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Yates AJ, Walters JD, Wood CL, Johnson JD. Ganglioside modulation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in vitro. J Neurochem 1989; 53:162-7. [PMID: 2723653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) catalytic subunit phosphorylated 180-, 49-, 31-, 19-, and 14-kilodalton (kDa) proteins of rabbit sciatic nerve membranes. The ability of cAK to phosphorylate these membrane substrate proteins was inhibited by gangliosides GM1, GD1a, and GT1b with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (I50) = 7-25 microM. Neutral glycolipids and lysophosphatidylcholine were much less effective. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) kinase phosphorylation of histone IIA was inhibited by GM1, GD1a, and GT1b (I50 = 115 microM, 75 microM, and 75 microM, respectively). Inhibition by GM1 was competitive with respect to histone (Ki = 108 microM). Autophosphorylation of cAMP kinase was inhibited by GM1 (I50 = 15 microM). GT1b, GD1a, and GM1 half-maximally stimulated calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase at 0.1 microM, 0.2 microM, and 0.3 microM, respectively. Although GT1b stimulated phosphodiesterase by increasing Vmax and decreasing Km (similar to calmodulin), GD1a and GM1 produced only an increase in Vmax. These results suggest that ganglioside can modulate the activity of cAMP kinase by both direct inhibition of the enzyme and indirect reduction of cAMP levels through activation of phosphodiesterase. Through these mechanisms, gangliosides may alter cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and cell function within the nervous system.
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O'Dorisio MS, O'Dorisio TM, Wood CL, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS, Campolito LB. Characterization of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors in nervous and immune systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 527:257-81. [PMID: 2839080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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McArthur KE, Wood CL, O'Dorisio MS, Zhou ZC, Gardner JD, Jensen RT. Characterization of receptors for VIP on pancreatic acinar cell plasma membranes using covalent cross-linking. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 252:G404-12. [PMID: 2435170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.3.g404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors on guinea pig pancreatic acini differ from those on all other tissues in containing a high-affinity VIP receptor and a low-affinity VIP receptor that has a high affinity for secretin. To characterize the molecular components of these receptors, 125I-VIP was covalently cross-linked to these receptors by four different cross-linking agents: disuccinimidyl suberate, ethylene glycol bis (succinimidyl succinate), dithiobis (succinimidylpropionate), and m-maleimidobenzoyl N-hydroxysuccinimide ester. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single major polypeptide band of Mr 45,000 and a minor polypeptide band of Mr 30,000 were cross-linked to 125I-VIP. Covalent cross-linking only occurred when a cross-linking agent was added, was inhibited by GTP, was inhibited by VIP receptor agonists or antagonists that interact with VIP receptors, and not by other pancreatic secretagogues that interact with different receptors. For inhibiting both cross-linking and binding of 125I-VIP to the major polypeptide Mr 45,000 and the minor polypeptide Mr 30,000 components, the relative potencies were VIP greater than helodermin greater than rat growth hormone releasing factor greater than peptide histidine isoleucine greater than secretin. The apparent molecular weight of the cross-linked polypeptides were unchanged by dithiothreitol. Thus the high-affinity VIP receptor on pancreatic acinar cell membranes consists of a single major polypeptide of Mr 45,000, and this polypeptide is not a subunit of a larger disulfide-linked structure. Furthermore, either the low-affinity VIP/secretin-preferring receptor was not covalently cross-linked under the experimental conditions or it consists of a major polypeptide with the same molecular weight as the high-affinity VIP receptor.
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Coralli CH, Raisz LG, Wood CL. Osteoporosis: significance, risk factors and treatment. Nurse Pract 1986; 11:16-20, 25-7, 30 passim. [PMID: 3763061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious metabolic bone disorder that results in fractures of the wrist, hip and vertebrae. These fractures frequently occur with little or no trauma. Osteoporosis is seen more frequently in women than men. While the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is incompletely understood at this time, certain risk factors are emerging as important. Among the more important of these are family history, low calcium intake, early menopause and sedentary lifestyle. Other suggested risk factors include high intakes of protein, alcohol and caffeine; low body weight; exercise-induced amenorrhea; and cigarette smoking. No single therapy or combination of therapies for osteoporosis has proven to be uniformly successful. Indeed, once fractures occur, full restoration of the skeleton may not be possible. Currently, calcium, exercise and estrogen form the treatment for osteoporosis. When these conservative measures are ineffective or inadequate, treatment with fluoride, calcitonin, vitamin D or anabolic steroids may be attempted. Research to clearly identify and quantify risk factors and find an effective treatment for osteoporosis continues.
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Wood CL, O'Dorisio MS, Vassalo LM, Malarkey WB, O'Dorisio TM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide effects on GH3 pituitary tumor cells: high affinity binding, affinity labeling, and adenylate cyclase stimulation. Comparison with peptide histidine isoleucine and growth hormone-releasing factor. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1985; 12:237-48. [PMID: 3001842 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(85)90065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor was characterized on the GH3 rat pituitary tumor cell line using competitive binding studies with peptides having sequence homology with VIP. Further studies investigated receptor coupling to the adenylate cyclase complex by measurement of cAMP levels. Finally, the molecular weight of the receptor was estimated by affinity labeling techniques. Studies using 125I-VIP and unlabeled competing peptides revealed a single class of high affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant (KD) of 17 +/- 2 nM (mean +/- S.E.M.) for VIP, 275 +/- 46 nM for peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), and 1380 +/- 800 nM for human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF). VIP and PHI each stimulated intracellular cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner; both peptides demonstrated synergism with forskolin. In contrast, GHRF neither stimulated accumulation of cAMP nor demonstrated synergism with forskolin. VIP plus PHI (1 microM each) caused no significant increase in cAMP over either VIP or PHI alone, implying that the two peptides act through the same receptor. Covalent crosslinking of 125I-VIP to its binding site using either disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) or ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) was followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. The result is consistent with an Mr 47 000 VIP-binding subunit comprising or being associated with the VIP receptor of GH3 pituitary tumor cells.
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O'Dorisio MS, Wood CL, O'Dorisio TM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide modulation of the immune response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.135.2.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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O'Dorisio MS, Wood CL, O'Dorisio TM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide modulation of the immune response. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1985; 135:792s-796s. [PMID: 2861233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is rapidly accumulating to support the existence of a neuroimmune axis. However, the precise role of individual neurotransmitters in regulating immune function remains to be elucidated. In this review we focus on the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in modulation of lymphocyte function. We examine its status as a neurotransmitter, including evidence for neuronal and possible extraneuronal sites of synthesis. Further, we present data to demonstrate the presence of VIP receptors in human lymphocytes and, using the Molt 4b lymphoblastic cell line as a model, show VIP-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase leading to cAMP-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of a specific Molt protein. Finally, we discuss the functional significance of VIP receptors on lymphocytes and present a model of neuropeptide-induced inflammation with possible therapeutic applications of this exciting new field of neuroimmunology.
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O'Dorisio MS, Wood CL, Wenger GD, Vassalo LM. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in Molt 4b lymphoblasts: identification by photoaffinity labeling and activation in intact cells by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1985; 134:4078-86. [PMID: 2985703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molt 4b lymphoblasts have previously been shown to possess a single class of pharmacologically specific, high affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). This study further explores the molecular basis for modulation of human lymphocyte function by VIP. Dose-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase was observed in Molt lymphoblasts over the range of 0.1 nM to 1 microM VIP. VIP-mediated by guanine nucleotide. Accumulation of intracellular cAMP was observed in the presence of either VIP or the diterpene, forskolin. The effects of these two agonists were synergistic. Two neuropeptides that share sequence homology with VIP were also studied; both peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (1-44 GHRF) competed for 125I-VIP binding to Molt cells. PHI stimulated intracellular cAMP accumulation and demonstrated synergism with forskolin, whereas GHRF had no effect on cAMP. Photoaffinity labeling of 100,000 X G soluble proteins with 8-N3-[32P]cAMP followed by SDS gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinases I and II. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase II predominated in the soluble fraction and was the only isozyme observed in particulate fractions. Protein phosphorylation was studied in Molt 4b cells preincubated with [32P]PO43- followed by addition of media alone, 1 microM peptide, or 10 microM forskolin. Cells were lysed and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Increased phosphorylation of a specific 41,000 Mr protein was observed after addition of forskolin, VIP, or PHI. A much lower concentration of VIP (1 nM) also caused a significant net increase in phosphorylation, which was of a lower magnitude. In contrast, no net effect on protein phosphorylation was seen with GHRF. These data demonstrate the presence of a functional VIP receptor that is linked to the G protein-adenylate cyclase complex. The demonstration of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of VIP- and PHI-mediated protein phosphorylation in Molt 4b lymphoblasts provides evidence on a molecular level for neuropeptide modulation of human lymphocyte function.
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O'Dorisio MS, Wood CL, Wenger GD, Vassalo LM. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in Molt 4b lymphoblasts: identification by photoaffinity labeling and activation in intact cells by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1985. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.4078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Molt 4b lymphoblasts have previously been shown to possess a single class of pharmacologically specific, high affinity receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). This study further explores the molecular basis for modulation of human lymphocyte function by VIP. Dose-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase was observed in Molt lymphoblasts over the range of 0.1 nM to 1 microM VIP. VIP-mediated by guanine nucleotide. Accumulation of intracellular cAMP was observed in the presence of either VIP or the diterpene, forskolin. The effects of these two agonists were synergistic. Two neuropeptides that share sequence homology with VIP were also studied; both peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (1-44 GHRF) competed for 125I-VIP binding to Molt cells. PHI stimulated intracellular cAMP accumulation and demonstrated synergism with forskolin, whereas GHRF had no effect on cAMP. Photoaffinity labeling of 100,000 X G soluble proteins with 8-N3-[32P]cAMP followed by SDS gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of cAMP-dependent protein kinases I and II. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase II predominated in the soluble fraction and was the only isozyme observed in particulate fractions. Protein phosphorylation was studied in Molt 4b cells preincubated with [32P]PO43- followed by addition of media alone, 1 microM peptide, or 10 microM forskolin. Cells were lysed and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Increased phosphorylation of a specific 41,000 Mr protein was observed after addition of forskolin, VIP, or PHI. A much lower concentration of VIP (1 nM) also caused a significant net increase in phosphorylation, which was of a lower magnitude. In contrast, no net effect on protein phosphorylation was seen with GHRF. These data demonstrate the presence of a functional VIP receptor that is linked to the G protein-adenylate cyclase complex. The demonstration of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of VIP- and PHI-mediated protein phosphorylation in Molt 4b lymphoblasts provides evidence on a molecular level for neuropeptide modulation of human lymphocyte function.
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Mason JM, Osborne PT, Hall AJ, Skolnik JS, Woods LL, Wood CL, Pierce SR, Beck ML. Example of a thimerosal-dependent antibody without apparent blood group specificity. Vox Sang 1985; 48:313-6. [PMID: 3992969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1985.tb00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A third example of a thimerosal-dependent hemagglutinin is reported. The IgG antibody reacted by antiglobulin or ficin techniques with all cells incubated in the presence of thimerosal, including iadult cells and two examples of the Rhnull phenotype. Agglutination was inhibited by excess thimerosal (5 g/dl).
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Wood CL, Whang R. Oral anticoagulant-induced femoral nerve entrapment. THE JOURNAL OF THE OKLAHOMA STATE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1985; 78:135-8. [PMID: 4009311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jones HM, Wood CL, Rush ME. A role for inhibin in the control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in male rats. Life Sci 1985; 36:889-99. [PMID: 3919236 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationship of testosterone (T) and porcine follicular fluid (pFF) in the negative feedback control of FSH and LH secretion in adult male rats. Either at the time of castration (acute) or at least 30 days after castration (chronic), we implanted T-filled Silastic capsules, which were 2 mm, 10 mm, or 30 mm long; empty capsules (30 mm) served as controls. Seven days later, we injected either 0.15 ml of pFF or saline (i.v.), decapitated the rats 6 hours later, and collected trunk blood for subsequent serum analysis of FSH, LH, and T by RIA. In the acute groups, T implants suppressed the postcastration rises in plasma FSH and LH levels in a dose-dependent manner, with only the largest implant, 30 mm, able to return them to intact levels. PFF injection significantly suppressed FSH levels in intact and acute rats but had no effect on serum LH. In chronic rats, T therapy for 7 days suppressed plasma LH levels in a dose-dependent relationship, yet did not do so to plasma FSH levels. FSH levels were significantly higher in rats with the 30 mm T implants than in intact rats, but were significantly suppressed as compared to chronic controls. PFF significantly suppressed serum FSH levels in all chronic groups with the chronic controls showing the greatest amount of suppression. We conclude that the role for inhibin in the normal control of FSH secretion is that of a secondary modulator which is superimposed on, yet independent of, the steroid feedback mechanism. At any given moment this modulation is dependent upon the secretory activity of the FSH gonadotrope.
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Wood CL, O'Dorisio MS. Covalent cross-linking of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to its receptors on intact human lymphoblasts. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:1243-7. [PMID: 2981838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
125I-labeled vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (125I-VIP) was covalently cross-linked with its binding sites on intact cultured human lymphoblasts by each of three bifunctional reagents: disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS), and N-succinimidyl 6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino) hexanoate (SANAH). A fourth cross-linking agent with a shorter chain length, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate (HSAB), was much less effective in cross-linking 125I-VIP to the site. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated a band of Mr approximately equal to 50,000 +/- 3,000, regardless of which cross-linker was used. The labeling of this band was specific in that it was prevented by 10(-6) M unlabeled VIP and was partially blocked by the homologous hormones secretin and glucagon. The relative potencies of these peptides in blocking the cross-linking of 125I-VIP to the Mr approximately equal to 50,000 band of the lymphoblasts (VIP greater than secretin greater than or equal to glucagon) were similar to those previously found for competitive inhibition of 125I-VIP binding to its putative high-affinity receptor on these cells. The covalent cross-linking required a bifunctional reagent; it was dependent on both the number of Molt cells and the concentration of 125I-VIP. The apparent molecular weight of the cross-linked species was unchanged by treatment with dithiothreitol. These observations suggest that the Mr = 50,000 species represents 125I-VIP cross-linked to a specific plasma membrane receptor and that the receptor does not contain interchain disulfide bonds.
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Hoffman DR, Wood CL. Allergens in Hymenoptera venom XI. Isolation of protein allergens from Vespula maculifrons (yellow jacket) venom. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984; 74:93-103. [PMID: 6736487 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pure Vespula maculifrons venom was demonstrated to contain five major allergenic proteins, which were all isolated from commercial venom sac extract. The five proteins: Vmacl, MW 97,000; hyaluronidase, MW 46,000; Vmac3, MW 39,000; phospholipase A and B, MW 34,000; and antigen 5, MW 22,000 were all demonstrated to be biochemically and immunologically distinct. All five proteins had significant allergenic activity, with phospholipase and hyaluronidase demonstrating the most IgE binding with 39 sera from allergic patients. Sera from honeybee-reactive patients, who had weak cross-reactions with yellow jacket venom, demonstrated strong IgE binding to purified V. maculifrons hyaluronidase and Vmacl. Dose-dependent inhibition of RAST was observed by use of honeybee hyaluronidase and high-molecular-weight fraction to inhibit the binding to the corresponding yellow jacket allergen.
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Wood CL, Timmons BE, Hoffman DR. Allergens in hymenoptera venoms. X. Vespid venoms versus venom sac extracts: comparison by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ANNALS OF ALLERGY 1983; 51:441-5. [PMID: 6625227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vespid venoms were compared to venom sac extracts by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second. The gels were stained with silver. Fresh venoms from four species, Vespula maculifrons, Polistes fuscatus fuscatus, P. metricus and P. exclamans, were compared with commercially available venom sac extracts from the same species. In each case the venom sac extract contained all of the proteins detected in the fresh venom plus numerous additional proteins which are probably sac components. Yellow jacket and bee (Apis mellifera) proteins were extracted from the gels and tested for IgE binding activity using pooled sera from RAST-positive individuals. Significant IgE binding activity was found for the five known bee allergens and for the major yellow jacket venom proteins. Fresh pure vespid venoms contain a relatively small number of major protein subunits. Venom sac extracts contain the same components plus many other proteins not found in the pure venoms.
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Hoffman DR, Wood CL, Hudson P. Demonstration of IgE and IgG antibodies against venoms in the blood of victims of fatal sting anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983; 71:193-6. [PMID: 6822695 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(83)90099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nine people died from insect sting anaphylaxis in North Carolina from 1979 to 1981. Postmortem blood specimens from eight of these subjects were analyzed for IgE and IgG antibodies against venoms. All eight were RAST positive to at least one of the venoms. IgE and IgG anti-venom levels were comparable to those of a group of untreated sting-allergic individuals. RAST to venoms was also performed on several control groups of sera and from 3% to 50% positive RAST results were found. The highest incidence was in rural North Carolina outdoor workers. The incidence of positive RAST results in the sting-death group was significantly different from that in the control groups. This is the first demonstration of IgE antibodies against venoms in the sera of victims of fatal anaphylaxis from stings and adds further evidence for the role of IgE in sting anaphylaxis.
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Wood CL, Hoffman DR. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hymenoptera venom and venom sac extracts. Toxicon 1983; 21:291-9. [PMID: 6857712 DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(83)90014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hymenoptera venom and venom sac extracts were studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and sodium sulfate electrophoresis in the second dimension. Pure Apis mellifera (honeybee) venom collected by electrical stimulation was resolved into five major and more than 20 minor components. Polistes (paper wasp), Vespula (yellow jacket), Dolichovespula (aerial hornet) and Vespa (old world hornet) venom sac extracts contained more than 40 components each. These results illustrate the complexity of the mixtures in current use for immunotherapy for stinging insect hypersensitivity. The degrees of similarity observed between the various aspects of Polistes and Vespula studied correlate with the phylogenetic classification of these species.
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Wood CL, Blum JJ. Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on glycogen metabolism in rat hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 242:E262-72. [PMID: 6801998 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1982.242.4.e262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on several enzymes of glycogen metabolism in rat hepatocytes were compared with those of glucagon and of vasopressin (ADH). VIP caused phosphorylase activation and glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed rats. In hepatocytes from fasted rats incubated with glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, VIP inhibited net glycogen deposition, inactivated glycogen synthase, and activated phosphorylase. VIP was about 100-fold less potent than glucagon and 1,000-fold less potent than ADH in causing activation of phosphorylase. The ability of VIP to activate phosphorylase was not altered by chelation of the calcium in the medium. The half maximal effective doses of VIP for both phosphorylase activation and stimulation of glycogenolysis were 10-30 nM. Treatment with VIP, ADH, or glucagon did not decrease phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Each of these hormones, however, lengthened the lag time before synthase phosphatase activity was expressed in vitro. Other gut hormones tested did not affect hepatocyte glycogen metabolism. These results do not support the concept of physiologic control of hepatic glycogen metabolism by VIP or by other gut hormones.
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Wood CL, Babcock CJ, Blum JJ. Effects of vasopressin on fructose and glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes from fed and fasted rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 1981; 212:43-53. [PMID: 6796005 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(81)90341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Wood CL, Babcock CJ, Blum JJ. Effects of vasopressin on carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes from dehydrated rats. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1981; 167:129-36. [PMID: 7232406 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-167-41137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Rowe-Murphy DL, van Tienhoven A, Scott NR, Hillman PE, Wood CL, Johnson AL, Schwark WS. Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine and pimozide on temperature maintenance by the chicken. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1980; 239:R296-302. [PMID: 7435601 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1980.239.3.r296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intraventricular implants of pimozide in adult white leghorn hens were used to block dopamine (DA) receptors, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected intraventricularly to destroy the noradrenergic system locally. The hens were exposed to ambient temperatures of 5 and 35 degrees C, and their core temperature was measured. One hundred micrograms of 6-OHDA significantly reduced the norepinephrine (NE) but not the DA content of the hypothalamus and reduced the uptake of [3H]NE but not of [3H]DA by synaptosomes in vitro. Neither of the drug treatments nor their combination affected average core body temperature (Tb) at either 5 or 35 degrees C. Pimozide treatment caused a lower maximum Tb at 35 degrees C and a higher maximum Tb at 5 degrees C than the control treatment. No evidence was obtained that 6-OHDA treatment affected body temperature regulation. It is concluded that neither the DA nor the NE system is essential for normal temperature maintenance in the hen exposed to either 5 or 35 degrees C.
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47
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Wood CL, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Separation of solubilized alpha and beta adrenergic receptors by affinity chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 88:1-8. [PMID: 222278 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adrenalectomy
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Female
- Kinetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
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Hoffman BB, De Lean A, Wood CL, Schocken DD, Lefkowitz RJ. Alpha-adrenergic receptor subtypes: quantitative assessment by ligand binding. Life Sci 1979; 24:1739-45. [PMID: 222980 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(79)90061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Wood CL, Arnett CD, Clarke WR, Tsai BS, Lefkowitz RJ. Subclassification of alpha-adrenergic receptors by direct binding studies. Biochem Pharmacol 1979; 28:1277-82. [PMID: 36095 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(79)90424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Orlove MJ, Wood CL. Coefficients of relationship and coefficients of relatedness in kin selection: a covariance form for the RHO formula. J Theor Biol 1978; 73:679-86. [PMID: 703340 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(78)90129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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