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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cardiovascular diseases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Furthermore, some cancer therapies are now being increasingly recognized to have negative cardiovascular effects, or cardiotoxicity. Exercise therapy has been found to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cancer as well as attenuate the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy. It is the centerpiece for cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. It is also an important component in cardio-oncology rehabilitation. Exercise is generally safe, and its benefit is observed when started as soon as the diagnosis of cancer and throughout cancer survivorship.
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May C, Brcic V, Lau B. Characteristics and complexity of chronic pain patients referred to a community-based multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic. Can J Pain 2018; 2:125-134. [PMID: 35005372 PMCID: PMC8730665 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2018.1453751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based care fills an important service gap for patients living with chronic pain. Better understanding of unmet patient needs in the community may inform improved policy and resource allocation. AIMS The aim of this study was to describe patients presenting to a community-based, multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic in Vancouver, British Columbia. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 935 unique consecutive patients who completed an intake questionnaire between January 2016 and March 2017. All data were patient reported. RESULTS Nine hundred thirty-five patient records were analyzed for descriptive characteristics. The mean age of the population was 49.5 (SD = 14.9) years; 70% were female. Approximately 50% of patients lived below the poverty line in Vancouver; 30% were not working due to disability, 51% had pain for more than 5 years, and 63% reported severe functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS Substantial unmet need is demonstrated in this patient population accessing a community-based chronic pain clinic. The population described is mainly of working age with significant functional impairment, reflecting a high level of need due to severity and duration of symptoms, poverty, and other characteristics described.
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Fung HT, Lam KK, Wong OF, Lau B, Kam CW. A Case of Fatal Hydroxychloroquine Overdose. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490790701400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old woman ingested 20 g of hydroxychloroquine sulphate for suicidal attempt. She developed hypotension, cardiac conduction disturbance, hypokalemia and hypoglycemia. Despite treatment with mechanical ventilation, epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, diazepam and potassium replacement, she succumbed 10 hours post-overdose. Previous case reports of hydroxychloroquine overdose are summarised and the therapeutic choices are discussed.
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Lau B. CAREGIVING WITH GRATEFULNESS: THE ROLE OF GRATITUDE IN COPING WITH DEMENTIA CAREGIVING. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soerjadi N, Lau B, Srikusalanukul W, Fisher A. RENAL IMPAIRMENT AND ANAEMIA IN HOSPITALISED OLDER PATIENTS: IMPACT ON SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mustafa M, Shearer D, Kahn J, Lau B, Wu HH, Chokotho L. Cost Analysis of Intramedullary (IM) Nailing and Skeletal Traction for
Treatment of Femoral Shaft Fractures in Malawi. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Loh E, Guy SD, Mehta S, Moulin DE, Bryce TN, Middleton JW, Siddall PJ, Hitzig SL, Widerström-Noga E, Finnerup NB, Kras-Dupuis A, Casalino A, Craven BC, Lau B, Côté I, Harvey D, O'Connell C, Orenczuk S, Parrent AG, Potter P, Short C, Teasell R, Townson A, Truchon C, Bradbury CL, Wolfe D. The CanPain SCI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation Management of Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord: introduction, methodology and recommendation overview. Spinal Cord 2017; 54 Suppl 1:S1-6. [PMID: 27444714 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Clinical practice guidelines. OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop the first Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING The guidelines are relevant for inpatient and outpatient SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada. METHODS The guidelines were developed in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. A Steering Committee and Working Group reviewed the relevant evidence on neuropathic pain management (encompassing screening and diagnosis, treatment and models of care) after SCI. The quality of evidence was scored using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A consensus process was followed to achieve agreement on recommendations and clinical considerations. RESULTS The Working Group developed 12 recommendations for screening and diagnosis, 12 recommendations for treatment and 5 recommendations for models of care. Important clinical considerations accompany each recommendation. CONCLUSIONS The Working Group recommendations for the management of neuropathic pain after SCI should be used to inform practice.
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Krishna BA, Spiess K, Poole EL, Lau B, Voigt S, Kledal TN, Rosenkilde MM, Sinclair JH. Targeting the latent cytomegalovirus reservoir with an antiviral fusion toxin protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14321. [PMID: 28148951 PMCID: PMC5296658 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in transplant recipients can cause life-threatening disease. Consequently, for transplant recipients, killing latently infected cells could have far-reaching clinical benefits. In vivo, myeloid cells and their progenitors are an important site of HCMV latency, and one viral gene expressed by latently infected myeloid cells is US28. This viral gene encodes a cell surface G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds chemokines, triggering its endocytosis. We show that the expression of US28 on the surface of latently infected cells allows monocytes and their progenitor CD34+ cells to be targeted and killed by F49A-FTP, a highly specific fusion toxin protein that binds this viral GPCR. As expected, this specific targeting of latently infected cells by F49A-FTP also robustly reduces virus reactivation in vitro. Consequently, such specific fusion toxin proteins could form the basis of a therapeutic strategy for eliminating latently infected cells before haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Zhao L, Ji G, Le X, Luo Z, Wang C, Feng M, Xu L, Zhang Y, Lau WB, Lau B, Yang Y, Lei L, Yang H, Xuan Y, Chen Y, Deng X, Yi T, Yao S, Zhao X, Wei Y, Zhou S. An integrated analysis identifies STAT4 as a key regulator of ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:3384-3396. [PMID: 28114283 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers, with diagnosis often at a late stage. Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with EOC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we utilized an integrated approach to find potential key transcription factors involved in ovarian cancer metastasis and identified STAT4 as a critical player in ovarian cancer metastasis. We found that activated STAT4 was overexpressed in epithelial cells of ovarian cancer and STAT4 overexpression was associated with poor outcome of ovarian cancer patients, which promoted metastasis of ovarian cancer in both in vivo and in vitro. Although STAT4 mediated EOC metastasis via inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells in vivo, STAT4 failed to induce EMT directly in vitro, suggesting that STAT4 might mediate EMT process via cancer-stroma interactions. Further functional analysis revealed that STAT4 overexpression induced normal omental fibroblasts and adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to obtain cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF)-like features via induction of tumor-derived Wnt7a. Reciprocally, increased production of CAF-induced CXCL12, IL6 and VEGFA within tumor microenvironment could enable peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer via induction of EMT program. In summary, our study established a model that STAT4 promotes ovarian cancer metastasis via tumor-derived Wnt7a-induced activation of CAFs.
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Canan CE, Lau B, McCaul ME, Keruly J, Moore RD, Chander G. Effect of alcohol consumption on all-cause and liver-related mortality among HIV-infected individuals. HIV Med 2016; 18:332-341. [PMID: 27679418 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the association between levels of past and current alcohol consumption and all-cause and liver-related mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS A prospective cohort study of 1855 PLWH in Baltimore, MD was carried out from 2000 to 2013. We ascertained alcohol use by (1) self-report (SR) through a computer-assisted self interview, and (2) medical record abstraction of provider-documented (PD) alcohol use. SR alcohol consumption was categorized as heavy (men: > 4 drinks/day or > 14 drinks/week; women: > 3 drinks/day or > 7 drinks/week), moderate (any alcohol consumption less than heavy), and none. We calculated the cumulative incidence of liver-related mortality and fitted adjusted cause-specific regression models to account for competing risks. RESULTS All-cause and liver-related mortality rates (MRs) were 43.0 and 7.2 per 1000 person-years (PY), respectively. All-cause mortality was highest among SR nondrinkers with PD recent (< 6 months) heavy drinking (MR = 85.4 deaths/1000 PY) and lowest among SR moderate drinkers with no PD history of heavy drinking (MR = 23.0 deaths/1000 PY). Compared with SR moderate drinkers with no PD history of heavy drinking, SR nondrinkers and moderate drinkers with PD recent heavy drinking had higher liver-related mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 7.28 and 3.52, respectively]. However, SR nondrinkers and moderate drinkers with a PD drinking history of > 6 months ago showed similar rates of liver-related mortality (HR = 1.06 and 2.00, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Any heavy alcohol consumption was associated with all-cause mortality among HIV-infected individuals, while only recent heavy consumption was associated with liver-related mortality. Because mortality risk among nondrinkers varies substantially by drinking history, current consumption alone is insufficient to assess risk.
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Krishna BA, Lau B, Jackson SE, Wills MR, Sinclair JH, Poole E. Transient activation of human cytomegalovirus lytic gene expression during latency allows cytotoxic T cell killing of latently infected cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24674. [PMID: 27091512 PMCID: PMC4835774 DOI: 10.1038/srep24674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency in the myeloid lineage is maintained by repressive histone modifications around the major immediate early promoter (MIEP), which results in inhibition of the lytic viral life cycle. We now show that pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) relieves this repression of the MIEP and induces transient expression of the viral lytic immediate early (IE) antigens but, importantly, not full virus reactivation. In turn, these latently infected cells now become targets for IE-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) which are present at high frequency in all normal healthy HCMV positive carriers but would normally be unable to target latent (lytic antigen-negative) cells. This approach of transiently inducing viral lytic gene expression by HDAC inhibition, in otherwise latently infected cells, offers a window of opportunity to target and purge the latent myeloid cell reservoir by making these normally immunologically undetectable cells visible to pre-existing host immune responses to viral lytic antigens.
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Roe C, Myhre K, Marchand GH, Lau B, Leivseth G, Bautz-Holter E. Measurement Properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work: A Rasch Analysis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED MEASUREMENT 2016; 17:227-238. [PMID: 28009586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPS Nordic) and the domains of demand, control and support. The Rasch analysis (RUMM 2030) was based on responses from 226 subjects with back pain who completed the QPS Nordic dimensions of demand, control, and social support (30 items) at one year follow up. The Rasch analysis revealed disordered thresholds in a total of 25 of the 30 items. The domains of demand, control and support fit the Rasch model when analyzed separately. The demand domain was well targeted, whereas patients with current neck and back pain had lower control and higher support than reflected by the questions. Two items revealed DIF by gender, otherwise invariance to age, gender, occupation and sick-leave was documented. The demand, control support domains of QPS Nordic comprised unidimensional constructs with adequate measurement properties.
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Virbel-Fleischman C, Collomb-Clerc A, Fernandez-Vidal S, Belaid H, Lau B, Bardinet E, Karachi C, Welter ML. Dysfonctionnement du noyau sous-thalamique et troubles de la marche et de l’équilibre chez les patients avec maladie de Parkinson : une étude électrophysiologique chez l’homme. Neurophysiol Clin 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Koethe JR, Jenkins CA, Lau B, Shepherd BE, Silverberg MJ, Brown TT, Blashill AJ, Anema A, Willig A, Stinnette S, Napravnik S, Gill J, Crane HM, Sterling TR. Body mass index and early CD4 T-cell recovery among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in North America, 1998-2010. HIV Med 2015; 16:572-7. [PMID: 25960080 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue affects several aspects of the cellular immune system, but prior epidemiological studies have differed on whether a higher body mass index (BMI) promotes CD4 T-cell recovery on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this analysis was to assess the relationship between BMI at ART initiation and early changes in CD4 T-cell count. METHODS We used the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) data set to analyse the relationship between pre-treatment BMI and 12-month CD4 T-cell recovery among adults who started ART between 1998 and 2010 and maintained HIV-1 RNA levels < 400 copies/mL for at least 6 months. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for age, race, sex, baseline CD4 count and HIV RNA level, year of ART initiation, ART regimen and clinical site. RESULTS A total of 8381 participants from 13 cohorts contributed data; 85% were male, 52% were nonwhite, 32% were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2) ) and 15% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2) ). Pretreatment BMI was associated with 12-month CD4 T-cell change (P < 0.001), but the relationship was nonlinear (P < 0.001). Compared with a reference of 22 kg/m(2) , a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) was associated with a 36 cells/μL [95% confidence interval (CI) 14, 59 cells/μL] greater CD4 T-cell count recovery among women and a 19 cells/μL (95% CI 9, 30 cells/μL) greater recovery among men at 12 months. At a BMI > 30 kg/m(2) , the observed benefit was attenuated among men to a greater degree than among women, although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS A BMI of approximately 30 kg/m(2) at ART initiation was associated with greater CD4 T-cell recovery at 12 months compared with higher or lower BMI values, suggesting that body composition may affect peripheral CD4 T-cell recovery.
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Demain A, Ewenczyk C, Welter ML, El Helou A, Lau B, François C, Karachi C, Grabli D. Effet de la stimulation du noyau pédonculopontin à basse fréquence sur les troubles de la marche et de l’équilibre au stade avancé de la maladie de Parkinson. Neurophysiol Clin 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Lau B, Overby CL, Wirtz HS, Devine EB. The association between use of a clinical decision support tool and adherence to monitoring for medication-laboratory guidelines in the ambulatory setting. Appl Clin Inform 2013; 4:476-98. [PMID: 24454577 PMCID: PMC3885910 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2013-06-ra-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage 2 Meaningful Use criteria require the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSS) on high priority health conditions to improve clinical quality measures. Although CDSS hold great promise, implementation has been fraught with challenges, evidence of their impact is mixed, and the optimal method of content delivery is unknown. OBJECTIVE The authors investigated whether implementation of a simple clinical decision support (CDS) tool was associated with improved prescriber adherence to national medication-laboratory monitoring guidelines for safety (hepatic function, renal function, myalgias/rhabdomyolysis) and intermediate outcomes for antidiabetic (Hemoglobin A(1c); HbA(1c)) and antihyperlipidemic (low density lipoprotein; LDL) medications prescribed within a diabetes registry. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study conducted in three phases of CDS implementation (2008-2009): pre-, transition-, and post-Prescriptions evaluated were ordered from an electronic health record within a multispecialty medical group. Adherence was evaluated within and without applying guideline-imposed time constraints. RESULTS Forty-thousand prescriptions were ordered over three timeframes. For hepatic and renal function, the proportion of prescriptions for which labs were monitored at any time increased from 52% to 65% (p<0.001); those that met time guidelines, from 14% to 21% (p<0.001). Only 6% of required labs were drawn to monitor for myalgias/rhabdomyolysis, regardless of timeframe. Over 90% of safety labs were within normal limits. The proportion of labs monitored at any time for LDL increased from 56% to 64% (p<0.001); those that met time guidelines from 11% to 17% (p<0.001). The proportion of labs monitored at any time for HbA(1c) remained the same (72%); those that met time guidelines decreased from 45% to 41% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION A simple CDS tool may be associated with improved adherence to guidelines. Efforts are needed to confirm findings and improve the timeliness of monitoring; investigations to optimize alerts should be ongoing.
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Lau B, Jue J. 662 Utility of Doppler Mitral Inflow Pattern in Assessing Mitral Regurgitation. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Fok MC, Lan J, Choi H, Tsai G, Lau B, Fitzgerald M. Improving Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chest 2010. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Lau B, Bakic P, Reiser I, Carton AK, Maidment A, Nishikawa R. TH-D-201B-08: An Anthropomorphic Software Breast Phantom for Tomosynthesis Simulation: Power Spectrum Analysis of Phantom Reconstructions. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Touryan J, Lau B, Dan Y. Nonlinear analysis of complex cells in cat visual cortex. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lau B, Jäger G, Thiel E, Rodt H, Huhn D, Pachmann K, Netzel B, Böning L, Thierfelder S, Dörmer P. Growth of the Reh Cell Line in Diffusion Chambers: Evidence for Differentiation Along the T- and B-Cell Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1979.tb02863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lau B, Reiser I, Nishikawa R. TH-C-332-09: The Effect of Variable Exposure Distribution On Microcalcification Detectability in Tomosynthesis. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Lau B, Becchetti F. SU-FF-T-405: The Effect of Magnetic Field On Relative Biological Effectiveness in Yeast Cells. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sterud T, Hem E, Ekeberg A, Lau B. Occupational stress and alcohol use: A study of two nationwide samples of operational ambulance personnel and police in norway. Eur Psychiatry 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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