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Kryshtafovych A, Monastyrskyy B, Adams PD, Lawson CL, Chiu W. Distribution of evaluation scores for the models submitted to the second cryo-EM model challenge. Data Brief 2018; 20:1629-1638. [PMID: 30263915 PMCID: PMC6157618 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
142 protein structure models were submitted to second Cryo-EM model challenge (2015–2016). Accuracy of the models was evaluated with 54 evaluation scores. Results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the scores are provided in this article.
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Lawson CL, Gabanyi MJ, Westbrook J, Young J, Dutta S, Peisach E, Hudson BP, Rose P, Duarte J, Sarjeant A, Burley SK, Berman HM. New online curriculum: the PDB pipeline and data archiving. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767318097568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kryshtafovych A, Lawson CL, Chiu W. Evaluation of models in the 2016 cryo-EM model challenge. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767318098768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kryshtafovych A, Adams PD, Lawson CL, Chiu W. Evaluation system and web infrastructure for the second cryo-EM model challenge. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:96-108. [PMID: 30017700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation system and a web infrastructure were developed for the second cryo-EM model challenge. The evaluation system includes tools to validate stereo-chemical plausibility of submitted models, check their fit to the corresponding density maps, estimate their overall and per-residue accuracy, and assess their similarity to reference cryo-EM or X-ray structures as well as other models submitted in this challenge. The web infrastructure provides a convenient interface for analyzing models at different levels of detail. It includes interactively sortable tables of evaluation scores for different subsets of models and different sublevels of structure organization, and a suite of visualization tools facilitating model analysis. The results are publicly accessible at http://model-compare.emdatabank.org.
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Abstract
In this review, we describe how the interplay among science, technology and community interests contributed to the evolution of four structural biology data resources. We present the method by which data deposited by scientists are prepared for worldwide distribution, and argue that data archiving in a trusted repository must be an integral part of any scientific investigation.
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Gore S, Sanz García E, Hendrickx PMS, Gutmanas A, Westbrook JD, Yang H, Feng Z, Baskaran K, Berrisford JM, Hudson BP, Ikegawa Y, Kobayashi N, Lawson CL, Mading S, Mak L, Mukhopadhyay A, Oldfield TJ, Patwardhan A, Peisach E, Sahni G, Sekharan MR, Sen S, Shao C, Smart OS, Ulrich EL, Yamashita R, Quesada M, Young JY, Nakamura H, Markley JL, Berman HM, Burley SK, Velankar S, Kleywegt GJ. Validation of Structures in the Protein Data Bank. Structure 2017; 25:1916-1927. [PMID: 29174494 PMCID: PMC5718880 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The Worldwide PDB recently launched a deposition, biocuration, and validation tool: OneDep. At various stages of OneDep data processing, validation reports for three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules are produced. These reports are based on recommendations of expert task forces representing crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cryoelectron microscopy communities. The reports provide useful metrics with which depositors can evaluate the quality of the experimental data, the structural model, and the fit between them. The validation module is also available as a stand-alone web server and as a programmatically accessible web service. A growing number of journals require the official wwPDB validation reports (produced at biocuration) to accompany manuscripts describing macromolecular structures. Upon public release of the structure, the validation report becomes part of the public PDB archive. Geometric quality scores for proteins in the PDB archive have improved over the past decade.
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Patwardhan A, Brandt R, Butcher SJ, Collinson L, Gault D, Grünewald K, Hecksel C, Huiskonen JT, Iudin A, Jones ML, Korir PK, Koster AJ, Lagerstedt I, Lawson CL, Mastronarde D, McCormick M, Parkinson H, Rosenthal PB, Saalfeld S, Saibil HR, Sarntivijai S, Solanes Valero I, Subramaniam S, Swedlow JR, Tudose I, Winn M, Kleywegt GJ. Building bridges between cellular and molecular structural biology. eLife 2017; 6:e25835. [PMID: 28682240 PMCID: PMC5524535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of cellular and molecular structural data is key to understanding the function of macromolecular assemblies and complexes in their in vivo context. Here we report on the outcomes of a workshop that discussed how to integrate structural data from a range of public archives. The workshop identified two main priorities: the development of tools and file formats to support segmentation (that is, the decomposition of a three-dimensional volume into regions that can be associated with defined objects), and the development of tools to support the annotation of biological structures.
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Young JY, Westbrook JD, Feng Z, Sala R, Peisach E, Oldfield TJ, Sen S, Gutmanas A, Armstrong DR, Berrisford JM, Chen L, Chen M, Di Costanzo L, Dimitropoulos D, Gao G, Ghosh S, Gore S, Guranovic V, Hendrickx PMS, Hudson BP, Igarashi R, Ikegawa Y, Kobayashi N, Lawson CL, Liang Y, Mading S, Mak L, Mir MS, Mukhopadhyay A, Patwardhan A, Persikova I, Rinaldi L, Sanz-Garcia E, Sekharan MR, Shao C, Swaminathan GJ, Tan L, Ulrich EL, van Ginkel G, Yamashita R, Yang H, Zhuravleva MA, Quesada M, Kleywegt GJ, Berman HM, Markley JL, Nakamura H, Velankar S, Burley SK. OneDep: Unified wwPDB System for Deposition, Biocuration, and Validation of Macromolecular Structures in the PDB Archive. Structure 2017; 25:536-545. [PMID: 28190782 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OneDep, a unified system for deposition, biocuration, and validation of experimentally determined structures of biological macromolecules to the PDB archive, has been developed as a global collaboration by the worldwide PDB (wwPDB) partners. This new system was designed to ensure that the wwPDB could meet the evolving archiving requirements of the scientific community over the coming decades. OneDep unifies deposition, biocuration, and validation pipelines across all wwPDB, EMDB, and BMRB deposition sites with improved focus on data quality and completeness in these archives, while supporting growth in the number of depositions and increases in their average size and complexity. In this paper, we describe the design, functional operation, and supporting infrastructure of the OneDep system, and provide initial performance assessments.
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Abstract
CryoEM in structural biology is currently served by three public archives-EMDB for 3DEM reconstructions, PDB for models built from 3DEM reconstructions, and EMPIAR for the raw 2D image data used to obtain the 3DEM reconstructions. These archives play a vital role for both the structural community and the wider biological community in making the data accessible so that results may be reused, reassessed, and integrated with other structural and bioinformatics resources. The important role of the archives is underpinned by the fact that many journals mandate the deposition of data to PDB and EMDB on publication. The field is currently undergoing transformative changes where on the one hand high-resolution structures are becoming a routine occurrence while on the other hand electron tomography is enabling the study of macromolecules in the cellular context. Concomitantly the archives are evolving to best serve their stakeholder communities. In this chapter, we describe the current state of the archives, resources available for depositing, accessing, searching, visualizing and validating data, on-going community-wide initiatives and opportunities, and challenges for the future.
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Lawson CL, Patwardhan A, Baker ML, Hryc C, Garcia ES, Hudson BP, Lagerstedt I, Ludtke SJ, Pintilie G, Sala R, Westbrook JD, Berman HM, Kleywegt GJ, Chiu W. EMDataBank unified data resource for 3DEM. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D396-403. [PMID: 26578576 PMCID: PMC4702818 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional Electron Microscopy (3DEM) has become a key experimental method in structural biology for a broad spectrum of biological specimens from molecules to cells. The EMDataBank project provides a unified portal for deposition, retrieval and analysis of 3DEM density maps, atomic models and associated metadata (emdatabank.org). We provide here an overview of the rapidly growing 3DEM structural data archives, which include maps in EM Data Bank and map-derived models in the Protein Data Bank. In addition, we describe progress and approaches toward development of validation protocols and methods, working with the scientific community, in order to create a validation pipeline for 3DEM data.
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Sali A, Berman HM, Schwede T, Trewhella J, Kleywegt G, Burley SK, Markley J, Nakamura H, Adams P, Bonvin AMJJ, Chiu W, Peraro MD, Di Maio F, Ferrin TE, Grünewald K, Gutmanas A, Henderson R, Hummer G, Iwasaki K, Johnson G, Lawson CL, Meiler J, Marti-Renom MA, Montelione GT, Nilges M, Nussinov R, Patwardhan A, Rappsilber J, Read RJ, Saibil H, Schröder GF, Schwieters CD, Seidel CAM, Svergun D, Topf M, Ulrich EL, Velankar S, Westbrook JD. Outcome of the First wwPDB Hybrid/Integrative Methods Task Force Workshop. Structure 2015; 23:1156-67. [PMID: 26095030 PMCID: PMC4933300 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Structures of biomolecular systems are increasingly computed by integrative modeling that relies on varied types of experimental data and theoretical information. We describe here the proceedings and conclusions from the first wwPDB Hybrid/Integrative Methods Task Force Workshop held at the European Bioinformatics Institute in Hinxton, UK, on October 6 and 7, 2014. At the workshop, experts in various experimental fields of structural biology, experts in integrative modeling and visualization, and experts in data archiving addressed a series of questions central to the future of structural biology. How should integrative models be represented? How should the data and integrative models be validated? What data should be archived? How should the data and models be archived? What information should accompany the publication of integrative models?
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Patwardhan A, Ashton A, Brandt R, Butcher S, Carzaniga R, Chiu W, Collinson L, Doux P, Duke E, Ellisman MH, Franken E, Grünewald K, Heriche JK, Koster A, Kühlbrandt W, Lagerstedt I, Larabell C, Lawson CL, Saibil HR, Sanz-García E, Subramaniam S, Verkade P, Swedlow JR, Kleywegt GJ. A 3D cellular context for the macromolecular world. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:841-5. [PMID: 25289590 PMCID: PMC4346196 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the outcomes of the discussion initiated at the workshop entitled A 3D Cellular Context for the Macromolecular World and propose how data from emerging three-dimensional (3D) cellular imaging techniques—such as electron tomography, 3D scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray tomography—should be archived, curated, validated and disseminated, to enable their interpretation and reuse by the biomedical community.
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Rao RR, Lawson CL. Structure of catabolite activator protein with cobalt(II) and sulfate. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:560-3. [PMID: 24817710 PMCID: PMC4014319 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of cyclic AMP-catabolite activator protein (CAP) from Escherichia coli containing cobalt(II) chloride and ammonium sulfate is reported at 1.97 Å resolution. Each of the two CAP subunits in the asymmetric unit binds one cobalt(II) ion, in each case coordinated by N-terminal domain residues His19, His21 and Glu96 plus an additional acidic residue contributed via a crystal contact. The three identified N-terminal domain cobalt-binding residues are part of a region of CAP that is important for transcription activation at class II CAP-dependent promoters. Sulfate anions mediate additional crystal lattice contacts and occupy sites corresponding to DNA backbone phosphate positions in CAP-DNA complex structures.
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Berman HM, Coimbatore Narayanan B, Di Costanzo L, Dutta S, Ghosh S, Hudson BP, Lawson CL, Peisach E, Prlić A, Rose PW, Shao C, Yang H, Young J, Zardecki C. Trendspotting in the Protein Data Bank. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1036-45. [PMID: 23337870 PMCID: PMC4068610 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) was established in 1971 as a repository for the three dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. Since then, more than 85000 biological macromolecule structures have been determined and made available in the PDB archive. Through analysis of the corpus of data, it is possible to identify trends that can be used to inform us abou the future of structural biology and to plan the best ways to improve the management of the ever-growing amount of PDB data.
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Patwardhan A, Carazo JM, Carragher B, Henderson R, Heymann JB, Hill E, Jensen GJ, Lagerstedt I, Lawson CL, Ludtke SJ, Mastronarde D, Moore WJ, Roseman A, Rosenthal P, Sorzano COS, Sanz-García E, Scheres SHW, Subramaniam S, Westbrook J, Winn M, Swedlow JR, Kleywegt GJ. Data management challenges in three-dimensional EM. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:1203-7. [PMID: 23211764 PMCID: PMC4048199 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the outcomes of the Data Management Challenges in 3D Electron Microscopy workshop. Key topics discussed include data models, validation and raw-data archiving. The meeting participants agreed that the EMDataBank should take the lead in addressing these issues, and concrete action points were agreed upon that will have a substantial impact on the accessibility of three-dimensional EM data in biology and medicine.
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Henderson R, Sali A, Baker ML, Carragher B, Devkota B, Downing KH, Egelman EH, Feng Z, Frank J, Grigorieff N, Jiang W, Ludtke SJ, Medalia O, Penczek PA, Rosenthal PB, Rossmann MG, Schmid MF, Schröder GF, Steven AC, Stokes DL, Westbrook JD, Wriggers W, Yang H, Young J, Berman HM, Chiu W, Kleywegt GJ, Lawson CL. Outcome of the first electron microscopy validation task force meeting. Structure 2012; 20:205-14. [PMID: 22325770 PMCID: PMC3328769 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This Meeting Review describes the proceedings and conclusions from the inaugural meeting of the Electron Microscopy Validation Task Force organized by the Unified Data Resource for 3DEM (http://www.emdatabank.org) and held at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, NJ on September 28 and 29, 2010. At the workshop, a group of scientists involved in collecting electron microscopy data, using the data to determine three-dimensional electron microscopy (3DEM) density maps, and building molecular models into the maps explored how to assess maps, models, and other data that are deposited into the Electron Microscopy Data Bank and Protein Data Bank public data archives. The specific recommendations resulting from the workshop aim to increase the impact of 3DEM in biology and medicine.
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Carey J, Benoff B, Harish B, Yuan L, Lawson CL. Environment-dependent long-range structural distortion in a temperature-sensitive point mutant. Protein Sci 2012; 21:63-74. [PMID: 22057811 PMCID: PMC3323781 DOI: 10.1002/pro.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive environment-dependent rearrangement of the helix-turn-helix DNA recognition region and adjacent L-tryptophan binding pocket is reported in the crystal structure of dimeric E. coli trp aporepressor with point mutation Leu75Phe. In one of two subunits, the eight residues immediately C-terminal to the mutation are shifted forward in helical register by three positions, and the five following residues form an extrahelical loop accommodating the register shift. In contrast, the second subunit has wildtype-like conformation, as do both subunits in an isomorphous wildtype control structure. Treated together as an ensemble pair, the distorted and wildtype-like conformations of the mutant apoprotein agree more fully than either conformation alone with previously reported NOE measurements, and account more completely for its diverse biochemical and biophysical properties. The register-shifted segment Ile79-Ala80-Thr81-Ile82-Thr83 is helical in both conformations despite low helical propensity, suggesting an important structural role for the steric constraints imposed by β-branched residues in helical conformation.
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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction methods are uniquely able to reveal structures of many important macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. EMDataBank.org, a joint effort of the Protein Databank in Europe (PDBe), the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), and the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging (NCMI), is a "one-stop shop" resource for global deposition and retrieval of cryo-EM map, model, and associated metadata. The resource unifies public access to the two major EM Structural Data archives: EM Data Bank (EMDB) and Protein Data Bank (PDB), and facilitates use of EM structural data of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes by the wider scientific community.
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Lawson CL, Baker ML, Best C, Bi C, Dougherty M, Feng P, van Ginkel G, Devkota B, Lagerstedt I, Ludtke SJ, Newman RH, Oldfield TJ, Rees I, Sahni G, Sala R, Velankar S, Warren J, Westbrook JD, Henrick K, Kleywegt GJ, Berman HM, Chiu W. EMDataBank.org: unified data resource for CryoEM. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:D456-64. [PMID: 20935055 PMCID: PMC3013769 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction methods are uniquely able to reveal structures of many important macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. EMDataBank.org, a joint effort of the Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe), the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) and the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging (NCMI), is a global ‘one-stop shop’ resource for deposition and retrieval of cryoEM maps, models and associated metadata. The resource unifies public access to the two major archives containing EM-based structural data: EM Data Bank (EMDB) and Protein Data Bank (PDB), and facilitates use of EM structural data of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes by the wider scientific community.
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Lara-González S, Birktoft JJ, Lawson CL. Structure of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2010; 66:806-12. [PMID: 20606261 PMCID: PMC2897699 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444910018470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The alpha subunit C-terminal domain (alphaCTD) of RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a key element in transcription activation in Escherichia coli, possessing determinants responsible for the interaction of RNAP with DNA and with transcription factors. Here, the crystal structure of E. coli alphaCTD (alpha subunit residues 245-329) determined to 2.0 A resolution is reported. Crystals were obtained after reductive methylation of the recombinantly expressed domain. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1) and possessed both pseudo-translational symmetry and pseudo-merohedral twinning. The refined coordinate model (R factor = 0.193, R(free) = 0.236) has improved geometry compared with prior lower resolution determinations of the alphaCTD structure [Jeon et al. (1995), Science, 270, 1495-1497; Benoff et al. (2002), Science, 297, 1562-1566]. An extensive dimerization interface formed primarily by N- and C-terminal residues is also observed. The new coordinates will facilitate the improved modeling of alphaCTD-containing multi-component complexes visualized at lower resolution using X-ray crystallography and electron-microscopy reconstruction.
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Lawson CL, Dutta S, Westbrook JD, Henrick K, Berman HM. Representation of viruses in the remediated PDB archive. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2008; D64:874-82. [PMID: 18645236 PMCID: PMC2677383 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444908017393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new scheme has been devised to represent viruses and other biological assemblies with regular noncrystallographic symmetry in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The scheme describes existing and anticipated PDB entries of this type using generalized descriptions of deposited and experimental coordinate frames, symmetry and frame transformations. A simplified notation has been adopted to express the symmetry generation of assemblies from deposited coordinates and matrix operations describing the required point, helical or crystallographic symmetry. Complete correct information for building full assemblies, subassemblies and crystal asymmetric units of all virus entries is now available in the remediated PDB archive.
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Henrick K, Feng Z, Bluhm WF, Dimitropoulos D, Doreleijers JF, Dutta S, Flippen-Anderson JL, Ionides J, Kamada C, Krissinel E, Lawson CL, Markley JL, Nakamura H, Newman R, Shimizu Y, Swaminathan J, Velankar S, Ory J, Ulrich EL, Vranken W, Westbrook J, Yamashita R, Yang H, Young J, Yousufuddin M, Berman HM. Remediation of the protein data bank archive. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:D426-33. [PMID: 18073189 PMCID: PMC2238854 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB; wwpdb.org) is the international collaboration that manages the deposition, processing and distribution of the PDB archive. The online PDB archive at ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org is the repository for the coordinates and related information for more than 47 000 structures, including proteins, nucleic acids and large macromolecular complexes that have been determined using X-ray crystallography, NMR and electron microscopy techniques. The members of the wwPDB-RCSB PDB (USA), MSD-EBI (Europe), PDBj (Japan) and BMRB (USA)-have remediated this archive to address inconsistencies that have been introduced over the years. The scope and methods used in this project are presented.
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Lawson CL, Yung BH, Barbour AG, Zückert WR. Crystal structure of neurotropism-associated variable surface protein 1 (Vsp1) of Borrelia turicatae. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:4522-30. [PMID: 16740958 PMCID: PMC1482977 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00028-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vsp surface lipoproteins are serotype-defining antigens of relapsing fever spirochetes that undergo multiphasic antigenic variation to allow bacterial persistence in spite of an immune response. Two isogenic serotypes of Borrelia turicatae strain Oz1 differ in their Vsp sequences and in disease manifestations in infected mice: Vsp1 is associated with the selection of a neurological niche, while Vsp2 is associated with blood and skin infection. We report here crystal structures of the Vsp1 dimer at 2.7 and 2.2 A. The structures confirm that relapsing fever Vsp proteins share a common helical fold with OspCs of Lyme disease-causing Borrelia. The fold features an inner stem formed by highly conserved N and C termini and an outer "dome" formed by the variable central residues. Both Vsp1 and OspC structures possess small water-filled cavities, or pockets, that are lined largely by variable residues and are thus highly variable in shape. These features appear to signify tolerance of the Vsp-OspC fold for imperfect packing of residues at its antigenic surface. Structural comparison of Vsp1 with a homology model for Vsp2 suggests that observed differences in disease manifestation may arise in part from distinct differences in electrostatic surface properties; additional predicted positively charged surface patches on Vsp2 compared to Vsp1 may be sufficient to explain the relative propensity of Vsp2 to bind to acidic glycosaminoglycans.
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Cadavid D, Sondey M, Garcia E, Lawson CL. Residual brain infection in relapsing-fever borreliosis. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1451-8. [PMID: 16619194 DOI: 10.1086/503367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological involvement is common in the spirochetal infection relapsing fever (RF) in both humans and experimental animals. RF is best known for antigenic variation caused by the sequential expression of variable outer membrane lipoproteins of 2 sizes, variable small (Vsp) and variable large (Vlp) proteins. Less understood is the persistence of RF borreliae in the brain after they are cleared from the blood, referred to as residual brain infection (RBI). Our goal was to investigate the phenomenon of RBI in RF. METHODS We studied RBI in immunocompetent mice by culturing blood and perfused brain samples 1 month after intraperitoneal inoculation with Borrelia turicatae serotype 1 (Bt1). Mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2-/-) or in B and T cells (scid) were included for comparison. RESULTS All scid mice had persistent infection in blood and brain. RBI was found in 3 (19%) of 16 immunocompetent and TLR2-/- mice. RBI was caused by either persistence of the original serotype (Bt1) or newly emerged Vsp (n=1, renamed Bt3) or Vlp serotypes. The Vsp of Bt1 (Vsp1) and Bt3 (Vsp3) were 75% identical. CONCLUSIONS RBI in RF is relatively frequent and can occur by persistence of the original or newly emerged serotypes.
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