26
|
Lefebvre B, Labbé A, Venne S, Lambert G, Fortin C, Tremblay C. P2.089 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Neisseria GonorrhoeaeIsolates in the Province of Québec: 2012: Abstract P2.089 Table 1. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
27
|
Serhir B, Vincelette J, Frost E, Bergevin M, Béliveau C, Phaneuf D, Sanfaçon R, Poirier A, Doualla-Bell F, Tremblay C. P2.037 Multicenter Evaluation of Three Novel 4 ThGeneration HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assays: Abbott Architect, Roche HIV Combi and Siemens Advia Centaur: Abstract P2.037 Table 1. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
28
|
Lambert G, Haley N, Jean S, Tremblay C, Frappier JY, Otis J, Roy É. Sexual health of adolescents in Quebec residential Youth Protection Centres. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2013; 104:e216-21. [PMID: 23823885 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.104.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document risk behaviours and prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years entering care in Quebec Youth Protection Centres (YPC). METHODS From July 2008 to May 2009, adolescents residing in six YPCs completed a questionnaire during a face-to-face interview. Questions covered sexual and substance use behaviours prior to admission, as well as other health issues affecting respondents' mental and physical health. Urine samples were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection (CTGI) and Neisseria gonorrhoea genital infection (NGGI). RESULTS Among 578 participants aged 14 to 17 years, 89% had had consensual sexual relations. Sexual risk behaviours included early sexual initiation (66% at <14 years); multiple partners (median lifetime number: girls 5, boys 8); 50% or more of sexual relations under the influence of drugs or alcohol (girls 43%, boys 48%); group sex (girls 38%, boys 43%); and sex in exchange for money or other goods (girls 27%, boys 8%). Only a quarter of boys and girls used double protection (condom and a contraceptive method) during the most recent vaginal relation. A history of pregnancy was reported by 28% of girls. Prevalence of CTGI was 9.3% (CI: 5.5-14.5) among girls and 1.9% (CI: 0.6-4.4) among boys. Prevalence of NGGI gonorrhoea was 1.7% (CI: 0.3-4.8) among girls and 0% (CI: 0.0-1.4) among boys.In multivariate analyses, factors significantly associated with chlamydia infection among sexually active girls were: hospitalization for alcohol intoxication; and a history of suicidal ideation with plan. CONCLUSION Sexual risk behaviours are common among adolescents entering YPCs, resulting in high levels of chlamydia infection. Mental health issues such as substance misuse and serious depressive symptoms are associated with these high rates. A youth's stay in these facilities is an opportune time to screen not only for sexual risk behaviours but also for mental health problems; appropriate risk reduction education and referrals can then be provided as needed.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sasseville VG, Mansfield KG, Mankowski JL, Tremblay C, Terio KA, Mätz-Rensing K, Gruber-Dujardin E, Delaney MA, Schmidt LD, Liu D, Markovits JE, Owston M, Harbison C, Shanmukhappa S, Miller AD, Kaliyaperumal S, Assaf BT, Kattenhorn L, Macri SC, Simmons HA, Baldessari A, Sharma P, Courtney C, Bradley A, Cline JM, Reindel JF, Hutto DL, Montali RJ, Lowenstine LJ. Meeting report: Spontaneous lesions and diseases in wild, captive-bred, and zoo-housed nonhuman primates and in nonhuman primate species used in drug safety studies. Vet Pathol 2012; 49:1057-69. [PMID: 23135296 PMCID: PMC4034460 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812461655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of loss of habitat, human population encroachment, and increased demand of select nonhuman primates for biomedical research has significantly affected populations. There remains a need for knowledge and expertise in understanding background findings as related to the age, source, strain, and disease status of nonhuman primates. In particular, for safety/biomedical studies, a broader understanding and documentation of lesions would help clarify background from drug-related findings. A workshop and a minisymposium on spontaneous lesions and diseases in nonhuman primates were sponsored by the concurrent Annual Meetings of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology held December 3-4, 2011, in Nashville, Tennessee. The first session had presentations from Drs Lowenstine and Montali, pathologists with extensive experience in wild and zoo populations of nonhuman primates, which was followed by presentations of 20 unique case reports of rare or newly observed spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates (see online files for access to digital whole-slide images corresponding to each case report at http://www.scanscope.com/ACVP%20Slide%20Seminars/2011/Primate%20Pathology/view.apml). The minisymposium was composed of 5 nonhuman-primate researchers (Drs Bradley, Cline, Sasseville, Miller, Hutto) who concentrated on background and spontaneous lesions in nonhuman primates used in drug safety studies. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques were emphasized, with some material presented on common marmosets. Congenital, acquired, inflammatory, and neoplastic changes were highlighed with a focus on clinical, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings that could confound the interpretation of drug safety studies.
Collapse
|
30
|
Haley N, Lambert G, Jean S, Tremblay C, Frappier J, Otis J, Roy E. Sexual Heath of Adolescents in Quebec Youth Protection Centers. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.17ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
Blanchard AC, Fortin E, Rocher I, Moore D, Frenette C, Tremblay C, Quach C. Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Paediatr Child Health 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/17.suppl_a.15a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
32
|
Blouin V, Fortin E, Rocher I, Fortin A, Tremblay C, Frenette C, Quach C. Healthcare-associated (HA) bloodstream infections (BSI) secondary top surgical site infections: surveillance program across Quebec hospitals (2007 to 2010). BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239798 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
33
|
Nassirou N, Diabate S, Akakpo J, Tremblay C, Alary M. P1-S2.15 Prevalence of condyloma acuminatum and certain sexually transmitted diseases among female sex workers (FSWS) in a cohort study at sexually transmitted diseases dispensary (DIST) in Cotonou, BEnin. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
34
|
Diabate S, Chamberland A, Geraldo N, Zannou M, Massinga-Loembe M, Anagonou S, CLabbe A, Tremblay C, Alary M. P1-S2.20 Factors influencing cervical infection among female sex workers in Benin. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
35
|
Cox J, Graves L, Marks E, Tremblay C, Stephenson R, Lambert-Lanning A, Steben M. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours associated with the provision of hepatitis C care by Canadian family physicians. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e332-40. [PMID: 21692945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The role of primary care physicians in providing care for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasingly emphasized, but many gaps and challenges remain. This study explores family physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with providing care for HCV infection. Seven hundred and forty-nine members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) completed a self-administered survey examining knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding HCV infection screening and care. Multivariate analyses were performed using the outcome, HCV care provision, and variables based on a conceptual model of practice guideline adherence. Family physicians providing basic-advanced HCV care were more likely to be older, practice in a rural setting, have injection drug users (IDU) in their practice and have higher levels of knowledge about the initial assessment (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.23-2.54) and treatment of HCV (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.24-2.43). They were also less likely to believe that family physicians do not have a role in HCV care (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.30-0.58). Educational programmes should target physicians less likely to provide HCV care, namely family physicians practicing in urban areas and those who do not care for any IDU patients. Training and continuing medical education programmes that aim to shift family physicians' attitudes about the provision of HCV care by promoting their roles as integral to HCV care could contribute to easing the burden on consultant physicians and lead to improved access to treatment for HCV infection.
Collapse
|
36
|
Diabate S, Chamberland A, Geraldo N, Zannou DM, Loembe MM, Anagonou S, Labbe AC, Tremblay C, Alary M. O1-S08.03 Condom use during work time among female sex workers in Benin. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050109.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
37
|
Lambert G, Haley N, Jean S, Tremblay C, Frappier JY, Otis J, Roy E. P1-S2.29 Risky sexual practices among youth in Quebec Care Centers. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
38
|
Lambert G, Cox J, Hottes TS, Tremblay C, Frigault LR, Alary M, Otis J, Remis RS. Correlates of unprotected anal sex at last sexual episode: analysis from a surveillance study of men who have sex with men in Montreal. AIDS Behav 2011; 15:584-95. [PMID: 20033763 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-009-9605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in rates of unprotected anal sex (UAS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) signal the need to continually refine our understanding of factors associated with risky sexual behavior. Data were collected using a questionnaire eliciting information about the last sexual episode (LSE) with another man in the past 6 months. Logistic regression was used to identify both event-level and background correlates of UAS at LSE. 965 participants who reported having sex with a partner with whom they were not in a couple relationship at LSE were studied. Several event-level variables were significantly associated with UAS after adjusting for background factors, including finding the partner at LSE sexually attractive and using alcohol or cocaine at LSE. Our findings parallel the results of other HIV prevention studies which have highlighted the importance of interpersonal factors that influence risk-taking at the moment of a sexual act among MSM.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tremblay C, Hamilton B, Sala M, Paoloni J, Chalabi H. Prevalence of haemoglobinopathy in sportsmen in qatar. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
40
|
Chamberland A, Sylla M, Boulassel MR, Baril JG, Côté P, Thomas R, Trottier B, Rouleau D, Routy JP, Tremblay C. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1 genetic evolution during acute infection. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 22:146-50. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of HIV-1 is a major obstacle to viral eradication. Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV-1 infection could limit viral diversity. Eighteen patients recently infected with HIV-1 were selected. Nine initiated ART soon after enrolment and nine remained untreated. Replication-competent (RC) viruses were quantified at baseline and after one year of follow-up. Viral diversity in the C2V5 envelope region was evaluated from plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and cell culture at both time points. The amount of RC virus in the treated group declined (median −5.42 infectious units per million [IUPM]) while it remained stable or increased in the untreated group (median +0.87 IUPM). At one year post infection, we observed a significant increase in diversity for the C2V5 (+0.150%) region, specifically in the hypervariable loops V4 (+0.73%) and V5 (+0.77%), in the untreated group. More importantly, viral diversity did not significantly increase in treated individuals during the first year post infection. Genetic diversity during primary infection remains low through the first year of infection. Early treatment could contribute to a decrease in RC viruses from PBMCs and to limitation of viral diversification in the viral reservoir. These findings may have relevance for the rational design of specific immunotherapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
41
|
Allard R, Leclerc P, Tremblay C, Tannenbaum TN. Diabetes and the severity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:1491-3. [PMID: 20587722 PMCID: PMC2890346 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the existence of an increased risk of complications from influenza A (H1N1)p among patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using data from an enhanced influenza surveillance project in Montreal, Canada, and age/sex-specific population estimates of diabetes prevalence, we estimated the risk of hospitalization among persons with diabetes. Comparing hospitalized patients admitted or not to an intensive care unit (ICU), we estimated the risk of ICU admission associated with diabetes, controlling for other patient characteristics. RESULTS Among 239 hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed influenza A (H1N1)p, 162 (68%) were interviewed, of whom 22 had diabetes, when 7.1 were expected (prevalence ratio 3.10 [95% CI 2.04-4.71]). The odds ratio for ICU admission was 4.29 (95% CI 1.29-14.3) among hospitalized patients with diabetes compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes triples the risk of hospitalization after influenza A (H1N1)p and quadruples the risk of ICU admission once hospitalized.
Collapse
|
42
|
Adrien A, Cox J, Leclerc P, Boivin JF, Archibald C, Boulos D, Jean-Gilles J, Joseph G, Tremblay C. Behavioural risks for HIV infection among Quebec residents of Haitian origin. J Immigr Minor Health 2010; 12:894-9. [PMID: 20432067 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-010-9350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quebecers of Haitian origin (QHO) have the highest HIV prevalence of all immigrant groups in the province. We conducted a study among QHO to document the behavioural risk factors for HIV transmission. Male respondents were significantly more likely than female respondents to have at least one casual heterosexual partner in the past 12 months (39.7 vs. 18.8%, p < 0.001). Males were more likely to have used a condom at last sexual intercourse with a casual partner (78.9 vs. 53.7%; p = 0.002). However, among men who never, casually, or rarely used condoms with their regular female partner, 27.3% did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse with a casual partner. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, having at least one casual heterosexual partner in the past 12 months was associated with being younger than 29 years, being male, being single, and being a second-generation QHO. This study allows us to identify subgroups whose behaviours can result in greater vulnerability to HIV infection and other STIs.
Collapse
|
43
|
Haidara A, Chamberland A, Sylla M, Aboubacrine SA, Cissé M, Traore HA, Maiga MY, Tounkara A, Nguyen VK, Tremblay C. High level of primary drug resistance in Mali. HIV Med 2010; 11:404-11. [PMID: 20146734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As access to antiretroviral drugs increases in developing countries, it will become increasingly important to monitor the emergence of resistance and to define the molecular pathways involved to identify optimal therapeutic regimens. METHODS We performed genotypic resistance testing on plasma obtained from 101 HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals from Mali. Genotyping was carried out using the Virco protocols and HXB2 was used as the reference strain. RESULTS CRF02_AG was the most common subtype, present in 71.3% of our patient population. Other subtypes included B, C, G, CRF06_CPX, CRF09_CPX, CRF01_AE, A2/CRF16_A2D, A1 and CRF13_CPX. A total of 9.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.9-12.9%] of patients had at least one resistance mutation. The prevalences of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 5% (95% CI 0.7-9.2%), 6% (95% CI 1.3-10.6%) and 0%, respectively. The most frequent mutations were T215A/Y for NRTIs and K103N/T for NNRTIs. One patient harboured three NRTI resistance mutations and one NNRTI mutation. This is the first reported case of multi-drug-resistant viral transmission in Mali. Polymorphisms at protease codons 10I/V and 33F potentially associated with resistance were observed in 18.8% and 1% of patients, respectively. Several polymorphisms in the C-terminal domain of reverse transcriptase were observed: A371V (in 63.4% of patients), G335D (76.2%), E399D (10.9%) and G333E (1%). CONCLUSION Primary resistance was seen in 9.9% of subjects, which is higher than previously reported in Mali. Taking into consideration other polymorphisms in protease such as L10I/V and 33F, primary resistance could reach 28.7% (95% CI 19.9-37.5%). Our study reflects the need to monitor the evolution of resistance on a regular basis and trends of transmitted resistance.
Collapse
|
44
|
Couture C, Fortin MC, Carrier G, Dumas P, Tremblay C, Bouchard M. Assessment of exposure to pyrethroids and pyrethrins in a rural population of the Montérégie area, Quebec, Canada. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2009; 6:341-352. [PMID: 19306213 DOI: 10.1080/15459620902850907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use remains a preoccupation of the population and public health authorities given its possible impact on health. Pyrethroids can be listed among the widely used pesticides. The general population is potentially chronically exposed to pyrethroids mainly through food intake, but acute or sporadic exposures can also occur by other routes. Although pyrethroids are considered among the least toxic pesticides, their neurotoxic properties can affect humans, but current exposure levels in the population of Quebec are not known. The study thus aimed at assessing pyrethroid exposure in a rural, agricultural population during summer through measurements of urinary biomarkers. A total of 163 volunteers, 49 children and 114 adults, living in the Montérégie area of Quebec, participated in the study, which took place from June to August 2006, the period of intensive application of pesticides. Participants were asked to collect all their micturitions from 6 p.m. until the next morning, including first morning void, and to fill out a questionnaire to document factors that could potentially contribute to exposure. A gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry method was used to quantify six urinary metabolites resulting from pyrethroid biotransformation: cis- and trans-2,2-(dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cDCCA and tDCCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA), chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid (CDCA), cis-2,2-(dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DBCA) and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA). Distributions of amounts of the six metabolites excreted per unit of body weight, during a standardized 12-hr period, followed the same decreasing pattern in adults and in children: tDCCA > PBA > cDCCA > CDCA > DBCA > FPBA. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups, but amounts of metabolites varied greatly among individuals, suggesting important interindividual variations in the absorbed doses of these compounds. No consistent associations were observed between the excretion of correlated metabolites and the various factors documented by questionnaire (personal factors, life habits, sources of exposure). Comparison of the current data with those observed in an urban population of the same province during the summer of 2005 suggests a greater summertime exposure to some pyrethroids in the rural population.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hamilton B, Tremblay C, Eirale C, Racinais S, Grantham J. Vitamin D Deficiency In Middle Eastern Sportsmen. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000355409.20447.fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
46
|
Pirkle CM, Boileau C, Nguyen VK, Machouf N, Ag-Aboubacrine S, Niamba PA, Drabo J, Koala S, Tremblay C, Rashed S. Impact of a modified directly administered antiretroviral treatment intervention on virological outcome in HIV-infected patients treated in Burkina Faso and Mali. HIV Med 2009; 10:152-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Bouchard M, Normandin L, Gagnon F, Viau C, Dumas P, Gaudreau E, Tremblay C. Repeated measures of validated and novel biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in individuals living near an aluminum plant in Quebec, Canada. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:1534-49. [PMID: 20077227 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A longitudinal biomonitoring study was conducted to assess exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in non-occupationally exposed nonsmoking adults living in the vicinity of an aluminum plant. Metabolites of several PAH (pyrene, naphthalene, chrysene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene) were measured in the urine of the participants, including 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a validated biomarker and pyrene diones as novel biomarkers. In total, 73 individuals living about 1 km away from the plant (taken as the exposed group) were compared repeatedly with 71 individuals living at least 11 km from the smelter (used as the control group). Complete first morning voids were collected twice, at a 2-wk interval, in the fall of 2005 and twice weekly for 2 consecutive weeks in the spring of 2006. Urinary biomarker concentrations were then measured by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (MS-TOF) (UPLC-MS-TOF). For most sampling days, individuals living near the plant showed significantly higher excretion values of both 1-OHP and pyrene diones (mean ratio up to 2- and 2.4-fold, respectively) than individuals living further from the plant. In the group living near the plant, geometric mean concentrations of 1-OHP varied from 0.047 to 0.058 micromol/mol creatinine, depending on the sampling day, as compared to 0.025 to 0.04 micromol/mol creatinine in the reference group. Corresponding mean values for pyrene diones were 0.017-0.056 micromol/mol creatinine and 0.014-0.039 micromol/mol creatinine, respectively. Urinary 1- and 2-naphthols were also measured as a reference and showed no significant differences between the two groups for most sampling days; metabolite concentrations of the other monitored PAH (chrysene, fluoranthene, benz[a]anthracene) were mostly below the analytical limit of detection of 0.005 to 0.01 microg/L, depending on the metabolite, with a detection rate varying from 0 to at most 21%. Individuals living near the aluminum plant thus appeared to be repeatedly exposed to higher pyrene levels than the control group, on the basis of both 1-OHP and pyrene dione excretions. However, 1-OHP concentrations observed in this first group were similar to those of other reference populations of nonsmokers studied in the past. Uptake of the other PAH associated with plant emissions was too small to significantly increase the excretion of their metabolites.
Collapse
|
48
|
Cox J, Morissette C, De P, Tremblay C, Allard R, Graves L, Stephenson R, Roy E. Access to sterile injecting equipment is more important than awareness of HCV status for injection risk behaviors among drug users. Subst Use Misuse 2009; 44:548-68. [PMID: 19242863 PMCID: PMC2929254 DOI: 10.1080/10826080802544349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Awareness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection status is expected to influence risk behaviors. In 2004-2005, injection drug users (IDUs) recruited from syringe exchange programs (SEPs) and methadone clinics in Montreal, Canada, were interviewed on drug use behaviors (past 6 months) and HCV testing. Subjects (n = 230) were classified as low/intermediate risk (20.4% borrowed drug preparation equipment only) and high risk (19.6% borrowed syringes), and 54.5% reported being HCV positive. Logistic regression modeling showed that compared to no risk (60% borrowed nothing), low/intermediate risk was associated with fewer noninjecting social network members, poor physical health, and problems obtaining sterile injecting equipment. High risk was associated with all of these factors except social networks. HCV status was not associated with any level of risk. Improved access to sterile injecting equipment may be more important than knowledge of HCV status in reducing injection risks among this IDU population. The study limitations are noted and recommendations discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Phivilay A, Julien C, Tremblay C, Berthiaume L, Julien P, Giguère Y, Calon F. High dietary consumption of trans fatty acids decreases brain docosahexaenoic acid but does not alter amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2008; 159:296-307. [PMID: 19135506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) has increased during the 20th century and is a suspected risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. More recently, high TFA intake has been associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the impact of TFA on an animal model genetically programmed to express amyloid-beta (Abeta) and tau pathological markers of AD, we have fed 3xTg-AD mice with either control (0% TFA/total fatty acid), high TFA (16% TFA) or very high TFA (43% TFA) isocaloric diets from 2 to 16 months of age. Effects of TFA on plasma hepatic enzymes, glucose and lipid profile were minimal but very high TFA intake decreased visceral fat of non-transgenic mice. Importantly, dietary TFA increased brain TFA concentrations in a dose-related manner. Very high TFA consumption substantially modified the brain fatty acid profile by increasing mono-unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Very high TFA intake induced a shift from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) toward n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-6) without altering the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in the cortex of both control and 3xTg-AD mice. Changes in levels of Abeta(40), Abeta(42), tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein and synaptic markers were not statistically significant in the three groups of 3xTg-AD mice, despite a trend toward decreased insoluble tau in very high TFA-fed 3xTg-AD animals. In summary, TFA intake modulated brain fatty acid profiles but had no significant effect on major brain neuropathological hallmarks of AD in an animal model.
Collapse
|
50
|
Mercier F, Boulassel MR, Yassine-Diab B, Tremblay C, Bernard NF, Sekaly RP, Routy JP. Persistent human immunodeficiency virus-1 antigenaemia affects the expression of interleukin-7Ralpha on central and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:72-80. [PMID: 18279439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 and its receptor (IL-7Ralpha) play important roles in regulating lymphopoiesis. Previous studies have reported that human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viraemia affects the expression of IL-7Ralpha, but its effects on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory subsets have not been studied. Using eight-colour flow cytometry, we compared the immunophenotypic patterns of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets expressing IL-7Ralpha and activation markers, as well as circulating IL-7 levels, in three well-defined groups of HIV-1-infected subjects: successfully treated, viraemic and long-term non-progressor (LTNP). Compared with successfully treated and LTNP subjects, viraemic patients had reduced expression of IL-7Ralpha on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, particularly on central and effector memory T cell compartments, and substantially elevated expression of activation markers on CD8+ T cell subsets. Circulating IL-7 levels were correlated negatively with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets expressing IL-7Ralpha; these associations were stronger with CD4+ T cell subsets and mainly with central and effector memory cells. The expression of activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ cell T subsets was not related to circulating IL-7 levels. A strong negative correlation was observed between central memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells expressing IL-7Ralpha and those expressing activation markers, independently of IL-7 levels. Collectively, these results provide further insight on the role of unsuppressed viral load in disrupting the IL-7/IL-7Ralpha system and contributing to HIV-1 disease progression.
Collapse
|