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Nicholson PJ, Cullinan P, Taylor AJN, Burge PS, Boyle C. Evidence based guidelines for the prevention, identification, and management of occupational asthma. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62:290-9. [PMID: 15837849 PMCID: PMC1741012 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2004.016287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational asthma is the most frequently reported work related respiratory disease in many countries. This work was commissioned by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation to assist the Health and Safety Executive in achieving its target of reducing the incidence of occupational asthma in Great Britain by 30% by 2010. AIM The guidelines aim to improve the prevention, identification, and management of occupational asthma by providing evidence based recommendations on which future practice can be based. METHODS The literature was searched systematically using Medline and Embase for articles published in all languages up to the end of June 2004. Evidence based statements and recommendations were graded according to the Royal College of General Practitioner's star system and the revised Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system. RESULTS A total of 474 original studies were selected for appraisal from over 2500 abstracts. The systematic review produced 52 graded evidence statements and 22 recommendations based on 223 studies. DISCUSSION Evidence based guidelines have become benchmarks for practice in healthcare and the process used to prepare them is well established. This evidence review and its recommendations focus on interventions and outcomes to provide a robust approach to the prevention, identification, and management of occupational asthma, based on and using the best available medical evidence. The most important action to prevent cases of occupational asthma is to reduce exposure at source. Thereafter surveillance should be performed for the early identification of symptoms, including occupational rhinitis, with additional functional and immunological tests where appropriate. Effective management of workers suspected to have occupational asthma involves the identification and investigation of symptoms suggestive of asthma immediately they occur. Those workers who are confirmed to have occupational asthma should be advised to avoid further exposure completely and early in the course of their disease to offer the best chance of recovery.
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Newman Taylor AJ, Cullinan P, Burge PS, Nicholson P, Boyle C. BOHRF guidelines for occupational asthma. Thorax 2005; 60:364-6. [PMID: 15860710 PMCID: PMC1758914 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2004.032367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Dorea HC, McLaughlin RM, Cantwell HD, Read R, Armbrust L, Pool R, Roush JK, Boyle C. Evaluation of healing in feline femoral defects filled with cancellous autograft, cancellous allograft or Bioglass. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18:157-68. [PMID: 16594447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancellous bone grafting is a widely accepted technique in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery. However, the use of autogenous bone graft is limited by the additional surgical time required to harvest the graft, the morbidity associated with the donor site, and the limited availability of cancellous bone, especially in feline patients. Various allografts and bone graft substitutes are available commercially but have not been fully evaluated for efficacy in the cat. The purpose of this study was to compare the incorporation of autogenous and allogenous cancellous bone graft and Bioglass, a synthetic bone graft substitute, in femoral defects in cats. Four (4.0 mm diameter) defects were created in the lateral diaphyseal cortex of the left femur with an orthopaedic drill. In each femur, one of the cortical defects was filled with autogenous cancellous graft (harvested from the tibia), one was filled with allogenic cancellous graft, and one was filled with Bioglass. The fourth defect remained unfilled. Graft incorporation within the femoral defects was evaluated by radiographic evaluation every two weeks. Six weeks after the grafting procedure, the cats were euthanatized and high detailed radiography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), histopathology and histomorphometry of the defects were performed. Satisfactory bone healing was observed within all of the defects.
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29
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Canning P, Quinn N, Boyle C, Liu FT, Hsu DK, Stitt AW. PC7 ADVANCED GLYCATION ENDPRODUCT-INDUCED BREAKDOWN OF THE BLOOD RETINAL BARRIER IS MEDIATED BY GALECTIN 3. Microcirculation 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10739680490488463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Jeffery B, Barlow T, Moizer K, Paul S, Boyle C. Amnesic shellfish poison. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:545-57. [PMID: 15019178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is caused by consumption of shellfish that have accumulated domoic acid, a neurotoxin produced by some strains of phytoplankton. The neurotoxic properties of domoic acid result in neuronal degeneration and necrosis in specific regions of the hippocampus. A serious outbreak of ASP occurred in Canada in 1987 and involved 150 reported cases, 19 hospitalisations and 4 deaths after consumption of contaminated mussels. Symptoms ranged from gastrointestinal disturbances, to neurotoxic effects such as hallucinations, memory loss and coma. Monitoring programmes are in place in numerous countries worldwide and closures of shellfish harvesting areas occur when domoic acid concentrations exceed regulatory limits. This paper reviews the chemistry, sources, metabolism and toxicology of domoic acid as well as human case reports of ASP and discusses a possible mechanism of toxicity.
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31
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Bertrand J, Mars A, Boyle C, Bove F, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P. Prevalence of autism in a United States population: the Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation. Pediatrics 2001; 108:1155-61. [PMID: 11694696 DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined the prevalence of autism for a defined community, Brick Township, New Jersey, using current diagnostic and epidemiologic methods. METHODS The target population was children who were 3 to 10 years of age in 1998, who were residents of Brick Township at any point during that year, and who had an autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder was defined as autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger disorder. The study used 4 sources for active case finding: special education records, records from local clinicians providing diagnosis or treatment for developmental or behavioral disabilities, lists of children from community parent groups, and families who volunteered for participation in the study in response to media attention. The autism diagnosis was verified (or ruled out) for 71% of the children through clinical assessment. The assessment included medical and developmental history, physical and neurologic evaluation, assessment of intellectual and behavioral functioning, and administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. RESULTS The prevalence of all autism spectrum disorders combined was 6.7 cases per 1000 children. The prevalence for children whose condition met full diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder was 4.0 cases per 1000 children, and the prevalence for PDD-NOS and Asperger disorder was 2.7 cases per 1000 children. Characteristics of children with autism in this study were similar to those in previous studies of autism. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of autism in Brick Township seems to be higher than that in other studies, particularly studies conducted in the United States, but within the range of a few recent studies in smaller populations that used more thorough case-finding methods.
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32
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McKenna DJ, Simpson DA, Feeney S, Gardiner TA, Boyle C, Nelson J, Stitt AW. Expression of the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) during retinal development: correlations with angiogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2001; 73:81-92. [PMID: 11428865 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2001.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of vascular cells with the laminin component of basement membranes is important for normal cell function. Likewise, abnormal interactions may have a critical role in vascular pathology. It has been previously demonstrated that the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is expressed at high levels during proliferative retinopathy in a mouse model and in the current study we have examined 67LR in the neonatal mouse to determine if this receptor plays a role in aspects of developmental angiogenesis in the developing murine retina. Groups of C57/BL6 mice were killed at postnatal day P1, P3, P5, P7, P9 and P11 to assess the retinal vasculature. A number of mice were perfused with FITC-dextran and the eyes removed, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and flat-mounted for confocal scanning laser microscopy. The eyes from the remaining mice were either placed in 4% PFA and embedded in paraffin-wax, or had the neural retina dissected off and total RNA or protein extracted. Immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis were employed to locate and determine expression levels of 67LR. Both 67LR mRNA and protein expression showed a characteristic bi-phasic expression pattern which correlated with key stages of retinal vascular development in the murine retina. 67LR showed high expression levels at P1 (P < 0.05) (correlating with superficial vascular plexus formation) and at P7 (P < 0.05) (correlating with deep vascular plexus formation). Conversely, 67LR expression was decreased when active angiogenic activity was lowest. Significantly, optical sectioning of retinal flat-mounts revealed high levels of 67LR expression in developing segments of both superficial and deep capillary plexi, a pattern which co-localized strongly with laminin. 67LR is regulated during post-natal development of the retinal vasculature. High levels of 67LR during the two well-defined phases of retinal capillary plexus formation suggests that this receptor may play an important role in retinal angiogenesis.
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33
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Boyle C. Nursing care for raised intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal decompression. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2000; 16:406. [PMID: 11091475 DOI: 10.1054/iccn.2000.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Leslie JC, Boyle C, Shaw D. Effects of reinforcement magnitude and ratio values on behaviour maintained by a cyclic ratio schedule of reinforcement. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2000; 53:289-308. [PMID: 11131787 DOI: 10.1080/713932738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In Experiments 1 and 2, lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a cyclic ratio schedule of food reinforcement, comprising a repeated sequence of fixed-ratio component schedules. Reinforcement magnitude was varied, on occasional sessions in Experiment 1 and across blocks of sessions in Experiment 2, from one to two or three 45-mg food pellets. In the one-pellet condition, post-reinforcement pauses increased with component schedule value. At higher magnitudes, post-reinforcement pauses increased, and overall response rates declined. Response rate on component schedules was a decreasing linear function of the obtained rate of reinforcement in all conditions. Plotted against component schedule value, response rate increased exponentially to an asymptote that decreased when reinforcement magnitude increased. These findings are consistent with regulatory accounts of food-reinforced behaviour. In Experiment 3, rats were trained under a cyclic ratio schedule comprising fixed-ratio components including higher values, and some inverted U-shaped response functions were obtained. Those rats that did not show this relationship were trained on cyclic ratios with even higher values, and all showed inverted U-shaped response functions. This suggests that behaviour on cyclic ratio schedules can reflect activating of reinforcement as well as the satiating effects seen in Experiments 1 and 2.
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Simpson DA, Feeney S, Boyle C, Stitt AW. Retinal VEGF mRNA measured by SYBR green I fluorescence: A versatile approach to quantitative PCR. Mol Vis 2000; 6:178-83. [PMID: 11023552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether continuous monitoring of SYBR Green I fluorescence provides a reliable and flexible method of quantitative RT-PCR. Our aims were (i) to test whether SYBR Green I analysis could quantify a wide range of known VEGF template concentrations, (ii) to apply this method in an experimental model, and (iii) to determine whether 20 existing primer pairs could be used to quantify their cognate mRNAs. METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR was performed using a LightCycler rapid thermal cycler (Roche). Retinal VEGF mRNA levels were measured in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy during vaso-obliterative and hypoxic phases. RESULTS This technique was able to detect as few as 10 control template copies, with quantitative data available routinely for 1000 or more copies. The levels of retinal VEGF mRNA expression followed the hypoxia-induced pattern determined previously by conventional methods. All gene-specific primer pairs which amplify a specific product by conventional PCR were successfully converted to SYBR Green analysis, including those for housekeeping genes glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin, and acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein PO (ARP/36B4) and for 28S rRNA. In each case melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the specificity of the amplification product. CONCLUSIONS The sequence-independent detection of DNA with SYBR Green I means that it can be used to quantify the amplification of any cDNA using gene-specific primers. This rapid and flexible method is ideally suited for researchers in vision science wishing to quantify mRNAs from many different genes because it does not require investment in gene-specific hybridization probes.
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36
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Görlitzer K, Kramer C, Boyle C. [Synthesis and transformations of ethyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo(1)benzofuro(3,2-b)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid esters: new antibacterial agents]. DIE PHARMAZIE 2000; 55:651-8. [PMID: 11031767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The title compound 7 was synthesized from potassium 3-amino-[1]benzofuran-2-carboxylate (1) by Gould-Jacobs-reaction. The pyridone 7 reacted with ethyl iodide by N- and O-alkylation to give 9 and 10, while methyl iodide only yielded the N-methylpyridone 11. The 4-chloropyridine 15 was obtained by heating 7 in phosphoryl chloride. Alkaline saponification of the esters 7, 9-11 and 15 afforded the carboxylic acids 8, 12-14 and 16. The carbaldehydes 19 and 22 were prepared from the ethylesters 10 and 15 by boranate reduction to the carbinoles 17 and 20 followed by dehydrogenation with activated manganese dioxide. The aldehyde 22 reacted with beta-aminocrotonic acid esters to yield the 1,4 dihydropyridines (DHP) 23. The pyridines 24 were formed by chemical or electrochemical dehydrogenation of the DHP 23. The tetrazole 27 was accessible from the aldehyde 22 via the aldoxime 25 and the nitrile 26. The pyridone 7 reacted with tosylisocyanate to yield the 4-tosylaminopyridine 28, which after alkylation to form 29 followed by detosylation to give 30 and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis produced the 4-aminonicotinic acid 31. The investigation The N-ethylpyridone-3-carboxylic acid 12 showed antibacterial activity comparable to the reference substance nalidixic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium.
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37
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Boyle C, Cosby SL, Markey GM, Alexander HD, Morris TC. Quantitative deficiency of monocyte-specific esterase (MSE) mRNA in monocyte esterase deficiency (MED). Br J Haematol 2000; 110:699-703. [PMID: 10997983 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochemical staining of monocyte-specific esterase (MSE) is widely used for identification of the monocytic lineage in leukaemias. Deficiency of this enzymatic activity occurs as a familial trait and the deficiency has been shown to occur with greater frequency in patients with lymphoproliferative or gastrointestinal malignant neoplastic diseases than in normal blood donors. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing and quantification by Northern blot analysis was conducted on the MSE mRNA of 12 subjects with monocyte esterase deficiency (MED) and seven MSE-positive subjects to examine whether mutations were present or whether the defect was quantitative. Mutations were not found in the mRNA sequences. However, MED subjects had significantly less MSE mRNA than MSE-positive subjects (P = 0.001). These findings show that deficiency of monocyte esterase activity in MED is not as a result of the presence of inactive isoenzymes and may be owing to an abnormality in the regulation of mRNA production.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Colonic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Esterases/deficiency
- Esterases/genetics
- Female
- Hematologic Diseases/genetics
- Humans
- Intestinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Male
- Odds Ratio
- Pedigree
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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38
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Görlitzer K, Kramer C, Boyle C. [Gyrase inhibitors. 3. Synthesis and reactions of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-(1)benzothieno(3,2-b)pyridin-3-carboxylic acid esters]. DIE PHARMAZIE 2000; 55:595-600. [PMID: 10989837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The title compound 4a is synthesized from potassium 3-aminobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (1) by Gould-Jacobs reaction. Compound 4a reacts with alkyl halides and sodium hydride in DMF to yield the N-alkylpyridones 5a-c as well as the 4-alkoxypyridines 6a-c; with phosphoryl chloride the 4-chloropyridine 7a is obtained. The carboxylic acids 4b, 5d, 5e, 6d and 7b are received by alkaline saponification of the esters 4a, 5a-c, 6a-c and 7a. The carbinoles 8 and 9, formed by boranate reduction of the esters 6a and 7a, are transformed to the aldehydes 10 and 11 by activated manganese dioxide oxidation. The aldoxime 12 from the carbaldehyde 11 is dehydrated to yield the nitrile 13. The carbaldehyde 11 reacts with methyl beta-aminocrotonate to yield the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) 14, which is dehydrogenated to give the 3,4'-bipyridine 15. The pyridone 4a reacts with tosylisocyanate to yield the 4-tosylaminopyridine 16a. The antibacterial activity of the carboxylic acids 4b, 5d, 5e and 6d is proved. The growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium is inhibited by 5d in the same range as nalidixic acid does.
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39
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Mervis CA, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Winter S, Boyle C. Aetiology of childhood vision impairment, metropolitan Atlanta, 1991-93. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2000; 14:70-7. [PMID: 10703037 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2000.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP) were used to describe the underlying causes of vision impairment (VI; corrected visual acuity in the better eye of 20/70 or worse) in young children (n = 228) in metropolitan Atlanta in 1991-93. Children with VI were identified through record review at multiple educational and medical sources. Children were categorised as having isolated VI or multiple disabilities (i.e. VI plus one or more of four additional developmental disabilities) and as having low vision (visual acuity 20/70-20/400) or blindness (visual acuity worse than 20/400). Medical conditions abstracted from MADDSP sources were reviewed to determine the probable aetiology of a child's VI. Aetiologies were assigned to one of three developmental time periods: prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal. Prenatal aetiologies were identified in 43% of the children; 38% of the prenatal aetiologies were genetic. Perinatal aetiologies were found in 27% of the children. Postnatal aetiologies were rare. Prenatal aetiologies were more common in children with isolated VI; perinatal and postnatal aetiologies were more common in children with multiple disabilities. Children with prenatal aetiologies tended to have less severe vision loss than did children with perinatal or postnatal aetiologies. The distribution varied by birthweight, but did not differ significantly by sex or race.
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40
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Beasley C, Boyle C, McNamara P, Guardino S. Estimating the potential effects of donor registries using a simple analytical model. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:1701-2. [PMID: 10331043 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Crawford DC, Meadows KL, Newman JL, Taft LF, Pettay DL, Gold LB, Hersey SJ, Hinkle EF, Stanfield ML, Holmgreen P, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Boyle C, Sherman SL. Prevalence and phenotype consequence of FRAXA and FRAXE alleles in a large, ethnically diverse, special education-needs population. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:495-507. [PMID: 9973286 PMCID: PMC1377758 DOI: 10.1086/302260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a large population-based survey of fragile X (FRAXA) syndrome in ethnically diverse metropolitan Atlanta. The eligible study population consisted of public school children, aged 7-10 years, in special education-needs (SEN) classes. The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence among whites and, for the first time, African Americans, among a non-clinically referred population. At present, 5 males with FRAXA syndrome (4 whites and 1 African American), among 1,979 tested males, and no females, among 872 tested females, were identified. All males with FRAXA syndrome were mentally retarded and had been diagnosed previously. The prevalence for FRAXA syndrome was estimated to be 1/3,460 (confidence interval [CI] 1/7,143-1/1,742) for the general white male population and 1/4, 048 (CI 1/16,260-1/1,244) for the general African American male population. We also compared the frequency of intermediate and premutation FRAXA alleles (41-199 repeats) and fragile XE syndrome alleles (31-199 repeats) in the SEN population with that in a control population, to determine if there was a possible phenotype consequence of such high-repeat alleles, as has been reported previously. No difference was observed between our case and control populations, and no difference was observed between populations when the probands were grouped by a rough estimate of IQ based on class placement. These results suggest that there is no phenotype consequence of larger alleles that would cause carriers to be placed in an SEN class.
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42
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LaRosa JC, Sneider GB, Boyle C. What kinds of studies should be required to probe efficacy and safety of drugs in special populations? Am J Cardiol 1998; 81:84F-87F. [PMID: 9604921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Decouflé P, Boyle C. Dose-response analyses of women's alcohol use during pregnancy and children's cognitive functioning. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:299-300; author reply 300-1. [PMID: 9103122 PMCID: PMC1380816 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.2.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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44
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Khoury MJ, Boyle C, DeCoufle P, Floyd L, Hymbaughm K. The interface between dysmorphology and epidemiology in the "diagnosis" and surveillance for fetal alcohol effects. Pediatrics 1996; 98:315-6. [PMID: 8692645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
At a 387-bed geriatric hospital in Montreal, Canada, a cross-sectional satisfaction survey was conducted on random samples of patients, families, families of deceased patients, and nursing staff. Using the same pretested structured questionnaire, the subjects were asked to rank (assign importance to) and rate (assign a rate of success to) 15 indicators of quality care. Significant differences both between and within the four groups were found on the perceived importance and rate of success of many of the indicators, supporting the primary hypotheses. Ethnicity and several sociodemographic covariates influenced the importance and rate of success assigned to the key indicators. The article discusses survey methodology issues as well as the integration of a satisfaction survey into an overall quality improvement program.
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Abstract
We report the fourth case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the sternum described in the literature. The clinical, radiographic, pathologic and treatment aspects of this case are presented, and the literature on chondromyxoid fibroma in this unusual location is reviewed.
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47
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Mutalib A, Holland M, Barnes HJ, Boyle C. Ultrasound for detecting osteomyelitis in turkeys. Avian Dis 1996; 40:321-5. [PMID: 8790881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
One thousand turkey legs were examined for osteomyelitis (OM) by ultrasonographic, pathologic, and bacteriologic examinations. OM lesions were recognized as hyperechoic (brighter white) disruptions in cortical bone in the growth plate region by ultrasound examination OM was confirmed histologically in 139 of 1000 legs. OM was detected by ultrasound in 109 of 139 OM-positive legs for a sensitivity rate of 78%. OM was not detected by ultrasound in 713 of the 861 OM-negative legs for a specificity rate of 83%. Ultrasonography was superior to current use of green liver discoloration for detection of tibial OM in turkeys at processing. The economic benefit to the turkey industry from the approval and application of this procedure could be considerable.
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48
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Kuenneth CA, Boyle C, Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Reproductive risk factors for epilepsy among ten-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1996; 10:186-96. [PMID: 8778691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The elements of a woman's reproductive history that may be associated with her risk of having a child who develops epilepsy have not been well described. To examine these possible associations, we used a multiple-source case ascertainment method to identify ten-year-old children with epilepsy who were living in the metropolitan Atlanta area in 1985-87; same-age control children were selected from public schools. To obtain reproductive history and other information, we interviewed 107 mothers of children with epilepsy and 408 mothers of control children. Twenty-nine children with a known intrauterine or postnatal aetiology were excluded from the analysis. We computed adjusted odds ratios for reproductive history characteristics, controlling for the race of the child, maternal education, census block group income, maternal pregnancy history and family history of a developmental disability. Our analyses indicated that mothers of children with epilepsy not only had more previous live births, but more previous adverse reproductive outcomes including spontaneous abortions, very low birthweight infants and infants with birth defects. The risk was especially strong for maternal history of a child with a birth defect. The specific types of birth defects reported in excess include central nervous system defects (specifically spina bifida) and Down's syndrome.
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49
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Ellish NJ, Saboda K, O'Connor J, Nasca PC, Stanek EJ, Boyle C. A prospective study of early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:406-12. [PMID: 8671233 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/11.2.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The New York State Early Pregnancy Detection Study was a prospective study of early pregnancy loss, between implantation and menses, in 217 women attempting to become pregnant during 1989-1992. Women collected urine samples on three consecutive mornings during the late luteal phase of their menstrual cycle, for up to 12 cycles, contributing samples for 1253 menstrual cycles. Urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), measured using an immunoradiometric assay, was the biomarker for pregnancy. We observed a range of early pregnancy loss (EPL) rates, from a low estimate of 11.0% to a high estimate of 26.9%, depending on the definition used and the subgroup analysed. Based on a definition of 3 days of HCG concentration > or = 4.00 pmol/l, 2 days > or = 5.33 pmol/l or the last day of HCG > or = 6.67 pmol/l, we identified 115 positive cycles; 95 cycles were clinically confirmed pregnancies and 20 cycles were EPL, giving an EPL rate of 17.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.0-25.6]. In addition, we observed an EPL rate of 19.5% (95% CI 11.3-30.1) for samples collected within a 15 day window around menses, and a rate of 20.3% (95% CI 11.3-32.2) for samples limited to the first three menstrual cycles. Because studies use urine collection schemes other than daily sampling, the definition of pregnancy will be crucial in defining EPL.
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Ward J, Boyle C, Long D, Ovadia C. Patient surveys in general practice: a randomised trial of an instant lottery ticket to increase return rate. AUSTRALIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 1996; Suppl 1:S19-20. [PMID: 9479793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient surveys are becoming increasingly common and already are an obligatory activity to qualify for a Better Practice Program Grant. Strategies to increase return rates remain unevaluated in Australian general practice. AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of an instant lottery ticket as a response-aiding technique in patient surveys. METHOD A random sample of adult patients was selected from an age-sex-disease register, stratified by sex and randomised to receive an instant lottery ticket with the self-administered questionnaire mailed out in December 1994. RESULTS There was no significant difference by group either for women (P = 0.68), men (P = 0.88) or both sexes combined (P = 0.68). However, irrespective of inclusion of the lottery ticket, men were significantly less likely to return questionnaires than women (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Instant lottery tickets do not increase return rates to questionnaires and are not recommended. Other strategies need to be tested, particularly to involve male patients in general practice research.
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