Ttp deletion. Thus, hepatic TTP posttranscriptionally regulates systemic insulin sensitivity in diabetes through liver-derived FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad T Sawicki
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chang
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason S Shapiro
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marina Bayeva
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam De Jesus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hossein Ardehali
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute (FCVRI), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Bollmann F, Qiu L, Snyder BL, Shockley KR, Inglese J, Blackshear PJ. A Quantitative High‐Throughput Screen to Identify Small Molecules for the Induction of Tristetraprolin Expression. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.826.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Brudvig JJ, Cain JT, Schmidt-Grimminger GG, Stumpo DJ, Roux KJ, Blackshear PJ, Weimer JM. MARCKS Is Necessary for Netrin-DCC Signaling and Corpus Callosum Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8388-8402. [PMID: 29546593 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Axons of the corpus callosum (CC), the white matter tract that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, receive instruction from a number of chemoattractant and chemorepulsant cues during their initial navigation towards and across the midline. While it has long been known that the CC is malformed in the absence of Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), evidence for a direct role of MARCKS in axon navigation has been lacking. Here, we show that MARCKS is necessary for Netrin-1 (NTN1) signaling through the DCC receptor, which is critical for axon guidance decisions. Marcks null (Marcks-/-) neurons fail to respond to exogenous NTN1 and are deficient in markers of DCC activation. Without MARCKS, the subcellular distributions of two critical mediators of NTN1-DCC signaling, the tyrosine kinases PTK2 and SRC, are disrupted. Together, this work establishes a novel role for MARCKS in axon dynamics and highlights the necessity of MARCKS as an organizer of DCC signaling at the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Brudvig
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA
| | - J T Cain
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | | | - D J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - K J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA
| | - P J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - J M Weimer
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, 57105, USA.
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36
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Steinkamp HM, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Chavez MB, Aartun JD, Zhang L, Jensen T, Shojaee Bakhtiari A, Helke KL, Stumpo DJ, Alekseyenko AV, Novince CM, Blackshear PJ, Kirkwood KL. Tristetraprolin Is Required for Alveolar Bone Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2018. [PMID: 29514008 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518756889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an RNA-binding protein that targets numerous immunomodulatory mRNA transcripts for degradation. Many TTP targets are key players in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss, including tumor necrosis factor-α. To better understand the extent that host immune factors play during periodontal bone loss, we assessed alveolar bone levels, inflammation and osteoclast activity in periodontal tissues, and immune response in draining cervical lymph nodes in TTP-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice in an aging study. WT and TTP-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice were used for all studies under specific pathogen-free conditions. Data were collected on mice aged 3, 6, and 9 mo. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed on maxillae where 3-dimensional images were generated and bone loss was assessed. Decalcified sections of specimens were scored for inflammation and stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) to visualize osteoclasts. Immunophenotyping was performed on single-cell suspensions isolated from primary and peripheral lymphoid tissues using flow cytometry. Results presented indicate that TTP KO mice had significantly more alveolar bone loss over time compared with WT controls. Bone loss was associated with significant increases in inflammatory cell infiltration and an increased percentage of alveolar bone surfaces apposed with TRAP+ cells. Furthermore, it was found that the draining cervical lymph nodes were significantly enlarged in TTP-deficient animals and contained a distinct pathological immune profile compared with WT controls. Finally, the oral microbiome in the TTP KO mice was significantly different with age from WT cohoused mice. The severe bone loss, inflammation, and increased osteoclast activity observed in these mice support the concept that TTP plays a critical role in the maintenance of alveolar bone homeostasis in the presence of oral commensal flora. This study suggests that TTP is required to inhibit excessive inflammatory host responses that contribute to periodontal bone loss, even in the absence of specific periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Steinkamp
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J D Hathaway-Schrader
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M B Chavez
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J D Aartun
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - L Zhang
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,2 Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - T Jensen
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A Shojaee Bakhtiari
- 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K L Helke
- 4 Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - D J Stumpo
- 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A V Alekseyenko
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - C M Novince
- 1 Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - P J Blackshear
- 5 Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Departments of Biochemistry & Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K L Kirkwood
- 2 Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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37
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Dumdie JN, Cho K, Ramaiah M, Skarbrevik D, Mora-Castilla S, Stumpo DJ, Lykke-Andersen J, Laurent LC, Blackshear PJ, Wilkinson MF, Cook-Andersen H. Chromatin Modification and Global Transcriptional Silencing in the Oocyte Mediated by the mRNA Decay Activator ZFP36L2. Dev Cell 2018; 44:392-402.e7. [PMID: 29408237 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Global transcriptional silencing is a highly conserved mechanism central to the oocyte-to-embryo transition. We report the unexpected discovery that global transcriptional silencing in oocytes depends on an mRNA decay activator. Oocyte-specific loss of ZFP36L2 an RNA-binding protein that promotes AU-rich element-dependent mRNA decay prevents global transcriptional silencing and causes oocyte maturation and fertilization defects, as well as complete female infertility in the mouse. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that ZFP36L2 downregulates mRNAs encoding transcription and chromatin modification regulators, including a large group of mRNAs for histone demethylases targeting H3K4 and H3K9, which we show are bound and degraded by ZFP36L2. Oocytes lacking Zfp36l2 fail to accumulate histone methylation at H3K4 and H3K9, marks associated with the transcriptionally silent, developmentally competent oocyte state. Our results uncover a ZFP36L2-dependent mRNA decay mechanism that acts as a developmental switch during oocyte growth, triggering wide-spread shifts in chromatin modification and global transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Dumdie
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kyucheol Cho
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Madhuvanthi Ramaiah
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Skarbrevik
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sergio Mora-Castilla
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jens Lykke-Andersen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Miles F Wilkinson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heidi Cook-Andersen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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38
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Goddio MV, Gattelli A, Tocci JM, Cuervo LP, Stedile M, Stumpo DJ, Hynes NE, Blackshear PJ, Meiss RP, Kordon EC. Expression of the mRNA stability regulator Tristetraprolin is required for lactation maintenance in the mouse mammary gland. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8278-8289. [PMID: 29492194 PMCID: PMC5823555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA-binding protein that negatively controls levels of inflammatory factors, is highly expressed in the lactating mouse mammary gland. To determine the biological relevance of this expression profile, we developed bi-transgenic mice in which this protein is specifically down-regulated in the secretory mammary epithelium in the secretory mammary epithelium during lactation. Our data show that TTP conditional KO mice produced underweight litters, possibly due to massive mammary cell death induced during lactation without the requirement of additional stimuli. This effect was linked to overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of STAT3 and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation. Importantly, blocking TNFα activity in the lactating conditional TTP KO mice inhibited cell death and similar effects were observed when this treatment was applied to wild-type animals during 48 h after weaning. Therefore, our results demonstrate that during lactation TTP wards off early involution by preventing the increase of local inflammatory factors. In addition, our data reveal the relevance of locally secreted TNFα for triggering programmed cell death after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Goddio
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Albana Gattelli
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna M Tocci
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Pérez Cuervo
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Stedile
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Edith C Kordon
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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39
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Coelho MA, de Carné Trécesson S, Rana S, Zecchin D, Moore C, Molina-Arcas M, East P, Spencer-Dene B, Nye E, Barnouin K, Snijders AP, Lai WS, Blackshear PJ, Downward J. Oncogenic RAS Signaling Promotes Tumor Immunoresistance by Stabilizing PD-L1 mRNA. Immunity 2017; 47:1083-1099.e6. [PMID: 29246442 PMCID: PMC5746170 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive protein PD-L1 is upregulated in many cancers and contributes to evasion of the host immune system. The relative importance of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell-intrinsic signaling in the regulation of PD-L1 expression remains unclear. We report that oncogenic RAS signaling can upregulate tumor cell PD-L1 expression through a mechanism involving increases in PD-L1 mRNA stability via modulation of the AU-rich element-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP negatively regulates PD-L1 expression through AU-rich elements in the 3' UTR of PD-L1 mRNA. MEK signaling downstream of RAS leads to phosphorylation and inhibition of TTP by the kinase MK2. In human lung and colorectal tumors, RAS pathway activation is associated with elevated PD-L1 expression. In vivo, restoration of TTP expression enhances anti-tumor immunity dependent on degradation of PD-L1 mRNA. We demonstrate that RAS can drive cell-intrinsic PD-L1 expression, thus presenting therapeutic opportunities to reverse the innately immunoresistant phenotype of RAS mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Coelho
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Sareena Rana
- Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Davide Zecchin
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Moore
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Philip East
- Computational Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bradley Spencer-Dene
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma Nye
- Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karin Barnouin
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Lung Cancer Group, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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40
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Andrianne M, Assabban A, La C, Mogilenko D, Salle DS, Fleury S, Doumont G, Van Simaeys G, Nedospasov SA, Blackshear PJ, Dombrowicz D, Goriely S, Van Maele L. Tristetraprolin expression by keratinocytes controls local and systemic inflammation. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92979. [PMID: 28570274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP, encoded by the Zfp36 gene) regulates the mRNA stability of several important cytokines. Due to the critical role of this RNA-binding protein in the control of inflammation, TTP deficiency leads to the spontaneous development of a complex inflammatory syndrome. So far, this phenotype has been largely attributed to dysregulated production of TNF and IL‑23 by myeloid cells, such as macrophages or DCs. Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of TTP in keratinocytes (Zfp36fl/flK14-Cre mice, referred to herein as Zfp36ΔEP mice). Unlike DC-restricted (CD11c-Cre) or myeloid cell-restricted (LysM-Cre) TTP ablation, these mice developed exacerbated inflammation in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model. Furthermore, Zfp36ΔEP mice progressively developed a spontaneous pathology with systemic inflammation, psoriatic-like skin lesions, and dactylitis. Finally, we provide evidence that keratinocyte-derived TNF production drives these different pathological features. In summary, these findings expand current views on the initiation of psoriasis and related arthritis by revealing the keratinocyte-intrinsic role of TTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Andrianne
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Assiya Assabban
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline La
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Mogilenko
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Sébastien Fleury
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Doumont
- Centre of Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Van Simaeys
- Centre of Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) and Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Shukla S, Elson G, Blackshear PJ, Lutz CS, Leibovich SJ. 3'UTR AU-Rich Elements (AREs) and the RNA-Binding Protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) Are Not Required for the LPS-Mediated Destabilization of Phospholipase-Cβ-2 mRNA in Murine Macrophages. Inflammation 2017; 40:645-656. [PMID: 28124257 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated suppression of phospholipase-Cβ-2 (PLCβ-2) expression is involved in M1 (inflammatory) to M2-like (wound healing) phenotypic switching of macrophages triggered by adenosine. This suppression is mediated post-transcriptionally by destabilization of PLCβ-2 mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid). To investigate the mechanism of this LPS-mediated destabilization, we examined the roles of RNA-binding agents including microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins that are involved in regulating stability of mRNAs encoding growth factors, inflammatory mediators, and proto-oncogenes. Adenylate and uridylate (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in 3'UTRs are specific recognition sites for RNA-binding proteins including tristetraprolin (TTP), HuR, and AUF1 and for microRNAs that are involved in regulating mRNA stability. In this study, we investigated the role of TTP and AREs in regulating PLCβ-2 mRNA stability. The 3'UTR of the PLCβ-2 gene was inserted into the pLightswitch luciferase reporter plasmid and transfected into RAW264.7 cells. LPS suppressed luciferase expression from this reporter. Luciferase expression from mutant 3'UTR constructs lacking AREs was similarly downregulated, suggesting that these regions are not required for LPS-mediated suppression of PLCβ-2. TTP was rapidly upregulated in both primary murine macrophages and RAW264.7 cells in response to LPS. Suppression of PLCβ-2 by LPS was examined using macrophages from mice lacking TTP (TTP-/-). LPS suppressed PLCβ-2 expression to the same extent in wild type (WT) and TTP-/- macrophages. Also, the rate of decay of PLCβ-2 mRNA in LPS-treated macrophages following transcriptional blockade was similar in WT and TTP-/- macrophages, clearly indicating that TTP is not involved in LPS-mediated destabilization of PLCβ-2 mRNA in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Shukla
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Genie Elson
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Carol S Lutz
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - S Joseph Leibovich
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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42
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Wells ML, Perera L, Blackshear PJ. An Ancient Family of RNA-Binding Proteins: Still Important! Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:285-296. [PMID: 28096055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are important modulators of mRNA stability, a crucial process that determines the ultimate cellular levels of mRNAs and their encoded proteins. The tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins appeared early in the evolution of eukaryotes, and has persisted in modern eukaryotes. The domain structures and biochemical functions of family members from widely divergent lineages are remarkably similar, but their mRNA 'targets' can be very different, even in closely related species. Recent gene knockout studies in species as distantly related as plants, flies, yeasts, and mice have demonstrated crucial roles for these proteins in a wide variety of physiological processes. Inflammatory and hematopoietic phenotypes in mice have suggested potential therapeutic approaches for analogous human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Wells
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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43
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Tiedje C, Diaz-Muñoz MD, Trulley P, Ahlfors H, Laaß K, Blackshear PJ, Turner M, Gaestel M. The RNA-binding protein TTP is a global post-transcriptional regulator of feedback control in inflammation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7418-40. [PMID: 27220464 PMCID: PMC5009735 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) facilitate post-transcriptional control of eukaryotic gene expression at multiple levels. The RBP tristetraprolin (TTP/Zfp36) is a signal-induced phosphorylated anti-inflammatory protein guiding unstable mRNAs of pro-inflammatory proteins for degradation and preventing translation. Using iCLIP, we have identified numerous mRNA targets bound by wild-type TTP and by a non-MK2-phosphorylatable TTP mutant (TTP-AA) in 1 h LPS-stimulated macrophages and correlated their interaction with TTP to changes at the level of mRNA abundance and translation in a transcriptome-wide manner. The close similarity of the transcriptomes of TTP-deficient and TTP-expressing macrophages upon short LPS stimulation suggested an effective inactivation of TTP by MK2, whereas retained RNA-binding capacity of TTP-AA to 3′UTRs caused profound changes in the transcriptome and translatome, altered NF-κB-activation and induced cell death. Increased TTP binding to the 3′UTR of feedback inhibitor mRNAs, such as Ier3, Dusp1 or Tnfaip3, in the absence of MK2-dependent TTP neutralization resulted in a strong reduction of their protein synthesis contributing to the deregulation of the NF-κB-signaling pathway. Taken together, our study uncovers a role of TTP as a suppressor of feedback inhibitors of inflammation and highlights the importance of fine-tuned TTP activity-regulation by MK2 in order to control the pro-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tiedje
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical School Hannover (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Philipp Trulley
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical School Hannover (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Ahlfors
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kathrin Laaß
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical School Hannover (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin Turner
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical School Hannover (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Stumpo DJ, Trempus CS, Tucker CJ, Huang W, Li L, Kluckman K, Bortner DM, Blackshear PJ. Deficiency of the placenta- and yolk sac-specific tristetraprolin family member ZFP36L3 identifies likely mRNA targets and an unexpected link to placental iron metabolism. Development 2016; 143:1424-33. [PMID: 26952984 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ZFP36L3 protein is a rodent-specific, placenta- and yolk sac-specific member of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins. These proteins bind to AU-rich elements in target mRNAs, and promote their deadenylation and decay. We addressed the hypotheses that the absence of ZFP36L3 would result in the accumulation of target transcripts in placenta and/or yolk sac, and that some of these would be important for female reproductive physiology and overall fecundity. Mice deficient in ZFP36L3 exhibited decreased neonatal survival rates, but no apparent morphological changes in the placenta or surviving offspring. We found Zfp36l3 to be paternally imprinted, with profound parent-of-origin effects on gene expression. The protein was highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the labyrinth layer of the placenta, and the epithelial cells of the yolk sac. RNA-Seq of placental mRNA from Zfp36l3 knockout (KO) mice revealed many significantly upregulated transcripts, whereas there were few changes in KO yolk sacs. Many of the upregulated placental transcripts exhibited decreased decay rates in differentiated trophoblast stem cells derived from KO blastocysts. Several dozen transcripts were deemed high probability targets of ZFP36L3; these include proteins known to be involved in trophoblast and placenta physiology. Type 1 transferrin receptor mRNA was unexpectedly decreased in KO placentas, despite an increase in its stability in KO stem cells. This receptor is crucial for placental iron uptake, and its decrease was accompanied by decreased iron stores in the KO fetus, suggesting that this intrauterine deficiency might have deleterious consequences in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Stumpo
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carol S Trempus
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Charles J Tucker
- Confocal Microscopy Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Weichun Huang
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Patial S, Curtis AD, Lai WS, Stumpo DJ, Hill GD, Flake GP, Mannie MD, Blackshear PJ. Enhanced stability of tristetraprolin mRNA protects mice against immune-mediated inflammatory pathologies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1865-70. [PMID: 26831084 PMCID: PMC4763790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519906113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an inducible, tandem zinc-finger mRNA binding protein that binds to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of specific mRNAs, such as that encoding TNF, and increases their rates of deadenylation and turnover. Stabilization of Tnf mRNA and other cytokine transcripts in TTP-deficient mice results in the development of a profound, chronic inflammatory syndrome characterized by polyarticular arthritis, dermatitis, myeloid hyperplasia, and autoimmunity. To address the hypothesis that increasing endogenous levels of TTP in an intact animal might be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, we generated a mouse model (TTPΔARE) in which a 136-base instability motif in the 3'UTR of TTP mRNA was deleted in the endogenous genetic locus. These mice appeared normal, but cultured fibroblasts and macrophages derived from them exhibited increased stability of the otherwise highly labile TTP mRNA. This resulted in increased TTP protein expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages and increased levels of TTP protein in mouse tissues. TTPΔARE mice were protected from collagen antibody-induced arthritis, exhibited significantly reduced inflammation in imiquimod-induced dermatitis, and were resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, presumably by dampening the excessive production of proinflammatory mediators in all cases. These data suggest that increased systemic levels of TTP, secondary to increased stability of its mRNA throughout the body, can be protective against inflammatory disease in certain models and might be viewed as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Patial
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Alan D Curtis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Wi S Lai
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | | | - Gordon P Flake
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Mark D Mannie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Fröhling M, Vogl T, Loser K, Paruzel P, Blackshear PJ, Stumpo DJ, Roth J, Pap T, Stratis A. A1.30 A key role of S100A9 in the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis in TTP/S100 deficient mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Culture of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells represents a powerful system to test gene function due to their easy accessibility, rapid growth rates, and the possibility of a large number of experiments. Fibroblasts are a group of heterogeneous resident cells of mesenchymal origin that have various locations, diverse appearances and distinctive activities. Because of their ubiquitous distribution as tissue cells, these cells are poised to respond to factors released by newly activated innate immune cells, thus becoming a useful tool to study inflammation and immunity. Here, we describe procedures for mouse embryonic fibroblast cell isolation, primary culture, and stimulation. Specifically, we have optimized a step of serum starvation prior to stimulation. This step is necessary to maintain the quiescent status of these cells before they are exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli for optimal responses. As shown in our previous studies, these mouse fibroblasts do not express Tnf, Csf2, or Il2 mRNAs at levels readily detectable by routine northern blotting techniques (Lai WS et al., 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qun Qiu
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
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Abstract
mRNA stability control is a critical step in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Actinomycin D, an antibiotic initially used as an anti-cancer drug, has turned out to be a convenient tool for studying the turnover rates of transcripts in cells, due to its inhibition of mRNA synthesis. Here, we describe a protocol for the measurement of mRNA decay after adding actinomycin D into the medium of stable fibroblast cell lines derived from wild-type and tristetraprolin (TTP)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cultures, as well as a protocol for determining the relative transcript abundance using semi-quantitative real time RT-PCR. Northern blotting or NanoString n-Counter are alternative methods to measure mRNA abundance, which is quantified using a phosphorimager in the former case. This protocol is suitable for studying primary cultured cells and stable cell lines derived from transgenic mice and their respective controls, and provides for direct comparisons of mRNA decay rates in otherwise identical cells with and without the gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qun Qiu
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA
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Gingerich TJ, Stumpo DJ, Lai WS, Randall TA, Steppan SJ, Blackshear PJ. Emergence and evolution of Zfp36l3. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 94:518-530. [PMID: 26493225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In most mammals, the Zfp36 gene family consists of three conserved members, with a fourth member, Zfp36l3, present only in rodents. The ZFP36 proteins regulate post-transcriptional gene expression at the level of mRNA stability in organisms from humans to yeasts, and appear to be expressed in all major groups of eukaryotes. In Mus musculus, Zfp36l3 expression is limited to the placenta and yolk sac, and is important for overall fecundity. We sequenced the Zfp36l3 gene from more than 20 representative species, from members of the Muridae, Cricetidae and Nesomyidae families. Zfp36l3 was not present in Dipodidae, or any families that branched earlier, indicating that this gene is exclusive to the Muroidea superfamily. We provide evidence that Zfp36l3 arose by retrotransposition of an mRNA encoded by a related gene, Zfp36l2 into an ancestral rodent X chromosome. Zfp36l3 has evolved rapidly since its origin, and numerous modifications have developed, including variations in start codon utilization, de novo intron formation by mechanisms including a nested retrotransposition, and the insertion of distinct repetitive regions. One of these repeat regions, a long alanine rich-sequence, is responsible for the full-time cytoplasmic localization of Mus musculus ZFP36L3. In contrast, this repeat sequence is lacking in Peromyscus maniculatus ZFP36L3, and this protein contains a novel nuclear export sequence that controls shuttling between the nucleus and cytosol. Zfp36l3 is an example of a recently acquired, rapidly evolving gene, and its various orthologues illustrate several different mechanisms by which new genes emerge and evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Gingerich
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thomas A Randall
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Scott J Steppan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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50
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Yu D, Makkar G, Strickland DK, Blanpied TA, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Sarkar R, Monahan TS. Myristoylated Alanine-Rich Protein Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Regulates Small GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42 Activity and Is a Critical Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in Intimal Hyperplasia Formation. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002255. [PMID: 26450120 PMCID: PMC4845127 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is upregulated in animal models of intimal hyperplasia. MARCKS knockdown inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in vitro; however, the mechanism is as yet unknown. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of MARCKS-mediated motility and determine whether MARCKS knockdown reduces intimal hyperplasia formation in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS MARCKS knockdown blocked platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced translocation of cortactin to the cell cortex, impaired both lamellipodia and filopodia formation, and attenuated motility of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Activation of the small GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, was prevented by MARCKS knockdown. Phosphorylation of MARCKS resulted in a transient shift of MARCKS from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. MARCKS knockdown significantly decreased membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) levels. Cotransfection with an intact, unphosphorylated MARCKS, which has a high binding affinity for PIP2, restored membrane-associated PIP2 levels and was indispensable for activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and, ultimately, VSMC migration. Overexpression of MARCKS in differentiated VSMCs increased membrane PIP2 abundance, Rac1 and Cdc42 activity, and cell motility. MARCKS protein was upregulated early in the development of intimal hyperplasia in the murine carotid ligation model. Decreased MARKCS expression, but not total knockdown, attenuated intimal hyperplasia formation. CONCLUSIONS MARCKS upregulation increases VSMC motility by activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. These effects are mediated by MARCKS sequestering PIP2 at the plasma membrane. This study delineates a novel mechanism for MARCKS-mediated VSMC migration and supports the rational for MARCKS knockdown to prevent intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., T.S.M.) Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - George Makkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.)
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (D.J.S., P.J.B.)
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- The Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC (D.J.S., P.J.B.)
| | - Rajabrata Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.K.S., T.A.B., R.S.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
| | - Thomas S Monahan
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., T.S.M.) Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., G.M., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.) Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.Y., D.K.S., R.S., T.S.M.)
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