1
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Böning A, Flicker L, Rodriguez-Montesinos J, Cabrera-Fuentes H, Preissner KT, Niemann B, Taghiyev ZT. Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with six ischemic cycles. Perfusion 2023; 38:1418-1427. [PMID: 35849687 DOI: 10.1177/02676591221115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP), which utilizes in part the extracellular RNA (eRNA)/RNase1 pathway, can induce ischemic tolerance in humans. Because RIP has thus far been tested only with four cycles of extremity ischemia/reperfusion, we investigated the influence of six cycles of ischemia on the eRNA/RNase1 pathway in cardiac patients. METHODS Six cycles of RIP were carried out in 14 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples were taken at 13 timepoints during surgery and at three timepoints after surgery for determining serum levels of RNase1, eRNA, and TNF-α. Trans-cardiac gradients between the myocardial blood inflow and outflow were calculated. RESULTS Between the fourth and the sixth RIP cycles, a noticeable increase in the levels of eRNA (fourth: 151.6 (SD: 44.2) ng/ml vs sixth: 181.8 (SD: 87.5) ng/ml, p = .071), and a significant increase in RNase1 (fourth: 151.1 (SD: 42.6) U/ml vs sixth: 175.3 (SD: 41.2) U/ml, p = .001), were noted. The trans-cardiac gradients of RNase1 and eRNA before and after ischemia were not significantly different (p = .158 and p = .221; p = .397 and p = .683, respectively). Likewise, the trans-cardiac gradient of TNF-α was similar before and after ischemia. During the first 48 h after the surgery, RNase1 activity rose significantly and exceeded baseline values (135.7 (SD: 40.6) U/ml before and 279.2 (SD: 85.6) U/ml after surgery, p = .001) as did eRNA levels (148,6 (SD: 35.4) ng/ml before and 396.5 (SD: 154.5) ng/ml after surgery, p = .005), whereas TNF-α levels decreased significantly (91.7 (SD: 47.7) pg/ml before and 35.7 (SD: 36.9) pg/ml after surgery, p = .001). CONCLUSION Six RIP cycles increased the RNase1 levels significantly above those observed with four cycles. More clinical data are required to show whether this translates into a benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Böning
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luisa Flicker
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus T Preissner
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Kerckhoff Heart Research Institute, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Zulfugar T Taghiyev
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Martín-González C, Ribot-Hernández I, Fernández-Rodríguez CM, Pérez-Hernández O, González-Navarrete L, Godoy-Reyes AM, Rodríguez-Gaspar M, Martínez-Riera A, González-Reimers E. Mean platelet volume and mortality in patients with alcohol use disorder. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1236-1241. [PMID: 37277289 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have pointed out the relationship of platelet size with increased mortality or adverse clinical course. Most studies show that increased mean platelet volume (MPV) may be associated with a deleterious outcome in different settings such as sepsis or neoplasia, whereas other researchers have found the opposite. In inflammatory conditions there is an altered secretion of several cytokines, some of them exerting a marked influence on platelet biogenesis and/or on platelet activation and aggregation. Alcohol use disorder is a chronic situation characterized by a protracted low-grade inflammation. In this study we analyze the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and MPV and their relationships with mortality in patients with alcohol abuse. We determined serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and routine laboratory variables among 184 patients with alcohol use disorder admitted to our hospital and followed-up for a median of 42 months. We found that MPV was inversely related to TNF-α (ρ=-0.34), and directly to IL-8 (ρ=0.32, p<0.001 in both cases) and to IL-6 (ρ=0.15; p = 0.046). Reduced MPV was related both with short-term (<6 months) and long-term mortality. Conclusion: These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines are strongly related to MPV. A low MPV is associated with a poor prognosis among patients with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Martín-González
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Iván Ribot-Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Camino M Fernández-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Onán Pérez-Hernández
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lourdes González-Navarrete
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ana M Godoy-Reyes
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Melchor Rodríguez-Gaspar
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Riera
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Reimers
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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3
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Raut MK, Raut MM. Role of lymphocyte immunization therapy (LIT) in repeated miscarriages - A review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13629. [PMID: 36351029 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent Miscarriages are seen in 2%-5% of women and 50% of these are labelled as unexplained as no underlying cause is found in them. Various studies have explained possible alloimmune basis in these couples. Lymphocyte Immunization Therapy (LIT) was the earliest immunomodulatory method suggested in these cases. The efficacy of LIT was questioned by REMIS study in 1999 and subsequent Cochrane reviews. However, recent meta-analyses have shown that LIT is not only effective in the treatment of repeated miscarriages but it is also safe. Review of the odds ratio for live birth of various meta-analyses of studies in recurrent miscarriages has also shown that newer meta-analyses have shown higher odds ratios. The purpose of this paper is to put forward the current perspective of LIT in reproductive failure and bring forth the recent evidence. In addition, we share our experience with the use of LIT in women with recurrent pregnancy losses. However, large multicentric RCTs are required to further prove efficacy of LIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan K Raut
- Dr. Raut's Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Dr. Raut's Women's Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Mugdha M Raut
- Dr. Raut's Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Dr. Raut's Women's Hospital, Mumbai, India
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4
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El Hawary MS, Hassan SA, ELatty SA, Khalil NM. Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin Resistance in Egyptian Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 18:469-474. [PMID: 36210141 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases. Premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are two of the most important complications of these diseases. Anti-carbamylated protein antibody (Anti-carP Ab) is one of the antibodies which was studied in RA and SLE. In our study, we studied the relation between anti-carP Ab, disease activity and insulin resistance in RA and SLE patients. METHODS 90Patients with SLE and RA were enrolled and subjected to history taking, clinical examination and assessment of disease activity using SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scoring for SLE patients and disease activity score 28 (DAS28-ESR) for RA patients. Samples were examined for complete blood count (CBC), creatinine, inflammatory markers, Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and anti-carPAb. HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) was calculated. RESULTS Patients with RA and SLE showed higher levels of anti-carPAb in comparison with healthy subjects (8.25ng/ml for RA, 7ng/ml for SLE and 0.6ng/ml for healthy subjects with p value <0.001). There was a positive correlation between anti-carPAb and disease activity of RA (p value <0.001) and a positive correlation between anti-carPAb and TNF alpha in RA. In SLE, there was no correlation of anti-carP Ab with disease activity while, HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with nephritis (p value 0.04). CONCLUSION Anti-carP antibody is a marker of disease activity in RA patients and has high specificity for both RA and SLE detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd ELatty
- Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Noha M Khalil
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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5
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Hoffmann SL, Seminoff K, McKemie DS, Kass PH, Knych HK. Pharmacokinetics of grapiprant and effects on TNF-alpha concentrations following oral administration to horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:467-472. [PMID: 35652132 PMCID: PMC10919302 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Grapiprant is a prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist that has been found to be an effective anti-inflammatory in dogs and that is devoid of some of the adverse effects associated with traditional NSAIDs that elicit their effects through inhibition of PGE2 production. Previously published reports have described the pharmacokinetics of this drug in horses when administered at 2 mg/kg; however, pharmacodynamic effects in this species have yet to be described. The objective of the current study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of grapiprant at a higher dose. Eight horses received a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were determined for 96 h using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Non-compartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed ex vivo by stimulating blood samples with PGE2 and determining TNF-ɑ concentrations. Maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration and area under the curve were 327.5 (188.4-663.0) ng/ml, 1 (0.75-2.0) hour and 831.8 (512.6-1421.6) h*ng/ml, respectively. The terminal half-life was 11.1 (8.27-21.2) hr. Significant stimulation of TNF alpha was noted for 2-4 h post-drug administration. Results of this study suggest a short duration of EP4 receptor engagement when administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke L. Hoffmann
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kelsey Seminoff
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel S. McKemie
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Philip H. Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K.L Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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6
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Feinberg PA, Becker SC, Chung L, Ferrari L, Stellwagen D, Anaclet C, Durán-Laforet V, Faust TE, Sumbria RK, Schafer DP. Elevated TNF-α Leads to Neural Circuit Instability in the Absence of Interferon Regulatory Factor 8. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6171-6185. [PMID: 35790400 PMCID: PMC9374154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0601-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a transcription factor necessary for the maturation of microglia, as well as other peripheral immune cells. It also regulates the transition of microglia and other immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Irf8 is also a known risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, and it has recently been shown to be downregulated in schizophrenia. While most studies have focused on IRF8-dependent regulation of immune cell function, little is known about how it impacts neural circuits. Here, we show by RNAseq from Irf8 -/- male and female mouse brains that several genes involved in regulation of neural activity are dysregulated. We then show that these molecular changes are reflected in heightened neural excitability and a profound increase in susceptibility to lethal seizures in male and female Irf8 -/- mice. Finally, we identify that TNF-α is elevated specifically in microglia in the CNS, and genetic or acute pharmacological blockade of TNF-α in the Irf8 -/- CNS rescued the seizure phenotype. These results provide important insights into the consequences of IRF8 signaling and TNF-α on neural circuits. Our data further suggest that neuronal function is impacted by loss of IRF8, a factor involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we identify a previously unknown and key role for interferon regulator factor 8 (IRF8) in regulating neural excitability and seizures. We further determine that these effects on neural circuits are through elevated TNF-α in the CNS. As IRF8 has most widely been studied in the context of regulating the development and inflammatory signaling in microglia and other immune cells, we have uncovered a novel function. Further, IRF8 is a risk gene for multiple sclerosis and lupus, IRF8 is dysregulated in schizophrenia, and elevated TNF-α has been identified in a multitude of neurologic conditions. Thus, elucidating these IRF8 and TNF-α-dependent effects on brain circuit function has profound implications for understanding underlying, therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Feinberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Shannon C Becker
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Leeyup Chung
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David Stellwagen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Violeta Durán-Laforet
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Travis E Faust
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California 92868
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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7
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Bai X, Huang Y, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li Y, Ouyang H. Wnt3a/YTHDF1 Regulated Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain Via TNF-α/IL-18 Expression in the Spinal Cord. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 43:1583-1594. [PMID: 35939138 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is widely used in cancer treatment, however, many patients will suffer from neuropathic pain (NP) induced by it at the same time. Therefore exploring the mechanism and founding novel target for this problem are needed. In this study, YTHDF1 showed upregulation in oxaliplatin treated mice. As m6A is known as conserved and it widely functions in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, we focused on exploring the molecular mechanism of whether and how YTHDF1 functions in NP induced by oxaliplatin. IHC and western blotting were conducted to measure proteins. Intrathecal injection for corresponding siRNAs in C57/BL6 mice or spinal microinjection for virus in YTHDF1flox/flox mice were applied to specially knockdown the expression of molecular. Von Frey, acetone test and ethyl chloride (EC) test were applied to evaluate NP behavior. YTHDF1, Wnt3a, TNF-α and IL-18 were increased in oxaliplatin treated mice, restricted the molecular mentioned above respectively can significantly attenuate oxaliplatin-induced NP, including the mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia. Silencing YTHDF1 and inhibiting Wnt3a and Wnt signaling pathways can reduce the enhancement of TNF-α and IL-18, and the decreasing of the upregulation of YTHDF1 can be found when inhibiting Wnt3a and Wnts signaling pathways in oxaliplatin treated mice. Our study indicated a novel pathway that can contribute to oxaliplatin-induced NP, the Wnt3a/YTHDF1 to cytokine pathway, which upregulating YTHDF1 functioned as the downstream of Wnt3a signal and promoted the translation of TNF-α and IL-18 in oxaliplatin treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Handong Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Atmaca N, Atmaca HT. The correlation of TNF alpha levels with acute phase proteins in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108311. [PMID: 35724932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute Toxoplasma gondii infections can influence the liver as well as other organs. Many cytokines and proteins play a role in the acute response against infection. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a cytokine that plays a key function in stimulating hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins. In this study, we investigated TNF alpha levels associated with the levels of macroglobulin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, serum amyloid alpha protein (SAA), and clusterin, which are acute phase proteins, in serum of mice with T. gondii infection. In the experiment, a total of 24 mice were used; 6 mice constituted the control group and 18 mice were infected with the RH strain. On the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days following the infection, 6 animals were euthanized, and their serums were collected. Compared to the control group, we observed a statistically significant decrease in albumin concentration in the group with T. gondii infection on the 6th day. Also, this group displayed a statistically significant, gradual increase in clusterin levels on the 2nd and 6th days, C-reactive protein levels on the 4th day, haptoglobin levels on the 2nd and 4th days, hemopexin levels on the 2nd day, serum amyloid A levels on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days, and TNF-α levels on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days (p < 0.05). TNF-α was strongly positively correlated with CRP, SAA, and clusterin, moderately positively correlated with hemopexin, and strongly negatively correlated with albumin. The increase in CRP, SAA, clusterin, and hemopexin levels on the 2nd day after infection, in parallel with the increase in TNF-α levels, indicates that these proteins can be considered as major acute phase proteins in acute T. gondii infection in mice. The data obtained here may be helpful for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection and for monitoring treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Atmaca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tarik Atmaca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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9
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Dong T, Bevan G, Zidar DA, Achirica MC, Nasir K, Rashid I, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi S. Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 is Associated With Cardiovascular Risk in Persons With Coronary Artery Calcium Score of Zero. Pathog Immun 2022; 6:135-148. [PMID: 34988343 PMCID: PMC8714175 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v6i2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A coronary artery calcium (CAC) score of zero confers a low but nonzero risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (CVD) in asymptomatic patient populations, and additional risk stratification is needed to guide preventive interventions. Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR-1 and sTNFR-2) are shed in the context of TNF-alpha signaling and systemic inflammation, which play a role in atherosclerosis and plaque instability. We hypothesized that serum sTNFR-1 concentrations may aid in cardiovascular risk stratification among asymptomatic patients with a CAC score of zero. Methods: We included all participants with CAC=0 and baseline sTNFR-1 measurements from the prospective cohort Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The primary outcome was a composite CVD event (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular death). Results: The study included 1471 participants (mean age 57.6 years, 64% female), with measured baseline sTNFR-1 ranging from 603 pg/mL to 5544 pg/mL (mean 1294 pg/mL ±378.8 pg/mL). Over a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 37 participants (2.5%) experienced a CVD event. In multivariable analyses adjusted for Framingham Score, doubling of sTNFR-1 was associated with a 3-fold increase in the hazards of CVD (HR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.48-6.09, P = 0.002), which remained significant after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors individually (HR 2.29; 95% CI: 1.04-5.06, P=0.04). Doubling of sTNFR-1 was also associated with progression of CAC >100, adjusted for age (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.33-6.03, P=0.007). Conclusions: sTNFR-1 concentrations are associated with more CVD events in participants with a CAC score of zero. Utilizing sTNFR-1 measurements may improve cardiovascular risk stratification and guide primary prevention in otherwise low-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Dong
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Graham Bevan
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David A Zidar
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.,School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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10
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Di Castro MA, Volterra A. Astrocyte control of the entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit: Relevance to cognitive processing and impairment in pathology. Glia 2021; 70:1536-1553. [PMID: 34904753 PMCID: PMC9299993 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit is centrally involved in memory processing conveying to the hippocampus spatial and nonspatial context information via, respectively, medial and lateral perforant path (MPP and LPP) excitatory projections onto dentate granule cells (GCs). Here, we review work of several years from our group showing that astrocytes sense local synaptic transmission and exert in turn a presynaptic control at PP-GC synapses. Modulation of neurotransmitter release probability by astrocytes sets basal synaptic strength and dynamic range for long-term potentiation of PP-GC synapses. Intriguingly, this astrocyte control is circuit-specific, being present only at MPP-GC (not LPP-GC) synapses, which selectively express atypical presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) suitable to activation by astrocyte-released glutamate. Moreover, the astrocytic control is peculiarly dependent on the cytokine TNFα, which at constitutive levels acts as a gating factor for the astrocyte signaling. During inflammation/infection processes, increased levels of TNFα lead to uncontrolled astrocyte glutamate release, altered PP-GC circuit processing and, ultimately, impaired contextual memory performance. The TNFα-dependent pathological switch of the synaptic control from astrocytes and its deleterious consequences are observed in animal models of HIV brain infection and multiple sclerosis, conditions both known to cause cognitive disturbances in up to 50% of patients. The review also discusses open issues related to the identified astrocytic pathway: its role in contextual memory processing, potential damaging role in Alzheimer's disease, the existence of vesicular glutamate release from DG astrocytes, and the possible synaptic-like connectivity between astrocytic output sites and PP receptive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Rengasamy M, Marsland A, McClain L, Kovats T, Walko T, Pan L, Price RB. Linking childhood trauma and cytokine levels in depressed adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105398. [PMID: 34479104 PMCID: PMC8530984 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supports raised circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), among clinically depressed adults, although preliminary findings in adolescents are mixed. Independently, meta-analyses identify correlations between childhood trauma and elevated cytokine levels in adulthood. Here, we examine the possible role of individual differences in exposure to childhood trauma in contributing to variability in cytokine levels in depressed adolescents. METHODS 52 depressed adolescents and 20 healthy adolescents completed measures of childhood trauma and provided blood for the assessment of plasma IL-6 and TNFα. Cross-sectional associations of childhood trauma and cytokine measures were assessed in both depressed and healthy adolescents, along with exploratory analysis of childhood trauma subtypes. Longitudinal relationships between childhood trauma and cytokine measures were also studied in an exploratory fashion within a subset of depressed participants (n = 36). RESULTS Higher childhood trauma (particularly emotional abuse) was positively associated with TNFα in depressed adolescents. Childhood trauma was not linked to longitudinal changes in cytokine levels. DISCUSSION In depressed adolescents, childhood trauma may relate to higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and contribute to heterogeneity in cytokine elevation among depressed adolescents. Such findings may ultimately help guide more effective individualized treatments for adolescents with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivel Rengasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Anna Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tessa Kovats
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Thomas Walko
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lisa Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebecca B Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Hospital, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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12
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Gamrot Z, Adamczyk P, Świętochowska E, Roszkowska-Bjanid D, Gamrot J, Szczepanska M. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and alpha-Klotho (αKL) in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Endokrynol Pol 2021; 72:625-633. [PMID: 34647605 DOI: 10.5603/ep.a2021.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children, despite the progress in science and technology, is still a serious challenge. Early CKD detection gives a chance of early therapeutic intervention and lowering the progression of the disease. According to several publications indicating the possible use of alpha-Klotho (αKL) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) for the early detection of the disease in adults, an attempt was made to evaluate their usefulness in the paediatric population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 42 patients with CKD with a mean age of 10.7 years (18 girls and 24 boys). The control group involved 21 healthy children with a mean age of 8.4 years (11 girls and 10 boys). Anthropometrical parameters and blood pressure were taken and routine biochemical tests were performed in the whole group. The concentrations of TNFα and αKL in serum and urine were determined by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Children from the CKD group showed a statistically significant difference in serum TNFα and αKL in comparison to the control group. There was no significant relationship between the evaluated markers and sex, presence of hypertension, or proteinuria in the children. The mean αKL serum concentration was higher in patients on dialysis compared to the group of conservatively treated children, whereas the values of TNFα in serum and urine, as well as the αKL in urine, did not differ significantly in these groups. A significant positive correlation was found between serum αKL concentration and serum creatinine, but there was no other correlation between serum αKL or TNFα concentration and any of the measured anthropometric and laboratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS Serum TNFα and αKL levels in children with chronic kidney disease, although being statistically different compared to the group of healthy children, except for the correlation of serum aKL and creatinine, showed no other correlations to the most parameters used for chronic kidney disease evaluation including, eGFR. Their usefulness in the early detection of kidney dysfunction in children was not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Gamrot
- Unit of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Chorzow City Hospital, Poland
| | - Piotr Adamczyk
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Chair and Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Gamrot
- Student's Scientific Society, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepanska
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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13
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Frye RE, Rose S, McCullough S, Bennuri SC, Porter-Gill PA, Dweep H, Gill PS. MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role for miR-181 in Immunomodulation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:922. [PMID: 34575699 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of molecular pathways in psychiatric disease. Here, we examine differential miRNAs expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 10 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compare them to seven typically developing unrelated age- and gender-matched controls and 10 typically developing siblings. Small RNAseq analysis identified miRNAs, and selected miRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR). KEGG analysis identified target pathways, and selected predicted mRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Small RNAseq analysis identified that multiple miRNAs differentiated ASD from unrelated controls and ASD from typically developing siblings, with only one, hsa-miR-451a_R-1, being in common. Verification with qRT-PCR showed that miR-320a differentiated ASD from both sibling and unrelated controls and that several members of the miR-181 family differentiated ASD from unrelated controls. Differential expression of AKT2, AKT3, TNF α and CamKinase II predicted by KEGG analysis was verified by qRT-PCR. Expression of CamKinase II βwas found to be correlated with the severity of stereotyped behavior of the ASD participants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the mechanisms regulating molecular pathways in individuals with ASD and identifies differentiated regulated genes involved in both the central nervous system and the immune system.
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14
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Zhang XH, Chen CH, Li H, Hsiang J, Wu X, Hu W, Horne D, Nam S, Shively J, Rosen ST. Targeting the non-ATP-binding pocket of the MAP kinase p38γ mediates a novel mechanism of cytotoxicity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2570-2592. [PMID: 34455585 PMCID: PMC8577799 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe here for the first time a lipid‐binding‐domain (LBD) in p38γ mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the response of T cells to a newly identified inhibitor, CSH71. We describe how CSH71, which binds to both the LBD and the ATP‐binding pocket of p38γ, is selectively cytotoxic to CTCL Hut78 cells but spares normal healthy peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and propose possible molecular mechanisms for its action. p38γ is a key player in CTCL development, and we expect that the ability to regulate its expression by specifically targeting the lipid‐binding domain will have important clinical relevance. Our findings characterize novel mechanisms of gene regulation in T lymphoma cells and validate the use of computational screening techniques to identify inhibitors for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hsiang
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weidong Hu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jack Shively
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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15
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Abstract
The subcutaneous air pouch is an in vivo model that can be used to study the components of acute and chronic inflammation, the resolution of the inflammatory response, the oxidative stress response, and potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammation. Injection of irritants into an air pouch in rats or mice induces an inflammatory response that can be quantified by the volume of exudate produced, the infiltration of cells, and the release of inflammatory mediators. The model presented in this article has been extensively used to identify potential anti-inflammatory drugs. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Air pouch model in the rat Alternate Protocol: Air pouch model in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth E McCarson
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (KIDDRC), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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16
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Taft J, Markson M, Legarda D, Patel R, Chan M, Malle L, Richardson A, Gruber C, Martín-Fernández M, Mancini GMS, van Laar JAM, van Pelt P, Buta S, Wokke BHA, Sabli IKD, Sancho-Shimizu V, Chavan PP, Schnappauf O, Khubchandani R, Cüceoğlu MK, Özen S, Kastner DL, Ting AT, Aksentijevich I, Hollink IHIM, Bogunovic D. Human TBK1 deficiency leads to autoinflammation driven by TNF-induced cell death. Cell 2021; 184:4447-4463.e20. [PMID: 34363755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) regulates IFN-I, NF-κB, and TNF-induced RIPK1-dependent cell death (RCD). In mice, biallelic loss of TBK1 is embryonically lethal. We discovered four humans, ages 32, 26, 7, and 8 from three unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous loss-of-function mutations in TBK1. All four patients suffer from chronic and systemic autoinflammation, but not severe viral infections. We demonstrate that TBK1 loss results in hypomorphic but sufficient IFN-I induction via RIG-I/MDA5, while the system retains near intact IL-6 induction through NF-κB. Autoinflammation is driven by TNF-induced RCD as patient-derived fibroblasts experienced higher rates of necroptosis in vitro, and CC3 was elevated in peripheral blood ex vivo. Treatment with anti-TNF dampened the baseline circulating inflammatory profile and ameliorated the clinical condition in vivo. These findings highlight the plasticity of the IFN-I response and underscore a cardinal role for TBK1 in the regulation of RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Taft
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Markson
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diana Legarda
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Roosheel Patel
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Chan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Louise Malle
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ashley Richardson
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Conor Gruber
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marta Martín-Fernández
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M van Laar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philomine van Pelt
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sofija Buta
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Beatrijs H A Wokke
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ira K D Sabli
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pallavi Pimpale Chavan
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Pediatric Rheumatology, SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Oskar Schnappauf
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raju Khubchandani
- Pediatric Rheumatology, SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, India; Consultant Pediatrician, Jaslok and Breach Candy Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Seza Özen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Iris H I M Hollink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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17
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Elalouf O, Lidar M, Reitblat T, Zisman D, Balbir-Gurman A, Hakakian O, Mashiach T, Almog R, Elkayam O. High Body Mass Index is Associated with Shorter Retention of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Blocker Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biologics 2021; 15:279-287. [PMID: 34321864 PMCID: PMC8312506 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s290169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) blockers retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and Methods This prospective cohort study analyzed data about patients with RA who initiated TNF blockers from the Israeli registry of inflammatory diseases from 2011 to 2019. Patients were grouped by BMI: normal (BMI <24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2) and morbid obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Treatment cessation due to inefficacy was defined as an “event” and therapy with a drug above 3 months was defined as a “course.” Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to describe drug survival. Event-free survival was calculated using Cox regression with a hazard ratio and confidence interval of 95%. Results The final analysis included 521 RA patients (80% females) treated with etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab or golimumab. Eight hundred and eighteen treatment initiations were included in the final analysis, 334 (41%) in the normal weight group, 261 (32%) in the overweight, 144 (17%) in the obese and 79 (10%) in the morbid obesity group. Three hundred and twenty-six (40%) treatment initiations were with etanercept, 215 (26%) with adalimumab 197 (24%) with infliximab, and 80 (10%) with golimumab. BMI was inversely associated with drug survival. Morbid obese patients were more likely to discontinue treatment compared with normal weight patients HR 2.28 (95% CI 1.67–3.10, p<0.01). This association remained significant for each drug type (except for golimumab) in a subgroup analysis. Adalimumab switch rate was higher compared to etanercept with HR =1.51 (95% CI 1.20–1.91, p<0.01), no other significant differences were noted between the other drugs. Conclusion Morbid obese RA patients have lower TNF-α blocker retention compared to normal weight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Elalouf
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Lidar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Devy Zisman
- Department of Rheumatology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Odelia Hakakian
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Mashiach
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronit Almog
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ori Elkayam
- Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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El Hawary MS, Hassan SA, ELatty SA, Khalil NM. Anti-Carbamylated Protein Antibodies, Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin Resistance in Egyptian Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2021; 18:S1699-258X(21)00156-X. [PMID: 34266801 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases. Premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases are two of the most important complications of these diseases. Anti-carbamylated protein antibody (Anti-carP Ab) is one of the antibodies which was studied in RA and SLE. In our study, we studied the relation between anti-carP Ab, disease activity and insulin resistance in RA and SLE patients. METHODS 90Patients with SLE and RA were enrolled and subjected to history taking, clinical examination and assessment of disease activity using SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scoring for SLE patients and disease activity score 28 (DAS28-ESR) for RA patients. Samples were examined for complete blood count (CBC), creatinine, inflammatory markers, Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and anti-carPAb. HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) was calculated. RESULTS Patients with RA and SLE showed higher levels of anti-carPAb in comparison with healthy subjects (8.25ng/ml for RA, 7ng/ml for SLE and 0.6ng/ml for healthy subjects with p value <0.001). There was a positive correlation between anti-carPAb and disease activity of RA (p value <0.001) and a positive correlation between anti-carPAb and TNF alpha in RA. In SLE, there was no correlation of anti-carP Ab with disease activity while, HOMA-IR showed a positive correlation with nephritis (p value 0.04). CONCLUSION Anti-carP antibody is a marker of disease activity in RA patients and has high specificity for both RA and SLE detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah A Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd ELatty
- Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Noha M Khalil
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Gupta SR, Gupta N, Sharma A, Xess I, Singh G, Mani K. The association of Candida and antifungal therapy with pro-inflammatory cytokines in oral leukoplakia. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6287-6296. [PMID: 33813637 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the association of Candida and antifungal therapy with pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) in oral leukoplakia (OL). MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study where immunocompetent adult subjects with OL (30 homogenous (HL), 30 non-homogenous (NHL)) and 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls (C) with no predisposing factors for oral Candida infection were recruited. Sterile cotton swabs and ophthalmic sponges were used to sample the lesion surface in OL and buccal mucosa in C, for direct microscopy and culture for Candida and to determine levels of PIC (IL-6, IL-8. IL-17, TNF-α) by ELISA, respectively. Sampling for PIC was repeated at same sites in OL, 2 weeks after antifungal therapy. RESULTS Candida was associated with 55.3% of NHL, 23.3% of HL and 13.3% of C. The oral secretary levels of PIC were raised in NHL as compared to HL and C. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α (p<0.001) and IL-17 (p<0.01) were significantly raised in Candida positive NHL while IL-6 (p<0.05) and TNF-α (p<0.01) were significantly raised in Candida positive HL before antifungal treatment. After antifungal treatment, there was significant reduction in PIC in Candida positive NHL and HL. CONCLUSIONS Candida infection contributes to the inflammatory milieu in Candida associated OL which increases the risk of carcinogenesis. Antifungal therapy reduces the PIC in Candida associated OL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identification and elimination of predisposing factors for Candida infection, like cessation of harmful habits, maintenance of oral/denture hygiene, surveillance for Candida and antifungal therapy at intervals, are recommended in OL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04712929.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini R Gupta
- Oral Medicine & Radiology CDER, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India
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20
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Zhang LJ, Wang XD, Ji MS, Hasimu H, Abliz P. Characterisation of a clinical isolated Aspergillus lentulus strain using a Galleria mellonella infection model. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:803-811. [PMID: 33717553 PMCID: PMC7947491 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, the number of invasive aspergillus infection cases caused by Aspergillus lentulus (A. lentulus) has gradually increased and this fungus is usually difficult to distinguish from Aspergillus fumigatus in morphology. All of these presents a great challenge to the treatment of invasive fungal infections caused by A. lentulus. The present study aims to discuss the antifungal resistance, virulence and inflammatory factors’ changes after the infection of larvae of A. lentulus separated from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to reflect the host immune response. Methods A. lentulus isolated from COPD patients was identified by morphology and molecular biology, and its drug sensitivity was determined in vitro. Then the virulence factors and inflammatory response related factors of A. lentulus were determined by the model of A. lentulus infecting larvae. These were divided into three groups: A. lentulus standard strain, A. lentulus strain isolated from patients; PBS control. The infection model was formed by injecting the suspension of A. lentulus at a concentration of 1×106 CFU into larvae, in order to determine the (1,3)-β-D-glucan and galactomannan levels, and determine the caspase-1 and TNF-α concentration in Galleria mellonella larvae by RT-PCR. Results The results revealed that A. lentulus had good sensitivity to itraconazole, voriconazole and micafungin, while (1,3)-β-D-glucan was negative in the two groups. The level of galactomannan in the two groups was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between the standard strain group and patient strain group (P>0.05). After the infection of larvae, caspase-1 and TNF-α in the Galleria mellonella larvae increased in the two groups, and these elevated levels were statistically significant in both groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in virulence factor and host inflammatory response between A. lentulus isolated from COPD patients and standard strains. Galactomannan has more advantages in the early detection of A. lentulus invasive infection. Furthermore, the caspase-1-mediated inflammasome pathway may be involved in the host immune response to A. lentulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming-Shuo Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hadiliya Hasimu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Paride Abliz
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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21
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Rengasamy M, Marsland A, McClain L, Kovats T, Walko T, Pan L, Price RB. Longitudinal relationships of cytokines, depression and anhedonia in depressed adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:74-80. [PMID: 32919038 PMCID: PMC7952030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with low-grade elevation of plasma cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα) in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in adults. Preclinical and clinical studies also suggest that IL-6 and TNFα elevation are associated with anhedonia. However, few studies have examined longitudinal relationships between cytokines and depression/anhedonia in clinically depressed samples, particularly adolescents. METHODS Thirty-six adolescents with a depressive disorder receiving standard-of-care community treatment were assessed at a baseline and a follow-up timepoint. Self-report and clinical measures of depression and anhedonia, along with plasma IL-6 and TNFα levels, were obtained at both timepoints. Baseline cytokine measures were examined in association with baseline and follow-up clinical measures. On an exploratory basis, change in clinical measures over time was examined in relation to change in cytokine levels over time. RESULTS Higher baseline TNFα levels predicted higher follow-up depression severity after approximately four months (controlling for baseline depression). Higher baseline TNFα levels also associated positively with baseline anhedonia and predicted higher anhedonia at follow-up (controlling for baseline anhedonia). No association was found between change in clinical measures and change in cytokine levels over time. CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents receiving standard-of-care community treatment for depression, higher levels of TNFα predicted greater depressive symptoms at 4-month follow-up, suggesting this cytokine may be used to help identify patients in need of more intensive treatment. Elevated TNFα levels were also associated with concurrent and future anhedonia symptoms, suggesting a specific mechanism in which TNFα affects depression trajectories. Future studies should examine the relationships between cytokine levels and depression/anhedonia symptoms at multiple timepoints in larger cohorts of depressed adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivel Rengasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anna Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lora McClain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tessa Kovats
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Walko
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lisa Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca B Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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22
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Sciorati C, Gamberale R, Monno A, Citterio L, Lanzani C, De Lorenzo R, Ramirez GA, Esposito A, Manunta P, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. Pharmacological blockade of TNFα prevents sarcopenia and prolongs survival in aging mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23497-23508. [PMID: 33260150 PMCID: PMC7762456 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a hallmark of aging. Inflammation due to increased generation of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. In skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice from 12 until 28 months of age, we observed a progressive reduction of myofiber cross sectional area, loss of type II fibers and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Muscle strength decreased in parallel. Pharmacological TNFα blockade by weekly subcutaneous injection of Etanercept from 16 to 28 months of age prevented atrophy and loss of type II fibers, with significant improvements in muscle function and mice lifespan. The effects on leukocyte recruitment were limited. These results provide a proof of principle that endogenous TNFα is sufficient to cause sarcopenia and to reduce animal survival, and open a novel perspective on novel potential pharmacological treatment strategies based on TNFα blockade to prevent the noxious events associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gamberale
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzani
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Pasquereau S, Totoson P, Nehme Z, Abbas W, Kumar A, Verhoeven F, Prati C, Wendling D, Demougeot C, Herbein G. Impact of glucocorticoids on systemic sirtuin 1 expression and activity in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Epigenetics 2020; 16:132-143. [PMID: 32615849 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1790789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a pivotal role in numerous biological and physiological functions, including inflammation. An association between SIRT1 and proinflammatory cytokines might exist. In addition to their important role in inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), proinflammatory cytokines mediate the development of systemic effects. Here, we evaluated systemic SIRT1 expression and enzymatic activity, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in liver isolated from rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), treated or not with low or high doses of glucocorticoids (GCs). We also measured the production of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in PBMCs and liver. We found that SIRT1 expression and activity increased in PBMCs of AIA rats compared to healthy controls and decreased under GC treatment. Similarly, we observed an increased SIRT1 activity in the liver of AIA rats compared to healthy controls which decreased under high doses of GCs. We also found an increase in IL-1 beta and TNF levels in the liver of AIA rats compared to healthy controls, which decreased under high doses of GC. We did not observe a significant correlation between SIRT1 activity and proinflammatory cytokine production in PBMC or liver. In contrast, a strong positive correlation was found between the liver levels of TNF and IL-1 beta (rho=0.9503, p=7.5x10-21). Our results indicate that increased inflammation in AIA rats compared to healthy control is accompanied by an increased SIRT1 activity in both PBMCs and liver, which could be decreased under GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Pasquereau
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Perle Totoson
- Pepite EA4267, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Zeina Nehme
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Wasim Abbas
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Frank Verhoeven
- Pepite EA4267, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- Pepite EA4267, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France.,Department of Rheumatology, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- Pepite EA4267, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, UPRES EA 4266, SFR FED 4234, University of Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) , Besançon, France.,Department of Virology, CHRU Besançon , Besançon, France
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Salama KM, Alloush MK, Al Hussini RM. Are the cytokines TNF alpha and IL 1Beta early predictors of embryo implantation? Cross sectional study. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 137:102618. [PMID: 31698104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between endometrium and embryo is not accessible to the researcher for obvious ethical reasons that let understand why implantation remains the black box of reproduction. We aimed to detect of the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in endometrial secretion at the time of oocyte retrieval for early prediction of implantation. One hundred twenty women participated in the study during ICSI cycles. All women participating in the study included the following criteria; age; 22-36 years, BMI; less than 35 kg/m2, a husband with oligo- or oligoasthenospermia. All women received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and immediately after ovum pickup, an intrauterine flushing was done. Embryo transfer was done at the blastocyst stage five days after ovum pick up. Serum pregnancy tests were done for all women. The clinical pregnancy was defined as the appearance of the gestational sac and positive embryo cardiac activity was confirmed by TVS. The ongoing pregnancy was detected by abdominal ultrasound at 12 weeks. The participants were divided into two groups: the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group. Thirty-two and half percent of women got pregnant. There were non-significant differences between the two groups regarding the demographic, clinical and laboratory data except for the duration of infertility and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the pregnant group than the non-pregnant group.Therefore,The use of TNF-α and IL-1β to predict implantation in IVF is promising especially before embryo transfer. Clinical trial.gov registration NCT02854514.
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Pšemeneckienė G, Petrikonis K, Rastenytė AD. Polymorphisms of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Relation to APOE Epsilon 4 and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in the Lithuanian Population. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:medicina55100689. [PMID: 31618972 PMCID: PMC6843382 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Neuroinflammation is one of the pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease (AD), mediating the progression of neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to increased AD risk. Identification of certain combinations of polymorphisms could help predict disease in its preclinical stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the prevalence of TNFα -850T (rs1799724), IL1A -889T (rs1800587), and IL6 -174C (rs1800795, Intron type) polymorphisms between AD patients and healthy controls (HC) and determine the impact of these SNPs in combination with the APOEε4 allele on AD risk. Materials and Methods: The study population is comprised of 107 patients with sporadic AD (AD group) and age- and gender-matched 110 persons without impaired cognitive functions (control group). TNFα -850C > T polymorphism was revealed by a PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Real time PCR was used for IL1A and IL6 SNP genotyping. APOEε genotyping was done via hybridization method. Results: The frequencies of TNFα -850T, IL1A -889T, IL6 -174C allele and genotype did not differ between the AD and HC groups (p > 0.05). IL6 -174C was not in HWE, and it was not analysed further. APOEε4 allele (p = 0.001) and 3/4 and 4/4 genotypes (p = 0.005) were more prevalent in AD patients. APOEε4 carriage increased the risk of AD (OR 2.65, p = 0.001), while TNFα -850T and IL1A -889T polymorphisms were not found as significant independent risk factors for AD. The presence of at least one IL1A -889T allele in combination with APOEε4+ was associated with a lower risk of AD (OR 2.24, p = 0.047) than the carriage of APOEε4+ alone (OR 2.70, p = 0.015). Conclusions: No significant differences of TNFα -850, IL1A -889, and IL6 -174 polymorphisms frequencies were found between AD and control groups. In APOEε4 carriers IL1A -889T polymorphism was found to reduce the AD risk determined by APOEε4 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Pšemeneckienė
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kęstutis Petrikonis
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - And Daiva Rastenytė
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Oswari L, Hidayat R, Fatmawati F, Hayati L, Alisa BS. Gambir Extract ( Uncaria Gambir) Decreases Inflammatory Response and Increases Gastric Mucosal Integrity in Wistar Rats - Model Gastritis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3149-3152. [PMID: 31949507 PMCID: PMC6953953 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Uncaria gambir (local name: gambir) is a plant native to Sumatera, Malaya and Borneo. This plant is potential as local wisdom for therapeutics. In Sumatera, gambir was used as a traditional treatment for fever, diarrhoea, diabetics and wound healing. AIM: To explore the efficacy of gambir extract on TNF alpha level, prostaglandin E2 level, lesson area, body weight, lipid profile and leptin level in Wistar rat-model gastritis. METHODS: This study was an experimental study, with a pre-post-test control group design. The subjects in this study were 30 male rats, 8 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were administered with gambir extract at the dose of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg BW/day for 3 days. Gambir was extracted by maceration methods. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18. RESULTS: Gambir extract at the dose of 80 mg/kg BW exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing TNF alpha level, lesion area and increasing prostaglandin E2 level compared to gambir extract at doses of 20 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, negative control, and positive control. CONCLUSION: Gambir extract was effective in reducing TNF alpha level, lesson area, and increasing prostaglandin E2 level in Wistar rat-model gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniyati Oswari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Rachmat Hidayat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Fatmawati Fatmawati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Lusia Hayati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Fatmawati F, Erizka E, Hidayat R. Royal Jelly (Bee Product) Decreases Inflammatory Response in Wistar Rats Induced with Ultraviolet Radiation. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2723-2727. [PMID: 31844427 PMCID: PMC6901849 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages human skin by triggering various types of cellular damage, several main factors involved are nuclear-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (nF-kB) and pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF alpha. Royal jelly (RJ) possesses the effect of protecting DNA and tissue against oxidative damage. AIM: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of RJ as a protector of ultraviolet radiation, by assessing endogenous anti-oxidant expression (Nrf2), transcription factors (Nf-kB) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha). METHODS: This study was an experimental study with post-test control group design. Thirty Wistar rats were induced by exposing 40 Watt UV-B lamps for 2 hours/day in 14 days. The rats were grouped into groups with RJ cream application with doses of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, negative control with vaseline, and normal control. Examination of Nrf2 and NF-kB levels was carried out by ELISA. Quantitative analysis to obtain the percentage of TNF alpha expression on the tissue was entered into the ImageJ® program. Bivariate analysis was carried out by the T-test. RESULTS: Nrf2 levels elevated following the increase of RJ dose, with the highest level was at RJ 10%. Nf-kB levels decreased following the increase of RJ dose, with the lowest level was at RJ 10%. TNF alpha expression was reduced in groups of RJ in various doses. Increased dose resulted in a more diminished level of TNF alpha. CONCLUSION: Royal jelly cream application protected the skin from UV radiation by increasing cellular antioxidants and suppressing inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmawati Fatmawati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Erizka Erizka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Rachmat Hidayat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Samanta J, Singh S, Arora S, Muktesh G, Aggarwal A, Dhaka N, Kant Sinha S, Gupta V, Sharma V, Kochhar R. Cytokine profile in prediction of acute lung injury in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2018; 18:878-884. [PMID: 30361069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the role of cytokines in prediction of acute lung injury (ALI) in acute pancreatitis. METHODS Levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and IL-1β were measured in 107 patients at presentation and at 72 h in patients who developed acute lung injury. A model was devised to predict development of ALI using cytokine levels and SIRS score. RESULTS The levels of TNF α (p < 0.0001), IL-6 (p < 0.0001), IL-8 (p < 0.0001) and IL-1β (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the ALI group. IL-10 levels were significantly lower in persistent ALI (p-ALI) than in transient ALI (t-ALI) patients (p < 0.038). p-ALI group had significant rise of TNFα (p = 0.019) and IL-1β (p = 0.001) while t-ALI group had significant rise of only IL-1β (p = 0.044) on day 3 vs day 1. Combined values of IL-6 and IL-8 above 251 pg/ml had sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 100% to predict future development of ALI. Composite marker-I (IL6 ≥ 80 pg/ml + SIRS) yielded sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 98% whereas composite marker-II (IL8 ≥ 100 pg/ml + SIRS) yielded sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 95% to predict future ALI. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 and IL-8 can predict future development of ALI. When they are combined with SIRS, they can be used as comprehensive composite markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Samanta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Arora
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Muktesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narendra Dhaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saroj Kant Sinha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rakesh Kochhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Alexandre EC, Calmasini FB, Sponton ACDS, de Oliveira MG, André DM, Silva FH, Delbin MA, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Influence of the periprostatic adipose tissue in obesity-associated mouse urethral dysfunction and oxidative stress: Effect of resveratrol treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 836:25-33. [PMID: 30102890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obese mice display overactive bladder (OAB) associated with impaired urethra smooth muscle (USM) function. In this study, we evaluated the role of the adipose tissue surrounding the urethra and prostate in obese mice (here referred as periprostatic adipose tissue; PPAT) to the USM dysfunction. Male C57BL6/JUnib mice fed with either a standard-chow or high-fat diet to induce obesity were used. In PPAT, histological analysis, and qPCR analysis for gp91phox, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were conducted. In USM, concentration-response curves to contractile and relaxing agents, as well as measurements of reactive-oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) levels were performed. The higher PPAT area in obese mice was accompanied by augmented gp91phox (NOX2) and TNF-α expressions, together with decreased SOD1 expression. In USM of obese group, the contractile responses to phenylephrine and vasopressin were increased, whereas the relaxations induced with glyceryl trinitrate were reduced. The reactive-oxygen species and NO levels in USM of obese mice were increased and decreased, respectively. A higher SOD expression was also detected in obese group whilst no changes in the gp91phox levels were observed. We next evaluated the effects of the antioxidant resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day, two-weeks, PO) in the functional alterations and NO levels of obese mice. Resveratrol treatment in obese mice reversed both the functional USM dysfunction and the reduced NO production. Our data show that PPAT exerts a local inflammatory response and increases oxidative stress that lead to urethral dysfunction. Resveratrol could be an auxiliary option to prevent obesity-associated urethral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Amanda C da S Sponton
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Diana M André
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fábio H Silva
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Maria Andréia Delbin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil
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Dezfulian M. A new Alzheimer's disease cell model using B cells to induce beta amyloid plaque formation and increase TNF alpha expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:106-112. [PMID: 29653407 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Different cell models have been developed for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathways. The neuronal dysfunction and cell death mechanisms that are commonly found in this disease are due to the production of high levels of cytokines and the formation of amyloid plaques. In the cell model introduced in the present study, the production of these two important factors is induced by using B cells from an AD patient. The B cells of an Alzheimer's patient and a normal control were immortalized by using EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) to produce a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was evaluated at the RNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The AD LCL was cultured with SKNMC cells with and without treatment of TNF alpha siRNA. Amyloid plaque formation was monitored by Congo-red staining and microscopy. The amount of TNF alpha cytokine was significantly increased in the AD LCL compared to the normal LCL. The AD LCL induced the formation of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells. The AD LCL treated with TNF alpha siRNA and co-cultured with SKNMC cells decreased the size and number of amyloid plaques in SKNMC cells. This cellular model is an appropriate model for studying Alzheimer's disease and the mechanisms related to it, as well as for research on cytokine inhibitors, especially TNF alpha inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrouz Dezfulian
- Department of microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad university, Karaj, Iran.
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Kocijancic D, Leschner S, Felgner S, Komoll RM, Frahm M, Pawar V, Weiss S. Therapeutic benefit of Salmonella attributed to LPS and TNF-α is exhaustible and dictated by tumor susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36492-36508. [PMID: 28445131 PMCID: PMC5482671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of bacteria-mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) is highlighted by more than a century of investigation. Attenuated Salmonella has prevailed as promising therapeutic agents. For BMTT - categorized as an immune therapy - the exact contribution of particular immune reactions to the therapeutic effect remains ambiguous. In addition, one could argue for or against the requirement of bacterial viability and tumor targeting. Herein we evaluate the isolated therapeutic efficacy of purified LPS and TNF-α, which together account for a dominant immunogenic pathway of gram negative bacteria like Salmonella. We show that therapeutic efficacy against CT26 tumors does not require bacterial viability. Analogous to viable Salmonella SL7207, tumor regression by a specific CD8+ T cell response can be induced by purified LPS or recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). Conversely, therapeutic effects against RenCa tumors were abrogated upon bacterial avitalization and limited using isolated adjuvants. This argues for an alternative mechanistic explanation for SL7207 against RenCa that depends on viability and persistence. Unable to boost bacterial therapies by co-injection of rTNF-α suggested therapeutic effects along this axis are exhausted by the intrinsic adjuvanticity of bacteria alone. However, the importance of TNF-α for BMTT was highlighted by its support of tumor invasion and colonization in concert with lower infective doses of Salmonella. In consideration, bacterial therapeutic effectiveness along the axis of LPS and TNF-α appears limited, and does not offer the necessary plasticity for different tumors. This emphasizes a need for recombinant strengthening and vehicular exploitation to accommodate potency, plasticity and distinctiveness in BMTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Leschner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ronja-Melinda Komoll
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vinay Pawar
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to highlight relevant literature on the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular schwannomas (VS). Recent Findings A comprehensive review of publically available databases including PubMed was performed. The mechanism by which hearing loss occurs in VS is still unknown and likely multifactorial. Genetic differences between VSs and tumor secreted proteins may be responsible, at least in part, for VS-associated SNHL. TNFα has pleotropic roles in promoting inflammation, maintaining cellular homeostasis, inducing apoptosis, and mediating ototoxicity in patients with sporadic VS. TNFα-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in both animal models of sensorineural hearing loss and clinical trials in patients with immune-mediated hearing loss. Efforts are underway to develop novel nanotechnology-based methods to target TNFα and other pathogenic molecules in VS. Summary Development of molecularly targeted therapies against TNFα represents an important area of research in ameliorating VS-associated hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Goddio MV, Gattelli A, Tocci JM, Cuervo LP, Stedile M, Stumpo DJ, Hynes NE, Blackshear PJ, Meiss RP, Kordon EC. Expression of the mRNA stability regulator Tristetraprolin is required for lactation maintenance in the mouse mammary gland. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8278-8289. [PMID: 29492194 PMCID: PMC5823555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA-binding protein that negatively controls levels of inflammatory factors, is highly expressed in the lactating mouse mammary gland. To determine the biological relevance of this expression profile, we developed bi-transgenic mice in which this protein is specifically down-regulated in the secretory mammary epithelium in the secretory mammary epithelium during lactation. Our data show that TTP conditional KO mice produced underweight litters, possibly due to massive mammary cell death induced during lactation without the requirement of additional stimuli. This effect was linked to overexpression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of STAT3 and down-regulation of AKT phosphorylation. Importantly, blocking TNFα activity in the lactating conditional TTP KO mice inhibited cell death and similar effects were observed when this treatment was applied to wild-type animals during 48 h after weaning. Therefore, our results demonstrate that during lactation TTP wards off early involution by preventing the increase of local inflammatory factors. In addition, our data reveal the relevance of locally secreted TNFα for triggering programmed cell death after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Goddio
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Albana Gattelli
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna M Tocci
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Pérez Cuervo
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Stedile
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Edith C Kordon
- IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Parnell EA, Walch EM, Lo DD. Inducible Colonic M Cells Are Dependent on TNFR2 but Not Ltβr, Identifying Distinct Signalling Requirements for Constitutive Versus Inducible M Cells. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:751-760. [PMID: 27932454 PMCID: PMC5881705 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS M cells associated with organised lymphoid tissues such as intestinal Peyer's patches provide surveillance of the intestinal lumen. Inflammation or infection in the colon can induce an M cell population associated with lymphoid infiltrates; paradoxically, induction is dependent on the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α. Anti-TNFα blockade is an important therapeutic in inflammatory bowel disease, so understanding the effects of TNFα signalling is important in refining therapeutics. METHODS To dissect pro-inflammatory signals from M cell inductive signals, we used confocal microscopy image analysis to assess requirements for specific cytokine receptor signals using TNF receptor 1 [TNFR1] and 2 [TNFR2] knockouts [ko] back-crossed to the PGRP-S-dsRed transgene; separate groups were treated with soluble lymphotoxin β receptor [sLTβR] to block LTβR signalling. All groups were treated with dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] to induce colitis. RESULTS Deficiency of TNFR1 or TNFR2 did not prevent DSS-induced inflammation nor induction of stromal cell expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand [RANKL], but absence of TNFR2 prevented M cell induction. LTβR blockade had no effect on M cell induction, but it appeared to reduce RANKL induction below adjacent M cells. CONCLUSIONS TNFR2 is required for inflammation-inducible M cells, indicating that constitutive versus inflammation-inducible M cells depend on different triggers. The inducible M cell dependence on TNFR2 suggests that this specific subset is dependent on TNFα in addition to a presumed requirement for RANKL. Since inducible M cell function will influence immune responses, selective blockade of TNFα may affect colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn A. Parnell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine,Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Erin M. Walch
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine,Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - David D. Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside School of Medicine,Riverside, CA, USA.
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Ghamari E, Farnia P, saif S, Marashian M, Ghanavi J, Farnia P, Velayati AA. Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNP] at TNF-α promoter region with TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis; using PCR-RFLP technique. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 5:55-61. [PMID: 28078191 PMCID: PMC5218852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Since apoptosis and survival of the immune cells are crucially important in prevention or predisposition of individual from/to infections, especially in intracellular ones, the current study was performed to assess the correlation of host genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to TB. For this reason, we investigated the difference of the single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in tumor necrosis factors [TNF-α] genes at (-238, -308, -857 and -863 position) and tumor necrosis factors receptors two [TNFR2] at (T 587 G position) between patients [n=151] and control [n=83]. The genotyping was studied by using PCR-RFLP which had high sensitivity in detecting compared with other techniques. The results showed a strong correlation between two polymorphisms in different loci of TNF-α gene including TNF-α T-857 C and A 238 G. But no association were found in TNFR2 genes with susceptibility to TB. And we found no correlation between TNFR2 and TNF-α gene polymorphisms. Therefore, the TNF-α T 857 C and A 238 G SNPs could be promising marker for identifying risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghamari
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Shima saif
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Marashian
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Jaladein Ghanavi
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Centre (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
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Gutlapalli VR, Sykam A, Tenali SP, Suneetha S, Suneetha LM. High levels of plasma interferon gamma and +874T/A gene polymorphism is associated with HIV-TB co-infection. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1264-1270. [PMID: 27521485 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in HIV patients leading to increased morbidity and death rate. This study was carried out to investigate the role of the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α level and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HIV-TB co-infection. METHODS 247 HIV-TB (124 HIV-pulmonary TB, 123 HIV-extra pulmonary TB), 126 HIV positive individuals without tuberculosis and 129 healthy subjects (HS) were included to measure plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α by sandwich ELISA and One way ANOVA statistical analysis was carried out among the groups. The SNPs of TNF-α-308 G/A, -238 G/A and IFN-γ+874 T/A were also investigated using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The frequencies between the groups were compared by Pearson's chi square statistical analysis. RESULTS Plasma IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly elevated in HIV-TB and TB (p<0.05) as compared to those in HS group. There was significant association between IFN-γ+874 'A' allele and AA genotype in HIV-TB groups compared to HS and HIV (p<0.05) and no such association was found for TNF-α-308 and -238. The plasma cytokine levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ reveals no significant association with levels of IFN-γ+874 T/A, TNF-α -308 G/Aand-238 G/A genotypes in any of the study groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study revealed elevated plasma IFN-γ and its +874 'A' allele are associated with HIV-TB co-infection indicating 1.6 times increased risk for TB susceptibility. Elevated TNF-α levels in TB and HIV-TB suggest its involvement in TB pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Gutlapalli
- CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Aparna Sykam
- CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Sandeep P Tenali
- CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India; Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Sujai Suneetha
- CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India
| | - Lavanya M Suneetha
- CODEWEL Nireekshana-ACET, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana 500029, India.
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Ratliff M, Alter S, McAvoy K, Frasca D, Wright JA, Zinkel SS, Khan WN, Blomberg BB, Riley RL. In aged mice, low surrogate light chain promotes pro-B-cell apoptotic resistance, compromises the PreBCR checkpoint, and favors generation of autoreactive, phosphorylcholine-specific B cells. Aging Cell 2015; 14:382-90. [PMID: 25727904 PMCID: PMC4406667 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In aged mice, new B-cell development is diminished and the antibody repertoire becomes more autoreactive. Our studies suggest that (i) apoptosis contributes to reduced B lymphopoiesis in old age and preferentially eliminates those B-cell precursors with higher levels of the surrogate light chain (SLC) proteins (λ5/VpreB) and (ii) λ5(low) B-cell precursors generate new B cells which show increased reactivity to the self-antigen/bacterial antigen phosphorylcholine (PC). Pro-B cells in old bone marrow as well as pro-B cells from young adult λ5-deficient mice are resistant to cytokine-induced apoptosis (TNFα; TGFβ), indicating that low λ5 expression in pro-B cells is sufficient to cause increased survival. Transfer of TNFα-producing 'age-associated B cells' (ABC; CD21/35(-) CD23(-)) or follicular (FO) B cells from aged mice into RAG-2 KO recipients led to preferential loss of λ5(high) pro-B cells, but retention of λ5(low), apoptosis-resistant pro-B cells. In old mice, there is increased reactivity to PC in both immature bone marrow B cells and mature splenic FO B cells. In young mice, absence of λ5 expression led to a similar increase in PC reactivity among bone marrow and splenic B cells. We propose that in old age, increased apoptosis, mediated in part by TNFα-producing B cells, results in preferential loss of SLC(high) pro-B cells within the bone marrow. Further B-cell development then occurs via an 'SLC(low)' pathway that not only impairs B-cell generation, but promotes autoreactivity within the naïve antibody repertoires in the bone marrow and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ratliff
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Sarah Alter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Kelly McAvoy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Wright
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Sandra S. Zinkel
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN 37232 USA
| | - Wasif N. Khan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Richard L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA
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Asgeri M, Pourafkari L, Kundra A, Javadzadegan H, Negargar S, Nader ND. Dual effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on myocardial injury following prolonged hypoperfusion of the heart. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:23-35. [PMID: 24949667 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.921689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the dose response of TNFα in an ex vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-two rat hearts were mounted on Langendorff apparatus and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solutions. Ischemia was induced by reducing the perfusate flow rate. During reperfusion, incremental doses of recombinant TNFα were infused as a part of perfusate. TNFα was blocked with monoclonal TNFα antibody. Myocardial function was measured by dP/dT and relaxation time (IVRT). Cellular injury was assessed by released myoglobin and tissue concentration of malondialdehyde activity of the heart homogenates. Baseline +dP/dT was 1645 ± 125 mmHg/sec, -dP/dT was 945 ± 73 mmHg/sec and IVRT was 65 ± 5 msec. At the conclusion of reperfusion period, lower doses of TNFα increased +dP/dT and lowered IVRT. In contrast, the higher doses of TNFα decreased +dP/dT and prolonged IVRT. Pretreating the hearts with monoclonal TNFα antibody completely abolished the effects of TNFα on myocardial contractility and relaxation comparable to ischemia controls. CONCLUSION Low dose TNFα improved myocardial function and decreased resultant cellular injury while high dose TNFα decreased myocardial function and increased myocardial injury following ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Asgeri
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals , Cleveland, Ohio , USA
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Myers SP, O'Connor J, Fitton JH, Brooks L, Rolfe M, Connellan P, Wohlmuth H, Cheras PA, Morris C. A combined phase I and II open label study on the effects of a seaweed extract nutrient complex on osteoarthritis. Biologics 2010; 4:33-44. [PMID: 20376172 PMCID: PMC2846142 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Isolated fucoidans from brown marine algae have been shown to have a range of anti-inflammatory effects. Purpose: This present study tested a Maritech® extract formulation, containing a blend of extracts from three different species of brown algae, plus nutrients in an open label combined phase I and II pilot scale study to determine both acute safety and efficacy in osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients and methods: Participants (n = 12, five females [mean age, 62 ± 11.06 years] and seven males [mean age, 57.14 ± 9.20 years]) with a confirmed diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee were randomized to either 100 mg (n = 5) or 1000 mg (n = 7) of a Maritech® extract formulation per day. The formulation contained Maritech® seaweed extract containing Fucus vesiculosis (85% w/w), Macrocystis pyrifera (10% w/w) and Laminaria japonica (5% w/w) plus vitamin B6, zinc and manganese. Primary outcome was the average comprehensive arthritis test (COAT) score which is comprised of four sub-scales: pain, stiffness, difficulty with physical activity and overall symptom severity measured weekly. Safety measures included full blood count, serum lipids, liver function tests, urea, creatinine and electrolytes determined at baseline and week 12. All adverse events were recorded. Results: Eleven participants completed 12 weeks and one completed 10 weeks of the study. Using a multilevel linear model, the average COAT score was reduced by 18% for the 100 mg treatment and 52% for the 1000 mg dose at the end of the study. There was a clear dose response effect seen between the two treatments (P ≤ 0.0005) on the average COAT score and each of the four COAT subscales (pain, stiffness, difficulty with physical activity and overall symptom severity) (P ≤ 0.05). The preparation was well tolerated and the few adverse events were unlikely to be related to the study medication. There were no changes in blood parameters measured over the course of the study with the exception of an increase in serum albumin which was not clinically significant. Conclusion: The seaweed extract nutrient complex when taken orally over twelve weeks decreased the symptoms of osteoarthritis in a dose-dependent manner. It was demonstrated to be safe to use over the study period at the doses tested. The efficacy of the preparation now needs to be demonstrated in a phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT). Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register: ACTRN12607000229471.
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Abstract
Infections are a major adverse effect during the treatment with anti-TNF-α. While exclusion of any bacterial infection and screening for tuberculosis are mandatory before initiating a therapy with anti-TNF- α-antibodies, there are no guidelines whether to screen for or how to deal with chronic viral infections such as hepatitis B. In this case report, we have described a patient with Crohn's disease who developed subfulminant hepatitis B after the fourth infusion of infliximab due to an unrecognized HBs-antigen carrier state. He recovered completely after lamivudine therapy was started, but this severe adverse event could have been prevented if screening for HBV and pre-emptive therapy with lamivudine would have been started prior to infliximab. We therefore strongly argue in favor of extended screening recommendations for infectious diseases including viral infections before considering a therapy with infliximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunda Millonig
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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