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Zuk M, Bailey NW, Gray B, Rotenberry JT. Sexual signal loss: The link between behaviour and rapid evolutionary dynamics in a field cricket. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:623-633. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gray B, Viljanto M, Menzies E, Vanhaecke L. Detection of prohibited substances in equine hair by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry - application to doping control samples. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1050-1060. [PMID: 29430877 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The detection of drugs in human hair samples has been performed by laboratories around the world for many years and the matrix is popular in disciplines, such as workplace drug testing. To date, however, hair has not become a routinely utilised matrix in sports drug detection. The analysis of hair samples offers several potential advantages to doping control laboratories, not least of which are the greatly extended detection window and the ease of sample collection and storage. This article describes the development, validation, and utilisation of a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of 50 compounds. This provides significantly improved coverage for those analytes which would be of particular interest if detected in hair, such as anabolic steroid esters and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Qualitative validation of the method resulted in estimated limits of detection as low as 0.1 pg/mg for the majority of compounds, with all being detected at 2 pg/mg or below. The suitability of the method for the detection of prohibited substances in incurred material was demonstrated by the successful detection of several compounds, such as stanozolol, boldenone undecylenate, clenbuterol, and GW-501516, in genuine equine hair samples. Estimated concentrations of the detected substances ranged from 0.27 to 8.6 pg/mg. The method has been shown to be fit-for-purpose for routine screening of equine hair samples by the analysis of over 400 genuine hair samples.
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Gray B, Cadd V, Elliott M, Beard M. The in vitro detection of botulinum neurotoxin-cleaved endogenous VAMP is epitope-dependent. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:255-261. [PMID: 29373835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro potency of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotypes is often measured by monitoring cleavage of their soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein substrates. A frequently used method is Western blot, whereby the full-length protein and cleaved form migrate at different molecular weights. Until now, it has been extremely difficult to detect the cleaved cellular form of the SNARE protein vesicle associated membrane protein 1, 2 or 3 (VAMP1, 2 or 3) by Western blot. These VAMP isoforms are the substrates of BoNT serotypes BoNT/B, D, F and G as well as tetanus neurotoxin. Using custom made anti-VAMP antibodies against epitopes either side of the cleavage sites for BoNT/B, BoNT/D and BoNT/F, we have successfully detected the cleaved C-terminal VAMP fragment in cortical neurons. These new antibodies enable quantitative assessment of the potency of VAMP-cleaving neurotoxins by a gain of signal Western blot assay.
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Othman F, Raleigh J, Femia J, Semsarian C, Gray B, Langlois N, Puranik R. Utility of Postmortem CT and MR in the Diagnosis of Unexpected Death. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Palmieri L, Elvas F, Vangestel C, Pak K, Gray B, Stroobants S, Staelens S, wyffels L. [ 99m Tc]duramycin for cell death imaging: Impact of kit formulation, purification and species difference. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hamann-Borrero JE, Macke S, Gray B, Kareev M, Schierle E, Partzsch S, Zwiebler M, Treske U, Koitzsch A, Büchner B, Freeland JW, Chakhalian J, Geck J. Site-selective spectroscopy with depth resolution using resonant x-ray reflectometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13792. [PMID: 29061996 PMCID: PMC5653850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining dissimilar transition metal oxides (TMOs) into artificial heterostructures enables to create electronic interface systems with new electronic properties that do not exist in bulk. A detailed understanding of how such interfaces can be used to tailor physical properties requires characterization techniques capable to yield interface sensitive spectroscopic information with monolayer resolution. In this regard resonant x-ray reflectivity (RXR) provides a unique experimental tool to achieve exactly this. It yields the element specific electronic depth profiles in a non-destructive manner. Here, using a YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) thin film, we demonstrate that RXR is further capable to deliver site selectivity. By applying a new analysis scheme to RXR, which takes the atomic structure of the material into account, together with information of the local charge anisotropy of the resonant ions, we obtained spectroscopic information from the different Cu sites (e.g., chain and plane) throughout the film profile. While most of the film behaves bulk-like, we observe that the Cu-chains at the surface show characteristics of electron doping, whereas the Cu-planes closest to the surface exhibit an orbital reconstruction similar to that observed at La1−xCaxMnO3/YBCO interfaces.
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Gray B, Gnanappa G, Bagnall R, Yeates L, Ingles J, Burns C, Puranik R, Grieve S, Semsarian C, Sy R. 1216Non-invasive multimodality assessment in brugada Syndrome: insights into pathogenic basis and risk stratification. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cocola C, Molgora S, Piscitelli E, Veronesi MC, Greco M, Bragato C, Moro M, Crosti M, Gray B, Milanesi L, Grieco V, Luvoni GC, Kehler J, Bellipanni G, Reinbold R, Zucchi I, Giordano A. FGF2 and EGF Are Required for Self-Renewal and Organoid Formation of Canine Normal and Tumor Breast Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:570-584. [PMID: 27632571 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that human tumors are generated from cancer cells with stem cell (SC) properties. Spontaneously occurring cancers in dogs contain a diversity of cells that like for human tumors suggest that certain canine tumors are also generated from cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs, like normal SCs, have the capacity for self-renewal as mammospheres in suspension cultures. To understand how cells with SC properties contribute to canine mammary gland tumor development and progression, comparative analysis between normal SCs and CSCs, obtained from the same individual, is essential. We have utilized the property of sphere formation to develop culture conditions for propagating stem/progenitor cells from canine normal and tumor tissue. We show that cells from dissociated mammospheres retain sphere reformation capacity for several serial passages and have the capacity to generate organoid structures ex situ. Utilizing various culture conditions for passaging SCs and CSCs, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were found to positively or negatively regulate mammosphere regeneration, organoid formation, and multi-lineage differentiation potential. The response of FGF2 and EGF on SCs and CSCs was different, with increased FGF2 and EGF self-renewal promoted in SCs and repressed in CSCs. Our protocol for propagating SCs from normal and tumor canine breast tissue will provide new opportunities in comparative mammary gland stem cell analysis between species and anticancer treatment and therapies for dogs. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 570-584, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Elvas F, Boddaert J, Vangestel C, Pak K, Gray B, Kumar-Singh S, Staelens S, Stroobants S, Wyffels L. 99mTc-Duramycin SPECT Imaging of Early Tumor Response to Targeted Therapy: A Comparison with 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:665-670. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gray B, Hubbard J. A New Perspective to Predict Resting Energy Requirements Using a Validated Activity Questionnaire. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gray B, Bagnall R, Lam L, Ingles J, Turner C, Haan E, Davis A, Yang P, Clancy C, Sy R, Semsarian C. A Novel Heterozygous Mutation in Cardiac Calsequestrin Causes Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Allahwala U, Namkoong J, Gray B, Soo Hoo S, Choong C, Bhindi R, Tofler G. Acute Pericarditis: Predictors of the Presence of a Pericardial Effusion – The Experience in a Tertiary Centre. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sullivan TM, Bacharach JM, Perl J, Gray B. Endovascular Management of Unusual Aneurysms of the Axillary and Subclavian Arteries. J Endovasc Ther 2016; 3:389-95. [PMID: 8959496 DOI: 10.1177/152660289600300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Aneurysms of the upper extremity arteries are uncommon and may be difficult to manage with standard surgical techniques. We report the exclusion of three axillary-subclavian aneurysms with covered stents. Methods and Results: Palmaz stents were covered with either polytetrafluoroethylene (2 cases) or brachial vein and deployed to exclude pseudoaneurysms in 1 axillary (ruptured) and 2 left subclavian arteries. Two of the patients had advanced cancer and died within 52 days and 3 months of treatment, but their aneurysms were occluded at the time of their death. The repair in the third patient is patent at 9 months. Conclusions: Endovascular exclusion of axillary and subclavian aneurysms with covered stents may offer a useful alternative to operative repair, particularly in patients with significant comorbidities.
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Kim J, Hayek S, Awad M, Ahmed H, Gray B, Chaudhry A, Aida H, Bhimani R, Hartsfield J, Bliwise D, Quyyumi A. PS006 You Snooze You Lose: Long Duration of Sleep, Not Short, is Associated with Long-Term Mortality, Independent of Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Coronary Artery Disease and Inflammation. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Coleman K, Darlow B, McKinlay E, Gallagher P, Perry M, Beckingsale L, Gray B, Neser H, Donovan S, Stanley J, Pullon S. OC-0372: Changes in student attitudes following a pre-registration interprofessional learning experience. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coleman K, Darlow B, McKinlay E, Beckingsale L, Donovan S, Gallagher P, Gray B, Neser H, Perry M, Pullon S. EP-2102: “We’re all here for the patient”: exploring the process of interprofessional learning. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elvas F, Vangestel C, Pak K, Vermeulen P, Gray B, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Wyffels L. Early Prediction of Tumor Response to Treatment: Preclinical Validation of 99mTc-Duramycin. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:805-11. [PMID: 26837335 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.168344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Noninvasive imaging of cell death can provide an early indication of the efficacy of tumor treatment, aiding clinicians in distinguishing responding patients from nonresponding patients early on. (99m)Tc-duramycin is a SPECT tracer for cell death imaging. In this study, our aim was to validate the use of (99m)Tc-duramycin for imaging the early response of tumors to treatment. METHODS An in vitro binding assay was performed on COLO205 cells treated with 5-fluorouracil (3.1, 31, or 310 μM) and oxaliplatin (0.7 or 7 μM) or radiation (2 or 4.5 Gy). (99m)Tc-duramycin cell binding and the levels of cell death were evaluated after treatment. In vivo imaging was performed on 4 groups of CD1-deficient mice bearing COLO205 human colorectal cancer tumors. Each group included 6 tumors. The first group was given irinotecan (100 mg/kg), the second oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg), the third irinotecan (80 mg/kg) plus oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg), and the fourth vehicle (0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose). For radiotherapy studies, COLO205 tumors received 4.5 Gy, 2 fractions of 4.5 Gy in a 24-h interval, pretreatment with an 80 mg/kg dose of irinotecan combined with 2 fractions of 4.5 Gy in a 24-h interval, or no treatment (n = 5-6/group). Therapy response was evaluated by (99m)Tc-duramycin SPECT 24 h after the last dose of therapy. Blocking was used to confirm tracer specificity. Radiotracer uptake in the tumors was validated ex vivo using γ-counting, cleaved caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) histology. RESULTS Chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased (99m)Tc-duramycin binding to COLO205 cells in a concentration/dose- and time-dependent manner, which correlated well with cell death levels (P < 0.05) as analyzed by annexin V and caspase 3/7 activity. In vivo, (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in COLO205 xenografts was increased 2.3- and 2.8-fold (P < 0.001) in mice treated with irinotecan and combination therapy, respectively. Blocking with unlabeled duramycin demonstrated specific binding of the radiotracer. After tumor irradiation with 4.5 Gy, (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in tumors increased significantly (1.24 ± 0.07 vs. 0.57 ± 0.08 percentage injected dose per gram in the unirradiated tumors; P < 0.001). γ-counting of radioactivity in the tumors positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and TUNEL (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) staining. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that (99m)Tc-duramycin can be used to image induction of cell death early after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It holds potential to be translated into clinical use for early assessment of treatment response.
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Fritzsch B, Duncan JS, Kersigo J, Gray B, Elliott KL. Neuroanatomical Tracing Techniques in the Ear: History, State of the Art, and Future Developments. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1427:243-62. [PMID: 27259931 PMCID: PMC4993453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear has long been at the cutting edge of tract tracing techniques that have shaped and reshaped our understanding of the ear's innervation patterns. This review provides a historical framework to understand the importance of these techniques for ear innervation and for development of tracing techniques in general; it is hoped that lessons learned will help to quickly adopt transformative novel techniques and their information and correct past beliefs based on technical limitations. The technical part of the review presents details of our protocol as developed over the last 30 years. We also include arguments as to why these recommendations work best to generate the desired outcome of distinct fiber and cell labeling, and generate reliable data for any investigation. We specifically focus on two tracing techniques, in part developed and/or championed for ear innervation analysis: the low molecular multicolor dextran amine tract tracing technique and the multicolor tract tracing technique with lipophilic dyes.
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Elvas F, Vangestel C, Rapic S, Verhaeghe J, Gray B, Pak K, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Wyffels L. Characterization of [(99m)Tc]Duramycin as a SPECT Imaging Agent for Early Assessment of Tumor Apoptosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2015; 17:838-47. [PMID: 25896815 PMCID: PMC4641155 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the usefulness of [(99m)Tc]duramycin for monitoring early response to cancer therapy in mice, with an eye towards clinical translation. PROCEDURES [(99m)Tc]Duramycin was injected in healthy CD1-/- mice to estimate human [(99m)Tc]duramycin radiation dose. [(99m)Tc]Duramycin single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of apoptosis was evaluated in a mouse model of colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan and validated ex vivo using autoradiography, cleaved caspase-3, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) histology of the tumors. RESULTS The mean effective dose was estimated to be 3.74 × 10(-3) ± 3.43 × 10(-4) mSv/MBq for non-purified and 3.19 × 10(-3) ± 2.16 × 10(-4) mSv/MBq for purified [(99m)Tc]duramycin. [(99m)Tc]Duramycin uptake in vivo following therapy increased significantly in apoptotic irinotecan-treated tumors (p = 0.008). Radioactivity in the tumors positively correlated with cleaved caspase-3 (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) and TUNEL (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) staining. CONCLUSION [(99m)Tc]Duramycin can be used to detect early chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death, and thus, may be a prospective candidate for clinical SPECT imaging of tumor response to therapy.
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Geck J, Zwiebler M, Gray B, Chakhalian J, Freeland J, He F, Koitzsch A, Komissinskiy P, Schierle E, Sutarto S, Treske U, Vafaee M, Weschke E, Sawatzky GA, Alff L, Macke S, Hamann-Borrero JE. Electronic depth profiles with atomic layer resolution from resonant X-ray reflectivity. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315097545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Perry M, Darlow B, Donovan S, McKinlay E, Coleman K, Beckingsale L, Gray B, Pullon S, Gallagher P, Neser H. “We’re here for the patient at the end of the day”: perceptions of an IPE programme in long-term conditions management. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Darlow B, Perry M, Coleman K, McKinlay E, Donovan S, Beckingsale L, Gallagher P, Gray B, Neser H, Stanley J, Pullon S. The positive impact of interprofessional education: a controlled trial to evaluate a programme for health professional students. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yeates L, Sarina T, Burns C, Spinks C, Bagnall R, Lam L, Sweeting J, Cutmore C, Tsoutsman T, Gray B, Medi C, Ingles J, Semsarian C. The genetic heart disease patient day: Improving education and patient understanding. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gray B, Bannon P, Bailey B, Lal S, Yeates L, Richmond D, Byrom M, Semsarian C, Medi C. A surgical myectomy program to manage complex obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gray B, Semsarian C, Freedman B, Medi C, Sy R. Analysis of temporal and spatial variability of spontaneous type 1 brugada ECG: correlation with symptoms and sudden cardiac death events. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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