Effects of aging, baseline renal function and stage of HIV infection on post-treatment changes in renal function among HIV-infected patients: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES

The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases clinical uncertainty about changes in renal function. Specifically, little is known regarding the interaction of the effects of aging, baseline renal impairment, and stages of HIV infection on post-treatment changes in renal function.

METHODS

This analysis included 5533 HIV-infected patients on cART in 2004-2016. Progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as either two consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² for baseline eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (mild renal impairment or normal renal function) or a 25% decline for baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (moderate renal impairment).

RESULTS

During follow-up (median 4.8 years), 130 (2.3%) of the patients progressed to CKD. A total of 20.1% of patients with baseline normal renal function progressed to mild renal impairment, while 74.0% of patients with baseline mild or moderate renal impairment improved to normal renal function. In multivariable analysis, a significant positive baseline-eGFR-by-World Health Organization (WHO)-stage interaction effect on progression to CKD in all patients was identified, indicating a cross-over effect from a reduced risk to an increased risk. A significant negative baseline-age-by-WHO-stage interaction effect on progression to mild renal impairment in patients with baseline normal renal function was identified, with adjusted hazard ratios progressively lower at older ages. In addition, there were significant associations with older age, lower baseline eGFR, Dai ethnic minority, and anaemia for both outcomes, hyperglycaemia for CKD only, and higher CD4 count, tenofovir and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir use for mild renal impairment only.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggest a complex pattern of renal function dynamics in patients on cART, which requires precise management with systematic monitoring of the interaction of the effects of sociodemographic, nephrological and HIV-specific clinical characteristics.

[Long non-coding RNA HULC affects downstream-related targets to regulate migration and invasion of hepatoma cells]

Objective: To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA HULC on downstream related targets regulating the migration and invasion of hepatoma cells and theirs mechanism of action. Methods: The expression of highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) in hepatocellular carcinoma, and adjacent normal liver tissues and different hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by qPCR. The correlation between clinicopathological data of HULC and liver cancer patients were analyzed. Dual-luciferase reporter gene detected the interaction between HULC and miR-186. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of HULC on proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The change in hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasions ability after HULC inhibition was detected by transwell invasion assay and migration ability after inhibition of HULC was assessed by scratch assay. Differences between groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Compared with adjacent normal liver tissue, the expression of HULC in hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher [(1.79 ± 0.25) vs. (0.23 ± 0.05), P < 0.05]. The expression level of HULC was highest in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG3 cells. HULC specifically banded to the 3'UTR of miR-186 and regulated the expressional activity of miR-186. After inhibiting the expression of HULC, the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells was 72 h (0.35 ± 0.09) vs. (0.82 ± 0.16), P < 0.05; 96 h (0.42 ± 0.08) vs.(1.28 ± 0.19), P < 0.05), and the ability of migration and invasion was relatively decreased in 24 h (11.2% ± 1.6%) vs. (23.5% ± 3.6%), P < 0.05; 48 h (18.6% ± 3.0%) vs. (38.6% ± 5.6%), P < 0.05; 72 h (43.6% ± 5.3% ) vs. (69.6% ± 7.6%), P < 0.05]. After inhibiting the expression of HULC, the tumor volume and body weight of tumor-bearing mice were significantly reduced [volume (2.89 ± 0.29) cm(3) vs. (0.89 ± 0.18) cm(3), P < 0.05, body weight (3.18 ± 0.41) g vs. (0.45 ± 0.09) g, P < 0.05]. Conclusion: HULC plays an important role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and can influence the biological behavior of hepatoma cells by regulating the expression of downstream-related targets.

DNAH6 is a novel candidate gene associated with sperm head anomaly

Globozoospermia and acephalic spermatozoa are two rare sperm head anomalies associated with male infertility. Combination of the two phenotypes in the same patient is extremely rare, so the underlying pathogenesis of this disorder remains unclear. Here, we report a 35-year-old infertile male, who presented with 30% of sperm-lacked heads and 69% of sperm round-headed or small-headed with neck thickening in his ejaculate. Subsequent whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis identified compound heterozygous variants within the DNAH6 gene. DNAH6 is a testis-specific-expressed protein that was localised to the neck region in the spermatozoa of normal control; however, immunofluorescent staining failed to detect DNAH6 protein in the patient's spermatozoa. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis also showed the complete absence of DNAH6 mRNA in the patient's spermatozoa. Moreover, two cycles of in vitro fertilisation (IVF)-assisted reproduction were carried out, but pregnancy was not achieved after embryo transfer. Therefore, rare sequence variants in DNAH6 might be susceptibility risks for human sperm head anomaly.

Proceedings of the 7th Biannual International Symposium on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 2015

A1 Hope and despair in the current treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer

IB Tan

I1 NPC international incidence and risk factors

Ellen T Chang

I2 Familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the use of biomarkers

Chien-Jen Chen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Yin-Chu Chien

I3 Genetic susceptibility risk factors for sporadic and familial NPC: recent findings

Allan Hildesheim

I5 Genetic and environmental risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer in Southeast Asia

James D McKay, Valerie Gaborieau, Mohamed Arifin Bin Kaderi, Dewajani Purnomosari, Catherine Voegele, Florence LeCalvez-Kelm, Graham Byrnes, Paul Brennan, Beena Devi

I6 Characterization of the NPC methylome identifies aberrant epigenetic disruption of key signaling pathways and EBV-induced gene methylation

Li L, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Sun K, Du Z, Sun H, Chan AT, Tsao SW, Zeng YX, Tao Q

I7 Tumor exosomes and translational research in NPC

Pierre Busson, Claire Lhuillier, Olivier Morales, Dhafer Mrizak, Aurore Gelin, Nikiforos Kapetanakis, Nadira Delhem

I8 Host manipulations of the Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein

Sheila Mansouri, Jennifer Cao, Anup Vaidya, and Lori Frappier

I9 Somatic genetic changes in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Lo Kwok Wai

I10 Preliminary screening results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with ELISA-based EBV antibodies in Southern China

Sui-Hong Chen, Jin-lin Du, Ming-Fang Ji, Qi-Hong Huang, Qing Liu, Su-Mei Cao

I11 EBV array platform to screen for EBV antibodies associated with NPC and other EBV-associated disorders

Denise L. Doolan, Anna Coghill, Jason Mulvenna, Carla Proietti, Lea Lekieffre, Jeffrey Bethony, and Allan Hildesheim

I12 The nasopharyngeal carcinoma awareness program in Indonesia

Renske Fles, Sagung Rai Indrasari, Camelia Herdini, Santi Martini, Atoillah Isfandiari, Achmad Rhomdoni, Marlinda Adham, Ika Mayangsari, Erik van Werkhoven, Maarten Wildeman, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Bambang Hermani, Widodo Ario Kentjono, Sofia Mubarika Haryana, Marjanka Schmidt, IB Tan

I13 Current advances and future direction in nasopharyngeal cancer management

Brian O’Sullivan

I14 Management of juvenile nasopharyngeal cancer

Enis Ozyar

I15 Global pattern of nasopharyngeal cancer: correlation of outcome with access to radiotherapy

Anne WM Lee

I16 The predictive/prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Mu-Sheng Zeng

I17 Effect of HLA and KIR polymorphism on NPC risk

Xiaojiang Gao, Minzhong Tang, Pat Martin, Yi Zeng, Mary Carrington

I18 Exploring the Association between Potentially Neutralizing Antibodies against EBV Infection and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Anna E Coghill, Wei Bu, Hanh Nguyen, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Pei-Jen Lou, Cheng-Ping Wang, Chien-Jen Chen, Allan Hildesheim, Jeffrey I Cohen

I19 Advances in MR imaging in NPC

Ann D King

O1 Epstein-Barr virus seromarkers and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the gene-environment interaction study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan

Yin-Chu Chien, Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Ching-Yuan Lin, Yung-An Tsou, Yi-Shing Leu, Li-Jen Laio, Yen-Liang Chang, Cheng-Ping Wang, Chun-Hun Hua, Ming-Shiang Wu, Chu-Hsing Kate Hsiao, Jehn-Chuan Lee, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Skye Hung-Chun Cheng, Pei-Jen Lou, Allan Hildesheim, Chien-Jen Chen

O2 Familial tendency and environmental co-factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the gene-environment interaction study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan

Wan-Lun Hsu, Kelly J Yu, Yin-Chu Chien, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Ching-Yuan Lin, Yung-An Tsou, Yi-Shing Leu, Li-Jen Liao, Yen-Liang Chang, Tsung-Lin Yang, Chun-Hun Hua, Ming-ShiangWu, Chu-Hsing Kate Hsiao, Jehn-ChuanLee, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Skye Hung-Chun Cheng, Jenq-Yuh Ko, Allan Hildesheim, Chien-Jen Chen

O3 The genetic susceptibility and prognostic role of TERT-CLPTM1L and genes in DNA damage pathways in NPC

Josephine Mun Yee Ko, Wei Dai, Dora Kwong, Wai Tong Ng, Anne Lee, Roger Kai Cheong Ngan, Chun Chung Yau, Stewart Tung, Maria Li Lung

O4 Long term effects of NPC screening

Mingfang Ji, Wei Sheng, Mun Hon Ng, Weimin Cheng, Xia Yu, Biaohua Wu, Kuangrong Wei, Jun Zhan, Yi Xin Zeng, Su Mei Cao, Ningshao Xia, Yong Yuan

O5 Risk prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by detecting host genetic and Epstein-Barr virus variation in saliva

Qian Cui, Miao Xu, Jin-Xin Bei, Yi-Xin Zeng

O6 Patterns of care study in Turkish nasopharyngeal cancer patients (NAZOTURK): A Turkish Radiation Oncology Association Head and Neck Cancer Working Group Study

B Şahin, A Dizman, M Esassolak, A Saran İkizler, HC Yıldırım, M Çaloğlu, B Atalar, F Akman, C Demiroz, BM Atasoy, E Canyilmaz, S Igdem, G Ugurluer, T Kütük, M Akmansoy, E Ozyar

O7 Long term outcome of intensity modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in National Cancer Centre Singapore

Kiattisa Sommat, Fu Qiang Wang, Li-Lian Kwok, Terence Tan, Kam Weng Fong, Yoke Lim Soong, Shie Lee Cheah, Joseph Wee

O8 International phase II randomized study on the addition of docetaxel to the combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in the induction treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents

M Casanova, E Özyar, C Patte, D Orbach, A Ferrari, VF Cristine, H Errihani, J Pan, L Zhang, S Liji, K Grzegorzewski, L Gore, A Varan

O9 Prognostic impact of metastatic status in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Guntara Khuzairi, Camelia Herdini, Henry Kusumo, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Ibnu Purwanto, Johan Kurnianda

O10 Development of small molecule inhibitors of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Troy E. Messick, Kimberly Malecka, Lois Tolvinski, Samantha Soldan, Julianna Deakyne, Hui Song, Antonio van den Heuvel, Baiwei Gu, Joel Cassel, Mark McDonnell, Garry R Smith, Venkata Velvadapu, Haiyan Bian, Yan Zhang, Marianne Carlsen, Shuai Chen, Alastair Donald, Christian Lemmen, Allen B Reitz, Paul M Lieberman

O11 Therapeutic targeting of cancer stem-like cells using a Wnt modulator, ICG-001, enhances the treatment outcome of EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma

King Chi Chan, Lai Sheung Chan, Kwok Wai Lo, Timothy Tak Chun Yip, Roger Kai Cheong Ngan, Michael Kahn, Maria Li Lung, Nai Ki Mak

O12 Role of micro-RNA in NPC biology

Fei-Fei Liu

O13 Expansion of EBNA1- and LMP2-specific effector T lymphocytes from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma without enhancement of regulatory T cells

Wafa Khaali; Juliette Thariat; Laurence Fantin; Flavia Spirito; Meriem Khyatti; El Khalil Ben Driss; Sylvain Olivero; Janet Maryanski; Alain Doglio

O14 The experience of patients’ life after amifostine radiotherapy treatment (ART) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

Mengxue Xia, Yunfei Xia, Hui Chang, Rachel Shaw

O15 Analysis of mitochondrial DNA mutation in latent membrane protein-1 positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Pudji Rahaju

O16 Factors influencing treatment adherence of nasopharyngeal cancer and the clinical outcomes: a hospital-based study

Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Sindhu Wisesa, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Harijadi, Ibnu Purwanto, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Wigati Dhamiyati, Johan Kurnianda

O17 Chromosomal breaks mediated by bile acid-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells: in relation to matrix association region/scaffold attachment region

Sang-Nee Tan, Sai-Peng Sim

O18 Expression of p53 (wild type) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cell that resistant to radiotherapy

Muhtarum Yusuf, Ahmad C Romdhoni, Widodo Ario K, Fedik Abdul Rantam

O19 Mathematical model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in cellular level

Sugiyanto, Lina Aryati, Fajar Adi-Kusumo, Mardiah Suci Hardianti

O20 Differential expression of microRNA-21 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma plasma patient

SY Bintoro, R Oktriani, C. Herawati, A Surono, Sofia M. Haryana

O21 Therapeutic targeting of an oncogenic fibroblast growth factor-FGF19, which promotes proliferation and induces EMT of carcinoma cells through activating ERK and AKT signaling

L. Zhong, L. Li, B. B. Ma, A. T. Chan, Q. Tao

O22 Resist nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC): next generation T cells for the adoptive immunotherapy of NPC

M. Kalra, M. Ngo, S. Perna, A. Leen, N. Lapteva, C. M. Rooney, S. Gottschalk

O23 The correlation of heat shock protein 70 expressions and staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Elida Mustikaningtyas, Sri Herawati, Achmad C Romdhoni

O24 Epstein-Barr virus serological profiles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma - A tribute to Werner Henle

Mingfang Ji, YaruiXu, Weimin Cheng, ShengxiangGe, Fugui Li, M. H. Ng

O25 Targeting the apoptosis pathway using combination TLR3 agonist with anti-survivin molecule (YM-155) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Louise SY Tan, Benjamin Wong, CM Lim

O26 The resistance mechanism of nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells to cisplatin through expression of CD44, Hsp70, p53 (wild type), Oct-4, and ß-catenin encoded-genes

Achmad C Romdhoni, Fedik A. Rantam, Widodo Ario Kentjono

P1 Prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients at Departement of Otorhinolaringology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin general hospital, Bandung, Indonesia in 2010-2014

Deasy Z Madani, Nur Akbar, Agung Dinasti Permana

P2 Case report on pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta

Camelia Herdini, Sagung Rai Indrasari, Jajah Fachiroh, Dwi Hartati, T. Baning Rahayudjati

P3 Report on loco regionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemo-radiation therapy

Iswandi Darwis, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Wigati Dhamiyati, Ibnu Purwanto, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Johan Kurnianda

P4 Sex and age differences in the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Sindhu Wisesa, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Harijadi, Ibnu Purwanto, Camelia Herdini, Wigati Dhamiyati, Johan Kurnianda

P5 Impact of delayed diagnosis and delayed therapy in the treatment outcome of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Khoirul Anwar, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Sagung Rai Indrasari, Sri Retna Dwidanarti, Ibnu Purwanto, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Johan Kurnianda

P6 Anaysis of pretreatment anemia in nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy

Dominicus Wendhy Pramana, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Wigati Dhamiyati, Ibnu Purwanto, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Johan Kurnianda

P7 Results of treatment with neoadjuvant cisplatin-5FU in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a local experience

Diah Ari Safitri, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu, Camelia Herdini, Sri Retna Dwi Danarti, Ibnu Purwanto, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Johan Kurnianda

P8 Geriatrics with nasopharyngeal cancer

Suryo A Taroeno, Sindhu Wisesa, Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi, Ibnu Purwanto, Bambang Hariwiyanto, Wigati Dhamiyati, Johan Kurnianda

P9 Correlation of lymphocyte to monocyte and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to the response of cisplatin chemoradiotheraphy in locally advance nasopharyngeal carcinoma

I. Wijaya, A. Oehadian, D. Prasetya

P10 Prediction of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by Epstein-Barr virus seromarkers and environmental co-factors: the gene-environment interaction study on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan

Wan-Lun Hsu, Yin-Chu Chien, Kelly J Yu, Cheng-Ping Wang, Ching-Yuan Lin, Yung-An Tsou, Yi-Shing Leu, Li-Jen Liao, Yen-Liang Chang^191,192, Jenq-Yuh Ko, Chun-Hun Hua, Ming-Shiang Wu, Chu-Hsing Kate Hsiao, Jehn-Chuan Lee, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Skye Hung-Chun Cheng, Pei-Jen Lou, Allan Hildesheim, Chien-Jen Chen

P11 Non-viral risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in West Sumatra, Indonesia

Sukri Rahman, Bestari J. Budiman, Novialdi, Rahmadona, Dewi Yuri Lestari

P12 New prototype Vidas EBV IgA quick: performance on Chinese and Moroccan populations

C. Yin, A. Foussadier, E. Blein, C. Chen, N. Bournet Ammour, M. Khiatti, S. Cao

P13 The expression of EBV-LMP1 and VEGF as predictors and plasma EBV-DNA levels as early marker of distant metastasis after therapy in nasopharyngeal cancer

Dewi Syafriyetti Soeis Marzaini

P14 Characteristics and factors influencing subjects refusal for blood samples retrieval: lesson from NPC case control study in Yogyakarta – Indonesia

Dwi Hartati, Baning Rahayujati, Camelia Herdini, Jajah Fachiroh

P15 Expression of microRNA BART-7-3p and mRNA PTEN on blood plasma of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

L. Gunawan, S. Mubarika Haryana, A. Surono, C. Herawati

P16 IgA response to native early antigen (IgA-EAext) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in healthy population and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients: the potential for diagnosis and screening tools

Michael Hartono, Jajah Fachiroh, Umi Intansari, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita

P17 IgA responses against Epstein-Barr Virus Early Antigen (EBV-EA) peptides as potential candidates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection marker

Akmal Akbar, Jajah Fachiroh, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita

P18 Association between smoking habit and IgA-EBV titer among healthy individuals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Benny Hermawan, T Baning Rahayudjati, Dewi K Paramita, Jajah Fachiroh

P19 Epstein-Barr virus IgA titer comparison of healthy non-family individuals and healthy first degree family of NPV patients

Gabriella Argy, Jajah Fachiroh, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita, Susanna Hilda Hutajulu

P20 Identification of EBV Early Antigen (EA) derived peptides for NPC diagnosis

Theodora Caroline Sihotang, Jajah Fachiroh, Umi Intansari, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita

P21 Host-pathogen study: relative expression of mRNA BRLF1 Epstein-Barr virus as a potential biomarker for tumor progressivity and polymorphisms of TCRBC and TCRGC2 host genes related to genetic susceptibility on nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Daniel Joko Wahyono, Purnomo Soeharso, Dwi Anita Suryandari, Lisnawati, Zanil Musa, Bambang Hermani

P22 In vitro efficacy of silvestrol and episilvestrol, isolated from Borneo, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a major cancer in Borneo

Maelinda Daker, Yeo Jiun Tzen, Norhasimah Bakar, Asma’ Saiyidatina Aishah Abdul Rahman, Munirah Ahmad, Yeo Tiong Chia, Alan Khoo Soo Beng

P23 The expression of mir-141 in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer

Widyandani Sasikirana, Tirta Wardana, Muhammad Radifar, Cita Herawati, Agus Surono, Sofia Mubarika Haryana

Miniature in vivo MEMS-based line-scanned dual-axis confocal microscope for point-of-care pathology

There is a need for miniature optical-sectioning microscopes to enable in vivo interrogation of tissues as a real-time and noninvasive alternative to gold-standard histopathology. Such devices could have a transformative impact for the early detection of cancer as well as for guiding tumor-resection procedures. Miniature confocal microscopes have been developed by various researchers and corporations to enable optical sectioning of highly scattering tissues, all of which have necessitated various trade-offs in size, speed, depth selectivity, field of view, resolution, image contrast, and sensitivity. In this study, a miniature line-scanned (LS) dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscope, with a 12-mm diameter distal tip, has been developed for clinical point-of-care pathology. The dual-axis architecture has demonstrated an advantage over the conventional single-axis confocal configuration for reducing background noise from out-of-focus and multiply scattered light. The use of line scanning enables fast frame rates (16 frames/sec is demonstrated here, but faster rates are possible), which mitigates motion artifacts of a hand-held device during clinical use. We have developed a method to actively align the illumination and collection beams in a DAC microscope through the use of a pair of rotatable alignment mirrors. Incorporation of a custom objective lens, with a small form factor for in vivo clinical use, enables our device to achieve an optical-sectioning thickness and lateral resolution of 2.0 and 1.1 microns respectively. Validation measurements with reflective targets, as well as in vivo and ex vivo images of tissues, demonstrate the clinical potential of this high-speed optical-sectioning microscopy device.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers

AIMS

Probiotics have been proved to be the most preferred and effective alternative to antibiotics as growth promoter and pathogens inhibitor in poultry industry. In this study Bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 as a probiotic bacterium was administered in diet and its effects on both the growth performance and the caecal microbiota of broilers were evaluated.

METHODS AND RESULTS

A total of 240 male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated into two treatment groups of basal diet without any addition of probiotics and basal diet containing B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086. The body weight of broilers was measured individually at 32, 39 and 46 days of bird age. Furthermore, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the bacterial community structure in the caeca of broilers. The results indicated that broilers receiving diet supplemented with B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 showed 27·7% higher daily weight gain than those of control during 2 weeks. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 group was also improved by 10·3%. In the caeca of broilers fed with B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086, the relative abundance of Alistipes, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, Blautia and Desulfovibrio were higher, while the potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus and Escherichia-Shigella were lower than those of control.

CONCLUSIONS

The probiotic B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 can effectively improve the growth performance and FCR of broilers via the beneficial modulation of caecal microbiota.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The effect of B. subtilis on growth performance of broilers was evaluated and the relationship between growth and caecal microbiota was revealed. The results of this study help to promote application of probiotics in poultry industry.

Recent studies on the antimicrobial peptides lactoferricin and lactoferrampin

Lactoferricin and lactoferrampin, peptides derived from the whey protein lactoferrin, are antimicrobial agents with a promising prospect and are currently one of the research focuses. In this review, a basic introduction including location and solution structures of these two peptides is given. Their biological activities encompassing antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities with possible mechanisms are mentioned. In terms of modification studies, research about identification of their active derivatives and crucial amino acid residues is also discussed. Various attempts at modification of lactoferricin and lactoferrampin such as introducing big hydrophobic side-chains; employing special amino acids for synthesis; N-acetylization, amidation, cyclization and peptide chimera are summarized. The studies on lactoferricin-lactoferrampin chimera are discussed in detail. Future prospects of lactoferricin and lactoferrampin are covered.