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Krenzlin H, Behera P, Lorenz V, Passaro C, Zdioruk M, Nowicki MO, Grauwet K, Zhang H, Skubal M, Ito H, Zane R, Gutknecht M, Griessl MB, Ricklefs F, Ding L, Peled S, Rooj A, James CD, Cobbs CS, Cook CH, Chiocca EA, Lawler SE. Cytomegalovirus promotes murine glioblastoma growth via pericyte recruitment and angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1671-1683. [PMID: 30855281 DOI: 10.1172/jci123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been implicated in glioblastoma (GBM); however, a mechanistic connection in vivo has not been established. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of murine CMV (MCMV) on GBM growth in murine models. Syngeneic GBM models were established in mice perinatally infected with MCMV. We found that tumor growth was markedly enhanced in MCMV+ mice, with a significant reduction in overall survival compared with that of controls (P < 0.001). We observed increased angiogenesis and tumor blood flow in MCMV+ mice. MCMV reactivation was observed in intratumoral perivascular pericytes and tumor cells in mouse and human GBM specimens, and pericyte coverage of tumor vasculature was strikingly augmented in MCMV+ mice. We identified PDGF-D as a CMV-induced factor essential for pericyte recruitment, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. The antiviral drug cidofovir improved survival in MCMV+ mice, inhibiting MCMV reactivation, PDGF-D expression, pericyte recruitment, and tumor angiogenesis. These data show that MCMV potentiates GBM growth in vivo by increased pericyte recruitment and angiogenesis due to alterations in the secretome of CMV-infected cells. Our model provides evidence for a role of CMV in GBM growth and supports the application of antiviral approaches for GBM therapy.
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Huang T, Wan X, Alvarez AA, James CD, Song X, Yang Y, Sastry N, Nakano I, Sulman EP, Hu B, Cheng SY. MIR93 (microRNA -93) regulates tumorigenicity and therapy response of glioblastoma by targeting autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1100-1111. [PMID: 30654687 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a natural intracellular process that maintains cellular homeostasis and protects cells from death under stress conditions. Autophagy sustains tumor survival and growth when induced by common cancer treatments, including IR and cytotoxic chemotherapy, thereby contributing to therapeutic resistance of tumors. In this study, we report that the expression of MIR93, noted in two clinically relevant tumor subtypes of GBM, influenced GSC phenotype as well as tumor response to therapy through its effects on autophagy. Our mechanistic studies revealed that MIR93 regulated autophagic activities in GSCs through simultaneous inhibition of multiple autophagy regulators, including BECN1/Beclin 1, ATG5, ATG4B, and SQSTM1/p62. Moreover, two first-line treatments for GBM, IR and temozolomide (TMZ), as well as rapamycin (Rap), the prototypic MTOR inhibitor, decreased MIR93 expression that, in turn, stimulated autophagic processes in GSCs. Inhibition of autophagy by ectopic MIR93 expression, or via autophagy inhibitors NSC (an ATG4B inhibitor) and CQ, enhanced the activity of IR and TMZ against GSCs. Collectively, our findings reveal a key role for MIR93 in the regulation of autophagy and suggest a combination treatment strategy involving the inhibition of autophagy while administering cytotoxic therapy. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BECN1: beclin 1; CL: classical; CQ: chloroquine diphosphate; CSCs: cancer stem cells; GBM: glioblastoma; GSCs: glioma stem-like cells; HEK: human embryonic kidney; IB: immunoblotting; IF: immunofluorescent staining; IR: irradiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MES: mesenchymal; MIR93: microRNA 93; MIRC: a control miRNA; miRNA/miR: microRNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NSC: NSC185085; PN: proneural; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; Rap: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCGA: the cancer genome atlas; TMZ: temozolomide; WT: wild type; ZIP93: lentiviral miRZIP targeting MIR93; ZIPC: lentiviral miRZip targeting control miRNA.
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Huang T, Kwon Kim C, Alvarez A, Pangeni R, Wan X, Xiao S, Shi T, Yang Y, Sastry N, Horbinski C, Lu S, Stupp R, Kessler J, Nishikawa R, Nakano I, Sulman E, Lu X, James CD, Yin XM, Hu B, Cheng SY. CSIG-35. MST4 PHOSPHORYLATION OF ATG4B REGULATES AUTOPHAGIC ACTIVITY, TUMORIGENICITY, AND RADIORESISTANCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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D. Eckerdt F, Fischietti M, Horbinski C, James CD, Platanias L. CSIG-15. SLFN5: A REPRESSOR OF INTERFERON-INDUCED SIGNALING THAT STIMULATES GLIOBLASTOMA CELL PROLIFERATION. SURVIVAL RESPONSES IN DIFFERENT XENOGRAFT GLIOBLASTOMA MOUSE MODELS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Louis N, Zou L, Unruh D, A. Ozark P, Piunti A, Gorbunova V, He X, Katagi H, Gryzlo D, Zhang A, M. Saratsis A, Laurie K, Lulla R, Fangusaro J, Horbinski C, Goldman S, James CD, Shilatifard A, Hashizume R. PDTM-05. RADIATION DNA DAMAGE REPAIR INHIBITION BY GSK-J4 INDUCED CHROMATIN COMPACTION IN DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gonzalez-Buendia E, Zhao J, Chen L, Feldstein E, Mahajan A, Rabadan R, James CD, Sonabend A. GENE-17. TOP2B REGULATES CDK4 SPLICE VARIANTS IN GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Unruh D, Mirkov S, Wray B, Lamano J, Scholtens DM, Sarkaria JN, James CD, Horbinski C. STEM-28. TISSUE FACTOR PROMOTES THE GLIOMA STEM CELL PHENOTYPE, AND IS SUPPRESSED BY MUTANT IDH1. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Katagi H, Zhang A, T. Blyth G, D. Eckerdt F, A. Ozark P, Zou L, He X, E. Loughlin K, Sasaki T, Horbinski C, R. Lulla R, M. Saratsis A, Goldman S, David James C, Shilatifard A, Hashizume R. PDTM-42. TARGETED INHIBITION OF BET BROMODOMAIN AND JMJD3 PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Saratsis A, Huang T, Piunti A, A. Ozark P, Bartom E, Marshall S, Hashizume R, David James C, Shilatifard A. PDTM-39. HISTONE H3 MUTATION EFFECTS ON CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND REGULATION OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN PEDIATRIC GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Krenzlin H, Behera P, Passaro C, Zdioruk M, Grauwet K, James CD, Ito H, Cobbs C, Cook C, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. TMOD-26. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS PROMOTES GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH VIA PDGF-D DRIVEN PERICYTE RECRUITMENT AND ANGIOGENESIS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Awah C, Gonzalez-Buendía E, Zhao J, Feldstein E, Chen L, Mahajan A, Warnke L, Wang L, Park C, Winter J, Konermann S, Shilatifard A, James CD, Rabadan R, Hsu P, Bansal M, Ahmed A, Sonabend A. DDIS-13. UNDERSTANDING GLIOBLASTOMA SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TOP2-TARGETING DRUGS FOR PERSONALIZED THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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James CD, Ahmed A, Sonabend A, Horbinski C, Stupp R. CSIG-18. MODELING TEMOZOLOMIDE RESISTANCE WITH GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENT DERIVED XENOGRAFTS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vaubel R, Tian S, Remonde D, Schroeder M, Kollmeyer T, Peng S, Mladek A, Carlson B, Ma D, Kitange G, Evers L, Decker P, Kosel M, Berens M, Klee E, Califano A, James CD, Lachance D, Eckel-Passow J, Verhaak R, Sulman E, Tran N, Giannini C, Jenkins R, Parney I, Sarkaria J. TMOD-18. THE PATIENT DERIVED XENOGRAFT NATIONAL RESOURCE: A COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTION OF HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA MODELS FOR PRE-CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL STUDIES. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Unruh D, Mirkov S, Wray B, Drumm M, Lamano J, Li YD, Haider QF, Javier R, McCortney K, Saratsis A, Scholtens DM, Sarkaria JN, James CD, Horbinski C. Methylation-dependent Tissue Factor Suppression Contributes to the Reduced Malignancy of IDH1-mutant Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:747-759. [PMID: 30266764 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations (IDH1mut) are less aggressive than IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) gliomas and have global genomic hypermethylation. Yet it is unclear how specific hypermethylation events contribute to the IDH1mut phenotype. Previously, we showed that the gene encoding the procoagulant tissue factor (TF), F3, is among the most hypermethylated and downregulated genes in IDH1mut gliomas, correlating with greatly reduced thrombosis in patients with IDH1mut glioma. Because TF also increases the aggressiveness of many cancers, the current study explored the contribution of TF suppression to the reduced malignancy of IDH1mut gliomas.Experimental Design: TF expression was manipulated in patient-derived IDH1mut and IDH1wt glioma cells, followed by evaluation of in vitro and in vivo behavior and analyses of cell signaling pathways. RESULTS A demethylating agent, decitabine, increased F3 transcription and TF-dependent coagulative activity in IDH1mut cells, but not in IDH1wt cells. TF induction enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of IDH1mut cells, and increased the intracranial engraftment of IDH1mut GBM164 from 0% to 100% (P = 0.0001). Conversely, TF knockdown doubled the median survival of mice engrafted with IDH1wt/EGFRvIIIamp GBM6, and caused complete regression of IDH1wt/EGFRamp GBM12 (P = 0.001). In vitro and in vivo effects were linked to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) by TF through a Src-dependent intracellular pathway, even when extracellular RTK stimulation was blocked. TF stimulated invasion predominately through upregulation of β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS These data show that TF suppression is a component of IDH1mut glioma behavior, and that it may therefore be an attractive target against IDH1wt gliomas.
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Pangeni RP, Zhang Z, Alvarez AA, Wan X, Sastry N, Lu S, Shi T, Huang T, Lei CX, James CD, Kessler JA, Brennan CW, Nakano I, Lu X, Hu B, Zhang W, Cheng SY. Genome-wide methylomic and transcriptomic analyses identify subtype-specific epigenetic signatures commonly dysregulated in glioma stem cells and glioblastoma. Epigenetics 2018; 13:432-448. [PMID: 29927689 PMCID: PMC6140806 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1469892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, contribute to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Gene expression profiling classified glioblastoma (GBM) and GSCs into four transcriptomically-defined subtypes. Here, we determined the DNA methylation signatures in transcriptomically pre-classified GSC and GBM bulk tumors subtypes. We hypothesized that these DNA methylation signatures correlate with gene expression and are uniquely associated either with only GSCs or only GBM bulk tumors. Additional methylation signatures may be commonly associated with both GSCs and GBM bulk tumors, i.e., common to non-stem-like and stem-like tumor cell populations and correlating with the clinical prognosis of glioma patients. We analyzed Illumina 450K methylation array and expression data from a panel of 23 patient-derived GSCs. We referenced these results with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) GBM datasets to generate methylomic and transcriptomic signatures for GSCs and GBM bulk tumors of each transcriptomically pre-defined tumor subtype. Survival analyses were carried out for these signature genes using publicly available datasets, including from TCGA. We report that DNA methylation signatures in proneural and mesenchymal tumor subtypes are either unique to GSCs, unique to GBM bulk tumors, or common to both. Further, dysregulated DNA methylation correlates with gene expression and clinical prognoses. Additionally, many previously identified transcriptionally-regulated markers are also dysregulated due to DNA methylation. The subtype-specific DNA methylation signatures described in this study could be useful for refining GBM sub-classification, improving prognostic accuracy, and making therapeutic decisions.
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Louis N, He X, Unruh D, Piunti A, Zou L, Ozark P, Tianc X, Gorbunova V, Katagi H, Gryzlo D, Zhang A, Saratsis A, Laurie K, Lulla R, Fangusaro J, Horbinski C, Goldman S, David James C, Shilatifard A, Hashizume R. DIPG-63. RADIATION DNA DAMAGE REPAIR INHIBITION BY GSK-J4 INDUCED CHROMATIN COMPACTION IN DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Saratsis A, Piunti A, Huang T, Bartom E, Ozark P, Marshall S, Qi J, Hashizume R, Lulla R, David James C, Shilatifard A. DIPG-14. INTEGRATED DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (DIPG) NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING REVEALS EPIGENETIC DYSREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION AND BROMODOMAIN INHIBITION AS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Katagi H, Louis N, He X, Loughlin K, Zhang A, Ozark P, Horbinski C, Lulla R, Saratsis A, Goldman S, David James C, Shilatifard A, Hashizume R. DIPG-24. TARGETED INHIBITION OF JMJD3 AND BET BROMODOMAIN PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Calvert AE, Chalastanis A, Wu Y, Hurley LA, Kouri FM, Bi Y, Kachman M, May JL, Bartom E, Hua Y, Mishra RK, Schiltz GE, Dubrovskyi O, Mazar AP, Peter ME, Zheng H, James CD, Burant CF, Chandel NS, Davuluri RV, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Cancer-Associated IDH1 Promotes Growth and Resistance to Targeted Therapies in the Absence of Mutation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1858-1873. [PMID: 28564604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in two isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-encoding genes (IDH1 and IDH2) have been identified in acute myelogenous leukemia, low-grade glioma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM). Our in silico and wet-bench analyses indicate that non-mutated IDH1 mRNA and protein are commonly overexpressed in primary GBMs. We show that genetic and pharmacologic inactivation of IDH1 decreases GBM cell growth, promotes a more differentiated tumor cell state, increases apoptosis in response to targeted therapies, and prolongs the survival of animal subjects bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). On a molecular level, diminished IDH1 activity results in reduced α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and NADPH production, paralleled by deficient carbon flux from glucose or acetate into lipids, exhaustion of reduced glutathione, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced histone methylation and differentiation marker expression. These findings suggest that IDH1 upregulation represents a common metabolic adaptation by GBMs to support macromolecular synthesis, aggressive growth, and therapy resistance.
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Ladomersky E, Zhai L, Lenzen A, Lauing KL, Qian J, Scholtens DM, Gritsina G, Sun X, Liu Y, Yu F, Gong W, Liu Y, Jiang B, Tang T, Patel R, Platanias LC, James CD, Stupp R, Lukas RV, Binder DC, Wainwright DA. IDO1 Inhibition Synergizes with Radiation and PD-1 Blockade to Durably Increase Survival Against Advanced Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2559-2573. [PMID: 29500275 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of 15-20 months. Numerous approaches and novel therapeutics for treating glioblastoma have been investigated in the setting of phase III clinical trials, including a recent analysis of the immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab (anti-PD-1), which failed to improve recurrent glioblastoma patient survival. However, rather than abandoning immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for glioblastoma, which has shown promise in other types of cancer, ongoing studies are currently evaluating this therapeutic class when combined with other agents.Experimental Design: Here, we investigated immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of glioblastoma treated with the potent CNS-penetrating IDO1 enzyme inhibitor, BGB-5777, combined with anti-PD1 mAb, as well as radiotherapy, based on our recent observation that tumor-infiltrating T cells directly increase immunosuppressive IDO1 levels in human glioblastoma, the previously described reinvigoration of immune cell functions after PD-1 blockade, as well as the proinflammatory effects of radiation.Results: Our results demonstrate a durable survival benefit from this novel three-agent treatment, but not for any single- or dual-agent combination. Unexpectedly, treatment efficacy required IDO1 enzyme inhibition in non-glioblastoma cells, rather than tumor cells. Timing of effector T-cell infiltration, animal subject age, and usage of systemic chemotherapy, all directly impacted therapy-mediated survival benefit.Conclusions: These data highlight a novel and clinically relevant immunotherapeutic approach with associated mechanistic considerations that have formed the basis of a newly initiated phase I/II trial for glioblastoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2559-73. ©2018 AACR.
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Grossauer S, Koeck K, Murphy NE, Meyers ID, Daynac M, Truffaux N, Truong AY, Nicolaides TP, McMahon M, Berger MS, Phillips JJ, James CD, Petritsch CK. Concurrent MEK targeted therapy prevents MAPK pathway reactivation during BRAFV600E targeted inhibition in a novel syngeneic murine glioma model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75839-75853. [PMID: 27713119 PMCID: PMC5342782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of BRAFV600E kinase are currently under investigations in preclinical and clinical studies involving BRAFV600E glioma. Studies demonstrated clinical response to such individualized therapy in the majority of patients whereas in some patients tumors continue to grow despite treatment. To study resistance mechanisms, which include feedback activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in melanoma, we developed a luciferase-modified cell line (2341luc) from a BrafV600E mutant and Cdkn2a- deficient murine high-grade glioma, and analyzed its molecular responses to BRAFV600E- and MAPK kinase (MEK)-targeted inhibition. Immunocompetent, syngeneic FVB/N mice with intracranial grafts of 2341luc were tested for effects of BRAFV600E and MEK inhibitor treatments, with bioluminescence imaging up to 14-days after start of treatment and survival analysis as primary indicators of inhibitor activity. Intracranial injected tumor cells consistently generated high-grade glioma-like tumors in syngeneic mice. Intraperitoneal daily delivery of BRAFV600E inhibitor dabrafenib only transiently suppressed MAPK signaling, and rather increased Akt signaling and failed to extend survival for mice with intracranial 2341luc tumor. MEK inhibitor trametinib delivered by oral gavage daily suppressed MAPK pathway more effectively and had a more durable anti-growth effect than dabrafenib as well as a significant survival benefit. Compared with either agent alone, combined BRAFV600E and MEK inhibitor treatment was more effective in reducing tumor growth and extending animal subject survival, as corresponding to sustained MAPK pathway inhibition. Results derived from the 2341luc engraftment model application have clinical implications for the management of BRAFV600E glioma.
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Lindberg OR, McKinney A, Engler JR, Koshkakaryan G, Gong H, Robinson AE, Ewald AJ, Huillard E, David James C, Molinaro AM, Shieh JT, Phillips JJ. GBM heterogeneity as a function of variable epidermal growth factor receptor variant III activity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79101-79116. [PMID: 27738329 PMCID: PMC5346701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) due to a deletion of exons 2-7 of EGFR (EGFRvIII) is a common alteration in glioblastoma (GBM). While this alteration can drive gliomagenesis, tumors harboring EGFRvIII are heterogeneous. To investigate the role for EGFRvIII activation in tumor phenotype we used a neural progenitor cell-based murine model of GBM driven by EGFR signaling and generated tumor progenitor cells with high and low EGFRvIII activation, pEGFRHi and pEGFRLo. In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies suggested a direct association between EGFRvIII activity and increased tumor cell proliferation, decreased tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and altered progenitor cell phenotype. Time-lapse confocal imaging of tumor cells in brain slice cultures demonstrated blood vessel co-option by tumor cells and highlighted differences in invasive pattern. Inhibition of EGFR signaling in pEGFRHi promoted cell differentiation and increased cell-matrix adhesion. Conversely, increased EGFRvIII activation in pEGFRLo reduced cell-matrix adhesion. Our study using a murine model for GBM driven by a single genetic driver, suggests differences in EGFR activation contribute to tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness.
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Saratsis A, Huang T, Bartom E, Marshall S, Qi J, Hashizume R, James CD, Shilatifard A. PDTM-02. NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA CELLS REVEALS ALTERED EPIGENETIC REGULATION AND DISTINCT TUMOR SUBGROUPS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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49
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Louis N, He X, Piunti A, Morgan M, Unruh D, Saratsis A, Lulla R, Fangusaro JR, Horbinski C, Goldman S, James CD, Shilatifard A, Hashizume R. PDTM-44. RADIATION DNA DAMAGE REPAIR INHIBITION BY GSK-J4 INDUCED CHROMATIN COMPACTION IN DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Zhai L, Ladomersky E, Lauing K, Wu M, Genet M, Gritsina G, Gyorffy B, Brastianos P, Binder D, Sosman J, Giles F, James CD, Horbinski CM, Stupp R, Wainwright D. IMMU-66. IDO1 EXPRESSION STRATIFIES PATIENT SURVIVAL AND IS REGULATED BY TUMOR INFILTRATING T CELLS IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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