POS0286 CAN PATIENTS WITH CONTROLLED RA RECEIVING ANY CLASS OF TARGETED THERAPY WITH METHOTREXATE (MTX) SUSTAIN DISEASE CONTROL AFTER TAPERING MTX? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background

Patients with RA frequently struggle with intolerance of MTX and adherence to MTX remains highly variable. Guidelines conditionally recommend the tapering of MTX before tapering biologic (b)DMARDs, but acknowledge there is an absence of direct evidence. Prior reviews on this topic have focused on tapering of MTX from combination treatment with TNF-inhibitors(i) only1. There have been no updated reviews addressing MTX tapering from other targeted therapies such as IL6-i or JAK-i, nor has there been a systematic review addressing this question.

Objectives

To determine the feasibility of tapering MTX to targeted therapy (bDMARDs or JAKi) alone in patients whose RA is controlled (LDA or remission).

Methods

A systematic literature search combing MeSH terms and keywords was conducted in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies reporting remission outcomes after tapering MTX from targeted therapies in RA. Non-English and animal studies were excluded. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Forest and funnel plots were created and heterogeneity was calculated.

Results

Our search identified 5762 citations. After removal of duplicates and screening title/abstract using the COVIDENCE platform, 504 full-text articles were reviewed. Of the 10 articles meeting our inclusion criteria of tapering MTX to monotherapy with a targeted therapy, 3 studies tapered to etanercept, 3 to tocilizumab, 1 to tofacitinib, 1 to certolizumab pegol, 1 to adalimumab and 1 to abatacept monotherapy. Nine studies were RCTs and one was a long-term extension study (LTE) (Table 1). Disease duration was longer in 7 studies (6-11 years) and early in 3 studies (1-9 months). The MTX tapering strategy was gradual in 2 and rapid in 8 studies. Follow-up ranged from 3 -18 months in RCTs, and up to 3 years in the LTE. Studies reporting outcomes up to 1 year after tapering had remission rates ranging 48-76%, but this dropped to 40% in one study reporting 18- month remission outcomes. Our meta-analysis conducted in 2000 RA participants from 10 studies showed that patients who tapered MTX to targeted therapy alone could maintain remission with an overall pooled OR of 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) (Figure 1). There was no heterogeneity among the studies in this group (I2=0.0%, p=0.788). Our funnel plot indicated high precision and potentially less publication bias. No significant difference in remission outcomes between early RA [OR 0.63 (0.33, 1.18)] and established RA [OR 0.84 (0.69, 1.03)] was observed.

Table 1.

Included Studies

Author/ YearnEarly RABaseline treatmentMTX Taper StrategyREM measureFollow-upCurtis 2020253noETA+MTXStopSDAI48 wksEmery 2019147yesABA+MTXStopSDAI48 wksCohen 2019533noTOFA+MTXStopDAS28-CRP48 wksEmery 2019411yesETA+MTXTaper 4 wksDAS2852 wksPablos 2019165noTCZ+MTXStopDAS2828 wksPope 201988noCZP+DMARDStopDAS2818 mosKremer 2018296noTCZ+MTXStopDAS2852 wksEdwards 2017272noTCZ+MTXTaper 24 wksDAS2848 wksKeystone 2016205noETA+MTXStopDAS2818 mosKeystone 2018140yesADA+MTXStopDAS28-CRP3 years

ETA etanercept, ABA abatacept, TOFA tofacitinib, TCZ tocilizumab, CZP certolizumab pegol, ADA adalimumab, REM remission, wk week, mo month, DAS28 Disease Activity Score 28, SDAI Simplified disease activity index.

Conclusion

Patients with controlled RA have a high probability of maintaining disease control after tapering their MTX to targeted therapy alone, up to 18 months. This review may inform patients with controlled disease on any of a range of targeted therapies and MTX, but who are struggling with MTX-related adverse effects and wish to taper it. Longer follow-up studies with attention to radiographic, functional and patient reported outcomes are needed. The possibility of disease worsening must be discussed with the patient in advance with careful follow-up and prompt re-treatment of disease worsening.

References

[1]Subesinghe S, Scott IC. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015;8:751-60.

Disclosure of Interests

Charis Meng: None declared, Diviya Rajesh: None declared, Deanna Jannat-Khah Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Cytodyn, Walgreens, Omar Bruce: None declared, Bridget Jivanelli: None declared, Vivian Bykerk Consultant of: Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB., Grant/research support from: NIH (NIAID/NIAMS) grant 1UH2AR067691-01 GRANT11652401 and The Cedar Hill Foundation; institution received grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Amgen;

POS0642 THE PROBABILITY OF SUSTAINING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS REMISSION IN PATIENTS TAPERING TARGETED THERAPY USED AS MONOTHERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background

Up to 30% of RA patients receive monotherapy with biologic (b)DMARDs or JAK inhibitors (i), often due to intolerance of methotrexate (MTX). Monotherapy with IL-6i and JAK-i has been reported to be effective. The EULAR research agenda includes addressing the question of whether tapering of targeted therapy (bDMARDs and JAK-i) used as monotherapy (targeted monotherapy) is possible1.

Objectives

To assess if it is feasible to taper (stop or reduce) targeted monotherapy with controlled RA using existing clinical trial data.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature (2014-2021), cited in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library, was performed. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models. Forest and funnel plots were created and heterogeneity calculated.

Results

Our search yielded 5762 citations. After de-duplication, screening of titles/abstracts and review of full text articles, we identified 5 studies comparing tapering of targeted monotherapy (TNF-i, tocilizumab (TCZ), abatacept (ABA) and baricitinib) to continuing therapy or other tapering regimens (Table 1). In our meta-analysis of data from 800 patients we observed a trend for lower odds of remission when tapering of targeted monotherapy vs comparator treatment regimen [pooled OR 0.72 (0.35, 1.48)]. In one study comparing stopping monotherapy to continuing MTX, we saw the lowest OR 0.55 (0.20, 1.48). In studies comparing two tapering regimens the pooled OR was higher 2.17 (1.13, 4.16). There was no heterogeneity in the studies which compared tapering to continuing therapy (I2=0.0%, p=0.437) and moderate heterogeneity in the studies that tapered different treatments in both arms (I2=53.7%, p=0.115). Trials using a gradual tapering strategy had a numerically higher odds of remission [OR 2.15 (0.94, 4.92); 3.61(1.85, 7.04)] compared to a trial implementing abrupt withdrawal [OR 1.19 (0.53, 2.68)]. There was a trend for higher remission outcomes in studies of early RA [pooled OR 1.71 (0.72, 4.05)] compared to established RA [pooled OR 1.12 (0.29, 4.27)] (Figure 1). Funnel plots indicate a paucity of studies, and perhaps publication bias.

Table 1.

Included studies.

Author/yearnEarly RAMean Age RangeBaselineTapering strategyComparison arm interventionRemission OutcomeFollow uptreatmentvan Mulligen 2020189No56-57csDMARD + TNFiTaper csDMARD then TNFiTaper in reverse orderDAS44 < 1.624 mosKaneko102No54-58TCZ+MTXStop TCZContinue MTXDAS28 < 2.6104 wks2018vs TCZBijlsma299Yes54TCZ+MTXGradual taper MTX 1st then TCZGradual taper MTXDAS28 < 2.6+SJC≤4104 wks2016vs TCZvs MTXEmery176Yes45-49ABA+MTXStop ABAStop ABA Taper MTX offDAS28-CRP<2.618 mos2015vs ABAvs MTXTakeuchi69Yes48-53Bari 4mgReduce 2mgContinue 4mgCDAI < 2.848 wks2019

ABA abatacept, Bari baricitinib, CDAI Clinical disease activity index, csDMARDS conventional synthetic DMARDs, DAS28 Disease Activity Score 28, MTX methotrexate, SJC swollen joint count, TCZ tocilizumab, wks weeks, mos months.

Conclusion

There are no trials designed to compare tapering targeted monotherapy to continuing it, indicating a significant gap in knowledge in an area of increasing clinical relevance for our patients. There was insufficient evidence to demonstrate the significant effects of tapering targeted monotherapy in RA. Only one study out of 5 compared stopping targeted monotherapy to continuing therapy (MTX), and reported a low OR of remission. Three studies tapered therapy in both arms and one study performed a dose reduction. Our review suggests that stopping targeted monotherapy is unlikely to maintain disease control. More gradual tapering schemes, dose reduction and early treatment of disease may be associated with more successful tapering. More studies are needed to better inform our patients. Currently, we do not recommend stopping targeted monotherapy in RA.

References

[1]Smolen JS, Landewé RBM, Bijlsma JWJ, et al.Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79:685-99.

Disclosure of Interests

Charis Meng: None declared, Diviya Rajesh: None declared, Deanna Jannat-Khah Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Cytodyn, Walgreens, Omar Bruce: None declared, Bridget Jivanelli: None declared, Vivian Bykerk Consultant of: Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, Grant/research support from: NIH (NIAID/NIAMS) grant 1UH2AR067691-01 GRANT11652401 and The Cedar Hill Foundation; institution received grants from Bristol Myers Squibb and Amgen

Cobalt silicate: critical synthetic conditions affect its electrochemical properties for energy storage and conversion

Cobalt silicate (CoSi) is a promising electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs) and an electrocatalytic material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). How to synthesize cobalt silicate with excellent energy storage and OER properties has not been reported and it is a great challenge for researchers to accomplish it. In this work, we find that the electrochemical properties of CoSi are particularly affected by critical factors during the synthesis process. Three types of CoSi compounds are synthesized using Stöber SiO₂ as the self-sacrificing template via a hydrothermal reaction. The CoSi compounds generated from different reaction systems have obvious differences in the macrostate, microscopic morphology, composition and valence, leading to different electrochemical performances for energy storage and OER properties. The findings reveal that the differences (especially valence) among CoSi are determined by the formation of the metal source in the reaction system. The specific capacitance of CoSi-3 obtained from the system with basic salts as the metal source is eight times higher than that of CoSi-1 obtained from the system with coordination compounds as the metal source, whereas CoSi-1 has a greater advantage in electrocatalytic activity. This work provides insight for the synthesis of cobalt silicates applied to energy storage and conversion.

[The effects of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy on short-term outcome and long-term prognosis based on propensity score matching]

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the right colon. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified 288 right colon cancer patients who underwent either robotic-assisted (n=57) or laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (n=231) between October 2014 and October 2020 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. There were 161 males and 127 females, aging (60.3±12.8) years (range: 17 to 86 years). After propensity score matching as 1∶4 between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, there were 56 cases in robotic group and 176 cases in laparoscipic group. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival were compared between the two groups using t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ² test, Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results: The total operative time was similar between the robotic and laparoscopic group ((206.9±60.7) minutes vs. (219.9±56.3) minutes, t=-1.477, P=0.141). Intraoperative bleeding was less in the robotic group (50 (20) ml vs. 50 (50) ml, Z=-4.591, P<0.01), while the number of lymph nodes retrieved was significantly higher (36.0±10.0 vs. 29.0±10.1, t=4.491, P<0.01). Patients in robotic group experienced significantly shorter hospital stay, shorter time to first flatus, and defecation (t: -2.888, -2.946, -2.328, all P<0.05). Moreover, the overall peri-operative complication rate was similar between robotic and laparoscopic group (17.9% vs. 22.7%, χ²=0.596,P=0.465). The 3-year overall survival were 92.9% and 87.9% respectively and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 83.1% and 82.6% with no statistical significance between the robotic and laparoscopic group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared to laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, robot-assisted right hemicolectomy could improve some short-term clinical outcomes. The two procedures are both achieving comparable survival.

A dual-polymer strategy boosts hydrated vanadium oxide for ammonium-ion storage

Recently, aqueous rechargeable batteries employing ammonium-ions (NH₄⁺) as charge carriers have received increasing interest because of their merits of eco-friendly, low cost and sustainability. However, the supercapacitor based on NH₄⁺ charge carriers has rarely been reported probably owing to the lack of a suitable system to achieve acceptable capacitance and cycle performance for NH₄⁺ storage. Herein, we develop a dual-polymer strategy to boost the electrochemical properties of hydrated vanadium oxide (HVO) for outstanding NH₄⁺ storages based on a supercapacitor. One polymer polyaniline (PANI) is intercalated into the interlayer space of HVO (11.0 Å) to synthesize PANI-intercalation-HVO (PVO) with the expanded interlamellar spacing of 13.9 Å, which enhances the kinetics and stabilizes the structure during the NH₄⁺ (de)intercalation. The capacitance at 1 A·g^-1 is significantly improved from 156F·g^-1 (HVO) to 351F·g^-1 (PVO). The other polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used to get the quasi-solid-state (QSS) PVA/NH₄Cl electrolyte, in which the cycle stability of PVO electrode is effectively improved. The PVO exhibits the capacitance retentions of 82% after 2000 cycles and 56% after 10,000 cycles, whereas this value is only 29% after 3000 cycles in NH₄Cl electrolyte. The findings reveal that this strategy can effectively reduce the diffusion resistance of ammonium ions and improve the energy storage efficiency of PVO. The flexible QSS PVO//active carbon hybrid supercapacitor (FQSS PVO//AC HSC) device is assembled and exhibits outstanding capacitance, long cycle stability, good mechanical stability and potential practical applications. This work may open up a new window for the study on the improved electrochemical properties of electrode materials for NH₄⁺ storage.

Pd Speciation on Black Phosphorene in CO and C2H4 Atmosphere: A First-principles Investigation

Deposited transition metal clusters and nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts and have long been thought stable in reaction conditions. We investigated the electronic structure and stability of freestanding and...

Engineering Interlayer Space of Vanadium Oxide by Pyridinesulfonic Acid-Assisted Intercalation of Polypyrrole Enables Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage

By adjusting the structure of vanadium oxides, their electrochemical performances as cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) can be improved effectively. Due to the layered structure and high specific capacity of V₂O₅, many guests (like metal ions and conducting polymers) intercalated and regulated the structure to enhance its electrochemical properties. Polypyrrole (PPy) has attracted people's attention due to its good conductive ability. However, the intercalation of PPy into a lamellar structure of hydrated V₂O₅ (VOH) has rarely been achieved as a cathode material for ARZIBs. Herein, we developed a pyridinesulfonic acid (PSA)-assisted approach to intercalate PPy into the interplanar spacing of VOH under acidic conditions, and the sample is denoted as VOH-PPy (PSA). The presence of protic acid can improve the electrical conductivity of the polymer and enhance the oxidation of VOH, making the polymerization of pyrrole easier. Furthermore, the nitrogen-containing groups in PSA can interact with vanadium to further expand the layer space of VOH, and the sulfonic groups can facilitate the polymerization of pyrrole. The addition of the PSA results in an ultralarge interlayer spacing of 15.8 Å. VOH-PPy (PSA) delivers an excellent specific capacity of up to 422 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 and a stable cycle performance of 165 mAh·g^-1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A·g^-1. This work not only realizes PPy expanding the lamellar structure of VOH but also provides feasibility for improving the electrochemical properties of VOH as a cathode material for ARZIBs by intercalating conductive polymers.

Dispersed FeOx nanoparticles decorated with Co2SiO4 hollow spheres for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has drawn ever-increasing attention because of its essential role in various renewable-energy technologies. In spite of tremendous research efforts, developing high-performance OER catalysts at low cost remains a great challenge. Inspired by two earth-abundant elements Fe and Si, herein, we report a Fe-Co₂SiO₄ composite consisting of well dispersed iron oxide (FeO_x) decorated Co₂SiO₄ hollow nanospheres as an economical and promising OER catalyst. Although Co₂SiO₄ or FeO_x alone has little OER activity, their composite exhibits satisfied performance, that is highly related to geometric effect and bimetal component electronic interactions. The Fe-Co₂SiO₄ composite exhibits comparable catalytic activity to most of transition mental oxide/hydroxide relevant composites at 10 mA cm^-2. It is even 1.6 times higher than commercial RuO₂ electrocatalyst at high current density 100 mA cm^-2 in alkaline solution. In this work, surface decoration of transition metal silicate provides a new horizon to design high-performance and economical OER catalysts.

Cuprous Cluster-Based Coordination Sheets as Photocatalytic Regulators to Activate Oxygen, Benzoquinone, and Thianthrenium Salts

Cuprous clusters are well known for their important fluorescent properties and tunable redox behavior, but the coordinated protecting groups restrict their application in photocatalysis, in particular, the inner-sphere activation of substrates. By modifying fluorescent cuprous clusters with terminal iodides into two-dimensional coordination sheets, we report a photocatalytic regulator to synergistically combine electron transfer and energy transfer for the oxidative coupling of benzoquinone and terminal alkynes. Under visible light irradiation, the well-modified excited state of the cuprous clusters in the coordination sheets reduces benzoquinones to generate aoxy radicals through electron transfer and activates oxygen through energy transfer. The aoxy radicals interact with copper-coordinated phenylacetylene to form an active intermediate, which is further oxidized by the in situ formed active oxygen species and aryl ketones are obtained. The warranted potential of the excited coordination sheets enables the reductive activation of thianthrenium salts as radical precursors, facilitating radical capture and further C-N coupling via an inner-sphere activation mechanism. The new catalytic approach optimizes the redox properties and excited-state lifetime, shortens the electron transfer steps, and promotes the potential collision of a low concentration of active species in tandem catalytic cycles, thus paving a new way to develop ecologically benign, cost-effective, multipurpose, and flexible catalytic systems.

RGO/Manganese Silicate/MOF-derived carbon Double-Sandwich-Like structure as the cathode material for aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries (ARZIBs) have been attracting a great deal of attention due to their immense potential in large-scale power grid applications. It is of great significance to explore cathode material with novel designed structure and first-class performances for ARZIBs. Herein, we successfully construct a double-sandwich-like structure, MOF-derived carbon/manganese silicate/reduced graphene oxide/manganese silicate/MOF-derived carbon (denoted as rGO/MnSi/MOF-C), as the cathode material for ARZIBs. Among the double-sandwich-like structure, manganese silicate (Mn₂SiO₄, denoted as MnSi) is in the middle of internal reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and external MOF-8 derived carbon (MOF-C). This integrated rGO/MnSi/MOF-C with double-sandwich-like structure can not only avert the sluggish electronic conduction progress caused by the conventional three-phase mixture system of rGO, MnSi and MOF-C, but also display promising Zn²⁺ storing capability. As expected, in mild aqueous 2 M (mol L^-1) ZnSO₄ + 0.2 M MnSO₄ electrolyte, the initial discharge capacity of rGO/MnSi/MOF-C cathode reaches to 246 mAh·g^-1, and the peak discharge capacity reaches to 462 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1. This work not only involves the novel MnSi-based cathode for ARZIBs, but also first demonstrates our assumption of constructing the double-sandwich-like structure to improve Zn²⁺ storage. Moreover, the concept "double-sandwich-like structure" provides an idea for synthesizing the integrated carbon/transition metal silicates (TMSs)/carbon structure to boost the electrochemical properties of TMSs for energy-storing devices.

Stoichioproteomics study of differentially expressed proteins and pathways in head and neck cancer

Hypoxia is a prominent feature of head and neck cancer. However, the oxygen element characteristics of proteins and how they adapt to hypoxia microenvironments of head and neck cancer are still unknown. Human genome sequences and proteins expressed data of head and neck cancer were retrieved from pathology atlas of Human Protein Atlas project. Then compared the oxygen and carbon element contents between proteomes of head and neck cancer and normal oral mucosa-squamous epithelial cells, genome locations, pathways, and functional dissection associated with head and neck cancer were also studied. A total of 902 differentially expressed proteins were observed where the average oxygen content is higher than that of the lowly expressed proteins in head and neck cancer proteins. Further, the average oxygen content of the up regulated proteins was 2.54% higher than other. None of their coding genes were distributed on the Y chromosome. The up regulated proteins were enriched in endocytosis, apoptosis and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The increased oxygen contents of the highly expressed and the up regulated proteins might be caused by frequent activity of cytoskeleton and adapted to the rapid growth and fast division of the head and neck cancer cells. The oxygen usage bias and key proteins may help us to understand the mechanisms behind head and neck cancer in targeted therapy, which lays a foundation for the application of stoichioproteomics in targeted therapy and provides promise for potential treatments for head and neck cancer.

The Promoter Role of Amines in the Condensation of Silicic Acid: A First-Principles Investigation

Though well-recognized, the molecular-level understanding of the multifunctional roles of amines in the condensation of polysilicic acids, which is one of the key processes in hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, is still limited. Taking ethylamine as a prototype, we investigated the mechanism of polysilicic acid condensation in the existence of organic amines in aqueous solution with extensive first-principles-based calculations. Because of the high proton affinity, ethylamine exists as amine silicates and alters the subsequent condensation mechanisms from a 1-step lateral attack mechanism accompanied with simultaneous intermolecular proton transfer in neutral aqueous solution to a 2-step S_N2-like mechanism. Specifically, the 5-coordinated Si species that were not observed on pathways of condensation in neutral solution are effectively stabilized by the ethylamine cations as intermediates, and the barriers for condensation of ortho-silicic acid are significantly reduced from 133 kJ/mol in neutral solution to 58 and 63 kJ/mol for formation of the 5-coordinated Si intermediate and proton transfer for water release, respectively. Similar variations of mechanisms and barriers for condensation were also observed in the formation of cyclic trimers as well as linear and cyclic tetramers of ortho-silicic acids. Based on these, it was proposed that apart from acting as structure-directing agents, pore fillers, and pH adjusters, organic amines can also function as promoters in the condensation of polysilicic acids.

Rice-like and rose-like zinc silicates anchored on amorphous carbon derived from natural reed leaves for high-performance supercapacitors

3D N, S, P-doped rice-like C-Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O (C-ZnSi-N2) and rose-like C-Zn2SiO4 (C-ZnSi-CO2) are derived from reed leaves and used for application in supercapacitors. The as-prepared C-ZnSi architectures with a large number of hierarchical pores and high specific surface area from reed leaves have outstanding electrochemical performance. The obtained C-ZnSi-N2 shows 341 F g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A g-1, while the C-ZnSi-CO2 exhibits 498 F g-1, and both of the C-ZnSi materials significantly retain above 99% of their capacitance after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, the flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) synthesized from C-ZnSi and activated carbon (denoted as C-ZnSi-N2//AC and C-ZnSi-CO2//AC) achieve a high capacitance (405 and 194 mF cm-2 at the current density of 2 mA cm-2, respectively). Besides, the ASC devices show good cycling stability for 7300 cycles with 73% and 77% capacitance retention. The results presented in this study indicate that the N, S, P-doped C-ZnSi architectures from natural reed leaves are promising and efficient materials for manufacturing high performance supercapacitors.

Polyaniline-expanded the interlayer spacing of hydrated vanadium pentoxide by the interface-intercalation for aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries

The metal ions or conductive macromolecules intercalated hydrated vanadium oxides for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received increasing attention in recent years. The strategy for the preparation of the intercalated hydrated vanadium oxides has been achieved great advances but is still a huge challenge. In this contribution, we develop an interface-intercalation method to synthesize the polyaniline-intercalated hydrated vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅·nH₂O), denoted as PANI-VOH, as the cathode materials for AZIBs. The prepared PANI-VOH exhibits a 3D sponge-like morphology and the surface area of 190 m²·g^-1. The interlayer spacing of VOH is expanded to be 14.1 Å, which provides a lot of channels for the rapidly reversible (de)intercalation of Zn²⁺ ions. The coin-typed Zn//PANI-VOH battery shows the specific discharge capacity of 363 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1 and stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the specific capacity remains 131 mAh·g^-1 after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g^-1, and the energy density is calculated to be 275 Wh·kg^-1 at 78 W·kg^-1 on the mass of PANI-VOH. The achieved values are comparable to or even much higher than that of the most state-of-the-art V-based cathode materials for AZIBs. The PANI intercalation can shorten the pathways and facilitate the transports for the migration of ions and electrons. Our finding guides a novel strategy for the intercalation of PANI into the layered materials to adjust their interlayer spacing, which exhibits super ions migration efficiency, as the cathode materials for AZIBs and even other multivalent ions batteries.

The synthesis and electrochemical properties of low-crystallinity iron silicate derived from reed leaves as a supercapacitor electrode material

The design and preparation of electrode materials with excellent performance is particularly important due to the current global scarcity of energy supplies, especially those using sustainable and renewable materials. In this work, it is first proposed to apply iron silicate (FeSi), which is synthesized using environmentally friendly biomass as a raw material, as an electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs). FeSi is derived from the calcination of reed leaves (RLs) in combination with a hydrothermal method, and spherical FeSi retains the porosity of the RL precursors and shows remarkable electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of FeSi as a SC electrode can reach 575 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in the voltage window from -1 to -0.5 V. Simultaneously, the FeSi electrode exhibits favorable cycling stability with 76% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and outstanding electrical conductivity. This finding provides a novel method of preparing a kind of untapped electrode material, porous FeSi nanoparticles derived from RLs, and the resulting FeSi material shows enormous potential for energy storage via high-performance SCs.

Mn2+ as the "spearhead" preventing the trap of Zn2+ in layered Mn2+ inserted hydrated vanadium pentoxide enables high rate capacity

Vanadium oxides attract much attention and are concerned as one of the most promising cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to the layered structures. However, their intensive development is limited by the fragile structures and laggard ion-transferring. Herein, Mn²⁺ inserted hydrated vanadium pentoxide nanobelts/reduced graphene oxide (Mn_xV₂O₅·nH₂O/rGO, abbreviated as MnVOH/rGO) was prepared by a simple one-pot hydrothermal process, delivering excellent electrochemical properties for AZIBs. The Zn//MnVOH/rGO cell operates well even at changing current densities over 45 cycles, behaving 361 mAh·g^-1 at 0.1 A·g^-1, 323 mAh·g^-1 as the current density gradually increasing to 2 A·g^-1 and 350 mAh·g^-1 when gradually back to 0.1 A·g^-1 (∼97% of initial capacity). Such a superb cycling and rate performance is ascribed to the unique stable structure with the compact electrostatic attraction between Mn²⁺ and V₂O₅·nH₂O (VOH) laminate. On the one hand, Mn²⁺ generates electrostatic network with [VO₆] polyhedrons and suppresses the following electrostatic trap for the moving Zn²⁺. On the other hand, rGO improves the conductivity, endowing the high capacity and energy density. The performance of the MnVOH/rGO cathode exceeds most of vanadium-based cathodes applying in AZIBs and paves the way to the ideal energy storage system.