1
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Zhao X, Fu X, Blumenthal C, Wang YT, Jenkins MW, Snyder C, Arruda M, Rollins AM. Integrated RFA/PSOCT catheter for real-time guidance of cardiac radio-frequency ablation. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:6400-6411. [PMID: 31065438 PMCID: PMC6490984 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an important standard therapy for cardiac arrhythmias, but direct monitoring of tissue treatment is currently lacking. We demonstrate an RFA catheter integrated with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for directly monitoring the RFA process in real time. The integrated RFA/OCT catheter was modified from a standard clinical RFA catheter and includes a miniature forward-viewing cone-scanning OCT probe. The PSOCT system was validated with a quarter-wave plate while the RFA function of the integrated catheter was validated by comparing lesion sizes with those made with an unmodified RFA catheter. Additionally, the integrated catheter guided catheter-tissue apposition and monitored RFA lesion formation in cardiac tissue in real time. The results show that catheter-tissue contact can be characterized by observing the features of the blood and tissue in the acquired OCT images and that RFA lesion formation can be confirmed by monitoring the change in phase retardance in the acquired PSOCT images. This system demonstrates the feasibility of an integrated RFA/OCT catheter to deliver RF energy and image the cardiac wall simultaneously and justifies further research into use of this technology to aid RFA therapy for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- authors contributed equally
| | - Colin Blumenthal
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yves T. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Christopher Snyder
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mauricio Arruda
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Vyas K, Hughes M, Rosa BG, Yang GZ. Fiber bundle shifting endomicroscopy for high-resolution imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:4649-4664. [PMID: 30319893 PMCID: PMC6179396 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flexible endomicroscopes commonly use coherent fiber bundles with high core densities to facilitate high-resolution in vivo imaging during endoscopic and minimally-invasive procedures. However, under-sampling due to the inter-core spacing limits the spatial resolution, making it difficult to resolve smaller cellular features. Here, we report a compact and rapid piezoelectric transducer (PZT) based bundle-shifting endomicroscopy system in which a super-resolution (SR) image is restored from multiple pixelation-limited images by computational means. A miniaturized PZT tube actuates the fiber bundle behind a GRIN micro-lens and a Delaunay triangulation based algorithm reconstructs an enhanced SR image. To enable real-time cellular-level imaging, imaging is performed using a line-scan confocal laser endomicroscope system with a raw frame rate of 120 fps, delivering up to 2 times spatial resolution improvement for a field of view of 350 µm at a net frame rate of 30 fps. The resolution enhancement is confirmed using resolution phantoms and ex vivo fluorescence endomicroscopy imaging of human breast specimens is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Vyas
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Michael Hughes
- Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH,
UK
| | - Bruno Gil Rosa
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ,
UK
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3
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Jelvehgaran P, Alderliesten T, Georgiou G, Meijer SL, Bloemen PR, Kodach LL, van Laarhoven HWM, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hulshof MCCM, Rasch CRN, van Leeuwen TG, de Boer JF, de Bruin M, van Herk M. Feasibility of using optical coherence tomography to detect radiation-induced fibrosis and residual cancer extent after neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy: an ex vivo study. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:4196-4216. [PMID: 30615728 PMCID: PMC6157785 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of resectable esophageal cancer includes neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy (nCRT) followed by esophagectomy in operable patients. High-risk surgery may have been avoided in patients with a pathological complete response (pCR). We investigated the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect residual cancer and radiation-induced fibrosis in 10 esophageal cancer patients that underwent nCRT followed by esophagectomy. We compared our OCT findings with histopathology. Overall, OCT was able to differentiate between healthy tissue, fibrotic tissue, and residual cancer with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 67%, respectively. Hence, OCT has the potential to add to the assessment of a pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Jelvehgaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Laser Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Alderliesten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Giota Georgiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul R. Bloemen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Liudmila L. Kodach
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC and Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I. van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC and Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Coen R. N. Rasch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes F. de Boer
- Institute for Laser Life and Biophotonics Amsterdam, Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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4
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Mavadia-Shukla J, Fathi P, Liang W, Wu S, Sears C, Li X. High-speed, ultrahigh-resolution distal scanning OCT endoscopy at 800 nm for in vivo imaging of colon tumorigenesis on murine models. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3731-3739. [PMID: 30338151 PMCID: PMC6191630 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the first, most compact, ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, distal scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscope operating at 800 nm. Achieving high speed imaging while maintaining an ultrahigh axial resolution is one of the most significant challenges with endoscopic OCT at 800 nm. Maintaining an ultrahigh axial resolution requires preservation of the broad spectral bandwidth of the light source throughout the OCT system. To overcome this critical limitation we implemented a distal scanning endoscope with diffractive optics to minimize loss in spectral throughput. In this paper, we employed a customized miniature 900 µm diameter DC micromotor fitted with a micro reflector to scan the imaging beam. We integrated a customized diffractive microlens into the imaging optics to reduce chromatic focal shift over the broad spectral bandwidth of the Ti:Sapphire laser of an approximately 150 nm 3dB bandwidth, affording a measured axial resolution of 2.4 µm (in air). The imaging capability of this high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution distal scanning endoscope was validated by performing 3D volumetric imaging of mouse colon in vivo at 50 frames-per-second (limited only by the A-scan rate of linear CCD array in the spectral-domain OCT system and sampling requirements). The results demonstrated that fine microstructures of colon could be clearly visualized, including the boundary between the absorptive cell layer and colonic mucosa as well the crypt patterns. Furthermore, this endoscope was employed to visualize morphological changes in an enterotoxigenic Bacteriodes fragilis (ETBF) induced colon tumor model. We present the results of our feasibility studies and suggest the potential of this system for visualizing time dependent morphological changes associated with tumorigenesis on murine models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mavadia-Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Payam Fathi
- Department of Medicine- Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- Department of Medicine- Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia Sears
- Department of Medicine- Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Kim M, Hong J, Shin HJ. Double-pulse laser illumination method for measuring fast cerebral blood flow velocities in the deep brain using a fiber-bundle-based endomicroscopy system. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2699-2715. [PMID: 30258684 PMCID: PMC6154180 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new fiber-bundle-based endomicroscopy system to measure the fast cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity in blood vessels located between the surface and the deep brain of living animals. The CBF velocity is obtained by measuring the displacement of the partially overlapped red blood cell images directly, using double-pulse 532-nm laser illumination. The proposed method could measure CBF in blood vessels with diameters ranging from 4 μm to 42 μm and could measure CBF velocities up to 3.2 μm/ms for different vessel diameters at a depth of 2.1 mm from the brain surface in a living mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, UST, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jinki Hong
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, UST, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyun-joon Shin
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
- Biomedical Engineering, KIST School, UST, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
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6
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Akhoundi F, Qin Y, Peyghambarian N, Barton JK, Kieu K. Compact fiber-based multi-photon endoscope working at 1700 nm. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2326-2335. [PMID: 29760991 PMCID: PMC5946792 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, implementation and performance analysis of a compact multi-photon endoscope based on a piezo electric scanning tube. A miniature objective lens with a long working distance and a high numerical aperture (≈ 0.5) is designed to provide a diffraction limited spot size. Furthermore, a 1700 nm wavelength femtosecond fiber laser is used as an excitation source to overcome the scattering of biological tissues and reduce water absorption. Therefore, the novel optical system along with the unique wavelength allows us to increase the imaging depth. We demonstrate that the endoscope is capable of performing third and second harmonic generation (THG/SHG) and three-photon excitation fluorescence (3PEF) imaging over a large field of view (> 400 μm) with high lateral resolution (2.2 μm). The compact and lightweight probe design makes it suitable for minimally-invasive in-vivo imaging as a potential alternative to surgical biopsies.
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7
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Luo S, Wang D, Tang J, Zhou L, Duan C, Wang D, Liu H, Zhu Y, Li G, Zhao H, Wu Y, An X, Li X, Liu Y, Huo L, Xie H. Circumferential-scanning endoscopic optical coherence tomography probe based on a circular array of six 2-axis MEMS mirrors. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:2104-2114. [PMID: 29760973 PMCID: PMC5946774 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel circumferential-scan endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe by using a circular array of six electrothermal microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirrors and six C-lenses. The MEMS mirrors have a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm mirror plate and a chip size of 1.5 mm × 1.3 mm. Each MEMS mirror can scan up to 45° at a voltage of less than 12 V. Six of those mirrors have been successfully packaged to a probe head; full circumferential scans have been demonstrated. Furthermore, each scan unit is composed of a MEMS mirror and a C-lens and the six scan units can be designed with different focal lengths to adapt for lesions with uneven surfaces. Configured with a swept source OCT system, this MEMS array-based circumferential scanning probe has been applied to image a swine's small intestine wrapped on a 20 mm-diameter glass tube. The OCT imaging result shows that this new MEMS endoscopic OCT has promising applications in large tubular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Site Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianyu Tang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 26110-613, USA
| | - Can Duan
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 26110-613, USA
| | - Donglin Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Wuxi WiO Technologies Co. Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Foshan Optomedic Technologies Co., Ltd. Foshan, 280000, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xin An
- Foshan Optomedic Technologies Co., Ltd. Foshan, 280000, China
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinling Li
- Wuxi WiO Technologies Co. Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yabing Liu
- Wuxi WiO Technologies Co. Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 26110-613, USA
- Wuxi WiO Technologies Co. Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, China
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8
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Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Pieper M, Stehmar C, Ahrens M, Idel C, Wollenberg B, König P, Hüttmann G. Novel endoscope with increased depth of field for imaging human nasal tissue by microscopic optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:636-647. [PMID: 29552400 PMCID: PMC5854065 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) offers the opportunity to visualize static and dynamic changes of tissue on a cellular level. It is a valuable tool in research and may considerably improve clinical diagnosis. In contrast to confocal and non-linear microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) with microscopic resolution (mOCT) provides intrinsically cross-sectional imaging. Changing focus position is not needed, which simplifies especially endoscopic imaging. For in-vivo imaging, here we are presenting endo-microscopic OCT (emOCT). A graded-index-lens (GRIN) based 2.75 mm outer diameter rigid endoscope is providing 1.5 - 2 µm nearly isotropic resolution over an extended field of depth. Spherical and chromatic aberrations are used to elongate the focus length. Simulation of the OCT image formation, suggests a better overall image quality in this range compared to a focused Gaussian beam. Total imaging depth at a reduced sensitivity and lateral resolution is more than 200 µm. Using a frame rate of 80 Hz cross-sectional images of concha nasalis were demonstrated in humans, which could resolve cilial motion, cellular structures of the epithelium, vessels and blood cells. Mucus transport velocity was successfully determined. The endoscope may be used for diagnosis and treatment control of different lung diseases like cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia, which manifest already at the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt
- Institute for Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Pieper
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Charlotte Stehmar
- Institute for Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Ahrens
- Institute for Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Christian Idel
- ENT Clinics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- ENT Clinics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute for Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- Medical Laser Center Lübeck GmbH, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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9
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Hirose K, Aoki T, Furukawa T, Fukushima S, Niioka H, Deguchi S, Hashimoto M. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering rigid endoscope toward robot-assisted surgery. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:387-396. [PMID: 29552380 PMCID: PMC5854045 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Label-free visualization of nerves and nervous plexuses will improve the preservation of neurological functions in nerve-sparing robot-assisted surgery. We have developed a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) rigid endoscope to distinguish nerves from other tissues during surgery. The developed endoscope, which has a tube with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 270 mm, achieved 0.91% image distortion and 8.6% non-uniformity of CARS intensity in the whole field of view (650 μm diameter). We demonstrated CARS imaging of a rat sciatic nerve and visualization of the fine structure of nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - T. Furukawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama,
Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - H. Niioka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - S. Deguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
| | - M. Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido,
Japan
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10
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Liang K, Wang Z, Ahsen OO, Lee HC, Potsaid BM, Jayaraman V, Cable A, Mashimo H, Li X, Fujimoto JG. Cycloid scanning for wide field optical coherence tomography endomicroscopy and angiography in vivo. Optica 2018; 5:36-43. [PMID: 29682598 PMCID: PMC5909979 DOI: 10.1364/optica.5.000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Devices that perform wide field-of-view (FOV) precision optical scanning are important for endoscopic assessment and diagnosis of luminal organ disease such as in gastroenterology. Optical scanning for in vivo endoscopic imaging has traditionally relied on one or more proximal mechanical actuators, limiting scan accuracy and imaging speed. There is a need for rapid and precise two-dimensional (2D) microscanning technologies to enable the translation of benchtop scanning microscopies to in vivo endoscopic imaging. We demonstrate a new cycloid scanner in a tethered capsule for ultrahigh speed, side-viewing optical coherence tomography (OCT) endomicroscopy in vivo. The cycloid capsule incorporates two scanners: a piezoelectrically actuated resonant fiber scanner to perform a precision, small FOV, fast scan and a micromotor scanner to perform a wide FOV, slow scan. Together these scanners distally scan the beam circumferentially in a 2D cycloid pattern, generating an unwrapped 1 mm × 38 mm strip FOV. Sequential strip volumes can be acquired with proximal pullback to image centimeter-long regions. Using ultrahigh speed 1.3 μm wavelength swept-source OCT at a 1.17 MHz axial scan rate, we imaged the human rectum at 3 volumes/s. Each OCT strip volume had 166 × 2322 axial scans with 8.5 μm axial and 30 μm transverse resolution. We further demonstrate OCT angiography at 0.5 volumes/s, producing volumetric images of vasculature. In addition to OCT applications, cycloid scanning promises to enable precision 2D optical scanning for other imaging modalities, including fluorescence confocal and nonlinear microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Osman O. Ahsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Potsaid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Thorlabs, Newton, New Jersey 07860, USA
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Corresponding author:
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11
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Le HND, Wei S, Leonard S, Opfermann J, Krieger A, Kang JU. Suture Maps Based on Structural Enhanced Imaging Endoscope for Laparoscopic Robotic Surgery. Conf Lasers Electro Optics 2018; 2018:JTu2A.106. [PMID: 33521796 PMCID: PMC7841646 DOI: 10.1364/cleo_at.2018.jtu2a.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detection method for cutting scheme in 3D is proposed to assist robotic surgical manipulation, leading to an automatic suturing suggestion mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh N D Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Shuwen Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Simon Leonard
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Justin Opfermann
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Axel Krieger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jin U Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
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12
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Hage CH, Leclerc P, Brevier J, Fabert M, Le Nézet C, Kudlinski A, Héliot L, Louradour F. Towards two-photon excited endogenous fluorescence lifetime imaging microendoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:142-156. [PMID: 29359093 PMCID: PMC5772571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in an endoscopic configuration of the endogenous biomarker nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has a great potential for malignant tissue diagnosis. Moreover, two-photon nonlinear excitation provides intrinsic optical sectioning along with enhanced imaging depth. We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, nonlinear endogenous FLIM in a fibered microscope with proximal detection, applied to NADH in cultured cells, as a first step to a nonlinear endomicroscope, using a double-clad microstructured fiber with convenient fiber length (> 3 m) and excitation pulse duration (≈50 fs). Fluorescence photons are collected by the fiber inner cladding and we show that its contribution to the impulse response function (IRF), which originates from its intermodal and chromatic dispersions, is small (< 600 ps) and stable for lengths up to 8 m and allows for short lifetime measurements. We use the phasor representation as a quick visualization tool adapted to the endoscopy speed requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Hage
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - P. Leclerc
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - J. Brevier
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - M. Fabert
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - C. Le Nézet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Kudlinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L. Héliot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 – PhLAM – Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - F. Louradour
- Université de Limoges, XLIM, UMR CNRS 7252, 123 Avenue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France
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13
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Angelo JP, van de Giessen M, Gioux S. Real-time endoscopic optical properties imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5113-5126. [PMID: 29188107 PMCID: PMC5695957 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 50% of all surgeries in the U.S. being performed as minimally invasive procedures, there is a need to develop quantitative endoscopic imaging techniques to aid surgical guidance. Recent developments in widefield optical imaging make endoscopic implementations of real-time measurement possible. In this work, we introduce a proof-of-concept endoscopic implementation of a functional widefield imaging technique called 3D single snapshot of optical properties (3D-SSOP) that provides quantitative maps of absorption and reduced scattering optical properties as well as surface topography with simple instrumentation added to a commercial endoscope. The system's precision and accuracy is validated using tissue-mimicking phantoms, showing a max error of 0.004 mm-1, 0.05 mm-1, and 1.1 mm for absorption, reduced scattering, and sample topography, respectively. This study further demonstrates video acquisition of a moving phantom and an in vivo sample with a framerate of approximately 11 frames per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Sylvain Gioux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 300 Bd S. Brant, Illkirch, 67412 France
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14
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Fang Q, Curatolo A, Wijesinghe P, Yeow YL, Hamzah J, Noble PB, Karnowski K, Sampson DD, Ganss R, Kim JK, Lee WM, Kennedy BF. Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence elastography through a micro-endoscope: towards in vivo imaging of cellular-scale mechanics. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5127-5138. [PMID: 29188108 PMCID: PMC5695958 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a technique capable of visualizing mechanical properties at the cellular scale deep in living tissue, by incorporating a gradient-index (GRIN)-lens micro-endoscope into an ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence elastography system. The optical system, after the endoscope, has a lateral resolution of 1.6 µm and an axial resolution of 2.2 µm. Bessel beam illumination and Gaussian mode detection are used to provide an extended depth-of-field of 80 µm, which is a 4-fold improvement over a fully Gaussian beam case with the same lateral resolution. Using this system, we demonstrate quantitative elasticity imaging of a soft silicone phantom containing a stiff inclusion and a freshly excised malignant murine pancreatic tumor. We also demonstrate qualitative strain imaging below the tissue surface on in situ murine muscle. The approach we introduce here can provide high-quality extended-focus images through a micro-endoscope with potential to measure cellular-scale mechanics deep in tissue. We believe this tool is promising for studying biological processes and disease progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fang
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Andrea Curatolo
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Yen Ling Yeow
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging and Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging and Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Peter B. Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- Centre for Neonatal Research & Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736,
South Korea
| | - Woei M. Lee
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200,
Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, ACT 2601,
Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
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15
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Adams DC, Pahlevaninezhad H, Szabari MV, Cho JL, Hamilos DL, Kesimer M, Boucher RC, Luster AD, Medoff BD, Suter MJ. Automated segmentation and quantification of airway mucus with endobronchial optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4729-4741. [PMID: 29082098 PMCID: PMC5654813 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel suite of algorithms for automatically segmenting the airway lumen and mucus in endobronchial optical coherence tomography (OCT) data sets, as well as a novel approach for quantifying the contents of the mucus. Mucus and lumen were segmented using a robust, multi-stage algorithm that requires only minimal input regarding sheath geometry. The algorithm performance was highly accurate in a wide range of airway and noise conditions. Mucus was classified using mean backscattering intensity and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) statistics. We evaluated our techniques in vivo in asthmatic and non-asthmatic volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Adams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hamid Pahlevaninezhad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Margit V. Szabari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Josalyn L. Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel L. Hamilos
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew D. Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Melissa J. Suter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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16
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Sato M, Motegi Y, Yagi S, Gengyo-Ando K, Ohkura M, Nakai J. Fast varifocal two-photon microendoscope for imaging neuronal activity in the deep brain. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4049-4060. [PMID: 28966846 PMCID: PMC5611922 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microendoscopy is becoming a promising approach for deep brain imaging, but the current technology for visualizing neurons on a single focal plane limits the experimental efficiency and the pursuit of three-dimensional functional neural circuit architectures. Here we present a novel fast varifocal two-photon microendoscope system equipped with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens and an electrically tunable lens (ETL). This microendoscope enables quasi-simultaneous imaging of the neuronal network activity of deep brain areas at multiple focal planes separated by 85-120 µm at a fast scan rate of 7.5-15 frames per second per plane, as demonstrated in calcium imaging of the mouse dorsal CA1 hippocampus and amygdala in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Motegi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shogo Yagi
- NTT Advanced Technology Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
| | - Keiko Gengyo-Ando
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ohkura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Brain and Body System Science Institute, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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17
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Matz G, Messerschmidt B, Göbel W, Filser S, Betz CS, Kirsch M, Uckermann O, Kunze M, Flämig S, Ehrhardt A, Irion KM, Haack M, Dorostkar MM, Herms J, Gross H. Chip-on-the-tip compact flexible endoscopic epifluorescence video-microscope for in-vivo imaging in medicine and biomedical research. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3329-3342. [PMID: 28717570 PMCID: PMC5508831 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 60 mg light video-endomicroscope with a cylindrical shape of the rigid tip of only 1.6 mm diameter and 6.7 mm length. A novel implementation method of the illumination unit in the endomicroscope is presented. It allows for the illumination of the biological sample with fiber-coupled LED light at 455 nm and the imaging of the red-shifted fluorescence light above 500 nm in epi-direction. A large numerical aperture of 0.7 leads to a sub-cellular resolution and yields to high-contrast images within a field of view of 160 μm. A miniaturized chip-on-the-tip CMOS image sensor with more than 150,000 pixels captures the multicolor images at 30 fps. Considering size, plug-and-play capability, optical performance, flexibility and weight, we hence present a probe which sets a new benchmark in the field of epifluorescence endomicroscopes. Several ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments in rodents and humans suggest future application in biomedical fields, especially in the neuroscience community, as well as in medical applications targeting optical biopsies or the detection of cellular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Matz
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, FSU Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07737 Jena,
Germany
| | | | - Werner Göbel
- KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Mittelstrasse 8, 78532 Tuttlingen,
Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich,
Germany
| | | | - Matthias Kirsch
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Marcel Kunze
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - Sven Flämig
- GRINTECH GmbH, Schillerstrasse 1, 07743 Jena,
Germany
| | - André Ehrhardt
- KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Mittelstrasse 8, 78532 Tuttlingen,
Germany
| | | | - Mareike Haack
- Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 13, 81377 Munich,
Germany
| | | | - Jochen Herms
- LMU Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich,
Germany
| | - Herbert Gross
- Institute of Applied Physics, FSU Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07737 Jena,
Germany
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18
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Volpi D, Tullis IDC, Barber PR, Augustyniak EM, Smart SC, Vallis KA, Vojnovic B. Electrically tunable fluidic lens imaging system for laparoscopic fluorescence-guided surgery. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3232-3247. [PMID: 28717564 PMCID: PMC5508825 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The addition of fluorescence guidance in laparoscopic procedures has gained significant interest in recent years, particularly through the use of near infrared (NIR) markers. In this work we present a novel laparoscope camera coupler based on an electrically tunable fluidic lens that permits programmable focus control and has desirable achromatic performance from the visible to the NIR. Its use extends the lower working distance limit and improves detection sensitivity, important for work with molecularly targeted fluorescence markers. We demonstrate its superior optical performance in laparoscopic fluorescence-guided surgery. In vivo results using a tumor specific molecular probe and a nonspecific NIR dye are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Volpi
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Iain D. C. Tullis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul R. Barber
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Edyta M. Augustyniak
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sean C. Smart
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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19
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Ding H, Dupont AW, Singhal S, Scott LD, Guha S, Younes M, Bi X. In vivo analysis of mucosal lipids reveals histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3426-3439. [PMID: 28717578 PMCID: PMC5508839 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to evaluate endoscopic Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique to determine histological inflammatory status of colitis. Colon mucosal composition was investigated in vivo from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and from age- and body mass index (BMI) matched controls using endoscope-coupled Raman spectroscopy. The results were co-registered with histological assessment of inflammatory status at the same locations. Substantial decreases (50-60%) in the content of phosphotidylcholines (PCs) and total lipids were observed in inflamed colon tissue (histology grade 1, 2 and 3) compared to those from the quiescent (histology grade 0) and from the controls. No significant difference was observed in lipids or PC contents between control and grade 0, or among grades 1 - 3. The degree of lipid unsaturation increased in the inflamed tissue regardless of disease severity. The inflammation-associated alterations in lipids and PC are observed independent of BMI or the anatomical locations for data collection. Multivariate analysis using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm classified the spectra of the controls or the inactive colitis from those of inflamed tissue with a sensitivity of 83.5% and 97.1% respectively. Our results showed that mucosal lipid content is related to the microscopic disease activity, and thus could serve as a valuable spectral marker to differentiate active colitis from the quiescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Center for Precision Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Andrew W. Dupont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shashideep Singhal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Larry D. Scott
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mamoun Younes
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohong Bi
- Center for Precision Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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20
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Gora MJ, Suter MJ, Tearney GJ, Li X. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography: technologies and clinical applications [Invited]. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2405-2444. [PMID: 28663882 PMCID: PMC5480489 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the current state of technology development and clinical applications of endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Key design and engineering considerations are discussed for most OCT endoscopes, including side-viewing and forward-viewing probes, along with different scanning mechanisms (proximal-scanning versus distal-scanning). Multi-modal endoscopes that integrate OCT with other imaging modalities are also discussed. The review of clinical applications of endoscopic OCT focuses heavily on diagnosis of diseases and guidance of interventions. Representative applications in several organ systems are presented, such as in the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems. A brief outlook of the field of endoscopic OCT is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina J Gora
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- ICube Laboratory, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 1 Place de l'Hopital, Strasbourg 67091, France
| | - Melissa J Suter
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor 710, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Li A, Liang W, Guan H, Gau YTA, Bergles DE, Li X. Focus scanning with feedback-control for fiber-optic nonlinear endomicroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2519-2527. [PMID: 28663888 PMCID: PMC5480495 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-optic endomicroscopes open new avenues for the application of non-linear optics to novel in vivo applications. To achieve focus scanning in vivo, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires have been used to move optical elements in miniature endomicroscopes. However, this method has various limitations, making it difficult to achieve accurate and reliable depth scanning. Here we present a feedback-controlled SMA depth scanner. With a Hall effect sensor, contraction of the SMA wire can be tracked in real time, rendering accurate and robust control of motion. The SMA depth scanner can achieve up to 490 µm travel and with open-loop operation, it can move more than 350 µm within one second. With the feedback loop engaged, submicron positioning accuracy was achieved along with superior positioning stability. The high-precision positioning capability of the SMA depth scanner was verified by depth-resolved nonlinear endomicroscopic imaging of mouse brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Honghua Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yung-Tian A. Gau
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dwight E. Bergles
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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Bu R, Balakrishnan S, Iftimia N, Price H, Zdanski C, Oldenburg AL. Airway compliance measured by anatomic optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2195-2209. [PMID: 28736665 PMCID: PMC5516819 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of airway compliance can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive airway disorders by detecting regions vulnerable to collapse. Here we evaluate the ability of a swept-source anatomic optical coherence tomography (SSaOCT) system to quantify airway cross-sectional compliance (CC) by measuring changes in the luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) under physiologically relevant pressures of 10-40 cmH2O. The accuracy and precision of CC measurements are determined using simulations of non-uniform rotation distortion (NURD) endemic to endoscopic scanning, and experiments performed in a simplified tube phantom and ex vivo porcine tracheas. NURD simulations show that CC measurements are typically more accurate than that of the CSAs from which they are derived. Phantom measurements of CSA versus pressure exhibit high linearity (R2>0.99), validating the dynamic range of the SSaOCT system. Tracheas also exhibited high linearity (R2 = 0.98) suggestive of linear elasticity, while CC measurements were obtained with typically ± 12% standard error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Bu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
| | - Santosh Balakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
| | - Nicusor Iftimia
- Physical Sciences Inc., New England Business Center, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Hillel Price
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
| | - Carlton Zdanski
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7070, USA
| | - Amy L. Oldenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3216, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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23
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Prieto SP, Lai KK, Laryea JA, Mizell JS, Mustain WC, Muldoon TJ. Fluorescein as a topical fluorescent contrast agent for quantitative microendoscopic inspection of colorectal epithelium. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:2324-2338. [PMID: 28736674 PMCID: PMC5516830 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fiber bundle microendoscopic imaging of colorectal tissue has shown promising results, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. A quantitative image quality control and image feature extraction algorithm was previously designed for quantitative image feature analysis of proflavine-stained ex vivo colorectal tissue. We investigated fluorescein as an alternative topical stain. Images of ex vivo porcine, caprine, and human colorectal tissue were used to compare microendoscopic images of tissue topically stained with fluorescein and proflavine solutions. Fluorescein was shown to be comparable for automated crypt detection, with an average crypt detection sensitivity exceeding 90% using a combination of three contrast limit pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P. Prieto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University Blvd., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Keith K. Lai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L-25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Laryea
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jason S. Mizell
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - William C. Mustain
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University Blvd., Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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24
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Shadfan A, Darwiche H, Blanco J, Gillenwater A, Richards-Kortum R, Tkaczyk TS. Development of a multimodal foveated endomicroscope for the detection of oral cancer. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:1525-1535. [PMID: 28663847 PMCID: PMC5480562 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A multimodal endomicroscope was developed for cancer detection that combines hyperspectral and confocal imaging through a single foveated objective and a vibrating optical fiber bundle. Standard clinical examination has a limited ability to identify early stage oral cancer. Optical detection methods are typically restricted by either achievable resolution or a small field-of-view. By combining high resolution and widefield spectral imaging into a single probe, a device was developed that provides spectral and spatial information over a 5 mm field to locate suspicious lesions that can then be inspected in high resolution mode. The device was evaluated on ex vivo biopsies of human oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shadfan
- Rice University, Bioengineering Department, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hawraa Darwiche
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Blanco
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann Gillenwater
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Tomasz S. Tkaczyk
- Rice University, Bioengineering Department, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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25
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Oh G, Park Y, Yoo SW, Hwang S, Chin-Yu AVD, Ryu YM, Kim SY, Do EJ, Kim KH, Kim S, Myung SJ, Chung E. Clinically compatible flexible wide-field multi-color fluorescence endoscopy with a porcine colon model. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:764-775. [PMID: 28270983 PMCID: PMC5330595 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of structural or molecular changes in dysplastic epithelial tissues is crucial for cancer screening and surveillance. Multi-targeting molecular endoscopic fluorescence imaging may improve noninvasive detection of precancerous lesions in the colon. Here, we report the first clinically compatible, wide-field-of-view, multi-color fluorescence endoscopy with a leached fiber bundle scope using a porcine model. A porcine colon model that resembles the human colon is used for the detection of surrogate tumors composed of multiple biocompatible fluorophores (FITC, ICG, and heavy metal-free quantum dots (hfQDs)). With an ex vivo porcine colon tumor model, molecular imaging with hfQDs conjugated with MMP14 antibody was achieved by spraying molecular probes on a mucosa layer that contains xenograft tumors. With an in vivo porcine colon embedded with surrogate tumors, target-to-background ratios of 3.36 ± 0.43, 2.70 ± 0.72, and 2.10 ± 0.13 were achieved for FITC, ICG, and hfQD probes, respectively. This promising endoscopic technology with molecular contrast shows the capacity to reveal hidden tumors and guide treatment strategy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyugnseok Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Youngrong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soonjoo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Do
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sungjee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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26
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Li Y, Jing J, Qu Y, Miao Y, Zhang B, Ma T, Yu M, Zhou Q, Chen Z. Fully integrated optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, and indocyanine green-based fluorescence tri-modality system for intravascular imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:1036-1044. [PMID: 28271001 PMCID: PMC5330557 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a tri-modality imaging system and fully integrated tri-modality probe for intravascular imaging. The tri-modality imaging system is able to simultaneously acquire optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultrasound (US), and fluorescence imaging. Moreover, for fluorescence imaging, we used the FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye as the contrast agent to target lipid-loaded macrophages. We conducted imaging from a male New Zealand white rabbit to evaluate the performance of the tri-modality system. In addition, tri-modality images of rabbit aortas were correlated with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology to check the measurement accuracy. The fully integrated miniature tri-modality probe, together with the use of ICG dye suggest that the system is of great potential for providing a more accurate assessment of vulnerable plaques in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Joseph Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Yueqiao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Yusi Miao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Buyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- The Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| | - Mingyue Yu
- The Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- The Resource Center for Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Beckman laser institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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27
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Wang J, Hosoda M, Tshikudi DM, Hajjarian Z, Nadkarni SK. Intraluminal laser speckle rheology using an omni-directional viewing catheter. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:137-150. [PMID: 28101407 PMCID: PMC5231287 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of disease conditions in luminal organs are associated with alterations in tissue mechanical properties. Here, we report a new omni-directional viewing Laser Speckle Rheology (LSR) catheter for mapping the mechanical properties of luminal organs without the need for rotational motion. The LSR catheter incorporates multiple illumination fibers, an optical fiber bundle and a multi-faceted mirror to permit omni-directional viewing of the luminal wall. By retracting the catheter using a motor-drive assembly, cylindrical maps of tissue mechanical properties are reconstructed. Evaluation conducted in a test phantom with circumferentially-varying mechanical properties demonstrates the capability of the LSR catheter for the accurate mechanical assessment of luminal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Masaki Hosoda
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
- Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Diane M. Tshikudi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zeinab Hajjarian
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seemantini K. Nadkarni
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
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28
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Keenan M, Tate TH, Kieu K, Black JF, Utzinger U, Barton JK. Design and characterization of a combined OCT and wide field imaging falloposcope for ovarian cancer detection. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:124-136. [PMID: 28101406 PMCID: PMC5231286 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of ovarian cancer is only achieved in around 20% of women due to lack of effective screening. We propose a method for surveillance of high risk women based on a microendoscope introduced transvaginally to image the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This requires extreme miniaturization of the optics and catheter sheath. We describe the design of a falloposcope that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wide field imaging into a sub-1 mm diameter package. We characterize the systems and show that they provide contrast on ex-vivo samples of ovary and fallopian tube. In addition, we show the mechanical performance of the endoscope in an anatomically correct model of the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Keenan
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Tyler H. Tate
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Khanh Kieu
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John F. Black
- Glannaventa Inc., 2276 Allegheny Way, San Mateo, CA 94402, USA
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Barton
- University of Arizona, Biomedical Engineering, 1127 James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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29
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Kim TS, Park HS, Jang SJ, Song JW, Cho HS, Kim S, Bouma BE, Kim JW, Oh WY. Single cardiac cycle three-dimensional intracoronary optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4847-4858. [PMID: 28018710 PMCID: PMC5175536 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
While high-speed intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides three-dimensional (3D) visualization of coronary arteries in vivo, imaging speeds remain insufficient to avoid motion artifacts induced by heartbeat, limiting the clinical utility of OCT. In this paper, we demonstrate development of a high-speed intracoronary OCT system (frame rate: 500 frames/s, pullback speed: 100 mm/s) along with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG) triggering technology, which enabled volumetric imaging of long coronary segments within a single cardiac cycle (70 mm pullback in 0.7 s) with minimal cardiac motion artifact. This technology permitted detailed visualization of 3D architecture of the coronary arterial wall of a swine in vivo and fine structure of the implanted stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Shik Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hyun-Sang Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sun-Joo Jang
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- Currently at Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joon Woo Song
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Saem Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- Currently at Center for Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunwon Kim
- Currently at Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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30
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Lurie KL, Angst R, Seibel EJ, Liao JC, Ellerbee Bowden AK. Registration of free-hand OCT daughter endoscopy to 3D organ reconstruction. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4995-5009. [PMID: 28018720 PMCID: PMC5175547 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the trend to pair white light endoscopy with secondary image modalities for in vivo characterization of suspicious lesions, challenges remain to co-register such data. We present an algorithm to co-register two different optical imaging modalities as a mother-daughter endoscopy pair. Using white light cystoscopy (mother) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) (daughter) as an example, we developed the first forward-viewing OCT endoscope that fits in the working channel of flexible cystoscopes and demonstrated our algorithm's performance with optical phantom and clinical imaging data. The ability to register multimodal data opens opportunities for advanced analysis in cancer imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Lurie
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
USA
- Dept. of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
USA
| | | | - Eric J. Seibel
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Joseph C. Liao
- Dept. of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA,
USA
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31
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Moretti C, Antonini A, Bovetti S, Liberale C, Fellin T. Scanless functional imaging of hippocampal networks using patterned two-photon illumination through GRIN lenses. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3958-3967. [PMID: 27867707 PMCID: PMC5102538 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Patterned illumination through the phase modulation of light is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to investigate biological tissues in combination with two-photon excitation and light-sensitive molecules. However, to date two-photon patterned illumination has only been coupled to traditional microscope objectives, thus limiting the applicability of these methods to superficial biological structures. Here, we show that phase modulation can be used to efficiently project complex two-photon light patterns, including arrays of points and large shapes, in the focal plane of graded index (GRIN) lenses. Moreover, using this approach in combination with the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6, we validate our system performing scanless functional imaging in rodent hippocampal networks in vivo ~1.2 mm below the brain surface. Our results open the way to the application of patterned illumination approaches to deep regions of highly scattering biological tissues, such as the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Moretti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonini
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Nanostructures Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Liberale
- Nanostructures Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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32
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Lu MK, Lin HY, Hsieh CC, Kao FJ. Supercontinuum as a light source for miniaturized endoscopes. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3335-3344. [PMID: 27699102 PMCID: PMC5030014 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have successfully implemented supercontinuum based illumination through single fiber coupling. The integration of a single fiber illumination with a miniature CMOS sensor forms a very slim and powerful camera module for endoscopic imaging. A set of tests and in vivo animal experiments are conducted accordingly to characterize the corresponding illuminance, spectral profile, intensity distribution, and image quality. The key illumination parameters of the supercontinuum, including color rendering index (CRI: 72%~97%) and correlated color temperature (CCT: 3,100K~5,200K), are modified with external filters and compared with those from a LED light source (CRI~76% & CCT~6,500K). The very high spatial coherence of the supercontinuum allows high luminosity conduction through a single multimode fiber (core size~400μm), whose distal end tip is attached with a diffussion tip to broaden the solid angle of illumination (from less than 10° to more than 80°).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Lu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Business Solutions Laboratory, Chunghwa Telecom Research Institute, Taoyuan, 32661, Taiwan
| | - H. Y. Lin
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - C. C. Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - F. J. Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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33
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Duan C, Tanguy Q, Pozzi A, Xie H. Optical coherence tomography endoscopic probe based on a tilted MEMS mirror. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3345-3354. [PMID: 27699103 PMCID: PMC5030015 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a compact microendoscopic OCT probe with an outer diameter of only 2.7 mm. The small diameter is enabled by a novel 2-axis scanning MEMS mirror with a preset 45° tilted angle. The tilted MEMS mirror is directly integrated on a silicon optical bench (SiOB). The SiOB provides mechanical support and electrical wiring to the mirror plate via a set of bimorph flexure, enabling a compact probe mount design without the requirement of a 45° slope, which is capable to dramatically reduce the probe size and ease the assembly process. Additionally, the SiOB also provides trenches with properly-designed opening widths for automatic alignment of the MEMS mirror, GRIN lens and optical fiber. The 45°-tilted MEMS mirror plate is actuated by four electrothermal bimorph actuators. The packaged 2.7 mm-diameter probe offers 2-axis side-view optical scanning with a large optical scan range of 40° at a low drive voltage of 5.5 Vdc in both axes, allowing a lateral scan area of 2.2 mm × 2.2 mm at a 3 mm working distance. High-resolution 2D and 3D OCT images of the IR card, ex vivo imaging of meniscus specimens and rat brain slices, in vivo imaging of the human finger and nail have been obtained with a TDOCT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Duan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;
| | - Quentin Tanguy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Micro Nano Science and Systems, FEMTO-ST, Besançon, 25000, France
| | - Antonio Pozzi
- Small Animal Surgery Clinic, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Huikai Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA;
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Zhao Y, Sheng M, Huang L, Tang S. Design of a fiber-optic multiphoton microscopy handheld probe. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3425-3437. [PMID: 27699109 PMCID: PMC5030021 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a fiber-optic multiphoton microscopy (MPM) system with handheld probe using femtosecond fiber laser. Here we present the detailed optical design and analysis of the handheld probe. The optical systems using Lightpath 352140 and 352150 as objective lens were analyzed. A custom objective module that includes Lightpath 355392 and two customized corrective lenses was designed. Their performances were compared by wavefront error, field curvature, astigmatism, F-θ error, and tolerance in Zemax simulation. Tolerance analysis predicted the focal spot size to be 1.13, 1.19 and 0.83 µm, respectively. Lightpath 352140 and 352150 were implemented in experiment and the measured lateral resolution was 1.22 and 1.3 µm, respectively, which matched with the prediction. MPM imaging by the handheld probe were conducted on leaf, fish scale and rat tail tendon. The MPM resolution can potentially be improved by the custom objective module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mingyu Sheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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35
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Ba C, Palmiere M, Ritt J, Mertz J. Dual-modality endomicroscopy with co-registered fluorescence and phase contrast. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3403-3411. [PMID: 27699107 PMCID: PMC5030019 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a dual-modality laser scanning endomicroscope that provides simultaneous fluorescence contrast based on confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and phase-gradient contrast based on scanning oblique back-scattering microscopy (sOBM). The probe consists of a 2.6mm-diameter micro-objective attached to a 30,000-core flexible fiber bundle. The dual contrasts are inherently co-registered, providing complementary information on labeled and un-labeled sample structure. Proof of principle demonstrations are presented with ex-vivo mouse colon tissue.
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36
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Lee HC, Ahsen OO, Liang K, Wang Z, Cleveland C, Booth L, Potsaid B, Jayaraman V, Cable AE, Mashimo H, Langer R, Traverso G, Fujimoto JG. Circumferential optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of the swine esophagus using a micromotor balloon catheter. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2927-42. [PMID: 27570688 PMCID: PMC4986804 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a micromotor balloon imaging catheter for ultrahigh speed endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) which provides wide area, circumferential structural and angiographic imaging of the esophagus without contrast agents. Using a 1310 nm MEMS tunable wavelength swept VCSEL light source, the system has a 1.2 MHz A-scan rate and ~8.5 µm axial resolution in tissue. The micromotor balloon catheter enables circumferential imaging of the esophagus at 240 frames per second (fps) with a ~30 µm (FWHM) spot size. Volumetric imaging is achieved by proximal pullback of the micromotor assembly within the balloon at 1.5 mm/sec. Volumetric data consisting of 4200 circumferential images of 5,000 A-scans each over a 2.6 cm length, covering a ~13 cm(2) area is acquired in <18 seconds. A non-rigid image registration algorithm is used to suppress motion artifacts from non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD), cardiac motion or respiration. En face OCT images at various depths can be generated. OCT angiography (OCTA) is computed using intensity decorrelation between sequential pairs of circumferential scans and enables three-dimensional visualization of vasculature. Wide area volumetric OCT and OCTA imaging of the swine esophagus in vivo is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Osman Oguz Ahsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Kaicheng Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Cody Cleveland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA
| | - Lucas Booth
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Potsaid
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Advanced Imaging Group, Thorlabs Inc., Newton NJ, USA
| | | | - Alex E. Cable
- Advanced Imaging Group, Thorlabs Inc., Newton NJ, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA, USA
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37
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Chu KK, Unglert C, Ford TN, Cui D, Carruth RW, Singh K, Liu L, Birket SE, Solomon GM, Rowe SM, Tearney GJ. In vivo imaging of airway cilia and mucus clearance with micro-optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2494-505. [PMID: 27446685 PMCID: PMC4948609 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and fabricated a 4 mm diameter rigid endoscopic probe to obtain high resolution micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT) images from the tracheal epithelium of living swine. Our common-path fiber-optic probe used gradient-index focusing optics, a selectively coated prism reflector to implement a circular-obscuration apodization for depth-of-focus enhancement, and a common-path reference arm and an ultra-broadbrand supercontinuum laser to achieve high axial resolution. Benchtop characterization demonstrated lateral and axial resolutions of 3.4 μm and 1.7 μm, respectively (in tissue). Mechanical standoff rails flanking the imaging window allowed the epithelial surface to be maintained in focus without disrupting mucus flow. During in vivo imaging, relative motion was mitigated by inflating an airway balloon to hold the standoff rails on the epithelium. Software implemented image stabilization was also implemented during post-processing. The resulting image sequences yielded co-registered quantitative outputs of airway surface liquid and periciliary liquid layer thicknesses, ciliary beat frequency, and mucociliary transport rate, metrics that directly indicate airway epithelial function that have dominated in vitro research in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, but have not been available in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengyeh K. Chu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Contributed equally as co-authors
| | - Carolin Unglert
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Contributed equally as co-authors
| | - Tim N. Ford
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dongyao Cui
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert W. Carruth
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Linbo Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Susan E. Birket
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
| | - George M. Solomon
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Department of Medicine and the Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, MCLM 706, 1918 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0005, USA
- Contributed equally as senior authors
| | - Guillermo J. Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Determatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Contributed equally as senior authors
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Qiu Y, Wang Y, Belfield KD, Liu X. Ultrathin lensed fiber-optic probe for optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2154-2162. [PMID: 27375934 PMCID: PMC4918572 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated and validated a novel method to develop ultrathin lensed fiber-optic (LFO) probes for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. We made the LFO probe by attaching a segment of no core fiber (NCF) to the distal end of a single mode fiber (SMF) and generating a curved surface at the tip of the NCF using the electric arc of a fusion splicer. The novel fabrication approach enabled us to control the length of the NCF and the radius of the fiber lens independently. By strategically choosing these two parameters, the LFO probe could achieve a broad range of working distance and depth of focus for different OCT applications. A probe with 125μm diameter and lateral resolution up to 10μm was demonstrated. The low-cost, disposable and robust LFO probe is expected to have great potential for interstitial OCT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - K. D. Belfield
- College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - X. Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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39
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Hughes M, Yang GZ. Line-scanning fiber bundle endomicroscopy with a virtual detector slit. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2257-68. [PMID: 27375942 PMCID: PMC4918580 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coherent fiber bundles can be used to relay the image plane from the distal tip of an endomicroscope to an external confocal microscopy system. The frame rate is therefore determined by the speed of the microscope's laser scanning system which, at 10-20 Hz, may be undesirably low for in vivo clinical applications. Line-scanning allows an increase in the frame rate by an order of magnitude in exchange for some loss of optical sectioning, but the width of the detector slit cannot easily be adapted to suit different imaging conditions. The rolling shutter of a CMOS camera can be used as a virtual detector slit for a bench-top line-scanning confocal microscope, and here we extend this idea to endomicroscopy. By synchronizing the camera rolling shutter with a scanning laser line we achieve confocal imaging with an electronically variable detector slit. This architecture allows us to acquire every other frame with the detector slit offset by a known distance, and we show that subtracting this second image leads to improved optical sectioning.
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40
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Weng S, Chen X, Xu X, Wong KK, Wong STC. Dual CARS and SHG image acquisition scheme that combines single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to collect and differentiate backward and forward generated photons. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:2202-18. [PMID: 27375938 PMCID: PMC4918576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, backward and forward generated photons exhibit different image patterns and thus capture salient intrinsic information of tissues from different perspectives. However, they are often mixed in collection using traditional image acquisition methods and thus are hard to interpret. We developed a multimodal scheme using a single central fiber and multimode fiber bundle to simultaneously collect and differentiate images formed by these two types of photons and evaluated the scheme in an endomicroscopy prototype. The ratio of these photons collected was calculated for the characterization of tissue regions with strong or weak epi-photon generation while different image patterns of these photons at different tissue depths were revealed. This scheme provides a new approach to extract and integrate information captured by backward and forward generated photons in dual CARS/SHG imaging synergistically for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Weng
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kelvin K. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T. C. Wong
- Translational Biophotonics Lab, Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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41
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Kuzmin NV, Wesseling P, Hamer PCDW, Noske DP, Galgano GD, Mansvelder HD, Baayen JC, Groot ML. Third harmonic generation imaging for fast, label-free pathology of human brain tumors. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1889-904. [PMID: 27231629 PMCID: PMC4871089 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In brain tumor surgery, recognition of tumor boundaries is key. However, intraoperative assessment of tumor boundaries by the neurosurgeon is difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need for tools that provide the neurosurgeon with pathological information during the operation. We show that third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy provides label-free, real-time images of histopathological quality; increased cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and rarefaction of neuropil in fresh, unstained human brain tissue could be clearly recognized. We further demonstrate THG images taken with a GRIN objective, as a step toward in situ THG microendoscopy of tumor boundaries. THG imaging is thus a promising tool for optical biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Kuzmin
- LaserLab Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Wesseling
- Dept. of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dept. of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain Tumor Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. de Witt Hamer
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain Tumor Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. P. Noske
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain Tumor Center, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. D. Galgano
- LaserLab Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. D. Mansvelder
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Baayen
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. L. Groot
- LaserLab Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Huang L, Mills AK, Zhao Y, Jones DJ, Tang S. Miniature fiber-optic multiphoton microscopy system using frequency-doubled femtosecond Er-doped fiber laser. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1948-56. [PMID: 27231633 PMCID: PMC4871093 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a miniature fiber-optic multiphoton microscopy (MPM) system based on a frequency-doubled femtosecond Er-doped fiber laser. The femtosecond pulses from the laser source are delivered to the miniature fiber-optic probe at 1.58 µm wavelength, where a standard single mode fiber is used for delivery without the need of free-space dispersion compensation components. The beam is frequency-doubled inside the probe by a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 crystal. Frequency-doubled pulses at 786 nm with a maximum power of 80 mW and a pulsewidth of 150 fs are obtained and applied to excite intrinsic signals from tissues. A MEMS scanner, a miniature objective, and a multimode collection fiber are further used to make the probe compact. The miniature fiber-optic MPM system is highly portable and robust. Ex vivo multiphoton imaging of mammalian skins demonstrates the capability of the system in imaging biological tissues. The results show that the miniature fiber-optic MPM system using frequency-doubled femtosecond fiber laser can potentially bring the MPM imaging for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Arthur K. Mills
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J. Jones
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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43
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Qin Y, Hua H. Continuously zoom imaging probe for the multi-resolution foveated laparoscope. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:1175-82. [PMID: 27446645 PMCID: PMC4929630 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In modern minimally invasive surgeries (MIS), standard laparoscopes suffer from the tradeoff between the spatial resolution and field of view (FOV). The inability of simultaneously acquiring high-resolution images for accurate operation and wide-angle overviews for situational awareness limits the efficiency and outcome of the MIS. A dual view multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) which can simultaneously provide the surgeon with a high-resolution view as well as a wide-angle overview was proposed and demonstrated to have great potential for improving the MIS. Although experiment results demonstrated the high-magnification probe has an adequate magnification for viewing surgical details, the dual-view MRFL is limited to two fixed levels of magnifications. A fine adjustment of the magnification is highly desired for obtaining high resolution images with desired field coverage. In this paper, a high magnification probe with continuous zooming capability without any mechanical moving parts is demonstrated. By taking the advantages of two electrically tunable lenses, one for optical zoom and the other for image focus compensation, the optical magnification of the high-magnification probe varies from 2 × to 3 × compared with that of the wide-angle probe, while the focused object position stays the same as the wide-angle probe. The optical design and the tunable lens analysis are presented, followed by prototype demonstration.
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44
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Ando Y, Sakurai T, Koida K, Tei H, Hida A, Nakao K, Natsume M, Numano R. In vivo bioluminescence and reflectance imaging of multiple organs in bioluminescence reporter mice by bundled-fiber-coupled microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:963-978. [PMID: 27231601 PMCID: PMC4866468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is used in biomedical research to monitor biological processes within living organisms. Recently, fiber bundles with high transmittance and density have been developed to detect low light with high resolution. Therefore, we have developed a bundled-fiber-coupled microscope with a highly sensitive cooled-CCD camera that enables the BLI of organs within the mouse body. This is the first report of in vivo BLI of the brain and multiple organs in luciferase-reporter mice using bundled-fiber optics. With reflectance imaging, the structures of blood vessels and organs can be seen clearly with light illumination, and it allowed identification of the structural details of bioluminescence images. This technique can also be applied to clinical diagnostics in a low invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Ando
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kowa Koida
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hajime Tei
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Hida
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mistuo Natsume
- Denkosha Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8055, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Life Science, Biological Regulatory Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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45
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Zeidan A, Yelin D. Spectral imaging using forward-viewing spectrally encoded endoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:392-8. [PMID: 26977348 PMCID: PMC4771457 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) enables miniature, small-diameter endoscopic probes for minimally invasive imaging; however, using the broadband spectrum to encode space makes color and spectral imaging nontrivial and challenging. By careful registration and analysis of image data acquired by a prototype of a forward-viewing dual channel spectrally encoded rigid probe, we demonstrate spectral and color imaging within a narrow cylindrical lumen. Spectral imaging of calibration cylindrical test targets and an ex-vivo blood vessel demonstrates high-resolution spatial-spectral imaging with short (10 μs/line) exposure times.
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46
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Stasio N, Shibukawa A, Papadopoulos IN, Farahi S, Simandoux O, Huignard JP, Bossy E, Moser C, Psaltis D. Towards new applications using capillary waveguides. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4619-31. [PMID: 26713182 PMCID: PMC4679242 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the enhancement of the sensing capabilities of glass capillaries. We exploit their properties as optical and acoustic waveguides to transform them potentially into high resolution minimally invasive endoscopic devices. We show two possible applications of silica capillary waveguides demonstrating fluorescence and optical-resolution photoacoustic imaging using a single 330 μm-thick silica capillary. A nanosecond pulsed laser is focused and scanned in front of a capillary by digital phase conjugation through the silica annular ring of the capillary, used as an optical waveguide. We demonstrate optical-resolution photoacoustic images of a 30 μm-thick nylon thread using the water-filled core of the same capillary as an acoustic waveguide, resulting in a fully passive endoscopic device. Moreover, fluorescence images of 1.5 μm beads are obtained collecting the fluorescence signal through the optical waveguide. This kind of silica-capillary waveguide together with wavefront shaping techniques such as digital phase conjugation, paves the way to minimally invasive multi-modal endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolino Stasio
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- contributed equally
| | - Atsushi Shibukawa
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- contributed equally
| | - Ioannis N. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Salma Farahi
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Olivier Simandoux
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris,
France
| | | | - Emmanuel Bossy
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris,
France
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Laboratory of Optics, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
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47
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Greening GJ, James HM, Powless AJ, Hutcheson JA, Dierks MK, Rajaram N, Muldoon TJ. Fiber-bundle microendoscopy with sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and intensity mapping for multimodal optical biopsy of stratified epithelium. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4934-50. [PMID: 26713207 PMCID: PMC4679267 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of structural or functional changes in dysplastic epithelia may be crucial for improving long-term patient care. Recent work has explored myriad non-invasive or minimally invasive "optical biopsy" techniques for diagnosing early dysplasia, such as high-resolution microendoscopy, a method to resolve sub-cellular features of apical epithelia, as well as broadband sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, a method that evaluates bulk health of a small volume of tissue. We present a multimodal fiber-based microendoscopy technique that combines high-resolution microendoscopy, broadband (450-750 nm) sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (sDRS) at two discrete source-detector separations (374 and 730 μm), and sub-diffuse reflectance intensity mapping (sDRIM) using a 635 nm laser. Spatial resolution, magnification, field-of-view, and sampling frequency were determined. Additionally, the ability of the sDRS modality to extract optical properties over a range of depths is reported. Following this, proof-of-concept experiments were performed on tissue-simulating phantoms made with poly(dimethysiloxane) as a substrate material with cultured MDA-MB-468 cells. Then, all modalities were demonstrated on a human melanocytic nevus from a healthy volunteer and on resected colonic tissue from a murine model. Qualitative in vivo image data is correlated with reduced scattering and absorption coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J. Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Haley M. James
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Amy J. Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Joshua A. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Mary K. Dierks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
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48
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Wang T, Pfeiffer T, Regar E, Wieser W, van Beusekom H, Lancee CT, Springeling G, Krabbendam I, van der Steen AF, Huber R, van Soest G. Heartbeat OCT: in vivo intravascular megahertz-optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:5021-32. [PMID: 26713214 PMCID: PMC4679274 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac motion artifacts, non-uniform rotational distortion and undersampling affect the image quality and the diagnostic impact of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). In this study we demonstrate how these limitations of IV-OCT can be addressed by using an imaging system that we called "Heartbeat OCT", combining a fast Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser, fast pullback, and a micromotor actuated catheter, designed to examine a coronary vessel in less than one cardiac cycle. We acquired in vivo data sets of two coronary arteries in a porcine heart with both Heartbeat OCT, working at 2.88 MHz A-line rate, 4000 frames/s and 100 mm/s pullback speed, and with a commercial system. The in vivo results show that Heartbeat OCT provides faithfully rendered, motion-artifact free, fully sampled vessel wall architecture, unlike the conventional IV-OCT data. We present the Heartbeat OCT system in full technical detail and discuss the steps needed for clinical translation of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshi Wang
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tom Pfeiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538,
Germany
- Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck
Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Evelyn Regar
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Wieser
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538,
Germany
| | - Heleen van Beusekom
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
| | - Charles T. Lancee
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
| | - Geert Springeling
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Krabbendam
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F.W. van der Steen
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055 Shenzhen,
China
- Department of Imaging science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Postbus 5, Delft 2600 AA,
The Netherlands
| | - Robert Huber
- Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, München 80538,
Germany
- Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Universität zu Lübeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Lübeck
Germany
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA,
The Netherlands
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49
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Chen C, Zhao Y, Yang S, Xing D. Mechanical characterization of intraluminal tissue with phase-resolved photoacoustic viscoelasticity endoscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4975-80. [PMID: 26713209 PMCID: PMC4679269 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We developed a phase-sensitive side-scanning photoacoustic viscoelasticity endoscopy (PAVEE) for mechanical characterization of intraluminal tissues. In PAVEE, the PA phase can be extracted from the optical absorption induced ultrasonic waves and provides an index of viscoelasticity that is closely linked to tissue compositions. The transverse resolution of the PAVEE measured by carbon fiber was about 32 μm. The imaging capability of the PAVEE was verified using a vessel-mimicking phantom with different agar density. Moreover, PAVEE was investigated in processed lumen-shaped vascular tissues to evaluate the biomechanical features, which was highly consistent with the histology. The results demonstrated that the PAVEE can obtain viscoelastic properties of intraluminal tissues, which puts a new insight into the intravascular disease and holds great promise for plaque vulnerability detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conggui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China ;
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China ;
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50
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Bocarsly ME, Jiang WC, Wang C, Dudman JT, Ji N, Aponte Y. Minimally invasive microendoscopy system for in vivo functional imaging of deep nuclei in the mouse brain. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:4546-56. [PMID: 26601017 PMCID: PMC4646561 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image neurons anywhere in the mammalian brain is a major goal of optical microscopy. Here we describe a minimally invasive microendoscopy system for studying the morphology and function of neurons at depth. Utilizing a guide cannula with an ultrathin wall, we demonstrated in vivo two-photon fluorescence imaging of deeply buried nuclei such as the striatum (2.5 mm depth), substantia nigra (4.4 mm depth) and lateral hypothalamus (5.0 mm depth) in mouse brain. We reported, for the first time, the observation of neuronal activity with subcellular resolution in the lateral hypothalamus and substantia nigra of head-fixed awake mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Bocarsly
- Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work ; Current address: Section on Neuronal Structure, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Jiang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chen Wang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Joshua T Dudman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Na Ji
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA ;
| | - Yeka Aponte
- Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA ;
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