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Liang K, Wang Z, Ahsen OO, Lee HC, Potsaid BM, Jayaraman V, Cable A, Mashimo H, Li X, Fujimoto JG. Cycloid scanning for wide field optical coherence tomography endomicroscopy and angiography in vivo. Optica 2018; 5:36-43. [PMID: 29682598 PMCID: PMC5909979 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Devices that perform wide field-of-view (FOV) precision optical scanning are important for endoscopic assessment and diagnosis of luminal organ disease such as in gastroenterology. Optical scanning for in vivo endoscopic imaging has traditionally relied on one or more proximal mechanical actuators, limiting scan accuracy and imaging speed. There is a need for rapid and precise two-dimensional (2D) microscanning technologies to enable the translation of benchtop scanning microscopies to in vivo endoscopic imaging. We demonstrate a new cycloid scanner in a tethered capsule for ultrahigh speed, side-viewing optical coherence tomography (OCT) endomicroscopy in vivo. The cycloid capsule incorporates two scanners: a piezoelectrically actuated resonant fiber scanner to perform a precision, small FOV, fast scan and a micromotor scanner to perform a wide FOV, slow scan. Together these scanners distally scan the beam circumferentially in a 2D cycloid pattern, generating an unwrapped 1 mm × 38 mm strip FOV. Sequential strip volumes can be acquired with proximal pullback to image centimeter-long regions. Using ultrahigh speed 1.3 μm wavelength swept-source OCT at a 1.17 MHz axial scan rate, we imaged the human rectum at 3 volumes/s. Each OCT strip volume had 166 × 2322 axial scans with 8.5 μm axial and 30 μm transverse resolution. We further demonstrate OCT angiography at 0.5 volumes/s, producing volumetric images of vasculature. In addition to OCT applications, cycloid scanning promises to enable precision 2D optical scanning for other imaging modalities, including fluorescence confocal and nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Osman O. Ahsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Potsaid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Thorlabs, Newton, New Jersey 07860, USA
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Corresponding author:
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Hu B, Bolus D, Brown JQ. Improved contrast in inverted selective plane illumination microscopy of thick tissues using confocal detection and structured illumination. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5546-5559. [PMID: 29296487 PMCID: PMC5745102 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Inverted selective plane illumination microscopy (iSPIM) enables fast, large field-of-view, long term imaging with compatibility with conventional sample mounting. However, the imaging quality can be deteriorated in thick tissues due to sample scattering. Three strategies have been adopted in this paper to optimize the imaging performance of iSPIM on thick tissue imaging: electronic confocal slit detection (eCSD), structured illumination (SI) and the two combined. We compared the image contrast when using SPIM, confocal SPIM (using eCSD alone), SI SPIM (using SI alone) or confocal-SI SPIM (combining both methods) on images of gelatin phantom and highly-scattering fluorescently-stained human tissue. We demonstrate that all the three methods showed remarkable contrast enhancement on both samples compared to iSPIM alone, and SI SPIM and the combined confocal-SI mode outperformed confocal SPIM in contrast enhancement. Moreover, the use of SI at high pattern frequencies outperformed confocal SPIM in terms of optical sectioning capability. However, image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was decreased at high pattern frequencies when imaging scattering samples with SI SPIM. By combining eCSD with SI to reduce background signal and noise, the superior optical sectioning performance of SI could be achieved while also maintaining high image SNR.
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Gareau DS, Krueger JG, Hawkes JE, Lish SR, Dietz MP, Mülberger AG, Mu EW, Stevenson ML, Lewin JM, Meehan SA, Carucci JA. Line scanning, stage scanning confocal microscope (LSSSCM). Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3807-3815. [PMID: 28856051 PMCID: PMC5560842 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For rapid pathological assessment of large surgical tissue excisions with cellular resolution, we present a line scanning, stage scanning confocal microscope (LSSSCM). LSSSCM uses no scanning mirrors. Laser light is focused with a single cylindrical lens to a line of diffraction-limited width directly into the (Z) sample focal plane, which is parallel to and near the flattened specimen surface. Semi-confocal optical sections are derived from the linear array distribution (Y) and a single mechanical drive that moves the sample parallel to the focal plane and perpendicular to the focused line (X). LSSSCM demonstrates cellular resolution in the conditions of high nuclear density within micronodular basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Gareau
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - James G. Krueger
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - Jason E. Hawkes
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - Samantha R. Lish
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - Michael P. Dietz
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - Alba Guembe Mülberger
- Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065,
USA
| | - Euphemia W. Mu
- Ronald O. Pearleman Department of Dermatology, New York University, 240 E. 38th St., New York, NY 10016,
USA
| | - Mary L. Stevenson
- Ronald O. Pearleman Department of Dermatology, New York University, 240 E. 38th St., New York, NY 10016,
USA
| | - Jesse M. Lewin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10032,
USA
| | - Shane A. Meehan
- Ronald O. Pearleman Department of Dermatology, New York University, 240 E. 38th St., New York, NY 10016,
USA
| | - John A. Carucci
- Ronald O. Pearleman Department of Dermatology, New York University, 240 E. 38th St., New York, NY 10016,
USA
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4
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Damodaran M, Vienola KV, Braaf B, Vermeer KA, de Boer JF. Digital micromirror device based ophthalmoscope with concentric circle scanning. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2766-2780. [PMID: 28663905 PMCID: PMC5480512 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinal imaging is demonstrated using a novel scanning light ophthalmoscope based on a digital micromirror device with 810 nm illumination. Concentric circles were used as scan patterns, which facilitated fixation by a human subject for imaging. An annular illumination was implemented in the system to reduce the background caused by corneal reflections and thereby to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. A 1.9-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio was found by using an annular illumination aperture compared to a circular illumination aperture, resulting in a 5-fold increase in imaging speed and a better signal-to-noise ratio compared to our previous system. We tested the imaging performance of our system by performing non-mydriatic imaging on two subjects at a speed of 7 Hz with a maximum 20° (diameter) field of view. The images were shot noise limited and clearly show various anatomical features of the retina with high contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathi Damodaran
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Kari V. Vienola
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Boy Braaf
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Koenraad A. Vermeer
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Schiedamse Vest 160D, 3011 BH Rotterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Johannes F. de Boer
- LaserLaB, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
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5
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Porquez JG, Cole RA, Tabarangao JT, Slepkov AD. Spectrally-broad coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering hyper-microscopy utilizing a Stokes supercontinuum pumped at 800 nm. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4335-4345. [PMID: 27867735 PMCID: PMC5102551 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate spectral-focusing based coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (SF-CARS) hyper-microscopy capable of probing vibrational frequencies from 630 cm-1 to 3250 cm-1 using a single Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser operating at 800 nm, and a commercially-available supercontinuum-generating fibre module. A broad Stokes supercontinuum with significant spectral power at wavelengths between 800 nm and 940 nm is generated by power tuning the fibre module using atypically long and/or chirped ~200 fs pump pulses, allowing convenient access to lower vibrational frequencies in the fingerprint spectral region. This work significantly reduces the instrumental and technical requirements for multimodal CARS microscopy, while expanding the spectral capabilities of an established approach to SF-CARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G. Porquez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trent University, 1600 W Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Ryan A. Cole
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trent University, 1600 W Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Joel T. Tabarangao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trent University, 1600 W Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Slepkov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Trent University, 1600 W Bank Dr., Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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6
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Rupprecht P, Prendergast A, Wyart C, Friedrich RW. Remote z-scanning with a macroscopic voice coil motor for fast 3D multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1656-71. [PMID: 27231612 PMCID: PMC4871072 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand for 3D multiphoton imaging in neuroscience and other fields but scanning in axial direction presents technical challenges. We developed a focusing technique based on a remote movable mirror that is conjugate to the specimen plane and translated by a voice coil motor. We constructed cost-effective z-scanning modules from off-the-shelf components that can be mounted onto standard multiphoton laser scanning microscopes to extend scan patterns from 2D to 3D. Systems were designed for large objectives and provide high resolution, high speed and a large z-scan range (>300 μm). We used these systems for 3D multiphoton calcium imaging in the adult zebrafish brain and measured odor-evoked activity patterns across >1500 neurons with single-neuron resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rupprecht
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 75013 Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 75013 Paris, France
- Inserm UMRS 1127, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Rainer W Friedrich
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Momey F, Coutard JG, Bordy T, Navarro F, Menneteau M, Dinten JM, Allier C. Dynamics of cell and tissue growth acquired by means of extended field of view lensfree microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:512-524. [PMID: 26977359 PMCID: PMC4771468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a new methodology based on lensfree imaging to perform wound healing assay with unprecedented statistics. Our video lensfree microscopy setup is a simple device featuring only a CMOS sensor and a semi coherent illumination system. Yet it is a powerful mean for the real-time monitoring of cultivated cells. It presents several key advantages, e.g. integration into standard incubator, compatibility with standard cell culture protocol, simplicity and ease of use. It can perform the follow-up in a large field of view (25 mm(2)) of several crucial parameters during the culture of cells i.e. their motility, their proliferation rate or their death. Consequently the setup can gather large statistics both in space and time. Here we uses this facility in the context of wound healing assay to perform label-free measurements of the velocities of the fronts of proliferation of the cell layer as a function of time by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) processing. However, for such tissue growth experiments, the field of view of 25 mm(2) remains not sufficient and results can be biased depending on the position of the device with respect to the recipient of the cell culture. Hence, to conduct exhaustive wound healing assays, we propose to enlarge the field of view up to 10 cm(2) through a raster scan, by moving the source/sensor with respect to the Petri dish. We have performed acquisitions of wound healing assay (keratinocytes HaCaT) both in real-time (25 mm(2)) and in final point (10 cm(2)) to assess the combination of velocimetry measurements and final point wide field imaging. In the future, we aim at combining directly our extended field of view acquisitions (>10 cm(2)) with real time ability inside the incubator.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Momey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - J.-G. Coutard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - T. Bordy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - F. Navarro
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - M. Menneteau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - J.-M. Dinten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
| | - C. Allier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble,
France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble,
France
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Yin C, Glaser A, Leigh SY, Chen Y, Wei L, Pillai PCS, Rosenberg MC, Abeytunge S, Peterson G, Glazowski C, Sanai N, Mandella MJ, Rajadhyaksha M, Liu JTC. Miniature in vivo MEMS-based line-scanned dual-axis confocal microscope for point-of-care pathology. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:251-63. [PMID: 26977337 PMCID: PMC4771446 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for miniature optical-sectioning microscopes to enable in vivo interrogation of tissues as a real-time and noninvasive alternative to gold-standard histopathology. Such devices could have a transformative impact for the early detection of cancer as well as for guiding tumor-resection procedures. Miniature confocal microscopes have been developed by various researchers and corporations to enable optical sectioning of highly scattering tissues, all of which have necessitated various trade-offs in size, speed, depth selectivity, field of view, resolution, image contrast, and sensitivity. In this study, a miniature line-scanned (LS) dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscope, with a 12-mm diameter distal tip, has been developed for clinical point-of-care pathology. The dual-axis architecture has demonstrated an advantage over the conventional single-axis confocal configuration for reducing background noise from out-of-focus and multiply scattered light. The use of line scanning enables fast frame rates (16 frames/sec is demonstrated here, but faster rates are possible), which mitigates motion artifacts of a hand-held device during clinical use. We have developed a method to actively align the illumination and collection beams in a DAC microscope through the use of a pair of rotatable alignment mirrors. Incorporation of a custom objective lens, with a small form factor for in vivo clinical use, enables our device to achieve an optical-sectioning thickness and lateral resolution of 2.0 and 1.1 microns respectively. Validation measurements with reflective targets, as well as in vivo and ex vivo images of tissues, demonstrate the clinical potential of this high-speed optical-sectioning microscopy device.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Yin
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - A.K. Glaser
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - S. Y. Leigh
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - L. Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - P. C. S. Pillai
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - M. C. Rosenberg
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - S. Abeytunge
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Services, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - G. Peterson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Services, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - C. Glazowski
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Services, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - N. Sanai
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013 USA
| | - M. J. Mandella
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Rajadhyaksha
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Services, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - J. T. C. Liu
- University of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Glaser AK, Wang Y, Liu JT. Assessing the imaging performance of light sheet microscopies in highly scattering tissues. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:454-66. [PMID: 26977355 PMCID: PMC4771464 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Light sheet microscopy (LSM) has emerged as an optical-imaging method for high spatiotemporal volumetric imaging of relatively transparent samples. While this capability has allowed the technique to be highly impactful in fields such as developmental biology, applications involving highly scattering thick tissues have been largely unexplored. Herein, we employ Monte Carlo simulations to explore the use of LSM for imaging turbid media. In particular, due to its similarity to dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy, we compare LSM performance to point-scanned (PS-DAC) and line-scanned (LS-DAC) dual-axis confocal microscopy techniques that have been previously shown to produce high-quality images at round-trip optical lengths of ~9 - 10 and ~3 - 4 respectively. The results of this study indicate that LSM using widefield collection (WF-LSM) provides comparable performance to LS-DAC in thick tissues, due to the fact that they both utilize an illumination beam focused in one dimension (i.e. a line or sheet). On the other hand, LSM using confocal line detection (CL-LSM) is more analogous to PS-DAC microscopy, in which the illumination beam is focused in two dimensions to a point. The imaging depth of LSM is only slightly inferior to DAC (~2 - 3 and ~6 - 7 optical lengths for WF-LSM and CL-LSM respectively) due to the use of a lower numerical aperture (NA) illumination beam for extended imaging along the illumination axis. Therefore, we conclude that the ability to image deeply is dictated most by the confocality of the microscope technique. In addition, we find that imaging resolution is mostly dependent on the collection NA, and is relatively invariant to imaging depth in a homogeneous scattering medium. Our results indicate that superficial imaging of highly scattering tissues using light sheet microscopy is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J. T.C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Kang H, Lee SW, Lee ES, Kim SH, Lee TG. Real-time GPU-accelerated processing and volumetric display for wide-field laser-scanning optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4650-60. [PMID: 26713184 PMCID: PMC4679244 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fast signal processing and real-time displays are essential for practical imaging modality in various fields of applications. However, the imaging speed in optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), in particular, depends on factors such as the pulse repetition rate of the laser, scanning method, field of view (FOV), and signal processing time. In the past, efforts to increase acquisition speed either focused on developing new scanning methods or using lasers with higher pulse repetition rates. However, high-speed signal processing is also important for real-time volumetric display in OR-PAM. In this study, we carried out parallel signal processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU) to enable fast signal processing and wide-field real-time displays in laser-scanning OR-PAM. The average total GPU processing time for a B-mode PAM image was approximately 1.35 ms at a display speed of 480 fps when the data samples were acquired with 736 (axial) × 500 (lateral) points/B-mode-frame at a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz. In addition, we successfully displayed maximum amplitude projection images of a mouse's ear as volumetric images with an FOV of 3 mm × 3 mm (500 × 500 pixels) at 1.02 s, corresponding to 0.98 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Kang
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; contributed equally
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 305-350, South Korea ; contributed equally ;
| | - Eun-Soo Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Kim
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Center for Nanosafety Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano and Bio Surface Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, South Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejoen 305-340, South Korea ; Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 305-350, South Korea ;
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11
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Tsikouras A, Berman R, Andrews DW, Fang Q. High-speed multifocal array scanning using refractive window tilting. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3737-47. [PMID: 26504625 PMCID: PMC4605034 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Confocal microscopy has several advantages over wide-field microscopy, such as out-of-focus light suppression, 3D sectioning, and compatibility with specialized detectors. While wide-field microscopy is a faster approach, multiplexed confocal schemes can be used to make confocal microscopy more suitable for high-throughput applications, such as high-content screening (HCS) commonly used in drug discovery. An increasingly powerful modality in HCS is fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), which can be used to measure protein-protein interactions through Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET). FLIM-FRET for HCS combines the requirements of high throughput, high resolution and specialized time-resolving detectors, making it difficult to implement using wide-field and spinning disk confocal approaches. We developed a novel foci array scan method that can achieve uniform multiplex confocal acquisition using stationary lenslet arrays for high resolution and high throughput FLIM. Unlike traditional mirror galvanometers, which work in Fourier space between scan lenses, this scan method uses optical flats to steer a 2-dimension foci array through refraction. After integrating this scanning scheme in a multiplexing confocal FLIM system, we demonstrate it offers clear benefits over traditional mirror galvanometer scanners in scan linearity, uniformity, cost and complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tsikouras
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Richard Berman
- Spectral Applied Research, 2 East Beaver Creek Rd., Bldg. #2, Richmond Hill, Ontario, L4B 2N3, Canada
| | - David W. Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
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12
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Ghazaryan A, Omar M, Tserevelakis GJ, Ntziachristos V. Optoacoustic detection of tissue glycation. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:3149-56. [PMID: 26417487 PMCID: PMC4574643 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative-based diseases including diabetes, chronic renal failure, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders are accompanied by accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Therefore, AGE-associated changes in tissue optical properties could yield a viable pathological indicator for disease diagnostics and monitoring. We investigated whether skin glycation could be detected based on absorption changes associated with AGE accumulation using spectral optoacoustic measurements and interrogated the optimal spectral band for skin glycation determination. Glycated and non-glycated skin was optoacoustically measured at multiple wavelengths in the visible region. The detected signals were spectrally processed and compared to measurements of skin auto-fluorescence and to second harmonic generation multiphoton microscopy images. Optoacoustic measurements are shown to be capable of detecting skin glycolysis based on AGE detection. A linear dependence was observed between optoacoustic intensity and the progression of skin glycation. The findings where corroborated by autofluorescence observations. Detection sensitivity is enhanced by observing normalised tissue spectra. This result points to a ratiometric method for skin glycation detection, specifically at 540 nm and 620 nm. We demonstrate that optoacoustic spectroscopy could be employed to detect AGE accumulation, and possibly can be employed as a non-invasive quick method for monitoring tissue glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Ghazaryan
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Murad Omar
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - George J. Tserevelakis
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Galwaduge PT, Kim SH, Grosberg LE, Hillman EMC. Simple wavefront correction framework for two-photon microscopy of in-vivo brain. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:2997-3013. [PMID: 26309763 PMCID: PMC4541527 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an easily implemented wavefront correction scheme that has been specifically designed for in-vivo brain imaging. The system can be implemented with a single liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM), which makes it compatible with existing patterned illumination setups, and provides measurable signal improvements even after a few seconds of optimization. The optimization scheme is signal-based and does not require exogenous guide-stars, repeated image acquisition or beam constraint. The unconstrained beam approach allows the use of Zernike functions for aberration correction and Hadamard functions for scattering correction. Low order corrections performed in mouse brain were found to be valid up to hundreds of microns away from the correction location.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Galwaduge
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S. H. Kim
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - L. E. Grosberg
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - E. M. C. Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Liu JT. Characterizing the beam steering and distortion of Gaussian and Bessel beams focused in tissues with microscopic heterogeneities. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:1318-30. [PMID: 25909015 PMCID: PMC4399670 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Bessel beams have recently been investigated as a means of improving deep-tissue microscopy in highly scattering and heterogeneous media. It has been suggested that the long depth-of-field and self-reconstructing property of a Bessel beam enables an increased penetration depth of the focused beam in tissues compared to a conventional Gaussian beam. However, a study is needed to better quantify the magnitude of the beam steering as well as the distortion of focused Gaussian and Bessel beams in tissues with microscopic heterogeneities. Here, we have developed an imaging method and quantitative metrics to evaluate the motion and distortion of low-numerical-aperture (NA) Gaussian and Bessel beams focused in water, heterogeneous phantoms, and fresh mouse esophagus tissues. Our results indicate that low-NA Bessel beams exhibit reduced beam-steering artifacts and distortions compared to Gaussian beams, and are therefore potentially useful for microscopy applications in which pointing accuracy and beam quality are critical, such as dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794
USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
USA
| | - Jonathan T.C. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794
USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
USA
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15
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Rupprecht P, Prevedel R, Groessl F, Haubensak WE, Vaziri A. Optimizing and extending light-sculpting microscopy for fast functional imaging in neuroscience. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:353-68. [PMID: 25780729 PMCID: PMC4354592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of questions in system biology such as understanding how dynamics of neuronal networks are related to brain function require the ability to capture the functional dynamics of large cellular populations at high speed. Recently, this has driven the development of a number of parallel and high speed imaging techniques such as light-sculpting microscopy, which has been used to capture neuronal dynamics at the whole brain and single cell level in small model organisms. However, the broader applicability of light-sculpting microcopy is limited by the size of volumes for which high speed imaging can be obtained and scattering in brain tissue. Here, we present strategies for optimizing the present tradeoffs in light-sculpting microscopy. Various scanning modalities in light-sculpting microscopy are theoretically and experimentally evaluated, and strategies to maximize the obtainable volume speeds, and depth penetration in brain tissue using different laser systems are provided. Design-choices, important parameters and their trade-offs are experimentally demonstrated by performing calcium-imaging in acute mouse-brain slices. We further show that synchronization of line-scanning techniques with rolling-shutter read-out of the camera can reduce scattering effects and enhance image contrast at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rupprecht
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Current address: Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | | | | | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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16
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Leigh SY, Chen Y, Liu JT. Modulated-alignment dual-axis (MAD) confocal microscopy for deep optical sectioning in tissues. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:1709-20. [PMID: 24940534 PMCID: PMC4052905 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A strategy is presented to enable optical-sectioning microscopy with improved contrast and imaging depth using low-power (0.5 - 1 mW) diode laser illumination. This technology combines the inherent strengths of focal-modulation microscopy and dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy for rejecting out-of-focus and multiply scattered background light in tissues. The DAC architecture is unique in that it utilizes an intersecting pair of illumination and collection beams to improve the spatial-filtering and optical-sectioning performance of confocal microscopy while focal modulation selectively 'labels' in-focus signals via amplitude modulation. Simulations indicate that modulating the spatial alignment of dual-axis beams at a frequency f generates signals from the focal volume of the microscope that are modulated at 2f with minimal modulation of background signals, thus providing nearly an order-of-magnitude improvement in optical-sectioning contrast compared to DAC microscopy alone. Experiments show that 2f lock-in detection enhances contrast and imaging depth within scattering phantoms and fresh tissues.
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17
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Elhechmi I, Braga J, Dasgupta G, Gharbi T. Accelerated measurement of perikymata by an optical instrument. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2124-2137. [PMID: 24156069 PMCID: PMC3799671 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The proposed device considerably reduces the measuring time of important microscopic features of tooth crown surfaces. The instrumentation is accompanied by a computer program to analyse the results. Tooth enamel is formed by ameloblasts, which demonstrate daily secretory rhythms developing tissue-specific structures known as cross striations, and longer period markings that are referred as striae of Retzius. These striae correspond to linear structures on the enamel surface. This newly developed optical measuring instrument can automatically, precisely and accurately record the number and periodicity of perikymata on the dental crown. Furthermore it can characterize the variability in periodicity of perikymata in hominids. The depth of field can be extended as desired by taking several images with different focus positions and combining them into a single composite image that contains all regions fully focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Elhechmi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662 Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon cedex,
France
- CHU Jean Minjoz, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex,
France
| | - José Braga
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie (UMR 5288 CNRS) Université de Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse cedex 3,
France
| | - Gautam Dasgupta
- Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, NY, New York, NY 10027,
USA
| | - Tijani Gharbi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662 Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon cedex,
France
- CHU Jean Minjoz, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex,
France
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18
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Qiu Z, Liu Z, Duan X, Khondee S, Joshi B, Mandella MJ, Oldham K, Kurabayashi K, Wang TD. Targeted vertical cross-sectional imaging with handheld near-infrared dual axes confocal fluorescence endomicroscope. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:322-30. [PMID: 23412564 PMCID: PMC3567718 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate vertical cross-sectional (XZ-plane) images of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence with a handheld dual axes confocal endomicroscope that reveals specific binding of a Cy5.5-labeled peptide to pre-malignant colonic mucosa. This view is perpendicular to the tissue surface, and is similar to that used by pathologists. The scan head is 10 mm in outer diameter (OD), and integrates a one dimensional (1-D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) X-axis scanner and a bulky lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based Z-axis actuator. The microscope images in a raster-scanning pattern with a ±6 degrees (mechanical) scan angle at ~3 kHz in the X-axis (fast) and up to 10 Hz (0-400 μm) in the Z-axis (slow). Vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images are collected with a transverse and axial resolution of 4 and 5 μm, respectively, over a field-of-view of 800 μm (width) × 400 μm (depth). NIR vertical cross-sectional fluorescence images of fresh mouse colonic mucosa demonstrate histology-like imaging performance with this miniature instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongyao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Supang Khondee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael J. Mandella
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenn Oldham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Kieu K, Mehravar S, Gowda R, Norwood RA, Peyghambarian N. Label-free multi-photon imaging using a compact femtosecond fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotube saturable absorber. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2187-95. [PMID: 24156074 PMCID: PMC3799676 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free multi-photon imaging of biological samples using a compact Er(3+)-doped femtosecond fiber laser mode-locked by a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT). These compact and low cost lasers have been developed by various groups but they have not been exploited for multiphoton microscopy. Here, it is shown that various multiphoton imaging modalities (e.g. second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF), and three-photon excitation fluorescence (3PEF)) can be effectively performed on various biological samples using a compact handheld CNT mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser operating in the telecommunication window near 1560nm. We also show for the first time that chlorophyll fluorescence in plant leaves and diatoms can be observed using 1560nm laser excitation via three-photon absorption.
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20
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De Luca GM, Breedijk RM, Brandt RA, Zeelenberg CH, de Jong BE, Timmermans W, Azar LN, Hoebe RA, Stallinga S, Manders EM. Re-scan confocal microscopy: scanning twice for better resolution. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2644-56. [PMID: 24298422 PMCID: PMC3829557 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a new super-resolution technique, Re-scan Confocal Microscopy (RCM), based on standard confocal microscopy extended with an optical (re-scanning) unit that projects the image directly on a CCD-camera. This new microscope has improved lateral resolution and strongly improved sensitivity while maintaining the sectioning capability of a standard confocal microscope. This simple technology is typically useful for biological applications where the combination high-resolution and high-sensitivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M.R. De Luca
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ronald M.P. Breedijk
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rick A.J. Brandt
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H.C. Zeelenberg
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Babette E. de Jong
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Timmermans
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Centre for NeuroScience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidi Azar
- Nederlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AV), Dept. of Cell biology, AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre, AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Stallinga
- Quantitative Imaging group, Department of Imaging Science & Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M.M. Manders
- Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikon Centre of Excellence on Super Resolution Microscopy Development, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Vinegoni C, Lee S, Feruglio PF, Marzola P, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R. Sequential average segmented microscopy for high signal-to-noise ratio motion-artifact-free in vivo heart imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2013; 4:2095-106. [PMID: 24156067 PMCID: PMC3799669 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging is often severely compromised by cardiovascular and respiratory motion. Highly successful motion compensation techniques have been developed for clinical imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging) but the use of more advanced techniques for intravital microscopy is largely unexplored. Here, we implement a sequential cardiorespiratory gating scheme (SCG) for averaged microscopy. We show that SCG is very efficient in eliminating motion artifacts, is highly practical, enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in vivo imaging, and yields large field of views. The technique is particularly useful for high-speed data acquisition or for imaging scenarios where the fluorescence signal is not significantly above noise or background levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Sungon Lee
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
- Interaction and Robotics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
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22
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Wang D, Chen Y, Liu JTC. A liquid optical phantom with tissue-like heterogeneities for confocal microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:3153-60. [PMID: 23243566 PMCID: PMC3521309 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phantoms play an important role in the development, standardization, and calibration of biomedical imaging devices in laboratory and clinical settings, serving as standards to assess the performance of such devices. Here we present the design of a liquid optical phantom to facilitate the assessment of optical-sectioning microscopes that are being developed to enable point-of-care pathology. This phantom, composed of silica microbeads in an Intralipid base, is specifically designed to characterize a reflectance-based dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscope for skin imaging. The phantom mimics the scattering properties of normal human epithelial tissue in terms of an effective scattering coefficient and a depth-dependent degradation in spatial resolution due to beam steering caused by tissue micro-architectural heterogeneities.
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23
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Harmening WM, Tiruveedhula P, Roorda A, Sincich LC. Measurement and correction of transverse chromatic offsets for multi-wavelength retinal microscopy in the living eye. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:2066-77. [PMID: 23024901 PMCID: PMC3447549 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A special challenge arises when pursuing multi-wavelength imaging of retinal tissue in vivo, because the eye's optics must be used as the main focusing elements, and they introduce significant chromatic dispersion. Here we present an image-based method to measure and correct for the eye's transverse chromatic aberrations rapidly, non-invasively, and with high precision. We validate the technique against hyperacute psychophysical performance and the standard chromatic human eye model. In vivo correction of chromatic dispersion will enable confocal multi-wavelength images of the living retina to be aligned, and allow targeted chromatic stimulation of the photoreceptor mosaic to be performed accurately with sub-cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf M. Harmening
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pavan Tiruveedhula
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Austin Roorda
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Optometry, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lawrence C. Sincich
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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24
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Edward K, Qiu S, Resto V, McCammon S, Vargas G. In vivo layer-resolved characterization of oral dysplasia via nonlinear optical micro-spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:1579-93. [PMID: 22808430 PMCID: PMC3395483 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful technique for studying neoplastic transformation in epithelial tissue. Since specific intra-layer precancerous changes originate in the stratified layers of the oral mucosa, layer-resolved analysis will likely improve both our understanding of the mechanism of premalignant transformation, and clinical diagnostic outcomes. However, the native fluorescence signal in linear spectroscopy typically originates from a multi-layered focal volume. In this study, nonlinear spectroscopy was exploited for in vivo layer-resolved discrimination between normal and dysplastic tissue for the first time. Our results revealed numerous intra-layer specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kert Edward
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vicente Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center for Cancers of the Head and Neck, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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25
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Xiao X, Haushalter JP, Kotz KT, Faris GW. Cell assay using a two-photon-excited europium chelate. Biomed Opt Express 2011; 2:2255-64. [PMID: 21833362 PMCID: PMC3149523 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report application of two-photon excitation of europium chelates to immunolabeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cell surface proteins on A431 cancer cells. The europium chelates are excited with two photons of infrared light and emit in the visible. Europium chelates are conjugated to antibodies for EGFR. A431 (human epidermoid carcinoma) cells are labeled with this conjugate and imaged using a multiphoton microscope. To minimize signal loss due to the relatively long-lived Eu(3+) emission, the multiphoton microscope is used with scanning laser two-photon excitation and non-scanning detection with a CCD. The chelate labels show very little photobleaching (less than 1% during continuous illumination in the microscope for 20 minutes) and low levels of autofluorescence (less than 1% of the signal from labeled cells). The detection limit of the europium label in the cell assay is better than 100 zeptomoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xiao
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeanne P. Haushalter
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kenneth T. Kotz
- Currently with the Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory W. Faris
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Tseng JY, Ghazaryan AA, Lo W, Chen YF, Hovhannisyan V, Chen SJ, Tan HY, Dong CY. Multiphoton spectral microscopy for imaging and quantification of tissue glycation. Biomed Opt Express 2010; 2:218-30. [PMID: 21339868 PMCID: PMC3038438 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue glycation from diabetes and aging can result in complications such as renal failure, blindness, nerve damage and vascular diseases. In this work, we applied multiphoton microscopy for imaging and characterizing the extent of tissue glycation. The characteristic features of multiphoton autofluorescence (MPAF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images as well as MPAF spectra of glycated bovine skin, cornea and aorta were acquired. The analysis of MPAF intensity change accompanying the glycation process shows that collagen is more responsive to the formation of autofluorescent advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) than elastic fibers. Changes in spectral features were also used to estimate the rate of glycation in tissues with intrinsic AF. Our study shows that multiphton imaging may be used for the in vitro investigation of the effects of tissue glycation and that this approach may be used for monitoring AGE formation in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ya Tseng
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ara A. Ghazaryan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wen Lo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Shean-Jen Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Biomedical Molecular Imaging Core, Division of Genomic Medicine, Research Center for Medical Excellence, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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