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Zhao X, Fu X, Blumenthal C, Wang YT, Jenkins MW, Snyder C, Arruda M, Rollins AM. Integrated RFA/PSOCT catheter for real-time guidance of cardiac radio-frequency ablation. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:6400-6411. [PMID: 31065438 PMCID: PMC6490984 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important standard therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, but direct monitoring of tissue treatment is currently lacking. We demonstrate an RFA catheter integrated with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for directly monitoring the RFA process in real time. The integrated RFA/OCT catheter was modified from a standard clinical RFA catheter and includes a miniature forward-viewing cone-scanning OCT probe. The PSOCT system was validated with a quarter-wave plate while the RFA function of the integrated catheter was validated by comparing lesion sizes with those made with an unmodified RFA catheter. Additionally, the integrated catheter guided catheter-tissue apposition and monitored RFA lesion formation in cardiac tissue in real time. The results show that catheter-tissue contact can be characterized by observing the features of the blood and tissue in the acquired OCT images and that RFA lesion formation can be confirmed by monitoring the change in phase retardance in the acquired PSOCT images. This system demonstrates the feasibility of an integrated RFA/OCT catheter to deliver RF energy and image the cardiac wall simultaneously and justifies further research into use of this technology to aid RFA therapy for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Colin Blumenthal
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yves T. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mauricio Arruda
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Papageorgiou EP, Zhang H, Giverts S, Park C, Boser BE, Anwar M. Real-time cancer detection with an integrated lensless fluorescence contact imager. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3607-3623. [PMID: 30338143 PMCID: PMC6191610 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic tumor cell foci left in a patient after surgery significantly increase the chance of cancer recurrence. However, fluorescence microscopes used for intraoperative navigation lack the necessary sensitivity for imaging microscopic disease and are too bulky to maneuver within the resection cavity. We have developed a scalable chip-scale fluorescence contact imager for detecting microscopic cancer in vivo and in real-time. The imager has been characterized under simulated in vivo conditions using ex vivo samples, providing strong evidence that our device can be used in vivo. Angle-selective gratings enhance the resolution of the imager without impacting its physical size. We demonstrate detection of cancer cell clusters containing as few as 25 HCC1569 breast cancer cells and 400 LNCaP prostate cancer cells with integration times of only 50 ms and 70 ms, respectively. A cell cluster recognition algorithm is used to achieve both a sensitivity and specificity of 92 % for HCC1569 cell samples, indicating the reliability of the imager. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation with increased separation is only 1.5 dB at 250 μm. Blood scattering and absorption reduce the SNR by less than 2 dB for typical concentrations. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer tissue taken from a patient is distinguished from normal breast tissue with an integration time of only 75 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P. Papageorgiou
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158,
USA
| | - Simeon Giverts
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Catherine Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158,
USA
| | - Bernhard E. Boser
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
USA
| | - Mekhail Anwar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158,
USA
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3
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Ghijsen M, Rice TB, Yang B, White SM, Tromberg BJ. Wearable speckle plethysmography (SPG) for characterizing microvascular flow and resistance. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3937-3952. [PMID: 30338166 PMCID: PMC6191642 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we introduce a modified form of laser speckle imaging (LSI) referred to as affixed transmission speckle analysis (ATSA) that uses a single coherent light source to probe two physiological signals: one related to pulsatile vascular expansion (classically known as the photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform) and one related to pulsatile vascular blood flow (named here the speckle plethysmographic (SPG) waveform). The PPG signal is determined by recording intensity fluctuations, and the SPG signal is determined via the LSI dynamic light scattering technique. These two co-registered signals are obtained by transilluminating a single digit (e.g. finger) which produces quasi-periodic waveforms derived from the cardiac cycle. Because PPG and SPG waveforms probe vascular expansion and flow, respectively, in cm-thick tissue, these complementary phenomena are offset in time and have rich dynamic features. We characterize the timing offset and harmonic content of the waveforms in 16 human subjects and demonstrate physiologic relevance for assessing microvascular flow and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ghijsen
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tyler B. Rice
- Laser Associated Sciences Inc., 16 Foxglove Way, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Bruce Yang
- Laser Associated Sciences Inc., 16 Foxglove Way, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Sean M. White
- Laser Associated Sciences Inc., 16 Foxglove Way, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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4
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Greening GJ, Miller KP, Spainhour CR, Cato MD, Muldoon TJ. Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on physiological parameters in murine subcutaneous tumor allografts measured via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2871-2886. [PMID: 30258696 PMCID: PMC6154201 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used in murine studies to quantify tumor perfusion and therapeutic response. These studies frequently use inhaled isoflurane anesthesia, which depresses the respiration rate and results in the desaturation of arterial oxygen saturation, potentially affecting tissue physiological parameters. However, there have been no controlled studies quantifying the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on DRS-derived physiological parameters of murine tissue. The goal of this study was to perform DRS on Balb/c mouse (n = 10) tissue under various anesthesia conditions to quantify effects on tissue physiological parameters, including total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, oxyhemoglobin and reduced scattering coefficient. Two independent variables were manipulated including metabolic gas type (pure oxygen vs. medical air) and isoflurane concentration (1.5 to 4.0%). The 1.5% isoflurane and 1 L/min oxygen condition most closely mimicked a no-anesthesia condition with oxyhemoglobin concentration within 89% ± 19% of control. The time-dependent effects of isoflurane anesthesia were tested, revealing that anesthetic induction with 4.0% isoflurane can affect DRS-derived physiological parameters up to 20 minutes post-induction. Finally, spectroscopy with and without isoflurane anesthesia was compared for colon tumor Balb/c-CT26 allografts (n = 5) as a representative model of subcutaneous murine tumor allografts. Overall, isoflurane anesthesia yielded experimentally-induced depressed oxyhemoglobin, and this depression was both concentration and time dependent. Investigators should understand the dynamic effects of isoflurane on tissue physiological parameters measured by DRS. These results may guide investigators in eliminating, limiting, or managing anesthesia-induced physiological changes in DRS studies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J. Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kathryn P. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Caroline R. Spainhour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mattison D. Cato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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5
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Rajaram A, Bale G, Kewin M, Morrison LB, Tachtsidis I, St. Lawrence K, Diop M. Simultaneous monitoring of cerebral perfusion and cytochrome c oxidase by combining broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2588-2603. [PMID: 30258675 PMCID: PMC6154190 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Preterm infants born with very low birth weights are at a high risk of brain injury, in part because the premature brain is believed to be prone to periods of low cerebral blood flow (CBF). Tissue damage is likely to occur if reduction in CBF is sufficient to impair cerebral energy metabolism for extended periods. Therefore, a neuromonitoring method that can detect reductions in CBF, large enough to affect metabolism, could alert the neonatal intensive care team before injury occurs. In this report, we present the development of an optical system that combines diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for monitoring CBF and broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (B-NIRS) for monitoring the oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) - a key biomarker of oxidative metabolism. The hybrid instrument includes a multiplexing system to enable concomitant DCS and B-NIRS measurements while avoiding crosstalk between the two subsystems. The ability of the instrument to monitor dynamic changes in CBF and oxCCO was demonstrated in a piglet model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Experiments conducted in eight animals, including two controls, showed that oxCCO exhibited a delayed response to ischemia while CBF and tissue oxygenation (StO2) responses were instantaneous. These findings suggest that simultaneous neuromonitoring of perfusion and metabolism could provide critical information regarding clinically significant hemodynamic events prior to the onset of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Rajaram
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Gemma Bale
- Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kewin
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Laura B. Morrison
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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6
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Salas M, Augustin M, Felberer F, Wartak A, Laslandes M, Ginner L, Niederleithner M, Ensher J, Minneman MP, Leitgeb RA, Drexler W, Levecq X, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Pircher M. Compact akinetic swept source optical coherence tomography angiography at 1060 nm supporting a wide field of view and adaptive optics imaging modes of the posterior eye. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:1871-1892. [PMID: 29675326 PMCID: PMC5905931 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of the human retina with high resolution is an essential step towards improved diagnosis and treatment control. In this paper, we introduce a compact, clinically user-friendly instrument based on swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). A key feature of the system is the realization of two different operation modes. The first operation mode is similar to conventional OCT imaging and provides large field of view (FoV) images (up to 45° × 30°) of the human retina and choroid with standard resolution. The second operation mode enables it to optically zoom into regions of interest with high transverse resolution using adaptive optics (AO). The FoV of this second operation mode (AO-OCT mode) is 3.0° × 2.8° and enables the visualization of individual retinal cells such as cone photoreceptors or choriocapillaris. The OCT engine is based on an akinetic swept source at 1060 nm and provides an A-scan rate of 200 kHz. Structural as well as angiographic information can be retrieved from the retina and choroid in both operational modes. The capabilities of the prototype are demonstrated in healthy and diseased eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Salas
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and Its Translation to Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Augustin
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Wartak
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Laslandes
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurin Ginner
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and Its Translation to Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Niederleithner
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Ensher
- INSIGHT Photonic Solutions, Inc., Lafayette, CO, USA
| | | | - Rainer A. Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and Its Translation to Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Lin M, Liu Q, Liu C, Qiao X, Shao C, Su X. Label-free light-sheet microfluidic cytometry for the automatic identification of senescent cells. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:1692-1703. [PMID: 29675311 PMCID: PMC5905915 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Label-free microfluidic cytometry is of increasing interest for single cell analysis due to its advantages of high-throughput, miniaturization, as well as noninvasive detection. Here we develop a next generation label-free light-sheet microfluidic cytometer for single cell analysis by two-dimensional (2D) light scattering measurements. Our cytometer integrates light sheet illumination with a disposable hydrodynamic focusing unit, which can achieve 3D hydrodynamic focusing of a sample fluid to a diameter of 19 micrometer without microfabrication. This integration also improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the acquisition of 2D light scattering patterns from label-free cells. Particle sizing with submicron resolution is achieved by our light-sheet flow cytometer, where Euclidean distance-based similarity measures are performed. Label-free, automatic classification of senescent and normal cells is achieved with a high accuracy rate by incorporating our light-sheet flow cytometry with support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Our light-sheet microfluidic cytometry with a microfabrication-free hydrodynamic focusing unit may find wide applications for automatic and label-free clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiai Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Xu Qiao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
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8
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Ullah A, Zhang Y, Iqbal Z, Zhang Y, Wang D, Chen J, Hu P, Chen Z, Huang M. Household light source for potent photo-dynamic antimicrobial effect and wound healing in an infective animal model. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541500 PMCID: PMC5846510 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is considered a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic approach. We have previously developed a novel PS containing five lysine amino acids, pentalysine-β-carbonylphthalocyanine Zinc (ZnPc(Lys)5), which in the presence of light, is highly toxic against a range of bacterial strains, including hospital isolated, drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Here, we study the effect of light fluence of the two light sources on the PACT potency of ZnPc(Lys)5. We observed that an exposure of E.coli to a red LED light for only 2 seconds (light fluence of 0.15 J/cm2) in the presence of ZnPc(Lys)5 significantly eradicated 80% of the E.coli. We further demonstrated that a light fluence of 4.5 J/cm2 from a household light source induced a noticeable photodynamic effect in vitro and in vivo animal model. This study points to a new research direction of reducing light illumination time by increasing potency of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
- The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
- The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan, 22060
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Jincan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China, 100049
| | - Mingdong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 West Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350002
- Fuzhou University, Fujian, China, 350002
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9
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Cha J, Broch A, Mudge S, Kim K, Namgoong JM, Oh E, Kim P. Real-time, label-free, intraoperative visualization of peripheral nerves and micro-vasculatures using multimodal optical imaging techniques. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541506 PMCID: PMC5846516 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, real-time identification and display of critical anatomic structures, such as the nerve and vasculature structures, are critical for reducing complications and improving surgical outcomes. Human vision is frequently limited in clearly distinguishing and contrasting these structures. We present a novel imaging system, which enables noninvasive visualization of critical anatomic structures during surgical dissection. Peripheral nerves are visualized by a snapshot polarimetry that calculates the anisotropic optical properties. Vascular structures, both venous and arterial, are identified and monitored in real-time using a near-infrared laser-speckle-contrast imaging. We evaluate the system by performing in vivo animal studies with qualitative comparison by contrast-agent-aided fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepyeong Cha
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Aline Broch
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Scott Mudge
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kihoon Kim
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, 875 Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan 612-896, South Korea
| | - Jung-Man Namgoong
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eugene Oh
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter Kim
- Sheikh Zyaed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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10
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Deng B, Lundqvist M, Fang Q, Carp SA. Impact of errors in experimental parameters on reconstructed breast images using diffuse optical tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:1130-1150. [PMID: 29541508 PMCID: PMC5846518 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse optical tomography (NIR-DOT) is an emerging technology that offers hemoglobin based, functional imaging tumor biomarkers for breast cancer management. The most promising clinical translation opportunities are in the differential diagnosis of malignant vs. benign lesions, and in early response assessment and guidance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Accurate quantification of the tissue oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration across the field of view, as well as repeatability during longitudinal imaging in the context of therapy guidance, are essential for the successful translation of NIR-DOT to clinical practice. The ill-posed and ill-condition nature of the DOT inverse problem makes this technique particularly susceptible to model errors that may occur, for example, when the experimental conditions do not fully match the assumptions built into the image reconstruction process. To evaluate the susceptibility of DOT images to experimental errors that might be encountered in practice for a parallel-plate NIR-DOT system, we simulated 7 different types of errors, each with a range of magnitudes. We generated simulated data by using digital breast phantoms derived from five actual mammograms of healthy female volunteers, to which we added a 1-cm tumor. After applying each of the experimental error types and magnitudes to the simulated measurements, we reconstructed optical images with and without structural prior guidance and assessed the overall error in the total hemoglobin concentrations (HbT) and in the HbT contrast between the lesion and surrounding area vs. the best-case scenarios. It is found that slight in-plane probe misalignment and plate rotation did not result in large quantification errors. However, any out-of-plane probe tilting could result in significant deterioration in lesion contrast. Among the error types investigated in this work, optical images were the least likely to be impacted by breast shape inaccuracies but suffered the largest deterioration due to cross-talk between signal channels. However, errors in optical images could be effectively controlled when experimental parameters were properly estimated during data acquisition and accounted for in the image processing procedure. Finally, optical images recovered using structural priors were, in general, less susceptible to experimental errors; however, lesion contrasts were more sensitive to errors when tumor locations were used as a priori info. Findings in this simulation study can provide guidelines for system design and operation in optical breast imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mats Lundqvist
- Philips Healthcare, Torshamnsgatan 30A, 164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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11
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Khan A, Pope JM, Verkicharla PK, Suheimat M, Atchison DA. Change in human lens dimensions, lens refractive index distribution and ciliary body ring diameter with accommodation. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541520 PMCID: PMC5846530 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated changes in ciliary body ring diameter, lens dimensions and lens refractive index distributions with accommodation in young adults. A 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner imaged right eyes of 38 18-29 year old participants using a multiple spin echo sequence to determine accommodation-induced changes along lens axial and equatorial directions. Accommodation stimuli were approximately 1 D and 5 D. With accommodation, ciliary body ring diameter, and equatorial lens diameter decreased (-0.43 ± 0.31 mm and -0.30 ± 0.23 mm, respectively), and axial lens thickness increased ( + 0.34 ± 0.16 mm). Lens shape changes cause redistribution of the lens internal structure, leading to change in refractive index distribution profiles. With accommodation, in the axial direction refractive index profiles became flatter in the center and steeper near the periphery of the lens, while in the equatorial direction they became steeper in the center and flatter in the periphery. The results suggest that the anatomical accuracy of lens optical models can be improved by accounting for changes in the refractive index profile during accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar and New York, USA
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - James M. Pope
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pavan K. Verkicharla
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Marwan Suheimat
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - David A. Atchison
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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12
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Hirose K, Aoki T, Furukawa T, Fukushima S, Niioka H, Deguchi S, Hashimoto M. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering rigid endoscope toward robot-assisted surgery. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:387-396. [PMID: 29552380 PMCID: PMC5854045 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Label-free visualization of nerves and nervous plexuses will improve the preservation of neurological functions in nerve-sparing robot-assisted surgery. We have developed a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) rigid endoscope to distinguish nerves from other tissues during surgery. The developed endoscope, which has a tube with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 270 mm, achieved 0.91% image distortion and 8.6% non-uniformity of CARS intensity in the whole field of view (650 μm diameter). We demonstrated CARS imaging of a rat sciatic nerve and visualization of the fine structure of nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Furukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama,
Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - H. Niioka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - S. Deguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - M. Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido,
Japan
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13
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Mazlin V, Xiao P, Dalimier E, Grieve K, Irsch K, Sahel JA, Fink M, Boccara AC. In vivo high resolution human corneal imaging using full-field optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:557-568. [PMID: 29552393 PMCID: PMC5854058 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the first full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) device capable of in vivo imaging of the human cornea. We obtained images of the epithelial structures, Bowman's layer, sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP), anterior and posterior stromal keratocytes, stromal nerves, Descemet's membrane and endothelial cells with visible nuclei. Images were acquired with a high lateral resolution of 1.7 µm and relatively large field-of-view of 1.26 mm x 1.26 mm - a combination, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been possible with other in vivo human eye imaging methods. The latter together with a contactless operation, make FFOCT a promising candidate for becoming a new tool in ophthalmic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mazlin
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Peng Xiao
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Eugénie Dalimier
- LLTech SAS, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Kate Grieve
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Kristina Irsch
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
- Laboratory of Ophthalmic Instrument Development, The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Vision Institute/CIC 1423, UPMC-Sorbonne Universities, UMR_S 968/INSERM, U968/CNRS, UMR_7210, 17 Rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital, 28 Rue de Charenton, Paris, 75012, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathias Fink
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - A. Claude Boccara
- Institute Langevin, ESPCI PARIS, PSL Research University, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
- LLTech SAS, 29 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, Paris, 75014, France
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14
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Cosci A, Nogueira MS, Prataviera S, Takahama A, Azevedo RDS, Kurachi C. Erratum: Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis of actinic cheilitis: erratum. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:648. [PMID: 29552401 PMCID: PMC5854066 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 4210 in vol. 7, PMID: 27867726.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cosci
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
- IFAC-CNR, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Sebastião Prataviera
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ademar Takahama
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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15
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Bangalore-Yogananda CG, Rosenberry R, Soni S, Liu H, Nelson MD, Tian F. Concurrent measurement of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise with diffuse correlation spectroscopy and Doppler ultrasound. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:131-141. [PMID: 29359092 PMCID: PMC5772569 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive, direct measurement of local muscle blood flow in humans remains limited. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique to measure regional blood flow at the microvascular level. In order to better understand the strengths and limitations of this novel technique, we performed a validation study by comparing muscle blood flow changes measured with DCS and Doppler ultrasound during exercise. Nine subjects were measured (all males, 27.4 ± 2.9 years of age) for a rhythmic handgrip exercise at 20% and 50% of individual maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), followed by a post-exercise recovery. The results from DCS and Doppler ultrasound were highly correlated (R = 0.99 ± 0.02). DCS was more reliable and less susceptible to motion artifact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan-Ganesh Bangalore-Yogananda
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Two authors contributed equally
| | - Ryan Rosenberry
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Two authors contributed equally
| | - Sagar Soni
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Hanli Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Michael D. Nelson
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Dr., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Fenghua Tian
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd., Arlington, TX 76010, USA
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16
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Dragojević T, Hollmann JL, Tamborini D, Portaluppi D, Buttafava M, Culver JP, Villa F, Durduran T. Compact, multi-exposure speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) device for measuring deep tissue blood flow. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:322-334. [PMID: 29359106 PMCID: PMC5772585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) measures absolute blood flow in deep tissue, by taking advantage of multi-distance (previously reported in the literature) or multi-exposure (reported here) approach. This method promises to use inexpensive detectors to obtain good signal-to-noise ratio, but it has not yet been implemented in a suitable manner for a mass production. Here we present a new, compact, low power consumption, 32 by 2 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array that has no readout noise, low dead time and has high sensitivity in low light conditions, such as in vivo measurements. To demonstrate the capability to measure blood flow in deep tissue, healthy volunteers were measured, showing no significant differences from the diffuse correlation spectroscopy. In the future, this array can be miniaturized to a low-cost, robust, battery operated wireless device paving the way for measuring blood flow in a wide-range of applications from sport injury recovery and training to, on-field concussion detection to wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Dragojević
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860,
Spain
| | - Joseph L. Hollmann
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860,
Spain
| | - Davide Tamborini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133,
Italy
| | - Davide Portaluppi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133,
Italy
| | - Mauro Buttafava
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133,
Italy
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110,
USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130,
USA
| | - Federica Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133,
Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860,
Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona,
Spain
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17
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Li J, Qiu L, Poon CS, Sunar U. Analytical models for time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy for multi-layer and heterogeneous turbid media. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5518-5532. [PMID: 29296485 PMCID: PMC5745100 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) has been recently proposed, which has the unique advantage by simultaneous measurements of optical and dynamical properties in a scattering medium. In this study, analytical models for calculating the time-resolved electric-field autocorrelation function is presented for a multi-layer turbid sample, as well as a semi-infinite medium embedded with a small dynamic heterogeneity. To verify the analytical models, we used Monte Carlo simulations, which demonstrated that the theoretical prediction for the time-resolved autocorrelation function was highly consistent with the Monte Carlo simulation, validating the proposed analytical models. Using these analytical models, we also showed that TD-DCS has a higher sensitivity compared to conventional continuous-wave (CW) DCS for detecting the deeper dynamics. The presented analytical models and simulations can be utilized for quantification of optical and dynamical properties from future TD-DCS experimental data as well as for optimization of the experimental design to achieve maximum contrast for deep tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Lina Qiu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chien-Sing Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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18
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Bennett A, Sirkis T, Beiderman Y, Agdarov S, Beiderman Y, Zalevsky Z. Approach to breast cancer early detection via tracking of secondary speckle patterns reflected from the skin with artificial intradermal impurity. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5359-5367. [PMID: 29296472 PMCID: PMC5745087 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a major cause of death among women. The lifetime risk of a woman developing this disease has been established as one in eight. The most useful way to reduce breast cancer death is to treat the disease as early as possible. The existing methods of early diagnostics of breast cancer are mainly based on screening mammography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) periodically conducted at medical facilities. In this paper the authors proposing a new approach for simple breast cancer detection. It is based on skin stimulation by sound waves, illuminating it by laser beam and tracking the reflected secondary speckle patterns. As first approach, plastic balls of different sizes were placed under the skin of chicken breast and detected by the proposed method.
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19
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Pagliazzi M, Sekar SKV, Colombo L, Martinenghi E, Minnema J, Erdmann R, Contini D, Mora AD, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Durduran T. Time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a high coherence pulsed source: in vivo and phantom results. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5311-5325. [PMID: 29188122 PMCID: PMC5695972 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), combined with time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) or frequency domain spectroscopy, aims at path length (i.e. depth) resolved, non-invasive and simultaneous assessment of tissue composition and blood flow. However, while TRS provides a path length resolved data, the standard DCS does not. Recently, a time domain DCS experiment showed path length resolved measurements for improved quantification with respect to classical DCS, but was limited to phantoms and small animal studies. Here, we demonstrate time domain DCS for in vivo studies on the adult forehead and the arm. We achieve path length resolved DCS by means of an actively mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser that allows high coherence pulses, thus enabling adequate signal-to-noise ratio in relatively fast (~1 s) temporal resolution. This work paves the way to the translation of this approach to practical in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - L. Colombo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J. Minnema
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - D. Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T. Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Ivančič M, Naglič P, Pernuš F, Likar B, Bürmen M. Virtually increased acceptance angle for efficient estimation of spatially resolved reflectance in the subdiffusive regime: a Monte Carlo study. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4872-4886. [PMID: 29188088 PMCID: PMC5695938 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light propagation in biological tissues is frequently modeled by the Monte Carlo (MC) method, which requires processing of many photon packets to obtain adequate quality of the observed backscattered signal. The computation times further increase for detection schemes with small acceptance angles and hence small fraction of the collected backscattered photon packets. In this paper, we investigate the use of a virtually increased acceptance angle for efficient MC simulation of spatially resolved reflectance and estimation of optical properties by an inverse model. We devise a robust criterion for approximation of the maximum virtual acceptance angle and evaluate the proposed methodology for a wide range of tissue-like optical properties and various source configurations.
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21
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Liu T, Jung H, Liu J, Droettboom M, Tam J. Noninvasive near infrared autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the human retina using adaptive optics. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4348-4360. [PMID: 29082069 PMCID: PMC5654784 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contain intrinsic fluorophores that can be visualized using infrared autofluorescence (IRAF). Although IRAF is routinely utilized in the clinic for visualizing retinal health and disease, currently, it is not possible to discern cellular details using IRAF due to limits in resolution. We demonstrate that the combination of adaptive optics (AO) with IRAF (AO-IRAF) enables higher-resolution imaging of the IRAF signal, revealing the RPE mosaic in the living human eye. Quantitative analysis of visualized RPE cells in 10 healthy subjects across various eccentricities demonstrates the possibility for in vivo density measurements of RPE cells, which range from 6505 to 5388 cells/mm2 for the areas measured (peaking at the fovea). We also identified cone photoreceptors in relation to underlying RPE cells, and found that RPE cells support on average up to 18.74 cone photoreceptors in the fovea down to an average of 1.03 cone photoreceptors per RPE cell at an eccentricity of 6 mm. Clinical application of AO-IRAF to a patient with retinitis pigmentosa illustrates the potential for AO-IRAF imaging to become a valuable complementary approach to the current landscape of high resolution imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - HaeWon Jung
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jianfei Liu
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Johnny Tam
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Chen H, Woodward MA, Burke DT, Jeganathan VSE, Demirci H, Sick V. Human iris three-dimensional imaging at micron resolution by a micro-plenoptic camera. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4514-4522. [PMID: 29082081 PMCID: PMC5654796 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A micro-plenoptic system was designed to capture the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the anterior iris surface by simple single-shot imaging. Within a depth-of-field of 2.4 mm, depth resolution of 10 µm can be achieved with accuracy (systematic errors) and precision (random errors) below 20%. We demonstrated the application of our micro-plenoptic imaging system on two healthy irides, an iris with naevi, and an iris with melanoma. The ridges and folds, with height differences of 10~80 µm, on the healthy irides can be effectively captured. The front surface on the iris naevi was flat, and the iris melanoma was 50 ± 10 µm higher than the surrounding iris. The micro-plenoptic imaging system has great potential to be utilized for iris disease diagnosis and continuing, simple monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1231 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria A. Woodward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - David T. Burke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1241 E Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - V. Swetha E. Jeganathan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Volker Sick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1231 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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23
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Hwang CS, Yang SP, Jang KW, Park JW, Jeong KH. Angle-selective optical filter for highly sensitive reflection photoplethysmogram. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4361-4368. [PMID: 29082070 PMCID: PMC5654785 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an angle-selective optical filter (ASOF) for highly sensitive reflection photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. The ASOF features slanted aluminum (Al) micromirror arrays embedded in transparent polymer resin, which effectively block scattered light under human tissue. The device microfabrication was done by using geometry-guided resist reflow of polymer micropatterns, polydimethylsiloxane replica molding, and oblique angle deposition of thin Al film. The angular transmittance through the ASOF is precisely controlled by the angle of micromirrors. For the mirror angle of 30 degrees, the ASOF accepts an incident light between - 90 to + 50 degrees and the maximum transmittance at - 55 degrees. The ASOF exhibits the substantial reduction of both the in-band noise of PPG signals over a factor of two and the low-frequency noise by three times. Consequently, this filter allows distinguishing the diastolic peak that allows miscellaneous parameters with diverse vascular information. This optical filter provides a new opportunity for highly sensitive PPG monitoring or miscellaneous optical tomography.
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24
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Bizheva K, Tan B, MacLellan B, Hosseinaee Z, Mason E, Hileeto D, Sorbara L. In-vivo imaging of the palisades of Vogt and the limbal crypts with sub-micrometer axial resolution optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4141-4151. [PMID: 28966853 PMCID: PMC5611929 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A research-grade OCT system was used to image in-vivo and without contact with the tissue, the cellular structure and microvasculature of the healthy human corneo-scleral limbus. The OCT system provided 0.95 µm axial and 4 µm (2 µm) lateral resolution in biological tissue depending on the magnification of the imaging objective. Cross-sectional OCT images acquired tangentially from the inferior limbus showed reflective, loop-like features that correspond to the fibrous folds of the palisades of Vogt (POV). The high OCT resolution allowed for visualization of individual cells inside the limbal crypts, capillaries extending from the inside of the POV's fibrous folds and connecting to a lateral grid of micro-vessels located in the connective tissue directly below the POV, as well as reflections from individual red blood cells inside the capillaries. Difference in the reflective properties of the POV was observed among subjects of various pigmentation levels of the POV. Morphological features observed in the high resolution OCT images correlated well with histology. The ability to visualize the limbal morphology and microvasculature in-vivo at cellular level can aid the diagnostics and treatment of limbal stem cell dysfunction and dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadinka Bizheva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin MacLellan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zohreh Hosseinaee
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Erik Mason
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Denise Hileeto
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luigina Sorbara
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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25
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Ezerskaia A, Ras A, Bloemen P, Pereira SF, Urbach HP, Varghese B. High sensitivity optical measurement of skin gloss. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3981-3992. [PMID: 29026683 PMCID: PMC5611917 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a low-cost optical method for measuring the gloss properties with improved sensitivity in the low gloss regime, relevant for skin gloss properties. The gloss estimation method is based on, on the one hand, the slope of the intensity gradient in the transition regime between specular and diffuse reflection and on the other on the sum over the intensities of pixels above threshold, derived from a camera image obtained using unpolarized white light illumination. We demonstrate the improved sensitivity of the two proposed methods using Monte Carlo simulations and experiments performed on ISO gloss calibration standards with an optical prototype. The performance and linearity of the method was compared with different professional gloss measurement devices based on the ratio of specular to diffuse intensity. We demonstrate the feasibility for in-vivo skin gloss measurements by quantifying the temporal evolution of skin gloss after application of standard paraffin cream bases on skin. The presented method opens new possibilities in the fields of cosmetology and dermatopharmacology for measuring the skin gloss and resorption kinetics and the pharmacodynamics of various external agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ezerskaia
- Department of Personal Care and Wellness, Philips Research, 5656AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Optics Research Group, ImPhys Department, TNW Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, the Netherlands
| | - Arno Ras
- Department of Multiphysics and Optics, Philips Research, 5656AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bloemen
- Department of Multiphysics and Optics, Philips Research, 5656AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Silvania F. Pereira
- Optics Research Group, ImPhys Department, TNW Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, the Netherlands
| | - H. Paul Urbach
- Optics Research Group, ImPhys Department, TNW Faculty, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, the Netherlands
| | - Babu Varghese
- Department of Personal Care and Wellness, Philips Research, 5656AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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26
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Matz G, Messerschmidt B, Göbel W, Filser S, Betz CS, Kirsch M, Uckermann O, Kunze M, Flämig S, Ehrhardt A, Irion KM, Haack M, Dorostkar MM, Herms J, Gross H. Chip-on-the-tip compact flexible endoscopic epifluorescence video-microscope for in-vivo imaging in medicine and biomedical research. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3329-3342. [PMID: 28717570 PMCID: PMC5508831 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 60 mg light video-endomicroscope with a cylindrical shape of the rigid tip of only 1.6 mm diameter and 6.7 mm length. A novel implementation method of the illumination unit in the endomicroscope is presented. It allows for the illumination of the biological sample with fiber-coupled LED light at 455 nm and the imaging of the red-shifted fluorescence light above 500 nm in epi-direction. A large numerical aperture of 0.7 leads to a sub-cellular resolution and yields to high-contrast images within a field of view of 160 μm. A miniaturized chip-on-the-tip CMOS image sensor with more than 150,000 pixels captures the multicolor images at 30 fps. Considering size, plug-and-play capability, optical performance, flexibility and weight, we hence present a probe which sets a new benchmark in the field of epifluorescence endomicroscopes. Several ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments in rodents and humans suggest future application in biomedical fields, especially in the neuroscience community, as well as in medical applications targeting optical biopsies or the detection of cellular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Matz
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, FSU Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07737 Jena,
Germany
| | | | - Werner Göbel
- KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Mittelstrasse 8, 78532 Tuttlingen,
Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich,
Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Marcel Kunze
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - Sven Flämig
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - André Ehrhardt
- KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Mittelstrasse 8, 78532 Tuttlingen,
Germany
| | | | - Mareike Haack
- Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 13, 81377 Munich,
Germany
| | | | - Jochen Herms
- LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich,
Germany
| | - Herbert Gross
- Institute of Applied Physics, FSU Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07737 Jena,
Germany
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27
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Hasegawa M, Wandera EA, Inoue Y, Kimura N, Sasaki R, Mizukami T, Shah MM, Shirai N, Takei O, Shindo H, Ichinose Y. Detection of rotavirus in clinical specimens using an immunosensor prototype based on the photon burst counting technique. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3383-3394. [PMID: 28717574 PMCID: PMC5508835 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive fluorescence sensor was developed for the detection of small, fluorescence-labeled particles dispersed in a solution. The prototype system comprises of a laser confocal optical system and a mechanical sample stage to detect photon bursting of fluorescence-labeled small particles in sample volumes less than 5 μL within 3 minutes. To examine the feasibility of the prototype system as a diagnostic tool, assemblages of rotavirus and fluorescence-labeled antibody were analyzed. The detection sensitivity for rotavirus was 1 × 104 pfu/mL. Rotavirus in stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis was also detected. The advantages and disadvantages of this immunosensor with respect to ELISA and RT-PCR, the current gold standards for virus detection, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Ernest Apondi Wandera
- Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Nanami Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tamio Mizukami
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bioscience and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama-shi, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Mohammad Monir Shah
- Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shirai
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kami-Toyama, Ritto-shi, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Osamu Takei
- LIFETECH Co. Ltd., 4074, Miyadera, Iruma-shi, Saitama 358-0014, Japan
| | - Hironori Shindo
- Matsunami Glass IND. Ltd., 2-1-10 Yasaka, Kishiwada-shi, Osaka 596-0049, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ichinose
- Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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28
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Binzoni T, Sassaroli A, Torricelli A, Spinelli L, Farina A, Durduran T, Cavalieri S, Pifferi A, Martelli F. Depth sensitivity of frequency domain optical measurements in diffusive media. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2990-3004. [PMID: 28663921 PMCID: PMC5480444 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The depth sensitivity functions for AC amplitude, phase (PH) and DC intensity signals have been obtained in the frequency domain (where the source amplitude is modulated at radio-frequencies) by making use of analytical solutions of the photon diffusion equation in an infinite slab geometry. Furthermore, solutions for the relative contrast of AC, PH and DC signals when a totally absorbing plane is placed at a fixed depth of the slab have also been obtained. The solutions have been validated by comparisons with gold standard Monte Carlo simulations. The obtained results show that the AC signal, for modulation frequencies < 200 MHz, has a depth sensitivity with similar characteristics to that of the continuous-wave (CW) domain (source modulation frequency of zero). Thus, the depth probed by such a signal can be estimated by using the formula of penetration depth for the CW domain (Sci. Rep.6, 27057 (2016)). However, the PH signal has a different behavior compared to the CW domain, showing a larger depth sensitivity at shallow depths and a less steep relative contrast as a function of depth. These results mark a clear difference in term of depth sensitivity between AC and PH signals, and highlight the complexity of the estimation of the actual depth probed in tissue spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Binzoni
- Département de Neurosciences Fondamentales, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Département de l'Imagerie et des Sciences de l'Information Médicale, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (Barcelona, Spain)
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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29
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Makita S, Yasuno Y. Detection of local tissue alteration during retinal laser photocoagulation of ex vivo porcine eyes using phase-resolved optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3067-3080. [PMID: 28663927 PMCID: PMC5480450 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal laser photocoagulation is used to treat several ophthalmic diseases. However, it is associated with damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Local tissue alteration during coagulation laser illumination was measured using phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) M-mode scan as a change in the local optical path length (LOPL). A metric that represents global net tissue alteration was defined using the LOPL change. The visibility of a laser lesion was assessed by three-dimensional OCT volume measurement. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the introduced metric and the laser lesion visibility. The metric was found to be a statistically significant predictor of the laser lesion visibility independent to laser condition. The proposed method based on an LOPL change is thus promising for retinal photocoagulation monitoring.
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30
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Farzam P, Johansson J, Mireles M, Jiménez-Valerio G, Martínez-Lozano M, Choe R, Casanovas O, Durduran T. Pre-clinical longitudinal monitoring of hemodynamic response to anti-vascular chemotherapy by hybrid diffuse optics. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2563-2582. [PMID: 28663891 PMCID: PMC5480498 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal effect of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) antibody (DC 101) therapy on a xenografted renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mouse model was monitored using hybrid diffuse optics. Two groups of immunosuppressed male nude mice (seven treated, seven controls) were measured. Tumor microvascular blood flow, total hemoglobin concentration and blood oxygenation were investigated as potential biomarkers for the monitoring of the therapy effect twice a week and were related to the final treatment outcome. These hemodynamic biomarkers have shown a clear differentiation between two groups by day four. Moreover, we have observed that pre-treatment values and early changes in hemodynamics are highly correlated with the therapeutic outcome demonstrating the potential of diffuse optics to predict the therapy response at an early time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farzam
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129,
USA
| | - Johannes Johansson
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Miguel Mireles
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Gabriela Jiménez-Valerio
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-Lozano
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627,
USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627,
USA
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015, Barcelona,
Spain
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31
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Sexton KJ, Zhao Y, Davis SC, Jiang S, Pogue BW. Optimization of fluorescent imaging in the operating room through pulsed acquisition and gating to ambient background cycling. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2635-2648. [PMID: 28663895 PMCID: PMC5480502 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of fluorescence imaging instruments for surgical guidance is rapidly evolving, and a key issue is to efficiently capture signals with high ambient room lighting. Here, we introduce a novel time-gated approach to fluorescence imaging synchronizing acquisition to the 120 Hz light of the room, with pulsed LED excitation and gated ICCD detection. It is shown that under bright ambient room light this technique allows for the detection of physiologically relevant nanomolar fluorophore concentrations, and in particular reduces the light fluctuations present from the room lights, making low concentration measurements more reliable. This is particularly relevant for the light bands near 700nm that are more dominated by ambient lights.
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32
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Bu R, Balakrishnan S, Iftimia N, Price H, Zdanski C, Oldenburg AL. Airway compliance measured by anatomic optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2195-2209. [PMID: 28736665 PMCID: PMC5516819 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of airway compliance can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive airway disorders by detecting regions vulnerable to collapse. Here we evaluate the ability of a swept-source anatomic optical coherence tomography (SSaOCT) system to quantify airway cross-sectional compliance (CC) by measuring changes in the luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) under physiologically relevant pressures of 10-40 cmH2O. The accuracy and precision of CC measurements are determined using simulations of non-uniform rotation distortion (NURD) endemic to endoscopic scanning, and experiments performed in a simplified tube phantom and ex vivo porcine tracheas. NURD simulations show that CC measurements are typically more accurate than that of the CSAs from which they are derived. Phantom measurements of CSA versus pressure exhibit high linearity (R2>0.99), validating the dynamic range of the SSaOCT system. Tracheas also exhibited high linearity (R2 = 0.98) suggestive of linear elasticity, while CC measurements were obtained with typically ± 12% standard error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
| | - Santosh Balakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
| | - Nicusor Iftimia
- Physical Sciences Inc., New England Business Center, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Hillel Price
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
| | - Carlton Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - Amy L. Oldenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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33
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Shadfan A, Darwiche H, Blanco J, Gillenwater A, Richards-Kortum R, Tkaczyk TS. Development of a multimodal foveated endomicroscope for the detection of oral cancer. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:1525-1535. [PMID: 28663847 PMCID: PMC5480562 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A multimodal endomicroscope was developed for cancer detection that combines hyperspectral and confocal imaging through a single foveated objective and a vibrating optical fiber bundle. Standard clinical examination has a limited ability to identify early stage oral cancer. Optical detection methods are typically restricted by either achievable resolution or a small field-of-view. By combining high resolution and widefield spectral imaging into a single probe, a device was developed that provides spectral and spatial information over a 5 mm field to locate suspicious lesions that can then be inspected in high resolution mode. The device was evaluated on ex vivo biopsies of human oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shadfan
- Rice University, Bioengineering Department, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hawraa Darwiche
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Blanco
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann Gillenwater
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Tomasz S. Tkaczyk
- Rice University, Bioengineering Department, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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34
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Kasaragod D, Makita S, Hong YJ, Yasuno Y. Noise stochastic corrected maximum a posteriori estimator for birefringence imaging using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:653-669. [PMID: 28270974 PMCID: PMC5330548 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a noise-stochastic corrected maximum a posteriori estimator for birefringence imaging using Jones matrix optical coherence tomography. The estimator described in this paper is based on the relationship between probability distribution functions of the measured birefringence and the effective signal to noise ratio (ESNR) as well as the true birefringence and the true ESNR. The Monte Carlo method is used to numerically describe this relationship and adaptive 2D kernel density estimation provides the likelihood for a posteriori estimation of the true birefringence. Improved estimation is shown for the new estimator with stochastic model of ESNR in comparison to the old estimator, both based on the Jones matrix noise model. A comparison with the mean estimator is also done. Numerical simulation validates the superiority of the new estimator. The superior performance of the new estimator was also shown by in vivo measurement of optic nerve head.
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Cernat R, Bradu A, Israelsen NM, Bang O, Rivet S, Keane PA, Heath DG, Rajendram R, Podoleanu A. Gabor fusion master slave optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:813-827. [PMID: 28270987 PMCID: PMC5330593 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of the Gabor filtering protocol to a Master/Slave (MS) swept source optical coherence tomography (SS)-OCT system at 1300 nm. The MS-OCT system delivers information from selected depths, a property that allows operation similar to that of a time domain OCT system, where dynamic focusing is possible. The Gabor filtering processing following collection of multiple data from different focus positions is different from that utilized by a conventional swept source OCT system using a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) to produce an A-scan. Instead of selecting the bright parts of A-scans for each focus position, to be placed in a final B-scan image (or in a final volume), and discarding the rest, the MS principle can be employed to advantageously deliver signal from the depths within each focus range only. The MS procedure is illustrated on creating volumes of data of constant transversal resolution from a cucumber and from an insect by repeating data acquisition for 4 different focus positions. In addition, advantage is taken from the tolerance to dispersion of the MS principle that allows automatic compensation for dispersion created by layers above the object of interest. By combining the two techniques, Gabor filtering and Master/Slave, a powerful imaging instrument is demonstrated. The master/slave technique allows simultaneous display of three categories of images in one frame: multiple depth en-face OCT images, two cross-sectional OCT images and a confocal like image obtained by averaging the en-face ones. We also demonstrate the superiority of MS-OCT over its FFT based counterpart when used with a Gabor filtering OCT instrument in terms of the speed of assembling the fused volume. For our case, we show that when more than 4 focus positions are required to produce the final volume, MS is faster than the conventional FFT based procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Cernat
- Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, UK
| | - Adrian Bradu
- Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, UK
| | - Niels Møller Israelsen
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Bang
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sylvain Rivet
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 938 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie et Optique Laser, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, C.S. 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pearse A. Keane
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - David-Garway Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Ranjan Rajendram
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Adrian Podoleanu
- Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, UK
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Sajjadi AY, Isakoff SJ, Deng B, Singh B, Wanyo CM, Fang Q, Specht MC, Schapira L, Moy B, Bardia A, Boas DA, Carp SA. Normalization of compression-induced hemodynamics in patients responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitored by dynamic tomographic optical breast imaging (DTOBI). Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:555-569. [PMID: 28270967 PMCID: PMC5330555 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We characterize novel breast cancer imaging biomarkers for monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and predicting outcome. Specifically, we recruited 30 patients for a pilot study in which NACT patients were imaged using dynamic tomographic optical breast imaging (DTOBI) to quantify the hemodynamic changes due to partial mammographic compression. DTOBI scans were obtained pre-treatment (referred to as day 0), as well as 7 and 30 days into therapy on female patients undergoing NACT. We present data for the 13 patients who participated in both day 0 and 7 measurements and had evaluable data, of which 7 also returned for day 30 measurements. We acquired optical images over 2 minutes following 4-8 lbs (18-36 N) of compression. The timecourses of tissue-volume averaged total hemoglobin (HbT), as well as hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) in the tumor vs. surrounding tissues were compared. Outcome prediction metrics based on the differential behavior in tumor vs. normal areas for responders (>50% reduction in maximum diameter) vs. non-responders were analyzed for statistical significance. At baseline, all patients exhibit an initial decrease followed by delayed recovery in HbT, and SO2 in the tumor area, in contrast to almost immediate recovery in surrounding tissue. At day 7 and 30, this contrast is maintained in non-responders; however, in responders, the contrast in hemodynamic time-courses between tumor and normal tissue starts decreasing at day 7 and substantially disappears at day 30. At day 30 into NACT, responding tumors demonstrate "normalization" of compression induced hemodynamics vs. surrounding normal tissue whereas non-responding tumors did not. This data suggests that DTOBI imaging biomarkers, which are governed by the interplay between tissue biomechanics and oxygen metabolism, may be suitable for guiding NACT by offering early predictions of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Y Sajjadi
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work;
| | - Steven J Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work;
| | - Bin Deng
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bhawana Singh
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christy M Wanyo
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 0211, USA
| | - Michelle C Specht
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lidia Schapira
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Stefan A Carp
- Optics Division, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Pence IJ, Beaulieu DB, Horst SN, Bi X, Herline AJ, Schwartz DA, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Clinical characterization of in vivo inflammatory bowel disease with Raman spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:524-535. [PMID: 28270965 PMCID: PMC5330549 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), affects over 1 million Americans and 2 million Europeans, and the incidence is increasing worldwide. While these diseases require unique medical care, the differentiation between UC and CD lacks a gold standard, and therefore relies on long term follow up, success or failure of existing treatment, and recurrence of the disease. Here, we present colonoscopy-coupled fiber optic probe-based Raman spectroscopy as a minimally-invasive diagnostic tool for IBD of the colon (UC and Crohn's colitis). This pilot in vivo study of subjects with existing IBD diagnoses of UC (n = 8), CD (n = 15), and normal control (n = 8) aimed to characterize spectral signatures of UC and CD. Samples were correlated with tissue pathology markers and endoscopic evaluation. The collected spectra were processed and analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques to identify spectral markers and discriminate IBD and disease classes. Confounding factors including the presence of active inflammation and the particular colon segment measured were investigated and integrated into the devised prediction algorithm, reaching 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity to CD from this in vivo data set. These results represent significant progress towards improved real-time classification for accurate and automated in vivo detection and discrimination of IBD during colonoscopy procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. Pence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Dawn B. Beaulieu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Sara N. Horst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Xiaohong Bi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Alan J. Herline
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Song Y, Garcia S, Frometa Y, Ramella-Roman JC, Soltani M, Almadi M, Riera JJ, Lin WC. Quantitative assessment of hemodynamic and structural characteristics of in vivo brain tissue using total diffuse reflectance spectrum measured in a non-contact fashion. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:78-103. [PMID: 28101403 PMCID: PMC5231317 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a new methodology that investigates the intrinsic structural and hemodynamic characteristics of in vivo brain tissue, in a non-contact fashion, and can be easily incorporated in an intra-operative environment. Within this methodology, relative total diffuse reflectance spectra (RTD(λ)) were acquired from targets using a hybrid spectroscopy imaging system. A spectral interpretation algorithm was subsequently applied to RTD(λ) to retrieve optical properties related to the compositional and structural characteristics of each target. Estimation errors of the proposed methodology were computationally evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation model for photon migration under various conditions. It was discovered that this new methodology could handle moderate noise and achieve very high accuracy, but only if the refractive index of the target is known. The accuracy of the technique was also validated using a series of tissue phantom studies, and consistent and accurate estimates of μs'(λ)/μa(λ) were obtained from all the phantoms tested. Finally, a small-scale animal study was conducted to demonstrate the clinical utility of the reported method, wherein a forepaw stimulation model was utilized to induce transient hemodynamic responses in somatosensory cortices. With this approach, significant stimulation-related changes (p < 0.001) in cortical hemodynamic and structural characteristics were successfully measured.
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Keenan M, Tate TH, Kieu K, Black JF, Utzinger U, Barton JK. Design and characterization of a combined OCT and wide field imaging falloposcope for ovarian cancer detection. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:124-136. [PMID: 28101406 PMCID: PMC5231286 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of ovarian cancer is only achieved in around 20% of women due to lack of effective screening. We propose a method for surveillance of high risk women based on a microendoscope introduced transvaginally to image the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This requires extreme miniaturization of the optics and catheter sheath. We describe the design of a falloposcope that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wide field imaging into a sub-1 mm diameter package. We characterize the systems and show that they provide contrast on ex-vivo samples of ovary and fallopian tube. In addition, we show the mechanical performance of the endoscope in an anatomically correct model of the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Keenan
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Tyler H. Tate
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Khanh Kieu
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John F. Black
- Glannaventa Inc., 2276 Allegheny Way, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Salas M, Augustin M, Ginner L, Kumar A, Baumann B, Leitgeb R, Drexler W, Prager S, Hafner J, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Pircher M. Visualization of micro-capillaries using optical coherence tomography angiography with and without adaptive optics. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:207-222. [PMID: 28101412 PMCID: PMC5231293 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the benefits of adaptive optics (AO) technology for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). OCTA has shown great potential in non-invasively enhancing the contrast of vessels and small capillaries. Especially the capability of the technique to visualize capillaries with a lateral extension that is below the transverse resolution of the system opens unique opportunities in diagnosing retinal vascular diseases. However, there are some limitations of this technology such as shadowing and projection artifacts caused by overlying vasculature or the inability to determine the true extension of a vessel. Thus, the evaluation of the vascular structure and density based on OCTA alone can be misleading. In this paper we compare the performance of AO-OCT, AO-OCTA and OCTA for imaging retinal vasculature. The improved transverse resolution and the reduced depth of focus of AO-OCT and AO-OCTA greatly reduce shadowing artifacts allowing for a better differentiation and segmentation of different vasculature layers of the inner retina. The comparison is done on images recorded in healthy volunteers and in diabetic patients with distinct pathologies of the retinal microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Salas
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Augustin
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurin Ginner
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and Its Translation to Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Optical Imaging and Its Translation to Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Prager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hafner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Pircher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Nandy S, Sanders M, Zhu Q. Classification and analysis of human ovarian tissue using full field optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:5182-5187. [PMID: 28018734 PMCID: PMC5175561 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a full field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) system was used to analyze and classify normal and malignant human ovarian tissue. 14 ovarian tissue samples (7 normal, 7 malignant) were imaged with the FFOCT system and five features were extracted by analyzing the normalized image histogram from 56 FFOCT images, based on the differences in the morphology of the normal and malignant tissue samples. A generalized linear model (GLM) classifier was trained using 36 images, and sensitivity of 95.3% and specificity of 91.1% was obtained. 20 images were used to test the model, and a sensitivity of 91.6% and specificity of 87.7% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Melinda Sanders
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Pathology, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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Pollnau M, Hammer M, Dongre C, Hoekstra HJWM. Combined microfluidic-optical DNA analysis with single-base-pair sizing capability. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:5201-5207. [PMID: 28018736 PMCID: PMC5175563 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequencing by microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) enables cheap, high-speed analysis of low reagent volumes. One of its potential applications is the identification of genomic deletions or insertions associated with genetic illnesses. Detecting single base-pair insertions or deletions from DNA fragments in the diagnostically relevant size range of 150-1000 base-pairs requires a variance of σ2 < 10-3. In a microfluidic chip post-processed by femtosecond-laser writing of an optical waveguide we CE-separated 12 blue-labeled and 23 red-labeled DNA fragments in size. Each set was excited by either of two lasers power-modulated at different frequencies, their fluorescence detected by a photomultiplier, and blue and red signals distinguished by Fourier analysis. We tested different calibration strategies. Choice of the fluorescent label as well as the applied fit function strongly influence the obtained variance, whereas fluctuations between two consecutive experiments are less detrimental in a laboratory environment. We demonstrate a variance of σ2 ≈4 × 10-4, lower than required for the detection of single base-pair insertion or deletion in an optofluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pollnau
- Integrated Optical Microsystems Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials and Nano Physics, School of Information and Communication Technology, KTH−Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, Isafjordsgatan 22−24, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Manfred Hammer
- Integrated Optical Microsystems Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Electrical Engineering, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Chaitanya Dongre
- Integrated Optical Microsystems Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo J. W. M. Hoekstra
- Integrated Optical Microsystems Group, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Pollonini L, Bortfeld H, Oghalai JS. PHOEBE: a method for real time mapping of optodes-scalp coupling in functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:5104-5119. [PMID: 28018728 PMCID: PMC5175555 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) instrumentation encompasses several dozen of optodes to enable reconstructing a hemodynamic image of the entire cerebral cortex. Despite its potential clinical applicability, widespread use of fNIRS with human subjects is currently limited by unresolved issues, namely the collection from the entirety of optical channels of signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) sufficient to carry out a reliable estimation of cortical hemodynamics, and the considerable amount of time that placing numerous optodes take with individuals for whom achieving good optical coupling to the scalp is difficult due to thick or dark hair. To address these issues, we developed a numerical method that: 1) at the channel level, computes an objective measure of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) related to its optical coupling to the scalp, akin to electrode conductivity used in electroencephalography (EEG), and 2) at the optode level, determines and displays the coupling status of all individual optodes in real time on a model of a human head. This approach aims to shorten the pre-acquisition preparation time by visually displaying which optodes require further adjustment for optimum scalp coupling, and to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of all optical channels contributing to the functional hemodynamic mapping. The methodology described in this paper has been implemented in a software tool named PHOEBE (placing headgear optodes efficiently before experimentation) that is freely available for use by the fNIRS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pollonini
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, 4734 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Heather Bortfeld
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - John S. Oghalai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Yu L, Wu Y, Dunn JF, Murari K. In-vivo monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation in deep brain structures using a single fiber optical system. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4685-4694. [PMID: 27896007 PMCID: PMC5119607 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single fiber optical system for monitoring tissue oxygen saturation (sO2) based on continuous-wave reflectance spectroscopy in the visible wavelengths. The system is designed for measurements in deep brain structures by stereotaxically implanting the 200 μm-core fiber probe into the tissue of interest. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to estimate the measurement tissue volume between 0.02-0.03 mm3. Experiments in an optical phantom indicated the system had a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 4.21% compared with a commercial fluorescence-based tissue oxygen partial pressure measuring system. Finally, we used the system for continuously monitoring tissue sO2 from a highly-localized volume in anesthetized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Yu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary,
Canada
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary,
Canada
| | - Jeff F. Dunn
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,
Canada
- Experimental Imaging Centre, University of Calgary,
Canada
| | - Kartikeya Murari
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary,
Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,
Canada
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45
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Koo D, Park HC, Gehlbach PL, Song C. Development and preliminary results of bimanual smart micro-surgical system using a ball-lens coupled OCT distance sensor. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4816-4826. [PMID: 27896018 PMCID: PMC5119618 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bimanual surgery enhances surgical effectiveness and is required to successfully accomplish complex microsurgical tasks. The essential advantage is the ability to simultaneously grasp tissue with one hand to provide counter traction or exposure, while dissecting with the other. Towards enhancing the precision and safety of bimanual microsurgery we present a bimanual SMART micro-surgical system for a preliminary ex-vivo study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a handheld bimanual microsurgical system. The essential components include a ball-lens coupled common-path swept source optical coherence tomography sensor. This system effectively suppresses asynchronous hand tremor using two PZT motors in feedback control loop and efficiently assists ambidextrous tasks. It allows precise bimanual dissection of biological tissues with a reduction in operating time as compared to the same tasks performed with conventional one-handed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Koo
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Peter L. Gehlbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cheol Song
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-Daero, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
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Phan P, Highton D, Lai J, Smith M, Elwell C, Tachtsidis I. Multi-channel multi-distance broadband near-infrared spectroscopy system to measure the spatial response of cellular oxygen metabolism and tissue oxygenation. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4424-4440. [PMID: 27895985 PMCID: PMC5119585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a multi-channel, multi-distance broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system with the capability of measuring changes in haemoglobin concentrations (Δ[HbO2], Δ[HHb]), oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) and tissue oxygen saturation (TOI) in the adult human brain. The main components of the instrument are two customized spectrographs and two light sources. Each spectrograph is lens-based to improve light throughput, has a grating enhanced to optimise reflection in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region and uses a front illuminated cooled CCD camera (-70° C) with a square chip dimension of 12.3 x 12.3 mm (512 x 512 pixels). Each light source uses a 50W halogen bulb with a gold plated mirror to increase the intensity of the NIR light. Each light source was connected to a custom-built bifurcated fibre bundle to create two source fibre bundles (3.2 mm diameter each). Each spectrograph received light input from another custom-built fibre bundle comprised of six individual bundles (one with 0.6 mm diameter and the other five with 1.5 mm diameter). All fibre bundles were fixed on a 3D printed optode holder (two light sources x two fibre bundles each = four probes; and two spectrographs x six fibre bundles each = 12 probes) that allowed 24 multi-distance channels across the forehead (six channels at 20 mm, three channels at 30 mm and 15 channels at 35 mm) and six TOI measurements. We demonstrated the use of the system in a cohort of nine healthy adult volunteers during prefrontal cortex functional activation using the Stroop task. We have observed functional responses identified as significant increase in Δ[HbO2], decrease in Δ[HHb] and increase in Δ[oxCCO] in five channels (out of 12), that overlay the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. There was no observable TOI functional response and we have shown small variations in TOI across different sites within the same subject and within the same site across subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Phan
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Highton
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan Lai
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Neurocritical Care Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Clare Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Subramanian K, Gabay I, Ferhanoğlu O, Shadfan A, Pawlowski M, Wang Y, Tkaczyk T, Ben-Yakar A. Kagome fiber based ultrafast laser microsurgery probe delivering micro-Joule pulse energies. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4639-4653. [PMID: 27896003 PMCID: PMC5119603 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a 5 mm, piezo-actuated, ultrafast laser scalpel for fast tissue microsurgery. Delivery of micro-Joules level energies to the tissue was made possible by a large, 31 μm, air-cored inhibited-coupling Kagome fiber. We overcome the fiber's low NA by using lenses made of high refractive index ZnS, which produced an optimal focusing condition with 0.23 NA objective. The optical design achieved a focused laser spot size of 4.5 μm diameter covering a 75 × 75 μm2 scan area in a miniaturized setting. The probe could deliver the maximum available laser power, achieving an average fluence of 7.8 J/cm2 on the tissue surface at 62% transmission efficiency. Such fluences could produce uninterrupted, 40 μm deep cuts at translational speeds of up to 5 mm/s along the tissue. We predicted that the best combination of speed and coverage exists at 8 mm/s for our conditions. The onset of nonlinear absorption in ZnS, however, limited the probe's energy delivery capabilities to 1.4 μJ for linear operation at 1.5 picosecond pulse-widths of our fiber laser. Alternatives like broadband CaF2 crystals should mitigate such nonlinear limiting behavior. Improved opto-mechanical design and appropriate material selection should allow substantially higher fluence delivery and propel such Kagome fiber-based scalpels towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ilan Gabay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Onur Ferhanoğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Adam Shadfan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA
| | - Michal Pawlowski
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA
| | - Tomasz Tkaczyk
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, USA
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Cosci A, Nogueira MS, Pratavieira S, Takahama A, Azevedo RDS, Kurachi C. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis of actinic cheilitis. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4210-4219. [PMID: 27867726 PMCID: PMC5102522 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant disorder of the lips. Its first cause is believed to be UV sun radiation. The lesion is highly heterogeneous, making the choice of area to be biopsied difficult. This study exploits the capabilities of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the identification of the most representative area to be biopsied. A preliminary study was performed on fourteen patients. A classification algorithm was used on data acquired on nine different biopsies. The algorithm discriminated between absent, mild, and moderate dysplasia with a sensitivity of 92.9%, 90.0%, and 80.0%, respectively. The false positive rate for healthy tissue (specificity) was 88.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cosci
- Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy; IFAC-CNR, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil;
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Ademar Takahama
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP Brazil
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49
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Busch DR, Rusin CG, Miller-Hance W, Kibler K, Baker WB, Heinle JS, Fraser CD, Yodh AG, Licht DJ, Brady KM. Continuous cerebral hemodynamic measurement during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3461-3470. [PMID: 27699112 PMCID: PMC5030024 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While survival of children with complex congenital heart defects has improved in recent years, roughly half suffer neurological deficits suspected to be related to cerebral ischemia. Here we report the first demonstration of optical diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of cerebral microvascular blood flow during complex human neonatal or cardiac surgery. Comparison between DCS and Doppler ultrasound flow measurements during deep hypothermia, circulatory arrest, and rewarming were in good agreement. Looking forward, DCS instrumentation, alone and with NIRS, could provide access to flow and metabolic biomarkers needed by clinicians to adjust neuroprotective therapy during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Busch
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Craig G. Rusin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Wanda Miller-Hance
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Kathy Kibler
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wesley B. Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Heinle
- Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles D. Fraser
- Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Licht
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Brady
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Nishiyama M, Sonobe M, Watanabe K. Unconstrained pulse pressure monitoring for health management using hetero-core fiber optic sensor. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3675-3685. [PMID: 27699128 PMCID: PMC5030040 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a pulse pressure waveform sensor that does not constrain a wearer's daily activity; the sensor uses hetero-core fiber optics. Hetero-core fiber sensors have been found to be sensitive to moderate bending. To detect minute pulse pressure changes from the radial artery at the wrist, we devised a fiber sensor arrangement using three-point bending supports. We analyzed and evaluated the measurement validity using wavelet transformation, which is well-suited for biological signal processing. It was confirmed that the detected pulse waveform had a fundamental mode frequency of around 1.25 Hz over the time-varying waveform. A band-pass filter with a range of frequencies from 0.85 to 1.7 Hz was used to pick up the fundamental mode. In addition, a high-pass filter with 0.85 Hz frequency eliminated arm motion artifacts; consequently, we achieved high signal-to-noise ratio. For unrestricted daily health management, it is desirable that pulse pressure monitoring can be achieved by simply placing a device on the hand without the sensor being noticed. Two types of arrangements were developed and demonstrated in which the pulse sensors were either embedded in a base, such as an armrest, or in a wearable device. A wearable device without cuff pressure using a sensitivity-enhanced fiber sensor was successfully achieved with a sensitivity of 0.07-0.3 dB with a noise floor lower than 0.01 dB for multiple subjects.
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